1 /* $NetBSD: bad144.c,v 1.31 2015/01/02 19:46:02 christos Exp $ */ 2 3 /* 4 * Copyright (c) 1980, 1986, 1988, 1993 5 * The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved. 6 * 7 * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without 8 * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions 9 * are met: 10 * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright 11 * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. 12 * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright 13 * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the 14 * documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution. 15 * 3. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors 16 * may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software 17 * without specific prior written permission. 18 * 19 * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND 20 * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE 21 * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE 22 * ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE 23 * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL 24 * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS 25 * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) 26 * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT 27 * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY 28 * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF 29 * SUCH DAMAGE. 30 */ 31 32 #include <sys/cdefs.h> 33 #ifndef lint 34 __COPYRIGHT("@(#) Copyright (c) 1980, 1986, 1988, 1993\ 35 The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved."); 36 #endif /* not lint */ 37 38 #ifndef lint 39 #if 0 40 static char sccsid[] = "@(#)bad144.c 8.2 (Berkeley) 4/27/95"; 41 #else 42 __RCSID("$NetBSD: bad144.c,v 1.31 2015/01/02 19:46:02 christos Exp $"); 43 #endif 44 #endif /* not lint */ 45 46 /* 47 * bad144 48 * 49 * This program prints and/or initializes a bad block record for a pack, 50 * in the format used by the DEC standard 144. 51 * It can also add bad sector(s) to the record, moving the sector 52 * replacements as necessary. 53 * 54 * It is preferable to write the bad information with a standard formatter, 55 * but this program will do. 56 * 57 * RP06 sectors are marked as bad by inverting the format bit in the 58 * header; on other drives the valid-sector bit is cleared. 59 */ 60 #include <sys/param.h> 61 #include <sys/dkbad.h> 62 #include <sys/ioctl.h> 63 #include <sys/file.h> 64 #include <sys/disklabel.h> 65 #include <ufs/ufs/dinode.h> 66 #include <ufs/ffs/fs.h> 67 68 #include <err.h> 69 #include <paths.h> 70 #include <stdio.h> 71 #include <stdlib.h> 72 #include <string.h> 73 #include <unistd.h> 74 #include <util.h> 75 76 #define RETRIES 10 /* number of retries on reading old sectors */ 77 78 #ifdef __vax__ 79 static int fflag; 80 #endif 81 static int add, copy, verbose, nflag; 82 static int dups; 83 static int badfile = -1; /* copy of badsector table to use, -1 if any */ 84 #define MAXSECSIZE 1024 85 static struct dkbad curbad, oldbad; 86 #define DKBAD_MAGIC 0x4321 87 88 static daddr_t size; 89 static struct disklabel *dp; 90 static struct disklabel label; 91 static char diskname[MAXPATHLEN]; 92 93 static daddr_t badsn(const struct bt_bad *); 94 static int blkcopy(int, daddr_t, daddr_t); 95 static void blkzero(int, daddr_t); 96 static int checkold(void); 97 static int compare(const void *, const void *); 98 static daddr_t getold(int, struct dkbad *); 99 static void shift(int, int, int); 100 __dead static void usage(void); 101 102 #ifdef __vax__ 103 #define OPTSTRING "01234acfvn" 104 #else 105 #define OPTSTRING "01234acvn" 106 #endif 107 108 int 109 main(int argc, char *argv[]) 110 { 111 struct bt_bad *bt; 112 daddr_t sn; 113 #ifdef __vax__ 114 daddr_t bn[NBT_BAD]; 115 #endif 116 int i, f, nbad, new, bad, errs, ch; 117 118 while ((ch = getopt(argc, argv, OPTSTRING)) != -1) { 119 switch (ch) { 120 case '0': 121 case '1': 122 case '2': 123 case '3': 124 case '4': 125 badfile = ch - '0'; 126 break; 127 case 'a': 128 add = 1; 129 break; 130 case 'c': 131 copy = 1; 132 break; 133 #ifdef __vax__ 134 case 'f': 135 fflag = 1; 136 break; 137 #endif 138 case 'n': 139 nflag = 1; 140 /* FALLTHROUGH */ 141 case 'v': 142 verbose = 1; 143 break; 144 case '?': 145 default: 146 usage(); 147 } 148 } 149 150 argc -= optind; 151 argv += optind; 152 153 if (argc < 1) { 154 usage(); 155 } 156 f = opendisk(argv[0], argc == 1 ? O_RDONLY : O_RDWR, diskname, 157 sizeof(diskname), 0); 158 if (f < 0) 159 err(4, "opendisk `%s'", diskname); 160 /* obtain label and adjust to fit */ 161 dp = &label; 162 if (ioctl(f, DIOCGDINFO, dp) < 0) 163 err(4, "ioctl DIOCGDINFO `%s'", diskname); 164 if (dp->d_magic != DISKMAGIC || dp->d_magic2 != DISKMAGIC 165 /* dkcksum(lp) != 0 */ ) 166 errx(1, "Bad pack magic number (pack is unlabeled)"); 167 if (dp->d_secsize > MAXSECSIZE || dp->d_secsize == 0) 168 errx(7, "Disk sector size too large/small (%d)", 169 dp->d_secsize); 170 #ifdef __i386__ 171 if (dp->d_type == DKTYPE_SCSI) 172 errx(1, "SCSI disks don't use bad144!"); 173 /* are we inside a DOS partition? */ 174 if (dp->d_partitions[0].p_offset) { 175 /* yes, rules change. assume bad tables at end of partition C, 176 which maps all of DOS partition we are within -wfj */ 177 size = dp->d_partitions[2].p_offset + dp->d_partitions[2].p_size; 178 } 179 #endif 180 size = dp->d_nsectors * dp->d_ntracks * dp->d_ncylinders; 181 argc--; 182 argv++; 183 if (argc == 0) { 184 sn = getold(f, &oldbad); 185 printf("bad block information at sector %lld in %s:\n", 186 (long long)sn, diskname); 187 printf("cartridge serial number: %d(10)\n", oldbad.bt_csn); 188 switch (oldbad.bt_flag) { 189 190 case (u_short)-1: 191 printf("alignment cartridge\n"); 192 break; 193 194 case DKBAD_MAGIC: 195 break; 196 197 default: 198 printf("bt_flag=%x(16)?\n", oldbad.bt_flag); 199 break; 200 } 201 bt = oldbad.bt_bad; 202 for (i = 0; i < NBT_BAD; i++) { 203 bad = (bt->bt_cyl<<16) + bt->bt_trksec; 204 if (bad < 0) 205 break; 206 printf("sn=%lld, cn=%d, tn=%d, sn=%d\n", 207 (long long)badsn(bt), 208 bt->bt_cyl, bt->bt_trksec>>8, bt->bt_trksec&0xff); 209 bt++; 210 } 211 (void) checkold(); 212 exit(0); 213 } 214 if (add) { 215 /* 216 * Read in the old badsector table. 217 * Verify that it makes sense, and the bad sectors 218 * are in order. Copy the old table to the new one. 219 */ 220 (void) getold(f, &oldbad); 221 i = checkold(); 222 if (verbose) 223 printf("Had %d bad sectors, adding %d\n", i, argc); 224 if (i + argc > NBT_BAD) { 225 printf("bad144: not enough room for %d more sectors\n", 226 argc); 227 printf("limited to %d by information format\n", 228 NBT_BAD); 229 exit(1); 230 } 231 curbad = oldbad; 232 } else { 233 curbad.bt_csn = atoi(*argv++); 234 argc--; 235 curbad.bt_mbz = 0; 236 curbad.bt_flag = DKBAD_MAGIC; 237 if (argc > NBT_BAD) { 238 printf("bad144: too many bad sectors specified\n"); 239 printf("limited to %d by information format\n", 240 NBT_BAD); 241 exit(1); 242 } 243 i = 0; 244 } 245 errs = 0; 246 new = argc; 247 while (argc > 0) { 248 sn = atoi(*argv++); 249 argc--; 250 if (sn < 0 || sn >= size) { 251 printf("%lld: out of range [0,%lld) for disk %s\n", 252 (long long)sn, (long long)size, dp->d_typename); 253 errs++; 254 continue; 255 } 256 #ifdef __vax__ 257 bn[i] = sn; 258 #endif 259 curbad.bt_bad[i].bt_cyl = sn / (dp->d_nsectors*dp->d_ntracks); 260 sn %= (dp->d_nsectors*dp->d_ntracks); 261 curbad.bt_bad[i].bt_trksec = 262 ((sn/dp->d_nsectors) << 8) + (sn%dp->d_nsectors); 263 i++; 264 } 265 if (errs) 266 exit(1); 267 nbad = i; 268 while (i < NBT_BAD) { 269 curbad.bt_bad[i].bt_trksec = -1; 270 curbad.bt_bad[i].bt_cyl = -1; 271 i++; 272 } 273 if (add) { 274 /* 275 * Sort the new bad sectors into the list. 276 * Then shuffle the replacement sectors so that 277 * the previous bad sectors get the same replacement data. 278 */ 279 qsort((char *)curbad.bt_bad, nbad, sizeof (struct bt_bad), 280 compare); 281 if (dups) 282 errx(3, "bad sectors have been duplicated; " 283 "can't add existing sectors"); 284 shift(f, nbad, nbad-new); 285 } 286 if (badfile == -1) 287 i = 0; 288 else 289 i = badfile * 2; 290 for (; i < 10 && i < (int)dp->d_nsectors; i += 2) { 291 if (lseek(f, 292 (off_t)(dp->d_secsize * (size - dp->d_nsectors + i)), 293 SEEK_SET) < 0) 294 err(4, "lseek"); 295 if (verbose) 296 printf("write badsect file at %lld\n", 297 (long long)size - dp->d_nsectors + i); 298 if (nflag == 0 && write(f, (caddr_t)&curbad, sizeof(curbad)) != 299 sizeof(curbad)) 300 err(4, "write bad sector file %d", i/2); 301 if (badfile != -1) 302 break; 303 } 304 #ifdef __vax__ 305 if (nflag == 0 && fflag) 306 for (i = nbad - new; i < nbad; i++) 307 format(f, bn[i]); 308 #endif 309 #ifdef DIOCSBAD 310 if (nflag == 0 && ioctl(f, DIOCSBAD, (caddr_t)&curbad) < 0) 311 warnx("Can't sync bad-sector file; reboot for changes " 312 "to take effect"); 313 #endif 314 if ((dp->d_flags & D_BADSECT) == 0 && nflag == 0) { 315 dp->d_flags |= D_BADSECT; 316 if (ioctl(f, DIOCWDINFO, dp) < 0) { 317 warn("label"); 318 errx(1, 319 "Can't write label to enable bad sector handling"); 320 } 321 } 322 return (0); 323 } 324 325 static daddr_t 326 getold(int f, struct dkbad *bad) 327 { 328 int i; 329 daddr_t sn; 330 331 if (badfile == -1) 332 i = 0; 333 else 334 i = badfile * 2; 335 for (; i < 10 && i < (int)dp->d_nsectors; i += 2) { 336 sn = size - dp->d_nsectors + i; 337 if (lseek(f, (off_t)(sn * dp->d_secsize), SEEK_SET) < 0) 338 err(4, "lseek"); 339 if ((size_t)read(f, (char *) bad, dp->d_secsize) == dp->d_secsize) { 340 if (i > 0) 341 printf("Using bad-sector file %d\n", i/2); 342 return(sn); 343 } 344 warn("read bad sector file at sn %lld", (long long)sn); 345 if (badfile != -1) 346 break; 347 } 348 errx(1, "%s: can't read bad block info", diskname); 349 /*NOTREACHED*/ 350 } 351 352 static int 353 checkold(void) 354 { 355 int i; 356 struct bt_bad *bt; 357 daddr_t sn, lsn; 358 int errors = 0, warned = 0; 359 360 lsn = 0; 361 if (oldbad.bt_flag != DKBAD_MAGIC) { 362 warnx("%s: bad flag in bad-sector table", diskname); 363 errors++; 364 } 365 if (oldbad.bt_mbz != 0) { 366 warnx("%s: bad magic number", diskname); 367 errors++; 368 } 369 bt = oldbad.bt_bad; 370 for (i = 0; i < NBT_BAD; i++, bt++) { 371 if (bt->bt_cyl == 0xffff && bt->bt_trksec == 0xffff) 372 break; 373 if ((bt->bt_cyl >= dp->d_ncylinders) || 374 ((bt->bt_trksec >> 8) >= dp->d_ntracks) || 375 ((bt->bt_trksec & 0xff) >= dp->d_nsectors)) { 376 warnx("cyl/trk/sect out of range in existing entry: " 377 "sn=%lld, cn=%d, tn=%d, sn=%d", 378 (long long)badsn(bt), bt->bt_cyl, bt->bt_trksec>>8, 379 bt->bt_trksec & 0xff); 380 errors++; 381 } 382 sn = (bt->bt_cyl * dp->d_ntracks + 383 (bt->bt_trksec >> 8)) * 384 dp->d_nsectors + (bt->bt_trksec & 0xff); 385 if (i > 0 && sn < lsn && !warned) { 386 warnx("bad sector file is out of order"); 387 errors++; 388 warned++; 389 } 390 if (i > 0 && sn == lsn) { 391 warnx("bad sector file contains duplicates (sn %lld)", 392 (long long)sn); 393 errors++; 394 } 395 lsn = sn; 396 } 397 if (errors) 398 exit(1); 399 return (i); 400 } 401 402 /* 403 * Move the bad sector replacements 404 * to make room for the new bad sectors. 405 * new is the new number of bad sectors, old is the previous count. 406 */ 407 static void 408 shift(int f, int new, int old) 409 { 410 daddr_t repl; 411 412 /* 413 * First replacement is last sector of second-to-last track. 414 */ 415 repl = size - dp->d_nsectors - 1; 416 new--; old--; 417 while (new >= 0 && new != old) { 418 if (old < 0 || 419 compare(&curbad.bt_bad[new], &oldbad.bt_bad[old]) > 0) { 420 /* 421 * Insert new replacement here-- copy original 422 * sector if requested and possible, 423 * otherwise write a zero block. 424 */ 425 if (!copy || 426 !blkcopy(f, badsn(&curbad.bt_bad[new]), repl - new)) 427 blkzero(f, repl - new); 428 } else { 429 if (blkcopy(f, repl - old, repl - new) == 0) 430 warnx("Can't copy replacement sector %lld to %lld", 431 (long long)repl-old, (long long)repl-new); 432 old--; 433 } 434 new--; 435 } 436 } 437 438 static char *buf; 439 440 /* 441 * Copy disk sector s1 to s2. 442 */ 443 static int 444 blkcopy(int f, daddr_t s1, daddr_t s2) 445 { 446 int tries, n; 447 448 if (buf == NULL) { 449 buf = malloc((unsigned)dp->d_secsize); 450 if (buf == NULL) 451 errx(20, "Out of memory"); 452 } 453 for (tries = 0; tries < RETRIES; tries++) { 454 if (lseek(f, (off_t)(dp->d_secsize * s1), SEEK_SET) < 0) 455 err(4, "lseek"); 456 if ((size_t)(n = read(f, buf, dp->d_secsize)) == dp->d_secsize) 457 break; 458 } 459 if ((size_t)n != dp->d_secsize) { 460 if (n < 0) 461 err(4, "can't read sector, %lld", (long long)s1); 462 else 463 errx(4, "can't read sector, %lld", (long long)s1); 464 return(0); 465 } 466 if (lseek(f, (off_t)(dp->d_secsize * s2), SEEK_SET) < 0) 467 err(4, "lseek"); 468 if (verbose) 469 printf("copying %lld to %lld\n", (long long)s1, (long long)s2); 470 if (nflag == 0 && (size_t)write(f, buf, dp->d_secsize) != dp->d_secsize) { 471 warn("can't write replacement sector, %lld", (long long)s2); 472 return(0); 473 } 474 return(1); 475 } 476 477 static void 478 blkzero(int f, daddr_t sn) 479 { 480 char *zbuf; 481 482 zbuf = calloc(1, (unsigned int)dp->d_secsize); 483 if (zbuf == NULL) 484 errx(20, "Out of memory"); 485 if (lseek(f, (off_t)(dp->d_secsize * sn), SEEK_SET) < 0) { 486 free(zbuf); 487 err(4, "lseek"); 488 } 489 if (verbose) 490 printf("zeroing %lld\n", (long long)sn); 491 if (nflag == 0 && (size_t)write(f, zbuf, dp->d_secsize) != dp->d_secsize) 492 warn("can't write replacement sector, %lld", 493 (long long)sn); 494 free(zbuf); 495 } 496 497 static int 498 compare(const void *v1, const void *v2) 499 { 500 const struct bt_bad *b1 = v1; 501 const struct bt_bad *b2 = v2; 502 503 if (b1->bt_cyl > b2->bt_cyl) 504 return(1); 505 if (b1->bt_cyl < b2->bt_cyl) 506 return(-1); 507 if (b1->bt_trksec == b2->bt_trksec) 508 dups++; 509 return (b1->bt_trksec - b2->bt_trksec); 510 } 511 512 static daddr_t 513 badsn(const struct bt_bad *bt) 514 { 515 516 return ((bt->bt_cyl * dp->d_ntracks 517 + (bt->bt_trksec >> 8)) * dp->d_nsectors 518 + (bt->bt_trksec & 0xff)); 519 } 520 521 #ifdef __vax__ 522 523 struct rp06hdr { 524 short h_cyl; 525 short h_trksec; 526 short h_key1; 527 short h_key2; 528 char h_data[512]; 529 #define RP06_FMT 010000 /* 1 == 16 bit, 0 == 18 bit */ 530 }; 531 532 /* 533 * Most massbus and unibus drives 534 * have headers of this form 535 */ 536 struct hpuphdr { 537 u_short hpup_cyl; 538 u_char hpup_sect; 539 u_char hpup_track; 540 char hpup_data[512]; 541 #define HPUP_OKSECT 0xc000 /* this normally means sector is good */ 542 #define HPUP_16BIT 0x1000 /* 1 == 16 bit format */ 543 }; 544 545 static int rp06format(struct formats *, struct disklabel *, daddr_t, char *, int); 546 static int hpupformat(struct formats *, struct disklabel *, daddr_t, char *, int); 547 548 static struct formats { 549 char *f_name; /* disk name */ 550 int f_bufsize; /* size of sector + header */ 551 int f_bic; /* value to bic in hpup_cyl */ 552 int (*f_routine)(); /* routine for special handling */ 553 } formats[] = { 554 { "rp06", sizeof (struct rp06hdr), RP06_FMT, rp06format }, 555 { "eagle", sizeof (struct hpuphdr), HPUP_OKSECT, hpupformat }, 556 { "capricorn", sizeof (struct hpuphdr), HPUP_OKSECT, hpupformat }, 557 { "rm03", sizeof (struct hpuphdr), HPUP_OKSECT, hpupformat }, 558 { "rm05", sizeof (struct hpuphdr), HPUP_OKSECT, hpupformat }, 559 { "9300", sizeof (struct hpuphdr), HPUP_OKSECT, hpupformat }, 560 { "9766", sizeof (struct hpuphdr), HPUP_OKSECT, hpupformat }, 561 { 0, 0, 0, 0 } 562 }; 563 564 /*ARGSUSED*/ 565 static int 566 hpupformat(struct formats *fp, struct disklabel *dp, daddr_t blk, char *buf, 567 int count) 568 { 569 struct hpuphdr *hdr = (struct hpuphdr *)buf; 570 int sect; 571 572 if (count < sizeof(struct hpuphdr)) { 573 hdr->hpup_cyl = (HPUP_OKSECT | HPUP_16BIT) | 574 (blk / (dp->d_nsectors * dp->d_ntracks)); 575 sect = blk % (dp->d_nsectors * dp->d_ntracks); 576 hdr->hpup_track = (u_char)(sect / dp->d_nsectors); 577 hdr->hpup_sect = (u_char)(sect % dp->d_nsectors); 578 } 579 return (0); 580 } 581 582 /*ARGSUSED*/ 583 static int 584 rp06format(struct formats *fp, struct disklabel *dp, daddr_t blk, char *buf, 585 int count) 586 { 587 588 if (count < sizeof(struct rp06hdr)) { 589 warnx("Can't read header on blk %d, can't reformat", blk); 590 return (-1); 591 } 592 return (0); 593 } 594 595 static void 596 format(int fd, daddr_t blk) 597 { 598 struct formats *fp; 599 static char *buf; 600 static char bufsize; 601 struct format_op fop; 602 int n; 603 604 for (fp = formats; fp->f_name; fp++) 605 if (strcmp(dp->d_typename, fp->f_name) == 0) 606 break; 607 if (fp->f_name == 0) 608 errx(2, "don't know how to format %s disks", dp->d_typename); 609 if (buf && bufsize < fp->f_bufsize) { 610 free(buf); 611 buf = NULL; 612 } 613 if (buf == NULL) 614 buf = malloc((unsigned)fp->f_bufsize); 615 if (buf == NULL) 616 errx(3, "can't allocate sector buffer"); 617 bufsize = fp->f_bufsize; 618 /* 619 * Here we do the actual formatting. All we really 620 * do is rewrite the sector header and flag the bad sector 621 * according to the format table description. If a special 622 * purpose format routine is specified, we allow it to 623 * process the sector as well. 624 */ 625 if (verbose) 626 printf("format blk %d\n", blk); 627 memset((char *)&fop, 0, sizeof(fop)); 628 fop.df_buf = buf; 629 fop.df_count = fp->f_bufsize; 630 fop.df_startblk = blk; 631 memset(buf, 0, fp->f_bufsize); 632 if (ioctl(fd, DIOCRFORMAT, &fop) < 0) 633 warn("read format"); 634 if (fp->f_routine && 635 (*fp->f_routine)(fp, dp, blk, buf, fop.df_count) != 0) 636 return; 637 if (fp->f_bic) { 638 struct hpuphdr *xp = (struct hpuphdr *)buf; 639 640 xp->hpup_cyl &= ~fp->f_bic; 641 } 642 if (nflag) 643 return; 644 memset((char *)&fop, 0, sizeof(fop)); 645 fop.df_buf = buf; 646 fop.df_count = fp->f_bufsize; 647 fop.df_startblk = blk; 648 if (ioctl(fd, DIOCWFORMAT, &fop) < 0) 649 err(4, "write format"); 650 if (fop.df_count != fp->f_bufsize) 651 warn("write format %d", blk); 652 } 653 #endif 654 655 static void 656 usage(void) 657 { 658 659 fprintf(stderr, "usage: bad144 [-%sv] disk [sno [bad ...]]\n" 660 "to read or overwrite the bad-sector table, e.g.: bad144 hp0\n" 661 "or bad144 -a [-c%sv] disk [bad ...]\n" 662 "where options are:\n" 663 "\t-a add new bad sectors to the table\n" 664 "\t-c copy original sector to replacement\n" 665 "%s" 666 "\t-v verbose mode\n", 667 #ifdef __vax__ 668 "f", "f", "\t-f reformat listed sectors as bad\n" 669 #else 670 "", "", "" 671 #endif 672 ); 673 exit(1); 674 } 675
Indexes created Sat Oct 11 16:09:52 GMT 2025