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History log of /src/usr.bin/netstat/vtw.c
RevisionDateAuthorComments
 1.13  01-Sep-2022  msaitoh KNF. No functional change.
 1.12  30-Oct-2021  nia netstat(1): convert malloc(x * y) and realloc(x * y) to reallocarr
 1.11  02-Mar-2021  simonb Don't show any of the completely and utterly undocumented VTW info if
the feature isn't enabled (by checking net.inet.tcp.vtw.enable).
 1.10  03-May-2018  maxv branches: 1.10.4;
Remove now unused tcpip.h includes. Some were already unused before.
 1.9  29-Feb-2016  christos branches: 1.9.8; 1.9.14;
PR/50873: David Binderman: use logical or instead of arithmetic
 1.8  16-Jun-2015  christos fix some error handling.
 1.7  18-Oct-2013  christos - avoid pointer gymnastics
- remove unused variables
 1.6  11-May-2011  drochner branches: 1.6.4; 1.6.10;
use getmicrouptime(9) rather than microtime(9) for TIME_WAIT duration
calculation, because this doesn't get confused by system time changes,
and uses less CPU cycles
reviewed by dyoung
 1.5  10-May-2011  enami Use ptrdiff_t to hold pointer difference to avoid coredump on LP64 system.
 1.4  04-May-2011  pgoyette Use %zx for _both_ size_t formats!
 1.3  04-May-2011  dyoung On second thought, make a more conservative change: use %zx instead of
%x for size_t.
 1.2  04-May-2011  dyoung Use %zu format for size_t instead of %x.
 1.1  03-May-2011  dyoung Reduces the resources demanded by TCP sessions in TIME_WAIT-state using
methods called Vestigial Time-Wait (VTW) and Maximum Segment Lifetime
Truncation (MSLT).

MSLT and VTW were contributed by Coyote Point Systems, Inc.

Even after a TCP session enters the TIME_WAIT state, its corresponding
socket and protocol control blocks (PCBs) stick around until the TCP
Maximum Segment Lifetime (MSL) expires. On a host whose workload
necessarily creates and closes down many TCP sockets, the sockets & PCBs
for TCP sessions in TIME_WAIT state amount to many megabytes of dead
weight in RAM.

Maximum Segment Lifetimes Truncation (MSLT) assigns each TCP session to
a class based on the nearness of the peer. Corresponding to each class
is an MSL, and a session uses the MSL of its class. The classes are
loopback (local host equals remote host), local (local host and remote
host are on the same link/subnet), and remote (local host and remote
host communicate via one or more gateways). Classes corresponding to
nearer peers have lower MSLs by default: 2 seconds for loopback, 10
seconds for local, 60 seconds for remote. Loopback and local sessions
expire more quickly when MSLT is used.

Vestigial Time-Wait (VTW) replaces a TIME_WAIT session's PCB/socket
dead weight with a compact representation of the session, called a
"vestigial PCB". VTW data structures are designed to be very fast and
memory-efficient: for fast insertion and lookup of vestigial PCBs,
the PCBs are stored in a hash table that is designed to minimize the
number of cacheline visits per lookup/insertion. The memory both
for vestigial PCBs and for elements of the PCB hashtable come from
fixed-size pools, and linked data structures exploit this to conserve
memory by representing references with a narrow index/offset from the
start of a pool instead of a pointer. When space for new vestigial PCBs
runs out, VTW makes room by discarding old vestigial PCBs, oldest first.
VTW cooperates with MSLT.

It may help to think of VTW as a "FIN cache" by analogy to the SYN
cache.

A 2.8-GHz Pentium 4 running a test workload that creates TIME_WAIT
sessions as fast as it can is approximately 17% idle when VTW is active
versus 0% idle when VTW is inactive. It has 103 megabytes more free RAM
when VTW is active (approximately 64k vestigial PCBs are created) than
when it is inactive.
 1.6.10.1  20-Aug-2014  tls Rebase to HEAD as of a few days ago.
 1.6.4.1  22-May-2014  yamt sync with head.

for a reference, the tree before this commit was tagged
as yamt-pagecache-tag8.

this commit was splitted into small chunks to avoid
a limitation of cvs. ("Protocol error: too many arguments")
 1.9.14.1  21-May-2018  pgoyette Sync with HEAD
 1.9.8.1  12-Sep-2022  martin Pull up the following, requested by msaitoh in ticket #1762:

usr.bin/netstat/atalk.c 1.18,1.20-1.21
usr.bin/netstat/bpf.c 1.16 via patch
usr.bin/netstat/fast_ipsec.c 1.24 via patch
usr.bin/netstat/if.c 1.97-1.99,1.101-1.104 via patch
usr.bin/netstat/inet.c 1.111,1.115-1.116 via patch
usr.bin/netstat/inet6.c 1.70,1.74-1.75,1.80-1.81 via patch
usr.bin/netstat/main.c 1.100,1.102-1.103
usr.bin/netstat/mbuf.c 1.34-1.35
usr.bin/netstat/mroute.c 1.26-1.27
usr.bin/netstat/mroute6.c 1.16
usr.bin/netstat/netstat.h 1.52-1.53
usr.bin/netstat/pfkey.c 1.4-1.5 via patch
usr.bin/netstat/pfsync.c 1.4-1.5 via patch
usr.bin/netstat/route.c 1.87-1.88
usr.bin/netstat/unix.c 1.36-1.37
usr.bin/netstat/vtw.c 1.11,1.13

- Add names of a few more ICMPv6 messages.
Also make the array be explicitly 256 entries long.
- sprintf() -> snprintf(), and adjust a buffer size to avoid any
potential for overflow.
- Add missing {IP,IP6}_STAT_NOIPSEC to netstat.
- Don't show any of the completely and utterly undocumented VTW info
if the feature isn't enabled.
- Print oqdrops correctly.
- netstat.1: Add various xrefs present in the body to "See Also".
- Limit maximum owner name to appease gcc.
- KNF. Style fixes.
 1.10.4.1  12-Sep-2022  martin Pull up the following, requested by msaitoh in ticket #1522:

usr.bin/netstat/atalk.c 1.18,1.20-1.21
usr.bin/netstat/bpf.c 1.16 via patch
usr.bin/netstat/fast_ipsec.c 1.24
usr.bin/netstat/if.c 1.97-1.99,1.101-1.104 via patch
usr.bin/netstat/inet.c 1.111,1.115-1.116 via patch
usr.bin/netstat/inet6.c 1.74-1.75,1.80-1.81 via patch
usr.bin/netstat/main.c 1.100-1.103
usr.bin/netstat/mbuf.c 1.35
usr.bin/netstat/mroute.c 1.26-1.27
usr.bin/netstat/mroute6.c 1.16
usr.bin/netstat/netstat.h 1.52-1.53
usr.bin/netstat/pfkey.c 1.4-1.5 via patch
usr.bin/netstat/pfsync.c 1.4-1.5 via patch
usr.bin/netstat/route.c 1.86-1.88
usr.bin/netstat/unix.c 1.36-1.37
usr.bin/netstat/vtw.c 1.11,1.13

- sprintf() -> snprintf(), and adjust a buffer size to avoid any
potential for overflow.
- Fix netstat -rs to print it correctly.
- Add missing {IP,IP6}_STAT_NOIPSEC to netstat.
- Don't show any of the completely and utterly undocumented VTW info
if the feature isn't enabled.
- Print oqdrops correctly.
- Remove Network ATM soft intr queue reporting, we don't have that
in the kernel anymore.
- netstat.1: Add various xrefs present in the body to "See Also".
- KNF. Style fixes.

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