1 /* $NetBSD: newfs_ext2fs.c,v 1.11 2022/04/16 18:15:21 andvar Exp $ */ 2 3 /* 4 * Copyright (c) 1983, 1989, 1993, 1994 5 * The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved. 6 * 7 * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without 8 * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions 9 * are met: 10 * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright 11 * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. 12 * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright 13 * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the 14 * documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution. 15 * 3. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors 16 * may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software 17 * without specific prior written permission. 18 * 19 * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND 20 * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE 21 * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE 22 * ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE 23 * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL 24 * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS 25 * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) 26 * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT 27 * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY 28 * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF 29 * SUCH DAMAGE. 30 */ 31 32 #include <sys/cdefs.h> 33 #ifndef lint 34 __COPYRIGHT("@(#) Copyright (c) 1983, 1989, 1993, 1994\ 35 The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved."); 36 #endif /* not lint */ 37 38 #ifndef lint 39 #if 0 40 static char sccsid[] = "@(#)newfs.c 8.13 (Berkeley) 5/1/95"; 41 #else 42 __RCSID("$NetBSD: newfs_ext2fs.c,v 1.11 2022/04/16 18:15:21 andvar Exp $"); 43 #endif 44 #endif /* not lint */ 45 46 /* 47 * newfs: friendly front end to mke2fs 48 */ 49 #include <sys/param.h> 50 #include <sys/ioctl.h> 51 #include <sys/disklabel.h> 52 #include <sys/disk.h> 53 #include <sys/file.h> 54 #include <sys/mount.h> 55 56 #include <ufs/ext2fs/ext2fs.h> 57 #include <ufs/ext2fs/ext2fs_dinode.h> 58 59 #include <disktab.h> 60 #include <err.h> 61 #include <errno.h> 62 #include <limits.h> 63 #include <paths.h> 64 #include <stdio.h> 65 #include <stdlib.h> 66 #include <string.h> 67 #include <unistd.h> 68 #include <util.h> 69 #include <mntopts.h> 70 71 #include "extern.h" 72 #include "partutil.h" 73 74 static int64_t strsuftoi64(const char *, const char *, int64_t, int64_t, int *); 75 static void usage(void) __dead; 76 77 /* 78 * For file systems smaller than SMALL_FSSIZE we use the S_DFL_* defaults, 79 * otherwise if less than MEDIUM_FSSIZE use M_DFL_*, otherwise use 80 * L_DFL_*. 81 */ 82 #define SMALL_FSSIZE ((4 * 1024 * 1024) / sectorsize) /* 4MB */ 83 #define S_DFL_BSIZE 1024 84 #define MEDIUM_FSSIZE ((512 * 1024 * 1024) / sectorsize) /* 512MB */ 85 #define M_DFL_BSIZE 1024 86 #define L_DFL_BSIZE 4096 87 88 /* 89 * Each file system has a number of inodes statically allocated. 90 * We allocate one inode slot per 2, 4, or 8 blocks, expecting this 91 * to be far more than we will ever need. 92 */ 93 #define S_DFL_NINODE(blocks) ((blocks) / 8) 94 #define M_DFL_NINODE(blocks) ((blocks) / 4) 95 #define L_DFL_NINODE(blocks) ((blocks) / 2) 96 97 /* 98 * Default sector size. 99 */ 100 #define DFL_SECSIZE 512 101 102 int Nflag; /* run without writing file system */ 103 int Oflag = 1; /* format as REV1 by default */ 104 int verbosity; /* amount of printf() output */ 105 #define DEFAULT_VERBOSITY 3 /* 4 is traditional behavior of newfs(8) */ 106 int64_t fssize; /* file system size */ 107 uint sectorsize; /* bytes/sector */ 108 uint16_t inodesize = EXT2_REV0_DINODE_SIZE; /* inode size */ 109 uint fsize = 0; /* fragment size */ 110 uint bsize = 0; /* block size */ 111 uint minfree = MINFREE; /* free space threshold */ 112 uint density; /* number of bytes per inode */ 113 uint num_inodes; /* number of inodes (overrides density) */ 114 char *volname = NULL; /* volume name */ 115 116 static char *disktype = NULL; 117 static char device[MAXPATHLEN]; 118 119 static const char lmsg[] = "%s: can't read disk label"; 120 121 int 122 main(int argc, char *argv[]) 123 { 124 struct disk_geom geo; 125 struct dkwedge_info dkw; 126 struct statvfs *mp; 127 struct stat sb; 128 int ch, fsi, fso, len, n, Fflag, Iflag, Zflag; 129 char *s1, *s2, *special; 130 const char *opstring; 131 int byte_sized; 132 uint blocks; /* number of blocks */ 133 134 fsi = fso = -1; 135 Fflag = Iflag = Zflag = 0; 136 verbosity = -1; 137 opstring = "D:FINO:S:V:Zb:f:i:l:m:n:s:v:"; 138 byte_sized = 0; 139 while ((ch = getopt(argc, argv, opstring)) != -1) 140 switch (ch) { 141 case 'D': 142 inodesize = (uint16_t)strtol(optarg, &s1, 0); 143 if (*s1 || (inodesize != 128 && inodesize != 256)) 144 errx(1, "Bad inode size %d " 145 "(only 128 and 256 supported)", inodesize); 146 break; 147 case 'F': 148 Fflag = 1; 149 break; 150 case 'I': 151 Iflag = 1; 152 break; 153 case 'N': 154 Nflag = 1; 155 if (verbosity == -1) 156 verbosity = DEFAULT_VERBOSITY; 157 break; 158 case 'O': 159 Oflag = strsuftoi64("format", optarg, 0, 1, NULL); 160 break; 161 case 'S': 162 /* 163 * XXX: 164 * non-512 byte sectors almost certainly don't work. 165 */ 166 sectorsize = strsuftoi64("sector size", 167 optarg, 512, 65536, NULL); 168 if (!powerof2(sectorsize)) 169 errx(EXIT_FAILURE, 170 "sector size `%s' is not a power of 2.", 171 optarg); 172 break; 173 case 'V': 174 verbosity = strsuftoi64("verbose", optarg, 0, 4, NULL); 175 break; 176 case 'Z': 177 Zflag = 1; 178 break; 179 case 'b': 180 bsize = strsuftoi64("block size", 181 optarg, MINBSIZE, EXT2_MAXBSIZE, NULL); 182 break; 183 case 'f': 184 fsize = strsuftoi64("fragment size", 185 optarg, MINBSIZE, EXT2_MAXBSIZE, NULL); 186 break; 187 case 'i': 188 density = strsuftoi64("bytes per inode", 189 optarg, 1, INT_MAX, NULL); 190 break; 191 case 'm': 192 minfree = strsuftoi64("free space %", 193 optarg, 0, 99, NULL); 194 break; 195 case 'n': 196 num_inodes = strsuftoi64("number of inodes", 197 optarg, 1, INT_MAX, NULL); 198 break; 199 case 's': 200 fssize = strsuftoi64("file system size", 201 optarg, INT64_MIN, INT64_MAX, &byte_sized); 202 break; 203 case 'v': 204 volname = optarg; 205 if (volname[0] == '\0') 206 errx(EXIT_FAILURE, 207 "Volume name cannot be zero length"); 208 break; 209 case '?': 210 default: 211 usage(); 212 } 213 argc -= optind; 214 argv += optind; 215 216 if (verbosity == -1) 217 /* Default to showing cg info */ 218 verbosity = DEFAULT_VERBOSITY; 219 220 if (argc != 1) 221 usage(); 222 223 memset(&sb, 0, sizeof(sb)); 224 memset(&dkw, 0, sizeof(dkw)); 225 special = argv[0]; 226 if (Fflag) { 227 int fl; 228 /* 229 * It's a file system image 230 * no label, use fixed default for sectorsize. 231 */ 232 if (sectorsize == 0) 233 sectorsize = DFL_SECSIZE; 234 235 /* creating image in a regular file */ 236 if (Nflag) 237 fl = O_RDONLY; 238 else { 239 if (fssize > 0) 240 fl = O_RDWR | O_CREAT; 241 else 242 fl = O_RDWR; 243 } 244 fsi = open(special, fl, 0777); 245 if (fsi == -1) 246 err(EXIT_FAILURE, "can't open file %s", special); 247 if (fstat(fsi, &sb) == -1) 248 err(EXIT_FAILURE, "can't fstat opened %s", special); 249 if (!Nflag) 250 fso = fsi; 251 } else { /* !Fflag */ 252 fsi = opendisk(special, O_RDONLY, device, sizeof(device), 0); 253 special = device; 254 if (fsi < 0 || fstat(fsi, &sb) == -1) 255 err(EXIT_FAILURE, "%s: open for read", special); 256 257 if (!Nflag) { 258 fso = open(special, O_WRONLY, 0); 259 if (fso < 0) 260 err(EXIT_FAILURE, 261 "%s: open for write", special); 262 263 /* Bail if target special is mounted */ 264 n = getmntinfo(&mp, MNT_NOWAIT); 265 if (n == 0) 266 err(EXIT_FAILURE, "%s: getmntinfo", special); 267 268 len = sizeof(_PATH_DEV) - 1; 269 s1 = special; 270 if (strncmp(_PATH_DEV, s1, len) == 0) 271 s1 += len; 272 273 while (--n >= 0) { 274 s2 = mp->f_mntfromname; 275 if (strncmp(_PATH_DEV, s2, len) == 0) { 276 s2 += len - 1; 277 *s2 = 'r'; 278 } 279 if (strcmp(s1, s2) == 0 || 280 strcmp(s1, &s2[1]) == 0) 281 errx(EXIT_FAILURE, 282 "%s is mounted on %s", 283 special, mp->f_mntonname); 284 ++mp; 285 } 286 } 287 288 if (getdiskinfo(special, fsi, disktype, &geo, &dkw) == -1) 289 errx(EXIT_FAILURE, lmsg, special); 290 291 if (sectorsize == 0) { 292 sectorsize = geo.dg_secsize; 293 if (sectorsize <= 0) 294 errx(EXIT_FAILURE, "no default sector size"); 295 } 296 297 if (dkw.dkw_parent[0]) { 298 if (dkw.dkw_size == 0) 299 errx(EXIT_FAILURE, 300 "%s partition is unavailable", special); 301 302 if (!Iflag) { 303 static const char m[] = 304 "%s partition type is not `%s' (or use -I)"; 305 if (strcmp(dkw.dkw_ptype, DKW_PTYPE_EXT2FS)) 306 errx(EXIT_FAILURE, m, 307 special, "Linux Ext2"); 308 } 309 } 310 } 311 312 if (byte_sized) 313 fssize /= sectorsize; 314 if (fssize <= 0) { 315 if (sb.st_size != 0) 316 fssize += sb.st_size / sectorsize; 317 else 318 fssize += dkw.dkw_size; 319 if (fssize <= 0) 320 errx(EXIT_FAILURE, 321 "Unable to determine file system size"); 322 } 323 324 if (dkw.dkw_parent[0] && fssize > dkw.dkw_size) 325 errx(EXIT_FAILURE, 326 "size %" PRIu64 " exceeds maximum file system size on " 327 "`%s' of %" PRIu64 " sectors", 328 fssize, special, dkw.dkw_size); 329 330 /* XXXLUKEM: only ftruncate() regular files ? (dsl: or at all?) */ 331 if (Fflag && fso != -1 332 && ftruncate(fso, (off_t)fssize * sectorsize) == -1) 333 err(1, "can't ftruncate %s to %" PRId64, special, fssize); 334 335 if (Zflag && fso != -1) { /* pre-zero (and de-sparse) the file */ 336 char *buf; 337 int bufsize, i; 338 off_t bufrem; 339 struct statvfs sfs; 340 341 if (fstatvfs(fso, &sfs) == -1) { 342 warn("can't fstatvfs `%s'", special); 343 bufsize = 8192; 344 } else 345 bufsize = sfs.f_iosize; 346 347 if ((buf = calloc(1, bufsize)) == NULL) 348 err(1, "can't malloc buffer of %d", 349 bufsize); 350 bufrem = fssize * sectorsize; 351 if (verbosity > 0) 352 printf("Creating file system image in `%s', " 353 "size %" PRId64 " bytes, in %d byte chunks.\n", 354 special, bufrem, bufsize); 355 while (bufrem > 0) { 356 i = write(fso, buf, MIN(bufsize, bufrem)); 357 if (i == -1) 358 err(1, "writing image"); 359 bufrem -= i; 360 } 361 free(buf); 362 } 363 364 /* Sort out fragment and block sizes */ 365 if (bsize == 0) { 366 bsize = fsize; 367 if (bsize == 0) { 368 if (fssize < SMALL_FSSIZE) 369 bsize = S_DFL_BSIZE; 370 else if (fssize < MEDIUM_FSSIZE) 371 bsize = M_DFL_BSIZE; 372 else 373 bsize = L_DFL_BSIZE; 374 } 375 } 376 if (fsize == 0) 377 fsize = bsize; 378 379 blocks = fssize * sectorsize / bsize; 380 381 if (num_inodes == 0) { 382 if (density != 0) 383 num_inodes = fssize / density; 384 else { 385 if (fssize < SMALL_FSSIZE) 386 num_inodes = S_DFL_NINODE(blocks); 387 else if (fssize < MEDIUM_FSSIZE) 388 num_inodes = M_DFL_NINODE(blocks); 389 else 390 num_inodes = L_DFL_NINODE(blocks); 391 } 392 } 393 mke2fs(special, fsi, fso); 394 395 if (fsi != -1) 396 close(fsi); 397 if (fso != -1 && fso != fsi) 398 close(fso); 399 exit(EXIT_SUCCESS); 400 } 401 402 static int64_t 403 strsuftoi64(const char *desc, const char *arg, int64_t min, int64_t max, 404 int *num_suffix) 405 { 406 int64_t result, r1; 407 int shift = 0; 408 char *ep; 409 410 errno = 0; 411 r1 = strtoll(arg, &ep, 10); 412 if (ep[0] != '\0' && ep[1] != '\0') 413 errx(EXIT_FAILURE, 414 "%s `%s' is not a valid number.", desc, arg); 415 switch (ep[0]) { 416 case '\0': 417 case 's': 418 case 'S': 419 if (num_suffix != NULL) 420 *num_suffix = 0; 421 break; 422 case 'g': 423 case 'G': 424 shift += 10; 425 /* FALLTHROUGH */ 426 case 'm': 427 case 'M': 428 shift += 10; 429 /* FALLTHROUGH */ 430 case 'k': 431 case 'K': 432 shift += 10; 433 /* FALLTHROUGH */ 434 case 'b': 435 case 'B': 436 if (num_suffix != NULL) 437 *num_suffix = 1; 438 break; 439 default: 440 errx(EXIT_FAILURE, 441 "`%s' is not a valid suffix for %s.", ep, desc); 442 } 443 result = r1 << shift; 444 if (errno == ERANGE || result >> shift != r1) 445 errx(EXIT_FAILURE, 446 "%s `%s' is too large to convert.", desc, arg); 447 if (result < min) 448 errx(EXIT_FAILURE, 449 "%s `%s' (%" PRId64 ") is less than the minimum (%" 450 PRId64 ").", desc, arg, result, min); 451 if (result > max) 452 errx(EXIT_FAILURE, 453 "%s `%s' (%" PRId64 ") is greater than the maximum (%" 454 PRId64 ").", desc, arg, result, max); 455 return result; 456 } 457 458 static const char help_strings[] = 459 "\t-b bsize\tblock size\n" 460 "\t-D inodesize\tsize of an inode in bytes (128 or 256)\n" 461 "\t-F \t\tcreate file system image in regular file\n" 462 "\t-f fsize\tfragment size\n" 463 "\t-I \t\tdo not check that the file system type is `Linux Ext2'\n" 464 "\t-i density\tnumber of bytes per inode\n" 465 "\t-m minfree\tminimum free space %\n" 466 "\t-N \t\tdo not create file system, just print out parameters\n" 467 "\t-n inodes\tnumber of inodes (overrides -i density)\n" 468 "\t-O N\t\tfilesystem revision: 0 ==> REV0, 1 ==> REV1 (default 0)\n" 469 "\t-S secsize\tsector size\n" 470 "\t-s fssize\tfile system size (sectors)\n" 471 "\t-V verbose\toutput verbosity: 0 ==> none, 4 ==> max\n" 472 "\t-v volname\text2fs volume name\n" 473 "\t-Z \t\tpre-zero the image file\n"; 474 475 static void 476 usage(void) 477 { 478 479 fprintf(stderr, 480 "usage: %s [ fsoptions ] special-device\n", getprogname()); 481 fprintf(stderr, "where fsoptions are:\n"); 482 fprintf(stderr, "%s", help_strings); 483 484 exit(EXIT_FAILURE); 485 } 486
Indexes created Sat Sep 20 22:09:52 GMT 2025