Define __HAVE_ATOMIC_CAS_64_UP and provide __sync_val_compare_and_swap_8

The new santizer code in gcc12 needs this.

libc: Define __atomic_is_lock_free.

Limited to architectures where it is actually needed by gcc for any
calls to stdatomic.h atomic_is_lock_free for now.

We should also add it to other architectures too, along with lockful
atomic r/m/w operations for sizes that can't be handled natively, but
that's a lot more work. It is also necessary for -fno-inline-atomics
but we're missing a lot of other symbols for that too, to be fixed.
For now, this should enable the OpenSSL build to complete on these
architectures again after I reverted a local change.

XXX pullup-10

branches: 1.14.14;
Add missing atomic_and_{8,16}_nv_cas.c for __sync_and_and_fetch_{1,2}.
XXX why is not only atomic_and_* symmetric unlike the others?
(in common/lib/libc/atomic/)

branches: 1.13.16;
Provide C++ 2011 <atomic> support functions for hppa and arm.

branches: 1.12.4;
Add the missing __sync_* ops to libc

Another layout change

Layout changes - no functional change.

Provide _atomic_cas_8_up and _atomic_cas_16_up functions

branches: 1.8.6; 1.8.12;
Tweak layout - no functional change.

The .if conditional crosses a line boundary, so add a backslash.

This fixes the kernel build for hppa.

allow inclusion of atomic ops in librump

Allow atomic ops to be built as part of libpthread.

Provide assembly _atomic_cas_up() as the compiler cannot be trusted to
generate fully restartable code sequences.

branches: 1.3.6;
Only build atomic ops for libkern/libc.

Enable the atomic ops in userspace.

branches: 1.1.4;
Atomic ops for hppa.

branches: 1.4.26;
Copyright

Provide _atomic_cas_8_up and _atomic_cas_16_up functions

branches: 1.2.6; 1.2.12;
Fix RCSId.

branches: 1.1.2;
Provide assembly _atomic_cas_up() as the compiler cannot be trusted to
generate fully restartable code sequences.

Introduce membar_acquire/release. Deprecate membar_enter/exit.

The names membar_enter/exit were unclear, and the documentation of
membar_enter has disagreed with the implementations on sparc,
powerpc, and even x86(!) for the entire time it has been in NetBSD.

The terms `acquire' and `release' are ubiquitous in the literature
today, and have been adopted in the C and C++ standards to mean
load-before-load/store and load/store-before-store, respectively,
which are exactly the orderings required by acquiring and releasing a
mutex, as well as other useful applications like decrementing a
reference count and then freeing the underlying object if it went to
zero.

Originally I proposed changing one word in the documentation for
membar_enter to make it load-before-load/store instead of
store-before-load/store, i.e., to make it an acquire barrier. I
proposed this on the grounds that

(a) all implementations guarantee load-before-load/store,
(b) some implementations fail to guarantee store-before-load/store,
and
(c) all uses in-tree assume load-before-load/store.

I verified parts (a) and (b) (except, for (a), powerpc didn't even
guarantee load-before-load/store -- isync isn't necessarily enough;
need lwsync in general -- but it _almost_ did, and it certainly didn't
guarantee store-before-load/store).

Part (c) might not be correct, however: under the mistaken assumption
that atomic-r/m/w then membar-w/rw is equivalent to atomic-r/m/w then
membar-r/rw, I only audited the cases of membar_enter that _aren't_
immediately after an atomic-r/m/w. All of those cases assume
load-before-load/store. But my assumption was wrong -- there are
cases of atomic-r/m/w then membar-w/rw that would be broken by
changing to atomic-r/m/w then membar-r/rw:

https://mail-index.netbsd.org/tech-kern/2022/03/29/msg028044.html

Furthermore, the name membar_enter has been adopted in other places
like OpenBSD where it actually does follow the documentation and
guarantee store-before-load/store, even if that order is not useful.
So the name membar_enter currently lives in a bad place where it
means either of two things -- r/rw or w/rw.

With this change, we deprecate membar_enter/exit, introduce
membar_acquire/release as better names for the useful pair (r/rw and
rw/w), and make sure the implementation of membar_enter guarantees
both what was documented _and_ what was implemented, making it an
alias for membar_sync.

While here, rework all of the membar_* definitions and aliases. The
new logic follows a rule to make it easier to audit:

membar_X is defined as an alias for membar_Y iff membar_X is
guaranteed by membar_Y.

The `no stronger than' relation is (the transitive closure of):

- membar_consumer (r/r) is guaranteed by membar_acquire (r/rw)
- membar_producer (w/w) is guaranteed by membar_release (rw/w)
- membar_acquire (r/rw) is guaranteed by membar_sync (rw/rw)
- membar_release (rw/w) is guaranteed by membar_sync (rw/rw)

And, for the deprecated membars:

- membar_enter (whether r/rw, w/rw, or rw/rw) is guaranteed by
membar_sync (rw/rw)
- membar_exit (rw/w) is guaranteed by membar_release (rw/w)

(membar_exit is identical to membar_release, but the name is
deprecated.)

Finally, while here, annotate some of the instructions with their
semantics. For powerpc, leave an essay with citations on the
unfortunate but -- as far as I can tell -- necessary decision to use
lwsync, not isync, for membar_acquire and membar_consumer.

Also add membar(3) and atomic(3) man page links.

Nix trailing whitespace in files of membars, atomics, and lock stubs.

Will be touching many of these files soon for functional changes.

No functional change intended.

branches: 1.1.48;
Add an membar_ops.S - not used currently.