1 /* $NetBSD: magic.c,v 1.19 2026/06/10 20:54:16 christos Exp $ */ 2 3 /* 4 * Copyright (c) Christos Zoulas 2003. 5 * All Rights Reserved. 6 * 7 * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without 8 * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions 9 * are met: 10 * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright 11 * notice immediately at the beginning of the file, without modification, 12 * this list of conditions, and the following disclaimer. 13 * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright 14 * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the 15 * documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution. 16 * 17 * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND 18 * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE 19 * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE 20 * ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR 21 * ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL 22 * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS 23 * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) 24 * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT 25 * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY 26 * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF 27 * SUCH DAMAGE. 28 */ 29 30 #ifdef WIN32 31 #include <windows.h> 32 #include <shlwapi.h> 33 #endif 34 35 #include "file.h" 36 37 #ifndef lint 38 #if 0 39 FILE_RCSID("@(#)$File: magic.c,v 1.128 2026/05/09 22:34:30 christos Exp $") 40 #else 41 __RCSID("$NetBSD: magic.c,v 1.19 2026/06/10 20:54:16 christos Exp $"); 42 #endif 43 #endif /* lint */ 44 45 #include "magic.h" 46 47 #include <stdlib.h> 48 #include <unistd.h> 49 #include <string.h> 50 #ifdef QUICK 51 #include <sys/mman.h> 52 #endif 53 #include <limits.h> /* for PIPE_BUF */ 54 55 #if defined(HAVE_UTIMES) 56 # include <sys/time.h> 57 #elif defined(HAVE_UTIME) 58 # if defined(HAVE_SYS_UTIME_H) 59 # include <sys/utime.h> 60 # elif defined(HAVE_UTIME_H) 61 # include <utime.h> 62 # endif 63 #endif 64 65 #ifdef HAVE_UNISTD_H 66 #include <unistd.h> /* for read() */ 67 #endif 68 69 #ifndef PIPE_BUF 70 /* Get the PIPE_BUF from pathconf */ 71 #ifdef _PC_PIPE_BUF 72 #define PIPE_BUF pathconf(".", _PC_PIPE_BUF) 73 #else 74 #define PIPE_BUF 512 75 #endif 76 #endif 77 78 file_private void close_and_restore(const struct magic_set *, const char *, int, 79 const struct stat *); 80 file_private int unreadable_info(struct magic_set *, mode_t, const char *); 81 file_private const char *get_default_magic(void); 82 #ifndef COMPILE_ONLY 83 file_private const char *file_or_fd(struct magic_set *, const char *, int); 84 #endif 85 86 #ifndef STDIN_FILENO 87 #define STDIN_FILENO 0 88 #endif 89 90 #ifdef WIN32 91 /* HINSTANCE of this shared library. Needed for get_default_magic() */ 92 static HINSTANCE _w32_dll_instance = NULL; 93 94 static void 95 _w32_append_path(char **hmagicpath, const char *fmt, ...) 96 { 97 char *tmppath; 98 char *newpath; 99 va_list ap; 100 101 va_start(ap, fmt); 102 if (vasprintf(&tmppath, fmt, ap) < 0) { 103 va_end(ap); 104 return; 105 } 106 va_end(ap); 107 108 if (access(tmppath, R_OK) == -1) 109 goto out; 110 111 if (*hmagicpath == NULL) { 112 *hmagicpath = tmppath; 113 return; 114 } 115 116 if (asprintf(&newpath, "%s%c%s", *hmagicpath, PATHSEP, tmppath) < 0) 117 goto out; 118 119 free(*hmagicpath); 120 free(tmppath); 121 *hmagicpath = newpath; 122 return; 123 out: 124 free(tmppath); 125 } 126 127 static void 128 _w32_get_magic_relative_to(char **hmagicpath, HINSTANCE module) 129 { 130 static const char *trypaths[] = { 131 "%s/share/misc/magic.mgc", 132 "%s/magic.mgc", 133 }; 134 LPSTR dllpath; 135 size_t sp; 136 137 dllpath = calloc(MAX_PATH + 1, sizeof(*dllpath)); 138 139 if (!GetModuleFileNameA(module, dllpath, MAX_PATH)) 140 goto out; 141 142 PathRemoveFileSpecA(dllpath); 143 144 if (module) { 145 char exepath[MAX_PATH]; 146 GetModuleFileNameA(NULL, exepath, MAX_PATH); 147 PathRemoveFileSpecA(exepath); 148 if (stricmp(exepath, dllpath) == 0) 149 goto out; 150 } 151 152 sp = strlen(dllpath); 153 if (sp > 3 && stricmp(&dllpath[sp - 3], "bin") == 0) { 154 _w32_append_path(hmagicpath, 155 "%s/../share/misc/magic.mgc", dllpath); 156 goto out; 157 } 158 159 for (sp = 0; sp < __arraycount(trypaths); sp++) 160 _w32_append_path(hmagicpath, trypaths[sp], dllpath); 161 out: 162 free(dllpath); 163 } 164 165 #ifndef BUILD_AS_WINDOWS_STATIC_LIBARAY 166 /* Placate GCC by offering a sacrificial previous prototype */ 167 BOOL WINAPI DllMain(HINSTANCE, DWORD, LPVOID); 168 169 BOOL WINAPI 170 DllMain(HINSTANCE hinstDLL, DWORD fdwReason, 171 LPVOID lpvReserved __attribute__((__unused__))) 172 { 173 if (fdwReason == DLL_PROCESS_ATTACH) 174 _w32_dll_instance = hinstDLL; 175 return 1; 176 } 177 #endif 178 #endif 179 180 file_private const char * 181 get_default_magic(void) 182 { 183 static const char hmagic[] = "/.magic/magic.mgc"; 184 static char *default_magic; 185 char *home, *hmagicpath, *tmp_magic; 186 187 #ifndef WIN32 188 struct stat st; 189 190 if ((home = getenv("HOME")) == NULL) 191 return MAGIC; 192 193 if (asprintf(&hmagicpath, "%s/.magic.mgc", home) < 0) 194 return MAGIC; 195 if (stat(hmagicpath, &st) == -1) { 196 free(hmagicpath); 197 if (asprintf(&hmagicpath, "%s/.magic", home) < 0) 198 return MAGIC; 199 if (stat(hmagicpath, &st) == -1) 200 goto out; 201 if (S_ISDIR(st.st_mode)) { 202 free(hmagicpath); 203 if (asprintf(&hmagicpath, "%s/%s", home, hmagic) < 0) 204 return MAGIC; 205 if (access(hmagicpath, R_OK) == -1) 206 goto out; 207 } 208 } 209 210 if (asprintf(&tmp_magic, "%s%c%s", hmagicpath, PATHSEP, MAGIC) < 0) 211 goto out; 212 free(hmagicpath); 213 hmagicpath = default_magic; 214 default_magic = tmp_magic; 215 free(hmagicpath); 216 return default_magic; 217 out: 218 default_magic = NULL; 219 free(hmagicpath); 220 return MAGIC; 221 #else 222 hmagicpath = NULL; 223 224 if (default_magic) { 225 free(default_magic); 226 default_magic = NULL; 227 } 228 229 /* Before anything else, try to get a magic file from user HOME */ 230 if ((home = getenv("HOME")) != NULL) 231 _w32_append_path(&hmagicpath, "%s%s", home, hmagic); 232 233 /* First, try to get a magic file from user-application data */ 234 if ((home = getenv("LOCALAPPDATA")) != NULL) 235 _w32_append_path(&hmagicpath, "%s%s", home, hmagic); 236 237 /* Second, try to get a magic file from the user profile data */ 238 if ((home = getenv("USERPROFILE")) != NULL) 239 _w32_append_path(&hmagicpath, 240 "%s/Local Settings/Application Data%s", home, hmagic); 241 242 /* Third, try to get a magic file from Common Files */ 243 if ((home = getenv("COMMONPROGRAMFILES")) != NULL) 244 _w32_append_path(&hmagicpath, "%s%s", home, hmagic); 245 246 /* Fourth, try to get magic file relative to exe location */ 247 _w32_get_magic_relative_to(&hmagicpath, NULL); 248 249 /* Fifth, try to get magic file relative to dll location */ 250 _w32_get_magic_relative_to(&hmagicpath, _w32_dll_instance); 251 252 /* Avoid MAGIC constant - it likely points to a file within MSys tree */ 253 tmp_magic = default_magic; 254 default_magic = hmagicpath; 255 free(tmp_magic); 256 return default_magic; 257 #endif 258 } 259 260 file_public const char * 261 magic_getpath(const char *magicfile, int action) 262 { 263 if (magicfile != NULL) 264 return magicfile; 265 266 magicfile = getenv("MAGIC"); 267 if (magicfile != NULL) 268 return magicfile; 269 270 return action == FILE_LOAD ? get_default_magic() : MAGIC; 271 } 272 273 file_public struct magic_set * 274 magic_open(int flags) 275 { 276 return file_ms_alloc(flags); 277 } 278 279 file_private int 280 unreadable_info(struct magic_set *ms, mode_t md, const char *file) 281 { 282 if (file) { 283 /* We cannot open it, but we were able to stat it. */ 284 if (access(file, W_OK) == 0) 285 if (file_printf(ms, "writable, ") == -1) 286 return -1; 287 #ifndef WIN32 288 if (access(file, X_OK) == 0) 289 if (file_printf(ms, "executable, ") == -1) 290 return -1; 291 #else 292 /* X_OK doesn't work well on MS-Windows */ 293 { 294 const char *p = strrchr(file, '.'); 295 if (p && (stricmp(p, ".exe") 296 || stricmp(p, ".dll") 297 || stricmp(p, ".bat") 298 || stricmp(p, ".cmd"))) 299 if (file_printf(ms, "writable, ") == -1) 300 return -1; 301 } 302 #endif 303 } 304 if (S_ISREG(md)) 305 if (file_printf(ms, "regular file, ") == -1) 306 return -1; 307 if (file_printf(ms, "no read permission") == -1) 308 return -1; 309 return 0; 310 } 311 312 file_public void 313 magic_close(struct magic_set *ms) 314 { 315 if (ms == NULL) 316 return; 317 file_ms_free(ms); 318 } 319 320 /* 321 * load a magic file 322 */ 323 file_public int 324 magic_load(struct magic_set *ms, const char *magicfile) 325 { 326 if (ms == NULL) 327 return -1; 328 return file_apprentice(ms, magicfile, FILE_LOAD); 329 } 330 331 #ifndef COMPILE_ONLY 332 /* 333 * Install a set of compiled magic buffers. 334 */ 335 file_public int 336 magic_load_buffers(struct magic_set *ms, void **bufs, size_t *sizes, 337 size_t nbufs) 338 { 339 if (ms == NULL) 340 return -1; 341 return buffer_apprentice(ms, RCAST(struct magic **, bufs), 342 sizes, nbufs); 343 } 344 #endif 345 346 file_public int 347 magic_compile(struct magic_set *ms, const char *magicfile) 348 { 349 if (ms == NULL) 350 return -1; 351 return file_apprentice(ms, magicfile, FILE_COMPILE); 352 } 353 354 file_public int 355 magic_check(struct magic_set *ms, const char *magicfile) 356 { 357 if (ms == NULL) 358 return -1; 359 return file_apprentice(ms, magicfile, FILE_CHECK); 360 } 361 362 file_public int 363 magic_list(struct magic_set *ms, const char *magicfile) 364 { 365 if (ms == NULL) 366 return -1; 367 return file_apprentice(ms, magicfile, FILE_LIST); 368 } 369 370 file_private void 371 close_and_restore(const struct magic_set *ms, const char *name, int fd, 372 const struct stat *sb) 373 { 374 if (fd == STDIN_FILENO || name == NULL) 375 return; 376 (void) close(fd); 377 378 if (sb == NULL || (ms->flags & MAGIC_PRESERVE_ATIME) == 0) 379 return; 380 381 /* 382 * Try to restore access, modification times if read it. 383 * This is really *bad* because it will modify the status 384 * time of the file... And of course this will affect 385 * backup programs 386 */ 387 #ifdef HAVE_UTIMES 388 struct timeval utsbuf[2]; 389 (void)memset(utsbuf, 0, sizeof(utsbuf)); 390 utsbuf[0].tv_sec = sb->st_atime; 391 utsbuf[1].tv_sec = sb->st_mtime; 392 393 (void) utimes(name, utsbuf); /* don't care if loses */ 394 #elif defined(HAVE_UTIME_H) || defined(HAVE_SYS_UTIME_H) 395 struct utimbuf utbuf; 396 397 (void)memset(&utbuf, 0, sizeof(utbuf)); 398 utbuf.actime = sb->st_atime; 399 utbuf.modtime = sb->st_mtime; 400 (void) utime(name, &utbuf); /* don't care if loses */ 401 #endif 402 } 403 404 #ifndef COMPILE_ONLY 405 406 /* 407 * find type of descriptor 408 */ 409 file_public const char * 410 magic_descriptor(struct magic_set *ms, int fd) 411 { 412 if (ms == NULL) 413 return NULL; 414 return file_or_fd(ms, NULL, fd); 415 } 416 417 /* 418 * find type of named file 419 */ 420 file_public const char * 421 magic_file(struct magic_set *ms, const char *inname) 422 { 423 if (ms == NULL) 424 return NULL; 425 return file_or_fd(ms, inname, STDIN_FILENO); 426 } 427 428 file_private const char * 429 file_or_fd(struct magic_set *ms, const char *inname, int fd) 430 { 431 int rv = -1; 432 unsigned char *buf; 433 struct stat sb; 434 ssize_t nbytes = 0; /* number of bytes read from a datafile */ 435 int ispipe = 0; 436 int okstat = 0; 437 off_t pos = CAST(off_t, -1); 438 439 if (file_reset(ms, 1) == -1) 440 goto out; 441 442 /* 443 * one extra for terminating '\0', and 444 * some overlapping space for matches near EOF 445 */ 446 #define SLOP (1 + sizeof(union VALUETYPE)) 447 if ((buf = CAST(unsigned char *, malloc(ms->bytes_max + SLOP))) == NULL) 448 return NULL; 449 450 switch (file_fsmagic(ms, inname, &sb)) { 451 case -1: /* error */ 452 goto done; 453 case 0: /* nothing found */ 454 break; 455 default: /* matched it and printed type */ 456 rv = 0; 457 goto done; 458 } 459 460 #ifdef WIN32 461 /* Place stdin in binary mode, so EOF (Ctrl+Z) doesn't stop early. */ 462 if (fd == STDIN_FILENO) 463 _setmode(STDIN_FILENO, O_BINARY); 464 #endif 465 if (inname != NULL) { 466 int flags = O_RDONLY|O_BINARY|O_NONBLOCK|O_CLOEXEC; 467 errno = 0; 468 if ((fd = open(inname, flags)) < 0) { 469 okstat = stat(inname, &sb) == 0; 470 #ifdef WIN32 471 /* 472 * Can't stat, can't open. It may have been opened in 473 * fsmagic, so if the user doesn't have read permission, 474 * allow it to say so; otherwise an error was probably 475 * displayed in fsmagic. 476 */ 477 if (!okstat && errno == EACCES) { 478 sb.st_mode = S_IFBLK; 479 okstat = 1; 480 } 481 #endif 482 if (okstat && 483 unreadable_info(ms, sb.st_mode, inname) == -1) 484 goto done; 485 rv = 0; 486 goto done; 487 } 488 #if O_CLOEXEC == 0 && defined(F_SETFD) 489 (void)fcntl(fd, F_SETFD, FD_CLOEXEC); 490 #endif 491 } 492 493 if (fd != -1) { 494 okstat = fstat(fd, &sb) == 0; 495 if (okstat && S_ISFIFO(sb.st_mode)) 496 ispipe = 1; 497 if (inname == NULL) 498 pos = lseek(fd, CAST(off_t, 0), SEEK_CUR); 499 } 500 501 /* 502 * try looking at the first ms->bytes_max bytes 503 */ 504 if (ispipe) { 505 if (fd != -1) { 506 ssize_t r = 0; 507 508 while ((r = sread(fd, RCAST(void *, &buf[nbytes]), 509 CAST(size_t, ms->bytes_max - nbytes), 1)) > 0) { 510 nbytes += r; 511 if (r < PIPE_BUF) break; 512 } 513 } 514 515 if (nbytes == 0 && inname) { 516 /* We can not read it, but we were able to stat it. */ 517 if (unreadable_info(ms, sb.st_mode, inname) == -1) 518 goto done; 519 rv = 0; 520 goto done; 521 } 522 523 } else if (fd != -1) { 524 /* Windows refuses to read from a big console buffer. */ 525 size_t howmany = 526 #ifdef WIN32 527 _isatty(fd) ? 8 * 1024 : 528 #endif 529 ms->bytes_max; 530 if ((nbytes = read(fd, RCAST(void *, buf), howmany)) == -1) { 531 if (inname == NULL && fd != STDIN_FILENO) 532 file_error(ms, errno, "cannot read fd %d", fd); 533 else 534 file_error(ms, errno, "cannot read `%s'", 535 inname == NULL ? "/dev/stdin" : inname); 536 goto done; 537 } 538 } 539 540 (void)memset(buf + nbytes, 0, SLOP); /* NUL terminate */ 541 if (file_buffer(ms, fd, okstat ? &sb : NULL, inname, buf, 542 CAST(size_t, nbytes)) == -1) 543 goto done; 544 rv = 0; 545 done: 546 free(buf); 547 if (fd != -1) { 548 if (pos != CAST(off_t, -1)) 549 (void)lseek(fd, pos, SEEK_SET); 550 close_and_restore(ms, inname, fd, okstat ? &sb : NULL); 551 } 552 out: 553 return rv == 0 ? file_getbuffer(ms) : NULL; 554 } 555 556 557 file_public const char * 558 magic_buffer(struct magic_set *ms, const void *buf, size_t nb) 559 { 560 if (ms == NULL) 561 return NULL; 562 if (file_reset(ms, 1) == -1) 563 return NULL; 564 /* 565 * The main work is done here! 566 * We have the file name and/or the data buffer to be identified. 567 */ 568 if (file_buffer(ms, -1, NULL, NULL, buf, nb) == -1) { 569 return NULL; 570 } 571 return file_getbuffer(ms); 572 } 573 #endif 574 575 file_public const char * 576 magic_error(struct magic_set *ms) 577 { 578 if (ms == NULL) 579 return "Magic database is not open"; 580 return (ms->event_flags & EVENT_HAD_ERR) ? ms->o.buf : NULL; 581 } 582 583 file_public int 584 magic_errno(struct magic_set *ms) 585 { 586 if (ms == NULL) 587 return EINVAL; 588 return (ms->event_flags & EVENT_HAD_ERR) ? ms->error : 0; 589 } 590 591 file_public int 592 magic_getflags(struct magic_set *ms) 593 { 594 if (ms == NULL) 595 return -1; 596 597 return ms->flags; 598 } 599 600 file_public int 601 magic_setflags(struct magic_set *ms, int flags) 602 { 603 if (ms == NULL) 604 return -1; 605 #if !defined(HAVE_UTIME) && !defined(HAVE_UTIMES) 606 if (flags & MAGIC_PRESERVE_ATIME) 607 return -1; 608 #endif 609 ms->flags = flags; 610 return 0; 611 } 612 613 file_public int 614 magic_version(void) 615 { 616 return MAGIC_VERSION; 617 } 618 619 file_public ssize_t 620 magic_getmaxparam(int param) 621 { 622 switch (param) { 623 case MAGIC_PARAM_INDIR_MAX: 624 case MAGIC_PARAM_NAME_MAX: 625 case MAGIC_PARAM_ELF_PHNUM_MAX: 626 case MAGIC_PARAM_ELF_SHNUM_MAX: 627 case MAGIC_PARAM_ELF_SHSIZE_MAX: 628 case MAGIC_PARAM_ELF_NOTES_MAX: 629 case MAGIC_PARAM_REGEX_MAX: 630 return 0xffff; 631 case MAGIC_PARAM_BYTES_MAX: 632 case MAGIC_PARAM_ENCODING_MAX: 633 case MAGIC_PARAM_MAGWARN_MAX: 634 return 0x7fffffff; 635 default: 636 errno = EINVAL; 637 return -1; 638 } 639 } 640 641 file_public int 642 magic_setparam(struct magic_set *ms, int param, const void *val) 643 { 644 if (ms == NULL || val == NULL) { 645 errno = EFAULT; 646 return -1; 647 } 648 const size_t v = *CAST(const size_t *, val); 649 switch (param) { 650 case MAGIC_PARAM_INDIR_MAX: 651 ms->indir_max = CAST(uint16_t, v); 652 return 0; 653 case MAGIC_PARAM_NAME_MAX: 654 ms->name_max = CAST(uint16_t, v); 655 return 0; 656 case MAGIC_PARAM_ELF_PHNUM_MAX: 657 ms->elf_phnum_max = CAST(uint16_t, v); 658 return 0; 659 case MAGIC_PARAM_ELF_SHNUM_MAX: 660 ms->elf_shnum_max = CAST(uint16_t, v); 661 return 0; 662 case MAGIC_PARAM_ELF_SHSIZE_MAX: 663 ms->elf_shsize_max = v; 664 return 0; 665 case MAGIC_PARAM_ELF_NOTES_MAX: 666 ms->elf_notes_max = CAST(uint16_t, v); 667 return 0; 668 case MAGIC_PARAM_REGEX_MAX: 669 ms->regex_max = CAST(uint16_t, v); 670 return 0; 671 case MAGIC_PARAM_BYTES_MAX: 672 ms->bytes_max = v; 673 return 0; 674 case MAGIC_PARAM_ENCODING_MAX: 675 ms->encoding_max = v; 676 return 0; 677 case MAGIC_PARAM_MAGWARN_MAX: 678 ms->magwarn_max = v; 679 return 0; 680 default: 681 errno = EINVAL; 682 return -1; 683 } 684 } 685 686 file_public int 687 magic_getparam(struct magic_set *ms, int param, void *val) 688 { 689 if (ms == NULL || val == NULL) { 690 errno = EFAULT; 691 return -1; 692 } 693 switch (param) { 694 case MAGIC_PARAM_INDIR_MAX: 695 *CAST(size_t *, val) = ms->indir_max; 696 return 0; 697 case MAGIC_PARAM_NAME_MAX: 698 *CAST(size_t *, val) = ms->name_max; 699 return 0; 700 case MAGIC_PARAM_ELF_PHNUM_MAX: 701 *CAST(size_t *, val) = ms->elf_phnum_max; 702 return 0; 703 case MAGIC_PARAM_ELF_SHNUM_MAX: 704 *CAST(size_t *, val) = ms->elf_shnum_max; 705 return 0; 706 case MAGIC_PARAM_ELF_SHSIZE_MAX: 707 *CAST(size_t *, val) = ms->elf_shsize_max; 708 return 0; 709 case MAGIC_PARAM_ELF_NOTES_MAX: 710 *CAST(size_t *, val) = ms->elf_notes_max; 711 return 0; 712 case MAGIC_PARAM_REGEX_MAX: 713 *CAST(size_t *, val) = ms->regex_max; 714 return 0; 715 case MAGIC_PARAM_BYTES_MAX: 716 *CAST(size_t *, val) = ms->bytes_max; 717 return 0; 718 case MAGIC_PARAM_ENCODING_MAX: 719 *CAST(size_t *, val) = ms->encoding_max; 720 return 0; 721 case MAGIC_PARAM_MAGWARN_MAX: 722 *CAST(size_t *, val) = ms->magwarn_max; 723 return 0; 724 default: 725 errno = EINVAL; 726 return -1; 727 } 728 } 729