xref: /src/usr.bin/units/units.lib

/	$NetBSD: units.lib,v 1.30 2022/11/20 14:53:14 jakllsch Exp $

/ primitive units

m			!a!
kg			!b!
sec			!c!
coul			!d!
candela			!e!
dollar			!f!
bit			!h!
erlang			!i!
K			!j!

/ prefixes

quetta-			1e30
ronna-			1e27
yotta-			1e24
zetta-			1e21
exa-			1e18
peta-			1e15
tera-			1e12
giga-			1e9
mega-			1e6
myria-			1e4
kilo-			1e3
hecto-			1e2
deka-			1e1
deci-			1e-1
centi-			1e-2
milli-			1e-3
micro-			1e-6
nano-			1e-9
pico-			1e-12
femto-			1e-15
atto-			1e-18
zopto-			1e-21
yocto-			1e-24
ronto-			1e-27
quecto-			1e-30

semi-			.5
demi-			.5

Q-			quetta
R-			ronna
Y-			yotta
Z-			zetta
E-			exa
P-			peta
T-			tera
G-			giga
M-			mega
k-			kilo
h-			hecto
da-			deka
d-			deci
c-			centi
m-			milli
p-			pico
f-			femto
a-			atto
z-			zopto
y-			yocto
r-			ronto
q-			quecto

/ ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
/ constants

fuzz			1

pi			3.14159265358979323846
c			2.99792458e+8 m/sec fuzz
e			1.6021917e-19 coul fuzz
k			1.38047e-16 erg/degC
planck			6.626e-34 joule-sec
hbar			1.055e-34 joule-sec
mole			6.022169e+23 fuzz

g			9.80665 m/sec2

/ conversion factors used as adjectives
energy			c2
force			g
mercury			1.33322e+5 kg/m2-sec2
hg			mercury

/ standard ratios
%			1|100
percent			%
/ proof is specific to alcohol concentration
proof			1|200

/ ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
/ counts

dozen			12
bakersdozen		13
score			20
gross			144

/ quire and ream are specific to counting sheets of paper
quire			25
ream			500

/ ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
/ angles

radian			.5 / pi
degree			1|180 pi-radian
circle			2 pi-radian
turn			2 pi-radian
revolution		turn
rev			turn
grade			.9 degree
arcdeg			1 degree
arcmin			1|60 arcdeg
arcsec			1|60 arcmin

centesimalminute	1e-2 grade
centesimalsecond	1e-4 grade

/ ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
/ solid angles

steradian		radian2
sphere			4 pi-steradian
sr			steradian
spat			4 pi sr

/ ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
/ Time

/ SI unit
second			sec
s			sec

/ special-case abbreviations
ms			millisec
ns			nanosec
us			microsec

/ civil timekeeping
minute			60 sec
min			minute
hour			60 min
hr			hour
day			24 hr
da			day
week			7 day
fortnight		14 da
month			1|12 year
mo			month
year			365.24219879 day fuzz
yr			year
decade			10 yr
century			100 year
millennium		1000 year

/ astronomical details
siderealyear		365.256360417 day
siderealday		23.934469444 hour
siderealhour		1|24 siderealday
lunarmonth		29.5305555 day
synodicmonth		lunarmonth
siderealmonth		27.32152777 day
tropicalyear		year
solaryear		year
lunaryear		12 lunarmonth

/ misc
sigma			microsec

/ ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
/ Frequency

hertz			/sec
Hz			hertz
hz			/sec
khz			1e+3 /sec
mhz			1e+6 /sec
rpm			rev/minute
rps			rev/sec

fresnel			1e12 hertz
pulsatance		2 pi/sec

/ ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
/ Mass and weight

gram			millikg
gramme			gram
gm			gram
mg			milligram
metricton		kilokg
tonne			1e+6 gm

atomicmassunit		1.66044e-27 kg fuzz
amu			atomicmassunit
dalton			amu

electronmass		9.1095e-31 kg
protonmass		1.6726e-27 kg
neutronmass		1.6606e-27 kg

carat			205 mg
metriccarat		200 mg
quintal			100 kg

/ Avoirdupois weight

lb			.45359237 kg
pound			lb
ounce			1|16 lb
oz			ounce
dram			1|16 oz
dr			dram
grain			1|7000 lb
gr			grain
stone			14 lb
shortton		2000 lb
ton			shortton
longton			2240 lb

bag			94 lb
cental			100 lb
longhundredweight	112 lb
longquarter		28 lb
pennyweight		1|20 oz
pwt			pennyweight
shorthundredweight	100 lb
shortquarter		25 lb
weymass			252 lb

/ Related mass units
/
/ According to Wikipedia there are two definitions for hyl, one using
/ grams and one using kilograms. beware

hyl			gm force sec2/m
slug			lb-g-sec2/ft

/ Apothecary weight

scruple			20 grain
apdram			60 grain
drachm			60 grain
apounce			480 grain
appound			5760 grain
troypound		appound
troyounce		1|12 troypound

/ Thai weight

salueng			3.75 gm
baht			4 salueng
tamlueng		4 baht
chang			20 tamlueng
hap			50 chang

/ ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
/ Length

/ SI unit
meter			m
metre			meter

/ special-case abbreviations
cm			centimeter
mm			millimeter
km			kilometer
nm			nanometer

/ other metric units
angstrom		decinanometer
fermi			1e-15 m
micron			micrometer

/ space-sized lengths
au			1.49597871e+11 m fuzz
astronomicalunit	au
lightyear		c-yr
parsec			au-radian/arcsec
pc			parsec

/ English system lengths
inch			2.54 cm
in			inch
foot			12 in
feet			foot
ft			foot
yard			3 ft
yd			yard
mile			5280 ft
mi			mile
league			3 mi
mil			1e-3 in

/ nautical
/
/ Historically, the nautical mile was 6080 feet (6080.2 in England)
/ but was changed to 1852 meters (6076 feet and change) in the 20th
/ century with varying dates of adoption around the world.
/ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nautical_mile
/
/ The US cable is 720 feet. The international cable is 1/10 nautical
/ mile, which is substantially shorter. The UK Admiralty cable is
/ apparently 1/10 of a historical Admiralty nautical mile, which is
/ 1853.2 instead of 1852 meters. These definitions date from the 20th
/ century. Historically, a cable was 100 fathoms, but the fathom
/ hadn't yet been fixed at 6 feet, so cables weren't a fixed length
/ either.
/ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cable_(unit)
/
fathom			6 ft
nmile			1852 m
nauticalmile		nmile
marineleague		3 nmile
cable			1|10 nmile
uscable			720 ft
admiraltycable		185.32 m

/ surveying
/
/ The US survey foot is defined as 1200/3937 meters, as opposed to the
/ ordinary international foot, which is 0.3048 meter (that's exactly
/ 2.54 cm to the inch as defined above.) These differ slightly.
/ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foot_(unit)
/
/ In the US, rods, chains, and furlongs are defined in terms of survey
/ feet, though the Wikipedia page on furlongs claims without citation
/ that some states use one definition and some the other. However, it
/ appears that as of 2022 this definition is on the way out, and other
/ jurisdictions define these units (to the extent they're used at all)
/ in terms of the international foot.
/ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rod_(unit)
/ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Furlong_(unit)
/
/ Consequently we'll make two sets of definitions and prefix the
/ variant US ones with "us".
/
/ Since historically this file defined "surveyfoot" and "surveyyard"
/ but "surveyorschain" and "surveyorslink", we will now end up with
/ several sets for consistency.
/
surveyfoot		1200|3937 meter
surveyyard		3 surveyfoot

rod			5.5 yard
rd			rod
perch			rod
pole			rod
chain			66 foot
link			1|100 chain
furlong			220 yard

usrod			5.5 surveyyard
usperch			usrod
uspole			usrod
uschain			66 surveyfoot
uslink			1|100 uschain
usfurlong		220 surveyyard

surveyorsfoot		surveyfoot
surveyorsyard		surveyyard
surveyorsrod		usrod
surveyorschain		uschain
surveyorslink		uslink

/ These are the same as the basic ones based on the international foot.
/ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gunter's_chain
/ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imperial_units
guntersrod		rod
gunterschain		chain
gunterslink		link

/ typographical
pica			1|6 in
point			1|72 in

/ data centers and machine rooms
rackunit		1.75 in
RU			rackunit
U			rackunit

/ physics
bohrradius		hbar2-C2/8.988e9 N m2-e2-electronmass

/ miscellaneous/historical/obscure English units
line			1|12 in
barleycorn		1|3 in
finger			7|8 in
nail			1|16 yd
palm			3 in
hand			4 in
quarter			9 in
span			9 in
cubit			18 in
militarypace		2.5 feet
pace			36 in
ell			45 in
smoot			67 in
rope			20 ft
bolt			40 yd
skein			120 yd
spindle			14400 yd

/ more ells
flemishell		27 inch
scottishell		37.2 inch
englishell		45 inch

/ I can't find supporting evidence for this definition.
rood			1.21e+3 yd

/ other
geodeticfoot		surveyfoot
geographicalmile	1852 m
engineerschain		100 ft
engineerslink		100|100 ft

/ note that while caliber is technically a unit, caliber sizes for ammunition
/ are usually short names for more complicated specifications.
caliber			1e-2 in

frenchfoot		16|15 ft
frenchfeet		frenchfoot
toise			6 frenchfeet

parasang		3.5 mi

/ Thai length

krabiat			0.5208 cm
nio			4 krabiat
khuep			12 nio
sok			2 khuep
wah			4 sok
sen			20 wah
yot			400 sen

/ ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
/ Speed

admiraltyknot		6080 ft/hr
knot			nmile/hr
mph			mile/hr

/ The speed of sound varies substantially with density, and thus
/ both pressure and temperature. This number appears to be for
/ 0 degrees Celsius at sea level. The value is considerably lower
/ at typical flight altitudes for high-performance aircraft.
mach			331.46 m/sec

/ ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
/ Area

/ metric
are			1e+2 m2
hectare			1e+4 m2

/ English
sabin			1 ft2
square			100 ft2
acre			4840 yd2
homestead		1|4 mi2
quartersection		1|4 mi2
section			mi2
township		36 mi2

/ particle physics
barn			1e-28 m2
shed			1e-24 barn

/ Thai area
tarangwah		wah2
ngan			100 tarangwah
rai			4 ngan

/ ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
/ Volume

/ metric
cc			cm3
liter			kilocc
litre			liter
ml			milliliter
stere			m3

/ US liquid volume 

gallon			231 in3
gal			gallon
quart			1|4 gal
qt			quart
pint			1|2 qt
pt			pint
cup			1|2 pt
gill			1|4 pt
floz			1|16 pt
tablespoon		1|2 floz
teaspoon		1|3 tablespoon
fldr			1|8 floz
minim			1|60 fldr

barrel			42 gal
hogshead		63 gallon
hd			hogshead

noggin			1|8 qt
fifth			4|5 qt
firkin			9 gal
kilderkin		18 gal
pipe			4 barrel
tun			8 barrel

/ US dry volume

dry			268.8025 in3/gallon fuzz

peck			8 dry-quart
pk			peck
bushel			4 peck
bu			bushel
strike			2 bu
sack			3 bu
coomb			4 bu
seam			8 bu
chaldron		36 bushel
wey			40 bu
last			80 bu

cord			128 ft3
cordfoot		cord

/ British volume

imperial		1.20095

brgallon		277.420 in3 fuzz
brquart			1|4 brgallon
brpint			1|2 brquart
brfloz			1|20 brpint
brpeck			554.84 in3 fuzz
brbushel		4 brpeck
cran			37.5 brgallon

/ Bottles

bottle			750 milliliter
/bottle			fifth

miniature		100 milliliter
split			1|4 bottle
half			1|2 bottle
magnum			2 bottle
jeroboam		4 bottle
rehoboam		6 bottle
methuselah		8 bottle
salmanazar		12 bottle
balthazar		16 bottle
nebuchadnezzar		20 bottle
sovereign		34 bottle

/ Bottles - alternate names and spellings

pony			split
fillette		half
tappithen		3 bottle
rheoboam		rehoboam
shalmaneser		salmanazar

/ ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
/ Force

/ SI unit
newton			kg-m/sec2
nt			newton
N			newton

/ metric units
dyne			cm-gm/sec2
sthene			1e+3 nt

/ foot/pound units
lbf			lb g
kip			1000 lbf
poundal			ft-lb/sec2
pdl			poundal

/ ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
/ Pressure

/ SI unit
pascal			nt/m2

/ metric units
bar			1e+5 nt/m2
barie			1e-1 nt/m2
barye			1e-1 nt/m2
pieze			1e+3 nt/m2

/ other
atmosphere		1.01325e+5 nt/m2
atm			atmosphere
psi			lb-g/in2
torr			mm hg

/ ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
/ Energy and work (and power)

joule			nt-m
watt			joule/sec
W			watt

cal			4.1868 joule
calorie			cal
kcal			kilocal
kcalorie		kilocal
frigorie		kilocal

britishthermalunit	1.05506e+3 joule fuzz
btu			britishthermalunit
erg			cm2-gm/sec2
horsepower		550 ft-lb-g/sec
hp			horsepower
therm			1e+5 btu
thermie			1e+6 cal
tnt			4.6e+6 m2/sec2

/ ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
/ Temperature

degC			K
kelvin			K
degF			5|9 degC
degreesrankine		degF
degrankine		degreesrankine
degreerankine		degF
degreaumur		10|8 degC

/ ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
/ Electrical

/ SI units
coulomb			coul
C			coul
ampere			coul/sec
amp			ampere
V			volt
volt			watt/amp
ohm			volt/amp
farad			coul/volt
henry			sec2/farad
weber			volt-sec
tesla			weber/m2

/ special-case abbreviations
mh			millihenry
uf			microfarad
pf			picofarad

/ other
biot			10 amp
debye			3.336e-30 coul-m
faraday			9.652e+4 coul
gamma			1e-9 weber/m2
gauss			1e-4 weber/m2
gilbert			7.95775e-1 amp
kilohm			kiloohm
maxwell			1e-8 weber
megohm			megaohm
mho			/ohm
oersted			2.5e+2 pi-amp/m
oe			oersted
siemens			/ohm
statcoul		1|2.99792458e9 coul
statamp			1|2.99792458e9 amp
statvolt		2.99792458e2 volt
statcoulomb		statcoul
statampere		statamp
/ franklin is an alternate name for statcoulomb
/ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franklin_(unit)
franklin		statcoul

/ ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
/ more energy

eV			e V
ev			e-volt
electronvolt		e-volt
bev			1e+9 e-volt
kev			1e+3 e-volt

rydberg			1.36054e+1 ev

/ ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
/ Radiant intensity (and related phenomena)

/ SI units
cd			candela
lumen			cd sr
lux			cd sr/m2

/ Miscellaneous units
apostilb		cd/pi-m2
blondel			cd/pi-m2
candle			1.02 candela
equivalentfootcandle	lumen/pi-ft2
equivalentlux		lumen/pi-m2
equivalentphot		cd/pi-cm2
footcandle		lumen/ft2
footlambert		cd/pi-ft2
hefnercandle		.92 cd
lambert			cd/pi-cm2
nit			cd/m2
nox			1e-3 lux
phot			lumen/cm2
skot			1e-3 apostilb
stilb			cd/cm2

langley			cal/cm2

/ ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
/ Radioactivity and radiation dosimetry

/ Activity

becquerel		/sec
Bq			becquerel
curie			3.7e+10 /sec
Ci			curie
rutherford		1e+6 /sec

/ Absorbed radiation dose

gray			joule/kg
Gy			gray
rad			100 erg/gm

/ Equivalent radiation dose

sievert			joule/kg
Sv			sievert
rem			1e-2 sievert

/ Legacy radiation dose

roentgen		2.58e-4 coulomb/kg
rontgen			roentgen
R			roentgen

/ ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
/ Currency

/ Wall Street Journal, July 2, 1993

$			dollar
argentinapeso		$
australiadollar		.66 $
bahraindinar		2.6522 $
brazilcruzeiro		.000019 $
britainpound		1.49 $
canadadollar		.77 $
czechkoruna		.034 $
chilepeso		.0025 $
chinarenminbi		.174856 $
colombiapeso		.001495 $
denmarkkrone		.15 $
ecuadorsucre		.000539 $
europeeuro		0.9142 $
greatbritainpound	britainpound
hongkongdollar		.13 $
hungaryforint		.011 $
indiarupee		.03211 $
indonesiarupiah		.0004782 $
israelshekel		.3642 $
japanyen		.0093 $
jordandinar		1.4682 $
kuwaitdinar		3.3173 $
lebanonpound		.000578 $
malaysiaringgit		.338 $
maltalira		2.6042 $
mexicopeso		.3205128 $
newzealanddollar	.539 $
norwaykrone		.139 $
pakistanrupee		.037 $
perunewsol		.5065 $
philippinespeso		.03738 $
polandzloty		.000059 $
saudiarabiariyal	.26702 $
singaporedollar		.6157 $
slovakkoruna		.034 $
southafricarand		.21 $
southkoreawon		.001 $
swedenkrona		.13 $
switzerlandfranc	.66 $
taiwandollar		.038285 $
thailandbaht		.03962 $
turkeylira		.0000929 $
unitedarabdirham	.2723 $
uruguaynewpeso		.246852 $
venezuelabolivar	.011 $

/ The following currencies are locked to the Euro:
/ <URL:http://www.ecb.int/change/conversion.htm>
belgiumfranc		1|40.3399 euro
germanymark		1|1.95583 euro
spainpeseta		1|166.386 euro
francefranc		1|6.55957 euro
irelandpunt		1|.787564 euro
italylira		1|1936.27 euro
luxembourgfranc		1|40.3399 euro
netherlandsguilder	1|2.20371 euro
austriaschilling	1|13.7603 euro
portugalescudo		1|200.482 euro
finlandmarkka		1|5.94573 euro
greecedrachma		1|340.750 euro

mark			germanymark
euro			europeeuro
bolivar			venezuelabolivar
peseta			spainpeseta
rand			southafricarand
escudo			portugalescudo
newsol			perunewsol
guilder			netherlandsguilder
hollandguilder		netherlandsguilder
peso			mexicopeso
yen			japanyen
lira			italylira
rupee			indiarupee
drachma			greecedrachma
franc			francefranc
markka			finlandmarkka
sucre			ecuadorsucre
poundsterling		britainpound
cruzeiro		brazilcruzeiro

buck			dollar
cent			centidollar
fin			5 dollar

/ ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
/ size of data

baud			bit/sec
byte			8 bit
block			512 byte
kbyte			1024 byte
megabyte		1024 kbyte
gigabyte		1024 megabyte
meg			megabyte
gig			gigabyte
terabyte		1024 gigabyte
petabyte		1024 terabyte


/ ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
/ Trivia and miscellaneous units

arpentcan		27.52 mi
arpentlin		191.835 ft
boardfoot		144 in3
bottommeasure		1|40 in
refrigeration		12000 btu/ton-hour
caratgold		1|24
ccs			1|36 erlang
cfs			ft3/sec
circularinch		1|4 pi-in2
circularmil		1e-6|4 pi-in2
clusec			1e-8 mm-hg m3/s
crith			9.06e-2 gm
diopter			/m
displacementton		35 ft3
doppelzentner		100 kg
drop			.03 cm3
galileo			1e-2 m/sec2
imaginarycubicfoot	1.4 ft3
karat			1|24
key			kg
lusec			1e-6 mm-hg m3/s
mgd			megagal/day
minersinch		1.5 ft3/min
mpg			mile/gal
poise			gm/cm-sec
registerton		100 ft3
rhe			10 m2/nt-sec
shippington		40 ft3
stoke			1e-4 m2/sec
timberfoot		ft3
water			gram g / cc
Xunit			1.00202e-13 m

brewster		1e-12 m2/newton
poncelet		100 kg m g / sec
denier			.05|450 gram / m
tex			.001 gram / m
iudiptheria		62.8 microgram
iupenicillin		.6 microgram
iuinsulin		41.67 microgram
cottonyarncount		2520 ft/pound
linenyarncount		900 ft/pound
worstedyarncount	1680 ft/pound
metricyarncount		meter/gram
jewelerspoint		2 milligram