| History log of /src/sbin/tunefs/tunefs.8 |
| Revision | | Date | Author | Comments |
| 1.49 |
| 17-Jan-2022 |
christos | update date
|
| 1.48 |
| 17-Jan-2022 |
kim | Move the possible optimize_preference values back under the -o flag
|
| 1.47 |
| 18-Jun-2020 |
wiz | The ACL flag is -p, not -n.
|
| 1.46 |
| 07-Jun-2020 |
wiz | Sort option descriptions.
|
| 1.45 |
| 16-May-2020 |
christos | Add ACL support for FFS. From FreeBSD.
|
| 1.44 |
| 09-Aug-2014 |
wiz | Bump date for previous. New sentence, new line. Use more markup.
Remove superfluous Pp in list.
|
| 1.43 |
| 09-Aug-2014 |
mlelstv | add -S option to adjust the superblock for different sector sizes. While
the kernel ignores this information, userland tools rely on it.
This is needed when moving images between devices of different sector size.
|
| 1.42 |
| 03-Dec-2012 |
wiz | Document how to resize the WAPBL log size.
Based on patch by Edgar Fuß <ef@math.uni-bonn.de>.
|
| 1.41 |
| 08-Apr-2012 |
wiz | branches: 1.41.2;
Remove unnecessary Bk/Ek pairs from SYNOPSIS.
No effective change except where I used the opportunity to sort options
and/or option descriptions.
|
| 1.40 |
| 06-Mar-2011 |
wiz | branches: 1.40.4;
Fix punctuation markup; new sentence, new line.
|
| 1.39 |
| 06-Mar-2011 |
bouyer | merge the bouyer-quota2 branch. This adds a new on-disk format
to store disk quota usage and limits, integrated with ffs
metadata. Usage is checked by fsck_ffs (no more quotacheck)
and is covered by the WAPBL journal. Enabled with kernel
option QUOTA2 (added where QUOTA was enabled in kernel config files),
turned on with tunefs(8) on a per-filesystem
basis. mount_mfs(8) can also turn quotas on.
See http://mail-index.netbsd.org/tech-kern/2011/02/19/msg010025.html
for details.
|
| 1.38 |
| 22-Feb-2009 |
ad | branches: 1.38.2;
PR kern/26878 FFSv2 + softdep = livelock (no free ram)
PR kern/16942 panic with softdep and quotas
PR kern/19565 panic: softdep_write_inodeblock: indirect pointer #1 mismatch
PR kern/26274 softdep panic: allocdirect_merge: ...
PR kern/26374 Long delay before non-root users can write to softdep partitions
PR kern/28621 1.6.x "vp != NULL" panic in ffs_softdep.c:4653 while unmounting a softdep (+quota) filesystem
PR kern/29513 FFS+Softdep panic with unfsck-able file-corruption
PR kern/31544 The ffs softdep code appears to fail to write dirty bits to disk
PR kern/31981 stopping scsi disk can cause panic (softdep)
PR kern/32116 kernel panic in softdep (assertion failure)
PR kern/32532 softdep_trackbufs deadlock
PR kern/37191 softdep: locking against myself
PR kern/40474 Kernel panic after remounting raid root with softdep
Retire softdep, pass 2. As discussed and later formally announced on the
mailing lists.
|
| 1.37 |
| 31-Jul-2008 |
simonb | branches: 1.37.4;
Merge the simonb-wapbl branch. From the original branch commit:
Add Wasabi System's WAPBL (Write Ahead Physical Block Logging)
journaling code. Originally written by Darrin B. Jewell while
at Wasabi and updated to -current by Antti Kantee, Andy Doran,
Greg Oster and Simon Burge.
OK'd by core@, releng@.
|
| 1.36 |
| 20-Dec-2004 |
hubertf | branches: 1.36.26; 1.36.30; 1.36.32;
Add comment that there are strings attached to the fish. Beware!
(Source: http://www.livejournal.com/community/unixhistory/1808.html)
|
| 1.35 |
| 18-Nov-2004 |
hubertf | Remove (wrong?) default for minfree, xref newfs.8 instead.
Suggested by Ignatios.
|
| 1.34 |
| 26-Apr-2004 |
grant | according to newfs(8) and reality, the default minfree value is actually
5%, not 10%. make it so.
|
| 1.33 |
| 07-Aug-2003 |
agc | branches: 1.33.2;
Move UCB-licensed code from 4-clause to 3-clause licence.
Patches provided by Joel Baker in PR 22308, verified by myself.
|
| 1.32 |
| 02-Apr-2003 |
fvdl | Add support for UFS2. UFS2 is an enhanced FFS, adding support for
64 bit block pointers, extended attribute storage, and a few
other things.
This commit does not yet include the code to manipulate the extended
storage (for e.g. ACLs), this will be done later.
Originally written by Kirk McKusick and Network Associates Laboratories for
FreeBSD.
|
| 1.31 |
| 25-Feb-2003 |
wiz | .Nm does not need a dummy argument ("") before punctuation or
for correct formatting of the SYNOPSIS any longer.
|
| 1.30 |
| 21-Dec-2002 |
wiz | dependent only has es, no as; from Adrian Mrva.
|
| 1.29 |
| 16-Nov-2001 |
wiz | Sort sections.
|
| 1.28 |
| 16-Nov-2001 |
wiz | Whitespace nits
|
| 1.27 |
| 09-Nov-2001 |
lukem | Change -F from "special must be a regular file" to "special can be any type,
and don't attempt to do any file name translation (e.g, search in fstab)".
In the non -F case, search for special in fstab. If found, convert fs_spec
to a raw device name. In any case, use opendisk(3) to open the device.
|
| 1.26 |
| 06-Sep-2001 |
lukem | Incorporate the enhanced ffs_dirpref() by Grigoriy Orlov, as found in
FreeBSD (three commits; the initial work, man page updates, and a fix
to ffs_reload()), with the following differences:
- Be consistent between newfs(8) and tunefs(8) as to the options which
set and control the tuning parameters for this work (avgfilesize & avgfpdir)
- Use u_int16_t instead of u_int8_t to keep track of the number of
contiguous directories (suggested by Chuck Silvers)
- Work within our FFS_EI framework
- Ensure that fs->fs_maxclusters and fs->fs_contigdirs don't point to
the same area of memory
The new algorithm has a marked performance increase, especially when
performing tasks such as untarring pkgsrc.tar.gz, etc.
The original FreeBSD commit messages are attached:
=====
mckusick 2001/04/10 01:39:00 PDT
Directory layout preference improvements from Grigoriy Orlov <gluk@ptci.ru>.
His description of the problem and solution follow. My own tests show
speedups on typical filesystem intensive workloads of 5% to 12% which
is very impressive considering the small amount of code change involved.
------
One day I noticed that some file operations run much faster on
small file systems then on big ones. I've looked at the ffs
algorithms, thought about them, and redesigned the dirpref algorithm.
First I want to describe the results of my tests. These results are old
and I have improved the algorithm after these tests were done. Nevertheless
they show how big the perfomance speedup may be. I have done two file/directory
intensive tests on a two OpenBSD systems with old and new dirpref algorithm.
The first test is "tar -xzf ports.tar.gz", the second is "rm -rf ports".
The ports.tar.gz file is the ports collection from the OpenBSD 2.8 release.
It contains 6596 directories and 13868 files. The test systems are:
1. Celeron-450, 128Mb, two IDE drives, the system at wd0, file system for
test is at wd1. Size of test file system is 8 Gb, number of cg=991,
size of cg is 8m, block size = 8k, fragment size = 1k OpenBSD-current
from Dec 2000 with BUFCACHEPERCENT=35
2. PIII-600, 128Mb, two IBM DTLA-307045 IDE drives at i815e, the system
at wd0, file system for test is at wd1. Size of test file system is 40 Gb,
number of cg=5324, size of cg is 8m, block size = 8k, fragment size = 1k
OpenBSD-current from Dec 2000 with BUFCACHEPERCENT=50
You can get more info about the test systems and methods at:
http://www.ptci.ru/gluk/dirpref/old/dirpref.html
Test Results
tar -xzf ports.tar.gz rm -rf ports
mode old dirpref new dirpref speedup old dirprefnew dirpref speedup
First system
normal 667 472 1.41 477 331 1.44
async 285 144 1.98 130 14 9.29
sync 768 616 1.25 477 334 1.43
softdep 413 252 1.64 241 38 6.34
Second system
normal 329 81 4.06 263.5 93.5 2.81
async 302 25.7 11.75 112 2.26 49.56
sync 281 57.0 4.93 263 90.5 2.9
softdep 341 40.6 8.4 284 4.76 59.66
"old dirpref" and "new dirpref" columns give a test time in seconds.
speedup - speed increasement in times, ie. old dirpref / new dirpref.
------
Algorithm description
The old dirpref algorithm is described in comments:
/*
* Find a cylinder to place a directory.
*
* The policy implemented by this algorithm is to select from
* among those cylinder groups with above the average number of
* free inodes, the one with the smallest number of directories.
*/
A new directory is allocated in a different cylinder groups than its
parent directory resulting in a directory tree that is spreaded across
all the cylinder groups. This spreading out results in a non-optimal
access to the directories and files. When we have a small filesystem
it is not a problem but when the filesystem is big then perfomance
degradation becomes very apparent.
What I mean by a big file system ?
1. A big filesystem is a filesystem which occupy 20-30 or more percent
of total drive space, i.e. first and last cylinder are physically
located relatively far from each other.
2. It has a relatively large number of cylinder groups, for example
more cylinder groups than 50% of the buffers in the buffer cache.
The first results in long access times, while the second results in
many buffers being used by metadata operations. Such operations use
cylinder group blocks and on-disk inode blocks. The cylinder group
block (fs->fs_cblkno) contains struct cg, inode and block bit maps.
It is 2k in size for the default filesystem parameters. If new and
parent directories are located in different cylinder groups then the
system performs more input/output operations and uses more buffers.
On filesystems with many cylinder groups, lots of cache buffers are
used for metadata operations.
My solution for this problem is very simple. I allocate many directories
in one cylinder group. I also do some things, so that the new allocation
method does not cause excessive fragmentation and all directory inodes
will not be located at a location far from its file's inodes and data.
The algorithm is:
/*
* Find a cylinder group to place a directory.
*
* The policy implemented by this algorithm is to allocate a
* directory inode in the same cylinder group as its parent
* directory, but also to reserve space for its files inodes
* and data. Restrict the number of directories which may be
* allocated one after another in the same cylinder group
* without intervening allocation of files.
*
* If we allocate a first level directory then force allocation
* in another cylinder group.
*/
My early versions of dirpref give me a good results for a wide range of
file operations and different filesystem capacities except one case:
those applications that create their entire directory structure first
and only later fill this structure with files.
My solution for such and similar cases is to limit a number of
directories which may be created one after another in the same cylinder
group without intervening file creations. For this purpose, I allocate
an array of counters at mount time. This array is linked to the superblock
fs->fs_contigdirs[cg]. Each time a directory is created the counter
increases and each time a file is created the counter decreases. A 60Gb
filesystem with 8mb/cg requires 10kb of memory for the counters array.
The maxcontigdirs is a maximum number of directories which may be created
without an intervening file creation. I found in my tests that the best
performance occurs when I restrict the number of directories in one cylinder
group such that all its files may be located in the same cylinder group.
There may be some deterioration in performance if all the file inodes
are in the same cylinder group as its containing directory, but their
data partially resides in a different cylinder group. The maxcontigdirs
value is calculated to try to prevent this condition. Since there is
no way to know how many files and directories will be allocated later
I added two optimization parameters in superblock/tunefs. They are:
int32_t fs_avgfilesize; /* expected average file size */
int32_t fs_avgfpdir; /* expected # of files per directory */
These parameters have reasonable defaults but may be tweeked for special
uses of a filesystem. They are only necessary in rare cases like better
tuning a filesystem being used to store a squid cache.
I have been using this algorithm for about 3 months. I have done
a lot of testing on filesystems with different capacities, average
filesize, average number of files per directory, and so on. I think
this algorithm has no negative impact on filesystem perfomance. It
works better than the default one in all cases. The new dirpref
will greatly improve untarring/removing/coping of big directories,
decrease load on cvs servers and much more. The new dirpref doesn't
speedup a compilation process, but also doesn't slow it down.
Obtained from: Grigoriy Orlov <gluk@ptci.ru>
=====
=====
iedowse 2001/04/23 17:37:17 PDT
Pre-dirpref versions of fsck may zero out the new superblock fields
fs_contigdirs, fs_avgfilesize and fs_avgfpdir. This could cause
panics if these fields were zeroed while a filesystem was mounted
read-only, and then remounted read-write.
Add code to ffs_reload() which copies the fs_contigdirs pointer
from the previous superblock, and reinitialises fs_avgf* if necessary.
Reviewed by: mckusick
=====
=====
nik 2001/04/10 03:36:44 PDT
Add information about the new options to newfs and tunefs which set the
expected average file size and number of files per directory. Could do
with some fleshing out.
=====
|
| 1.25 |
| 03-Sep-2001 |
lukem | comment the commenting-out, to reduce confusion
|
| 1.24 |
| 03-Sep-2001 |
lukem | - rename option `-t trackskew' to `-k trackskew', for consistency with newfs(8)
- add CHANGEVAL() macro, which does the hard work of changing a parameter
- sort options in usage()
- use .ig [ ... ] .. to comment out sections of man pages (instead
of .\" at the start of each line
|
| 1.23 |
| 19-Aug-2001 |
lukem | - add -F; indicates "special" is a file system image in a regular file
- reorder "special" validation to after option parsing
- use getopt(3) instead of homegrown code
- add getnum() to parse and validate a number
- clean up man page
- ansi KNF, WARNS=2
|
| 1.22 |
| 05-Jun-2001 |
wiz | Drop arguments of .Os.
|
| 1.21 |
| 05-Mar-2001 |
aymeric | Move reference to article on soft-updates from tunefs.8 to mount_ffs.8
OK'd by Ignatios.
|
| 1.20 |
| 15-Jun-2000 |
fvdl | branches: 1.20.2;
Disable (unifdef for now) tunefs -n <disable|enable>, this is done via
a mount option now.
|
| 1.19 |
| 27-Apr-2000 |
nathanw | branches: 1.19.2;
Finish describing what the soft dependancy code does.
Add a reference to the McKusick/Ganger Usenix paper.
Addresses PR#8838.
|
| 1.18 |
| 30-Mar-2000 |
jdolecek | State the possible values of optimize_prefernce in description of
-o flag. Fixes bin/9706.
|
| 1.17 |
| 28-Jan-2000 |
wiz | reorder long descriptions for arguments to be in alphabetical order.
XXX: shouldn't 'enable' and 'disable' for -n be marked up in some way?
|
| 1.16 |
| 15-Nov-1999 |
fvdl | Fix typo.
|
| 1.15 |
| 15-Nov-1999 |
fvdl | Update for soft updates code.
|
| 1.14 |
| 07-Mar-1999 |
mycroft | branches: 1.14.4; 1.14.8;
Clean up SYNOPSIS formatting.
|
| 1.13 |
| 20-Oct-1997 |
enami | Fix .Nm usage.
|
| 1.12 |
| 16-Sep-1997 |
lukem | resolve conflicts from lite-2 merge
|
| 1.11 |
| 15-Sep-1997 |
lukem | * fix .Nm usage
* prototype main() to pass WARNS=1
|
| 1.10 |
| 27-Dec-1996 |
mikel | oops, missed a comma.
|
| 1.9 |
| 26-Dec-1996 |
mikel | eliminate obsolete references to mkfs(8);
from Klaus Klein <kleink@layla.inka.de>
|
| 1.8 |
| 18-Mar-1995 |
cgd | convert to new RCS Id conventions; reduce my headache
|
| 1.7 |
| 08-Jun-1994 |
mycroft | Update from 4.4-Lite, with local changes.
|
| 1.6 |
| 20-Apr-1994 |
cgd | back to 10%, per mkm
|
| 1.5 |
| 12-Apr-1994 |
cgd | documentation, general cleanup. ick.
|
| 1.4 |
| 01-Aug-1993 |
mycroft | Add RCS indentifiers.
|
| 1.3 |
| 23-Mar-1993 |
cgd | changed "Id" to "Header" for rcsids
|
| 1.2 |
| 22-Mar-1993 |
cgd | added rcs ids to all files
|
| 1.1 |
| 21-Mar-1993 |
cgd | branches: 1.1.1;
Initial revision
|
| 1.1.1.3 |
| 16-Sep-1997 |
lukem | imported from lite-2
|
| 1.1.1.2 |
| 13-Jun-1994 |
mycroft | Import 4.4-Lite version.
|
| 1.1.1.1 |
| 21-Mar-1993 |
cgd | initial import of 386bsd-0.1 sources
|
| 1.14.8.1 |
| 27-Dec-1999 |
wrstuden | Pull up to last week's -current.
|
| 1.14.4.1 |
| 19-Oct-1999 |
fvdl | Bring in Kirk McKusick's FFS softdep code on a branch.
|
| 1.19.2.1 |
| 22-Jun-2000 |
minoura | Sync w/ netbsd-1-5-base.
|
| 1.20.2.2 |
| 25-Nov-2001 |
he | Pull up revision 1.26 (requested by lukem):
Pull in enhanced ffs_dirpref() algorithm, which provides a
substantial performance improvement through better locality
between parent/child directories and their files, and by easing
the pressure on the buffer cache for metadata operations.
|
| 1.20.2.1 |
| 25-Nov-2001 |
he | Pull up revisions 1.23-1.25 (requested by lukem):
Add ``-F'' option, and rename ``-t'' option to ``-k''.
|
| 1.33.2.1 |
| 29-Apr-2004 |
jmc | Pullup rev 1.34 (requested by grant in ticket #208)
According to newfs(8) and reality, the default minfree value is actually
5%, not 10%.
|
| 1.36.32.2 |
| 28-Jul-2008 |
simonb | A wapbl(8) should be a wapbl(4).
Found by wizd.
|
| 1.36.32.1 |
| 28-Jul-2008 |
simonb | Add support for creating a WAPBL log in the filesystem. Will
create an in-filesystem log on first "mount -o log" if one doesn't
exist, and will then continue to use same log in the future. See
(soon to be added) wapbl(4) for more info.
Adds a new B_CONTIG low-level allocation flag that uses hints in
"struct ffs_inode_ext" to lay out an ffs file's data contiguously.
Thanks to Greg Oster for helping with the design of this and to
Antti Kantee for code review and suggestions.
|
| 1.36.30.1 |
| 18-Sep-2008 |
wrstuden | Sync with wrstuden-revivesa-base-2.
|
| 1.36.26.1 |
| 28-Sep-2008 |
mjf | Sync with HEAD.
|
| 1.37.4.1 |
| 13-May-2009 |
jym | Sync with HEAD.
Third (and last) commit. See http://mail-index.netbsd.org/source-changes/2009/05/13/msg221222.html
|
| 1.38.2.1 |
| 20-Jan-2011 |
bouyer | Snapshot of work in progress on a modernised disk quota system:
- new quotactl syscall (versionned for backward compat), which takes
as parameter a path to a mount point, and a prop_dictionary
(in plistref format) describing commands and arguments.
For each command, status and data are returned as a prop_dictionary.
quota commands features will be added to take advantage of this,
exporting quota data or getting quota commands as plists.
- new on disk-format storage (all 64bit wide), integrated to metadata for
ffs (and playing nicely with wapbl).
Quotas are enabled on a ffs filesystem via superblock flags.
tunefs(8) can enable or disable quotas.
On a quota-enabled filesystem, fsck_ffs(8) will track per-uid/gid
block and inode usages, and will check and update quotas in Pass 6.
quota usage and limits are stored in unliked files (one for users,
one for groups)l fsck_ffs(8) will create the files if needed, or
free them if needed. This means that after enabling or disabling
quotas on a filesystem; a fsck_ffs(8) run is required.
quotacheck(8) is not needed any more, on a unclean shutdown
fsck or journal replay will take care of fixing quotas.
newfs(8) can create a ready-to-mount quota-enabled filesystem
(superblock flags are set and quota inodes are created).
Other new features or semantic changes:
- default quota datas, applied to users or groups which don't already
have a quota entry
- per-user/group grace time (instead of a filesystem global one)
- 0 really means "nothing allowed at all", not "no limit".
If you want "no limit", set the limit to UQUAD_MAX (tools will
understand "unlimited" and "-")
A quota file is structured as follow:
it starts with a header, containing a few per-filesystem values,
and the default quota limits.
Quota entries are linked together as a simple list, each entry has a
pointer (as an offset withing the file) to the next.
The header has a pointer to a list of free quota entries, and
a hash table of in-use entries. The size of the hash table depends
on the filesystem block size (header+hash table should fit in the
first block). The file is not sparse and is a multiple of
filesystem block size (when the free quota entry list is empty a new
filesystem block is allocated). quota entries to not cross
filesystem block boundaries.
In memory, the kernel keeps a cache of recently used quota entries
as a reference to the block number, and offset withing the block.
The quota entry itself is keept in the buf cache.
fsck_ffs(8), tunefs(8) and newfs(8) supports are completed (with
related atf tests :)
The kernel can update disk usage and report it via quotactl(2).
Todo: enforce quotas limits (limits are not checked by kernel yet)
update repquota, edquota and rpc.rquotad to the new world
implement compat_50_quotactl ioctl.
update quotactl(2) man page
fsck_ffs required fixes so that allocating new blocks or inodes will
properly update the superblock and cg sumaries. This was not an issue up
to now because superblock and cg sumaries check happened last, but now
allocations or frees can happen in pass 6.
|
| 1.40.4.2 |
| 16-Jan-2013 |
yamt | sync with (a bit old) head
|
| 1.40.4.1 |
| 17-Apr-2012 |
yamt | sync with head
|
| 1.41.2.2 |
| 20-Aug-2014 |
tls | Rebase to HEAD as of a few days ago.
|
| 1.41.2.1 |
| 25-Feb-2013 |
tls | resync with head
|
