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      1 /*	$NetBSD: pmap_bootstrap.c,v 1.48 2026/04/05 14:35:48 thorpej Exp $	*/
      2 
      3 /*
      4  * Copyright (c) 1991, 1993
      5  *	The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.
      6  *
      7  * This code is derived from software contributed to Berkeley by
      8  * the Systems Programming Group of the University of Utah Computer
      9  * Science Department.
     10  *
     11  * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
     12  * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
     13  * are met:
     14  * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
     15  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
     16  * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
     17  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
     18  *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
     19  * 3. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
     20  *    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
     21  *    without specific prior written permission.
     22  *
     23  * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
     24  * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
     25  * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
     26  * ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
     27  * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
     28  * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
     29  * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
     30  * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
     31  * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
     32  * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
     33  * SUCH DAMAGE.
     34  *
     35  *	@(#)pmap_bootstrap.c	8.1 (Berkeley) 6/10/93
     36  */
     37 
     38 #include <sys/cdefs.h>
     39 __KERNEL_RCSID(0, "$NetBSD: pmap_bootstrap.c,v 1.48 2026/04/05 14:35:48 thorpej Exp $");
     40 
     41 #include "opt_m68k_arch.h"
     42 
     43 #include <sys/param.h>
     44 #include <uvm/uvm_extern.h>
     45 
     46 #include <machine/cpu.h>
     47 #include <machine/pte.h>
     48 #include <machine/vmparam.h>
     49 
     50 #define RELOC(v, t)	*((t*)((uintptr_t)&(v) + firstpa))
     51 
     52 extern char *etext;
     53 
     54 extern vaddr_t kernel_reloc_offset;
     55 
     56 /*
     57  * Special purpose kernel virtual addresses, used for mapping
     58  * physical pages for a variety of temporary or permanent purposes:
     59  *
     60  *	CADDR1, CADDR2:	pmap zero/copy operations
     61  *	vmmap:		/dev/mem, crash dumps, parity error checking
     62  *	msgbufaddr:	kernel message buffer
     63  */
     64 void *CADDR1, *CADDR2;
     65 char *vmmap;
     66 extern void *msgbufaddr;
     67 
     68 paddr_t pmap_bootstrap1(paddr_t, paddr_t);
     69 
     70 /*
     71  * Bootstrap the VM system.
     72  *
     73  * Called with MMU off so we must relocate all global references by `firstpa'
     74  * (don't call any functions here!)  `nextpa' is the first available physical
     75  * memory address.  Returns an updated first PA reflecting the memory we
     76  * have allocated.  MMU is still off when we return.
     77  *
     78  * XXX assumes sizeof(u_int) == sizeof(pt_entry_t)
     79  * XXX a PIC compiler would make this much easier.
     80  */
     81 paddr_t __attribute__((no_instrument_function))
     82 pmap_bootstrap1(paddr_t nextpa, paddr_t firstpa)
     83 {
     84 	paddr_t lwp0upa, kstpa, kptmpa, kptpa;
     85 	u_int nptpages, kstsize;
     86 	st_entry_t protoste, *ste, *este;
     87 	pt_entry_t protopte, *pte, *epte;
     88 #if defined(M68040)
     89 	u_int stfree = 0;	/* XXX: gcc -Wuninitialized */
     90 #endif
     91 
     92 	nextpa = m68k_round_page(nextpa);
     93 
     94 	/*
     95 	 * Calculate important physical addresses:
     96 	 *
     97 	 *	lwp0upa		lwp0 u-area		UPAGES pages
     98 	 *
     99 	 *	kstpa		kernel segment table	1 page (!040)
    100 	 *						N pages (040)
    101 	 *
    102 	 *	kptmpa		kernel PT map		1 page
    103 	 *
    104 	 *	kptpa		statically allocated
    105 	 *			kernel PT pages		Sysptsize+ pages
    106 	 *
    107 	 * The KVA corresponding to any of these PAs is:
    108 	 *	(PA - firstpa + KERNBASE).
    109 	 */
    110 	RELOC(kernel_reloc_offset, vaddr_t) = firstpa;
    111 
    112 	lwp0upa = nextpa;
    113 	nextpa += USPACE;
    114 	if (RELOC(mmutype, int) == MMU_68040)
    115 		kstsize = MAXKL2SIZE / (NPTEPG/SG4_LEV2SIZE);
    116 	else
    117 		kstsize = 1;
    118 	kstpa = nextpa;
    119 	nextpa += kstsize * PAGE_SIZE;
    120 	kptmpa = nextpa;
    121 	nextpa += PAGE_SIZE;
    122 	kptpa = nextpa;
    123 	nptpages = RELOC(Sysptsize, int) +
    124 	    howmany(RELOC(physmem, psize_t), NPTEPG);
    125 	nextpa += nptpages * PAGE_SIZE;
    126 
    127 	/*
    128 	 * Initialize segment table and kernel page table map.
    129 	 *
    130 	 * On 68030s and earlier MMUs the two are identical except for
    131 	 * the valid bits so both are initialized with essentially the
    132 	 * same values.  On the 68040, which has a mandatory 3-level
    133 	 * structure, the segment table holds the level 1 table and part
    134 	 * (or all) of the level 2 table and hence is considerably
    135 	 * different.  Here the first level consists of 128 descriptors
    136 	 * (512 bytes) each mapping 32mb of address space.  Each of these
    137 	 * points to blocks of 128 second level descriptors (512 bytes)
    138 	 * each mapping 256kb.  Note that there may be additional "segment
    139 	 * table" pages depending on how large MAXKL2SIZE is.
    140 	 *
    141 	 * Portions of the last segment of KVA space (0x3FC00000 -
    142 	 * 0x3FFFFFFF) are mapped for the kernel page tables.
    143 	 *
    144 	 * The rest of KVA space (0x40000000 - 0xFFFFFFFF) is mapped
    145 	 * by tt0/tt1 registers for device I/O in locore.s.
    146 	 *
    147 	 * XXX cramming two levels of mapping into the single "segment"
    148 	 * table on the 68040 is intended as a temporary hack to get things
    149 	 * working.  The 224mb of address space that this allows will most
    150 	 * likely be insufficient in the future (at least for the kernel).
    151 	 */
    152 #if defined(M68040)
    153 	if (RELOC(mmutype, int) == MMU_68040) {
    154 		int nl1desc, nl2desc, i;
    155 
    156 		/*
    157 		 * First invalidate the entire "segment table" pages
    158 		 * (levels 1 and 2 have the same "invalid" value).
    159 		 */
    160 		ste = (st_entry_t *)kstpa;
    161 		este = &ste[kstsize * NPTEPG];
    162 		while (ste < este)
    163 			*ste++ = SG_NV;
    164 		/*
    165 		 * Initialize level 2 descriptors (which immediately
    166 		 * follow the level 1 table).  We need:
    167 		 *	NPTEPG / SG4_LEV3SIZE
    168 		 * level 2 descriptors to map each of the nptpages
    169 		 * pages of PTEs.  Note that we set the "used" bit
    170 		 * now to save the HW the expense of doing it.
    171 		 */
    172 		nl2desc = nptpages * (NPTEPG / SG4_LEV3SIZE);
    173 		ste = (st_entry_t *)kstpa;
    174 		ste = &ste[SG4_LEV1SIZE];
    175 		este = &ste[nl2desc];
    176 		protoste = kptpa | SG_U | SG_RW | SG_V;
    177 		while (ste < este) {
    178 			*ste++ = protoste;
    179 			protoste += (SG4_LEV3SIZE * sizeof(st_entry_t));
    180 		}
    181 		/*
    182 		 * Initialize level 1 descriptors.  We need:
    183 		 *	howmany(nl2desc, SG4_LEV2SIZE)
    184 		 * level 1 descriptors to map the `nl2desc' level 2's.
    185 		 */
    186 		nl1desc = howmany(nl2desc, SG4_LEV2SIZE);
    187 		ste = (st_entry_t *)kstpa;
    188 		este = &ste[nl1desc];
    189 		protoste = (paddr_t)&ste[SG4_LEV1SIZE] | SG_U | SG_RW | SG_V;
    190 		while (ste < este) {
    191 			*ste++ = protoste;
    192 			protoste += (SG4_LEV2SIZE * sizeof(st_entry_t));
    193 		}
    194 		/*
    195 		 * Initialize the level 1 descriptor correspond to
    196 		 * SYSMAP_VA to map the last block of level 2 descriptors.
    197 		 */
    198 		ste = (st_entry_t *)kstpa;
    199 		ste = &ste[SYSMAP_VA >> SG4_SHIFT1];
    200 		*ste = protoste;
    201 		/*
    202 		 * Now initialize the portion of that block of
    203 		 * descriptors to map Sysptmap.
    204 		 */
    205 		i = SG4_LEV1SIZE + (nl1desc * SG4_LEV2SIZE);
    206 		ste = (st_entry_t *)kstpa;
    207 		ste = &ste[i + ((SYSMAP_VA & SG4_MASK2) >> SG4_SHIFT2)];
    208 		este = &ste[NPTEPG / SG4_LEV3SIZE];
    209 		protoste = kptmpa | SG_U | SG_RW | SG_V;
    210 		while (ste < este) {
    211 			*ste++ = protoste;
    212 			protoste += (SG4_LEV3SIZE * sizeof(st_entry_t));
    213 		}
    214 		/*
    215 		 * Calculate the free level 2 descriptor mask
    216 		 * noting that we have used:
    217 		 *	0:		level 1 table
    218 		 *	1 to nl1desc:	map page tables
    219 		 *	nl1desc + 1:	maps kptmpa and last-page page table
    220 		 */
    221 		/* mark an entry for level 1 table */
    222 		stfree = ~l2tobm(0);
    223 		/* mark entries for map page tables */
    224 		for (i = 1; i <= nl1desc; i++)
    225 			stfree &= ~l2tobm(i);
    226 		/* mark an entry for kptmpa */
    227 		stfree &= ~l2tobm(i);
    228 		/* mark entries not available */
    229 		for (i = MAXKL2SIZE; i < sizeof(stfree) * NBBY; i++)
    230 			stfree &= ~l2tobm(i);
    231 
    232 		/*
    233 		 * Initialize Sysptmap
    234 		 */
    235 		pte = (pt_entry_t *)kptmpa;
    236 		epte = &pte[nptpages];
    237 		protopte = kptpa | PG_RW | PG_CI | PG_V;
    238 		while (pte < epte) {
    239 			*pte++ = protopte;
    240 			protopte += PAGE_SIZE;
    241 		}
    242 		/*
    243 		 * Invalidate all remaining entries.
    244 		 */
    245 		epte = (pt_entry_t *)kptmpa;
    246 		epte = &epte[TIB_SIZE];
    247 		while (pte < epte) {
    248 			*pte++ = PG_NV;
    249 		}
    250 		/*
    251 		 * Initialize the one corresponding SYSMAP_VA
    252 		 * to point to Sysptmap.
    253 		 */
    254 		pte = (pt_entry_t *)kptmpa;
    255 		pte = &pte[SYSMAP_VA >> SEGSHIFT];
    256 		*pte = kptmpa | PG_RW | PG_CI | PG_V;
    257 	} else
    258 #endif
    259 	{
    260 		/*
    261 		 * Map the page table pages in both the HW segment table
    262 		 * and the software Sysptmap.
    263 		 */
    264 		ste = (st_entry_t *)kstpa;
    265 		pte = (pt_entry_t *)kptmpa;
    266 		epte = &pte[nptpages];
    267 		protoste = kptpa | SG_RW | SG_V;
    268 		protopte = kptpa | PG_RW | PG_CI | PG_V;
    269 		while (pte < epte) {
    270 			*ste++ = protoste;
    271 			*pte++ = protopte;
    272 			protoste += PAGE_SIZE;
    273 			protopte += PAGE_SIZE;
    274 		}
    275 		/*
    276 		 * Invalidate all remaining entries in both.
    277 		 */
    278 		este = (st_entry_t *)kstpa;
    279 		este = &este[TIA_SIZE];
    280 		while (ste < este)
    281 			*ste++ = SG_NV;
    282 		epte = (pt_entry_t *)kptmpa;
    283 		epte = &epte[TIB_SIZE];
    284 		while (pte < epte)
    285 			*pte++ = PG_NV;
    286 		/*
    287 		 * Initialize the one corresponding to SYSMAP_VA
    288 		 * to point to Sysptmap.
    289 		 */
    290 		ste = (st_entry_t *)kstpa;
    291 		ste = &ste[SYSMAP_VA >> SEGSHIFT];
    292 		pte = (pt_entry_t *)kptmpa;
    293 		pte = &pte[SYSMAP_VA >> SEGSHIFT];
    294 		*ste = kptmpa | SG_RW | SG_V;
    295 		*pte = kptmpa | PG_RW | PG_CI | PG_V;
    296 	}
    297 
    298 	/*
    299 	 * Initialize kernel page table.
    300 	 * Start by invalidating the `nptpages' that we have allocated.
    301 	 */
    302 	pte = (pt_entry_t *)kptpa;
    303 	epte = &pte[nptpages * NPTEPG];
    304 	while (pte < epte)
    305 		*pte++ = PG_NV;
    306 	/*
    307 	 * Validate PTEs for kernel text (RO).
    308 	 */
    309 	pte = (pt_entry_t *)kptpa;
    310 	pte = &pte[m68k_btop(KERNBASE)];
    311 	epte = &pte[m68k_btop(m68k_trunc_page(&etext))];
    312 	protopte = firstpa | PG_RO | PG_V;
    313 	while (pte < epte) {
    314 		*pte++ = protopte;
    315 		protopte += PAGE_SIZE;
    316 	}
    317 	/*
    318 	 * Validate PTEs for kernel data/bss, dynamic data allocated
    319 	 * by us so far (kstpa - firstpa bytes), and pages for lwp0
    320 	 * u-area and page table allocated below (RW).
    321 	 */
    322 	epte = (pt_entry_t *)kptpa;
    323 	epte = &epte[m68k_btop(kstpa - firstpa)];
    324 	protopte = (protopte & ~PG_PROT) | PG_RW;
    325 	/*
    326 	 * Enable copy-back caching of data pages
    327 	 */
    328 	if (RELOC(mmutype, int) == MMU_68040)
    329 		protopte |= PG_CCB;
    330 	while (pte < epte) {
    331 		*pte++ = protopte;
    332 		protopte += PAGE_SIZE;
    333 	}
    334 	/*
    335 	 * Map the kernel segment table cache invalidated for 68040/68060.
    336 	 * (for the 68040 not strictly necessary, but recommended by Motorola;
    337 	 *  for the 68060 mandatory)
    338 	 */
    339 	epte = (pt_entry_t *)kptpa;
    340 	epte = &epte[m68k_btop(nextpa - firstpa)];
    341 	protopte = (protopte & ~PG_PROT) | PG_RW;
    342 #if defined(M68040)
    343 	if (RELOC(mmutype, int) == MMU_68040) {
    344 		protopte &= ~PG_CCB;
    345 		protopte |= PG_CIN;
    346 	}
    347 #endif
    348 	while (pte < epte) {
    349 		*pte++ = protopte;
    350 		protopte += PAGE_SIZE;
    351 	}
    352 
    353 	/*
    354 	 * Finally, validate the internal IO space PTEs (RW+CI).
    355 	 */
    356 
    357 #define	PTE2VA(pte)	m68k_ptob(pte - ((pt_entry_t *)kptpa))
    358 
    359 	RELOC(virtual_avail, vaddr_t) = PTE2VA(pte);
    360 
    361 	/*
    362 	 * Calculate important exported kernel addresses and related values.
    363 	 */
    364 	/*
    365 	 * Sysseg: base of kernel segment table
    366 	 */
    367 	RELOC(Sysseg, st_entry_t *) = (st_entry_t *)(kstpa - firstpa);
    368 	RELOC(Sysseg_pa, paddr_t) = kstpa;
    369 #if defined(M68040)
    370 	if (RELOC(mmutype, int) == MMU_68040)
    371 		RELOC(protostfree, u_int) = stfree;
    372 #endif
    373 	/*
    374 	 * Sysptmap: base of kernel page table map
    375 	 */
    376 	RELOC(Sysptmap, pt_entry_t *) = (pt_entry_t *)(kptmpa - firstpa);
    377 	/*
    378 	 * Sysmap: kernel page table (as mapped through Sysptmap)
    379 	 * Allocated at the end of KVA space.
    380 	 */
    381 	RELOC(Sysmap, pt_entry_t *) = (pt_entry_t *)SYSMAP_VA;
    382 
    383 	/*
    384 	 * Remember the u-area address so it can be loaded in the lwp0
    385 	 * via uvm_lwp_setuarea() later in pmap_bootstrap2().
    386 	 */
    387 	RELOC(lwp0uarea, vaddr_t) = lwp0upa - firstpa;
    388 
    389 	RELOC(virtual_end, vaddr_t) = VM_MAX_KERNEL_ADDRESS;
    390 
    391 	/*
    392 	 * Allocate some fixed, special purpose kernel virtual addresses
    393 	 */
    394 	{
    395 		vaddr_t va = RELOC(virtual_avail, vaddr_t);
    396 
    397 		RELOC(CADDR1, void *) = (void *)va;
    398 		va += PAGE_SIZE;
    399 		RELOC(CADDR2, void *) = (void *)va;
    400 		va += PAGE_SIZE;
    401 		RELOC(vmmap, void *) = (void *)va;
    402 		va += PAGE_SIZE;
    403 		RELOC(msgbufaddr, void *) = (void *)va;
    404 		va += m68k_round_page(MSGBUFSIZE);
    405 		RELOC(virtual_avail, vaddr_t) = va;
    406 	}
    407 
    408 	return nextpa;
    409 }
    410