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      1 /*	$NetBSD: mdb.c,v 1.4 2025/09/05 21:16:22 christos Exp $	*/
      2 
      3 /** @file mdb.c
      4  *	@brief Lightning memory-mapped database library
      5  *
      6  *	A Btree-based database management library modeled loosely on the
      7  *	BerkeleyDB API, but much simplified.
      8  */
      9 /*
     10  * Copyright 2011-2021 Howard Chu, Symas Corp.
     11  * All rights reserved.
     12  *
     13  * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
     14  * modification, are permitted only as authorized by the OpenLDAP
     15  * Public License.
     16  *
     17  * A copy of this license is available in the file LICENSE in the
     18  * top-level directory of the distribution or, alternatively, at
     19  * <http://www.OpenLDAP.org/license.html>.
     20  *
     21  * This code is derived from btree.c written by Martin Hedenfalk.
     22  *
     23  * Copyright (c) 2009, 2010 Martin Hedenfalk <martin (at) bzero.se>
     24  *
     25  * Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software for any
     26  * purpose with or without fee is hereby granted, provided that the above
     27  * copyright notice and this permission notice appear in all copies.
     28  *
     29  * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS" AND THE AUTHOR DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES
     30  * WITH REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
     31  * MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR
     32  * ANY SPECIAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES
     33  * WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM LOSS OF USE, DATA OR PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN
     34  * ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT OF
     35  * OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE.
     36  */
     37 #ifndef _GNU_SOURCE
     38 #define _GNU_SOURCE 1
     39 #endif
     40 #if defined(__WIN64__)
     41 #define _FILE_OFFSET_BITS	64
     42 #endif
     43 #ifdef _WIN32
     44 #include <malloc.h>
     45 #include <windows.h>
     46 #include <wchar.h>				/* get wcscpy() */
     47 
     48 /** getpid() returns int; MinGW defines pid_t but MinGW64 typedefs it
     49  *  as int64 which is wrong. MSVC doesn't define it at all, so just
     50  *  don't use it.
     51  */
     52 #define MDB_PID_T	int
     53 #define MDB_THR_T	DWORD
     54 #include <sys/types.h>
     55 #include <sys/stat.h>
     56 #ifdef __GNUC__
     57 # include <sys/param.h>
     58 #else
     59 # define LITTLE_ENDIAN	1234
     60 # define BIG_ENDIAN	4321
     61 # define BYTE_ORDER	LITTLE_ENDIAN
     62 # ifndef SSIZE_MAX
     63 #  define SSIZE_MAX	INT_MAX
     64 # endif
     65 #endif
     66 #else
     67 #include <sys/types.h>
     68 #include <sys/stat.h>
     69 #define MDB_PID_T	pid_t
     70 #define MDB_THR_T	pthread_t
     71 #include <sys/param.h>
     72 #include <sys/uio.h>
     73 #include <sys/mman.h>
     74 #ifdef HAVE_SYS_FILE_H
     75 #include <sys/file.h>
     76 #endif
     77 #include <fcntl.h>
     78 #endif
     79 
     80 #if defined(__mips) && defined(__linux)
     81 /* MIPS has cache coherency issues, requires explicit cache control */
     82 #include <sys/cachectl.h>
     83 #define CACHEFLUSH(addr, bytes, cache)	cacheflush(addr, bytes, cache)
     84 #else
     85 #define CACHEFLUSH(addr, bytes, cache)
     86 #endif
     87 
     88 #if defined(__linux) && !defined(MDB_FDATASYNC_WORKS)
     89 /** fdatasync is broken on ext3/ext4fs on older kernels, see
     90  *	description in #mdb_env_open2 comments. You can safely
     91  *	define MDB_FDATASYNC_WORKS if this code will only be run
     92  *	on kernels 3.6 and newer.
     93  */
     94 #define	BROKEN_FDATASYNC
     95 #endif
     96 
     97 #include <errno.h>
     98 #include <limits.h>
     99 #include <stddef.h>
    100 #include <inttypes.h>
    101 #include <stdio.h>
    102 #include <stdlib.h>
    103 #include <string.h>
    104 #include <time.h>
    105 
    106 #ifdef _MSC_VER
    107 #include <io.h>
    108 typedef SSIZE_T	ssize_t;
    109 #else
    110 #include <unistd.h>
    111 #endif
    112 
    113 #if defined(__sun) || defined(ANDROID)
    114 /* Most platforms have posix_memalign, older may only have memalign */
    115 #define HAVE_MEMALIGN	1
    116 #include <malloc.h>
    117 /* On Solaris, we need the POSIX sigwait function */
    118 #if defined (__sun)
    119 # define _POSIX_PTHREAD_SEMANTICS	1
    120 #endif
    121 #endif
    122 
    123 #if !(defined(BYTE_ORDER) || defined(__BYTE_ORDER))
    124 #include <netinet/in.h>
    125 #include <resolv.h>	/* defines BYTE_ORDER on HPUX and Solaris */
    126 #endif
    127 
    128 #if defined(__FreeBSD__) && defined(__FreeBSD_version) && __FreeBSD_version >= 1100110
    129 # define MDB_USE_POSIX_MUTEX	1
    130 # define MDB_USE_ROBUST	1
    131 #elif defined(__APPLE__) || defined (BSD) || defined(__FreeBSD_kernel__)
    132 # define MDB_USE_POSIX_SEM	1
    133 # define MDB_FDATASYNC		fsync
    134 #elif defined(ANDROID)
    135 # define MDB_FDATASYNC		fsync
    136 #endif
    137 
    138 #ifndef _WIN32
    139 #include <pthread.h>
    140 #include <signal.h>
    141 #ifdef MDB_USE_POSIX_SEM
    142 # define MDB_USE_HASH		1
    143 #include <semaphore.h>
    144 #else
    145 #define MDB_USE_POSIX_MUTEX	1
    146 #endif
    147 #endif
    148 
    149 #if defined(_WIN32) + defined(MDB_USE_POSIX_SEM) \
    150 	+ defined(MDB_USE_POSIX_MUTEX) != 1
    151 # error "Ambiguous shared-lock implementation"
    152 #endif
    153 
    154 #ifdef USE_VALGRIND
    155 #include <valgrind/memcheck.h>
    156 #define VGMEMP_CREATE(h,r,z)    VALGRIND_CREATE_MEMPOOL(h,r,z)
    157 #define VGMEMP_ALLOC(h,a,s) VALGRIND_MEMPOOL_ALLOC(h,a,s)
    158 #define VGMEMP_FREE(h,a) VALGRIND_MEMPOOL_FREE(h,a)
    159 #define VGMEMP_DESTROY(h)	VALGRIND_DESTROY_MEMPOOL(h)
    160 #define VGMEMP_DEFINED(a,s)	VALGRIND_MAKE_MEM_DEFINED(a,s)
    161 #else
    162 #define VGMEMP_CREATE(h,r,z)
    163 #define VGMEMP_ALLOC(h,a,s)
    164 #define VGMEMP_FREE(h,a)
    165 #define VGMEMP_DESTROY(h)
    166 #define VGMEMP_DEFINED(a,s)
    167 #endif
    168 
    169 #ifndef BYTE_ORDER
    170 # if (defined(_LITTLE_ENDIAN) || defined(_BIG_ENDIAN)) && !(defined(_LITTLE_ENDIAN) && defined(_BIG_ENDIAN))
    171 /* Solaris just defines one or the other */
    172 #  define LITTLE_ENDIAN	1234
    173 #  define BIG_ENDIAN	4321
    174 #  ifdef _LITTLE_ENDIAN
    175 #   define BYTE_ORDER  LITTLE_ENDIAN
    176 #  else
    177 #   define BYTE_ORDER  BIG_ENDIAN
    178 #  endif
    179 # else
    180 #  define BYTE_ORDER   __BYTE_ORDER
    181 # endif
    182 #endif
    183 
    184 #ifndef LITTLE_ENDIAN
    185 #define LITTLE_ENDIAN	__LITTLE_ENDIAN
    186 #endif
    187 #ifndef BIG_ENDIAN
    188 #define BIG_ENDIAN	__BIG_ENDIAN
    189 #endif
    190 
    191 #if defined(__i386) || defined(__x86_64) || defined(_M_IX86)
    192 #define MISALIGNED_OK	1
    193 #endif
    194 
    195 #include "lmdb.h"
    196 #include "midl.h"
    197 
    198 #if (BYTE_ORDER == LITTLE_ENDIAN) == (BYTE_ORDER == BIG_ENDIAN)
    199 # error "Unknown or unsupported endianness (BYTE_ORDER)"
    200 #elif (-6 & 5) || CHAR_BIT != 8 || UINT_MAX < 0xffffffff || ULONG_MAX % 0xFFFF
    201 # error "Two's complement, reasonably sized integer types, please"
    202 #endif
    203 
    204 #if (((__clang_major__ << 8) | __clang_minor__) >= 0x0302) || (((__GNUC__ << 8) | __GNUC_MINOR__) >= 0x0403)
    205 /** Mark infrequently used env functions as cold. This puts them in a separate
    206  *  section, and optimizes them for size */
    207 #define ESECT __attribute__ ((cold))
    208 #else
    209 /* On older compilers, use a separate section */
    210 # ifdef __GNUC__
    211 #  ifdef __APPLE__
    212 #   define      ESECT   __attribute__ ((section("__TEXT,text_env")))
    213 #  else
    214 #   define      ESECT   __attribute__ ((section("text_env")))
    215 #  endif
    216 # else
    217 #  define ESECT
    218 # endif
    219 #endif
    220 
    221 #ifdef _WIN32
    222 #define CALL_CONV WINAPI
    223 #else
    224 #define CALL_CONV
    225 #endif
    226 
    227 /** @defgroup internal	LMDB Internals
    228  *	@{
    229  */
    230 /** @defgroup compat	Compatibility Macros
    231  *	A bunch of macros to minimize the amount of platform-specific ifdefs
    232  *	needed throughout the rest of the code. When the features this library
    233  *	needs are similar enough to POSIX to be hidden in a one-or-two line
    234  *	replacement, this macro approach is used.
    235  *	@{
    236  */
    237 
    238 	/** Features under development */
    239 #ifndef MDB_DEVEL
    240 #define MDB_DEVEL 0
    241 #endif
    242 
    243 	/** Wrapper around __func__, which is a C99 feature */
    244 #if __STDC_VERSION__ >= 199901L
    245 # define mdb_func_	__func__
    246 #elif __GNUC__ >= 2 || _MSC_VER >= 1300
    247 # define mdb_func_	__FUNCTION__
    248 #else
    249 /* If a debug message says <mdb_unknown>(), update the #if statements above */
    250 # define mdb_func_	"<mdb_unknown>"
    251 #endif
    252 
    253 /* Internal error codes, not exposed outside liblmdb */
    254 #define	MDB_NO_ROOT		(MDB_LAST_ERRCODE + 10)
    255 #ifdef _WIN32
    256 #define MDB_OWNERDEAD	((int) WAIT_ABANDONED)
    257 #elif defined(MDB_USE_POSIX_MUTEX) && defined(EOWNERDEAD)
    258 #define MDB_OWNERDEAD	EOWNERDEAD	/**< #LOCK_MUTEX0() result if dead owner */
    259 #endif
    260 
    261 #ifdef __GLIBC__
    262 #define	GLIBC_VER	((__GLIBC__ << 16 )| __GLIBC_MINOR__)
    263 #endif
    264 /** Some platforms define the EOWNERDEAD error code
    265  * even though they don't support Robust Mutexes.
    266  * Compile with -DMDB_USE_ROBUST=0, or use some other
    267  * mechanism like -DMDB_USE_POSIX_SEM instead of
    268  * -DMDB_USE_POSIX_MUTEX.
    269  * (Posix semaphores are not robust.)
    270  */
    271 #ifndef MDB_USE_ROBUST
    272 /* Android currently lacks Robust Mutex support. So does glibc < 2.4. */
    273 # if defined(MDB_USE_POSIX_MUTEX) && (defined(ANDROID) || \
    274 	(defined(__GLIBC__) && GLIBC_VER < 0x020004))
    275 #  define MDB_USE_ROBUST	0
    276 # else
    277 #  define MDB_USE_ROBUST	1
    278 # endif
    279 #endif /* !MDB_USE_ROBUST */
    280 
    281 #if defined(MDB_USE_POSIX_MUTEX) && (MDB_USE_ROBUST)
    282 /* glibc < 2.12 only provided _np API */
    283 #  if (defined(__GLIBC__) && GLIBC_VER < 0x02000c) || \
    284 	(defined(PTHREAD_MUTEX_ROBUST_NP) && !defined(PTHREAD_MUTEX_ROBUST))
    285 #   define PTHREAD_MUTEX_ROBUST	PTHREAD_MUTEX_ROBUST_NP
    286 #   define pthread_mutexattr_setrobust(attr, flag)	pthread_mutexattr_setrobust_np(attr, flag)
    287 #   define pthread_mutex_consistent(mutex)	pthread_mutex_consistent_np(mutex)
    288 #  endif
    289 #endif /* MDB_USE_POSIX_MUTEX && MDB_USE_ROBUST */
    290 
    291 #if defined(MDB_OWNERDEAD) && (MDB_USE_ROBUST)
    292 #define MDB_ROBUST_SUPPORTED	1
    293 #endif
    294 
    295 #ifdef _WIN32
    296 #define MDB_USE_HASH	1
    297 #define MDB_PIDLOCK	0
    298 #define THREAD_RET	DWORD
    299 #define pthread_t	HANDLE
    300 #define pthread_mutex_t	HANDLE
    301 #define pthread_cond_t	HANDLE
    302 typedef HANDLE mdb_mutex_t, mdb_mutexref_t;
    303 #define pthread_key_t	DWORD
    304 #define pthread_self()	GetCurrentThreadId()
    305 #define pthread_key_create(x,y)	\
    306 	((*(x) = TlsAlloc()) == TLS_OUT_OF_INDEXES ? ErrCode() : 0)
    307 #define pthread_key_delete(x)	TlsFree(x)
    308 #define pthread_getspecific(x)	TlsGetValue(x)
    309 #define pthread_setspecific(x,y)	(TlsSetValue(x,y) ? 0 : ErrCode())
    310 #define pthread_mutex_unlock(x)	ReleaseMutex(*x)
    311 #define pthread_mutex_lock(x)	WaitForSingleObject(*x, INFINITE)
    312 #define pthread_cond_signal(x)	SetEvent(*x)
    313 #define pthread_cond_wait(cond,mutex)	do{SignalObjectAndWait(*mutex, *cond, INFINITE, FALSE); WaitForSingleObject(*mutex, INFINITE);}while(0)
    314 #define THREAD_CREATE(thr,start,arg) \
    315 	(((thr) = CreateThread(NULL, 0, start, arg, 0, NULL)) ? 0 : ErrCode())
    316 #define THREAD_FINISH(thr) \
    317 	(WaitForSingleObject(thr, INFINITE) ? ErrCode() : 0)
    318 #define LOCK_MUTEX0(mutex)		WaitForSingleObject(mutex, INFINITE)
    319 #define UNLOCK_MUTEX(mutex)		ReleaseMutex(mutex)
    320 #define mdb_mutex_consistent(mutex)	0
    321 #define getpid()	GetCurrentProcessId()
    322 #define	MDB_FDATASYNC(fd)	(!FlushFileBuffers(fd))
    323 #define	MDB_MSYNC(addr,len,flags)	(!FlushViewOfFile(addr,len))
    324 #define	ErrCode()	GetLastError()
    325 #define GET_PAGESIZE(x) {SYSTEM_INFO si; GetSystemInfo(&si); (x) = si.dwPageSize;}
    326 #define	close(fd)	(CloseHandle(fd) ? 0 : -1)
    327 #define	munmap(ptr,len)	UnmapViewOfFile(ptr)
    328 #ifdef PROCESS_QUERY_LIMITED_INFORMATION
    329 #define MDB_PROCESS_QUERY_LIMITED_INFORMATION PROCESS_QUERY_LIMITED_INFORMATION
    330 #else
    331 #define MDB_PROCESS_QUERY_LIMITED_INFORMATION 0x1000
    332 #endif
    333 #define	Z	"I"
    334 #else
    335 #define THREAD_RET	void *
    336 #define THREAD_CREATE(thr,start,arg)	pthread_create(&thr,NULL,start,arg)
    337 #define THREAD_FINISH(thr)	pthread_join(thr,NULL)
    338 #define	Z	"z"			/**< printf format modifier for size_t */
    339 
    340 	/** For MDB_LOCK_FORMAT: True if readers take a pid lock in the lockfile */
    341 #define MDB_PIDLOCK			1
    342 
    343 #ifdef MDB_USE_POSIX_SEM
    344 
    345 typedef sem_t *mdb_mutex_t, *mdb_mutexref_t;
    346 #define LOCK_MUTEX0(mutex)		mdb_sem_wait(mutex)
    347 #define UNLOCK_MUTEX(mutex)		sem_post(mutex)
    348 
    349 static int
    350 mdb_sem_wait(sem_t *sem)
    351 {
    352    int rc;
    353    while ((rc = sem_wait(sem)) && (rc = errno) == EINTR) ;
    354    return rc;
    355 }
    356 
    357 #else	/* MDB_USE_POSIX_MUTEX: */
    358 	/** Shared mutex/semaphore as the original is stored.
    359 	 *
    360 	 *	Not for copies.  Instead it can be assigned to an #mdb_mutexref_t.
    361 	 *	When mdb_mutexref_t is a pointer and mdb_mutex_t is not, then it
    362 	 *	is array[size 1] so it can be assigned to the pointer.
    363 	 */
    364 typedef pthread_mutex_t mdb_mutex_t[1];
    365 	/** Reference to an #mdb_mutex_t */
    366 typedef pthread_mutex_t *mdb_mutexref_t;
    367 	/** Lock the reader or writer mutex.
    368 	 *	Returns 0 or a code to give #mdb_mutex_failed(), as in #LOCK_MUTEX().
    369 	 */
    370 #define LOCK_MUTEX0(mutex)	pthread_mutex_lock(mutex)
    371 	/** Unlock the reader or writer mutex.
    372 	 */
    373 #define UNLOCK_MUTEX(mutex)	pthread_mutex_unlock(mutex)
    374 	/** Mark mutex-protected data as repaired, after death of previous owner.
    375 	 */
    376 #define mdb_mutex_consistent(mutex)	pthread_mutex_consistent(mutex)
    377 #endif	/* MDB_USE_POSIX_SEM */
    378 
    379 	/** Get the error code for the last failed system function.
    380 	 */
    381 #define	ErrCode()	errno
    382 
    383 	/** An abstraction for a file handle.
    384 	 *	On POSIX systems file handles are small integers. On Windows
    385 	 *	they're opaque pointers.
    386 	 */
    387 #define	HANDLE	int
    388 
    389 	/**	A value for an invalid file handle.
    390 	 *	Mainly used to initialize file variables and signify that they are
    391 	 *	unused.
    392 	 */
    393 #define INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE	(-1)
    394 
    395 	/** Get the size of a memory page for the system.
    396 	 *	This is the basic size that the platform's memory manager uses, and is
    397 	 *	fundamental to the use of memory-mapped files.
    398 	 */
    399 #define	GET_PAGESIZE(x)	((x) = sysconf(_SC_PAGE_SIZE))
    400 #endif
    401 
    402 #if defined(_WIN32) || defined(MDB_USE_POSIX_SEM)
    403 #define MNAME_LEN	32
    404 #else
    405 #define MNAME_LEN	(sizeof(pthread_mutex_t))
    406 #endif
    407 
    408 /** @} */
    409 
    410 #ifdef MDB_ROBUST_SUPPORTED
    411 	/** Lock mutex, handle any error, set rc = result.
    412 	 *	Return 0 on success, nonzero (not rc) on error.
    413 	 */
    414 #define LOCK_MUTEX(rc, env, mutex) \
    415 	(((rc) = LOCK_MUTEX0(mutex)) && \
    416 	 ((rc) = mdb_mutex_failed(env, mutex, rc)))
    417 static int mdb_mutex_failed(MDB_env *env, mdb_mutexref_t mutex, int rc);
    418 #else
    419 #define LOCK_MUTEX(rc, env, mutex) ((rc) = LOCK_MUTEX0(mutex))
    420 #define mdb_mutex_failed(env, mutex, rc) (rc)
    421 #endif
    422 
    423 #ifndef _WIN32
    424 /**	A flag for opening a file and requesting synchronous data writes.
    425  *	This is only used when writing a meta page. It's not strictly needed;
    426  *	we could just do a normal write and then immediately perform a flush.
    427  *	But if this flag is available it saves us an extra system call.
    428  *
    429  *	@note If O_DSYNC is undefined but exists in /usr/include,
    430  * preferably set some compiler flag to get the definition.
    431  */
    432 #ifndef MDB_DSYNC
    433 # ifdef O_DSYNC
    434 # define MDB_DSYNC	O_DSYNC
    435 # else
    436 # define MDB_DSYNC	O_SYNC
    437 # endif
    438 #endif
    439 #endif
    440 
    441 /** Function for flushing the data of a file. Define this to fsync
    442  *	if fdatasync() is not supported.
    443  */
    444 #ifndef MDB_FDATASYNC
    445 # define MDB_FDATASYNC	fdatasync
    446 #endif
    447 
    448 #ifndef MDB_MSYNC
    449 # define MDB_MSYNC(addr,len,flags)	msync(addr,len,flags)
    450 #endif
    451 
    452 #ifndef MS_SYNC
    453 #define	MS_SYNC	1
    454 #endif
    455 
    456 #ifndef MS_ASYNC
    457 #define	MS_ASYNC	0
    458 #endif
    459 
    460 	/** A page number in the database.
    461 	 *	Note that 64 bit page numbers are overkill, since pages themselves
    462 	 *	already represent 12-13 bits of addressable memory, and the OS will
    463 	 *	always limit applications to a maximum of 63 bits of address space.
    464 	 *
    465 	 *	@note In the #MDB_node structure, we only store 48 bits of this value,
    466 	 *	which thus limits us to only 60 bits of addressable data.
    467 	 */
    468 typedef MDB_ID	pgno_t;
    469 
    470 	/** A transaction ID.
    471 	 *	See struct MDB_txn.mt_txnid for details.
    472 	 */
    473 typedef MDB_ID	txnid_t;
    474 
    475 /** @defgroup debug	Debug Macros
    476  *	@{
    477  */
    478 #ifndef MDB_DEBUG
    479 	/**	Enable debug output.  Needs variable argument macros (a C99 feature).
    480 	 *	Set this to 1 for copious tracing. Set to 2 to add dumps of all IDLs
    481 	 *	read from and written to the database (used for free space management).
    482 	 */
    483 #define MDB_DEBUG 0
    484 #endif
    485 
    486 #define MDB_DBG_INFO	1
    487 #define MDB_DBG_TRACE	2
    488 
    489 #if MDB_DEBUG
    490 static int mdb_debug = MDB_DBG_TRACE;
    491 static txnid_t mdb_debug_start;
    492 
    493 	/**	Print a debug message with printf formatting.
    494 	 *	Requires double parenthesis around 2 or more args.
    495 	 */
    496 # define DPRINTF(args) ((void) ((mdb_debug & MDB_DBG_INFO) && DPRINTF0 args))
    497 # define DPRINTF0(fmt, ...) \
    498 	fprintf(stderr, "%s:%d " fmt "\n", mdb_func_, __LINE__, __VA_ARGS__)
    499 	/** Trace info for replaying */
    500 # define MDB_TRACE(args)	((void) ((mdb_debug & MDB_DBG_TRACE) && DPRINTF1 args))
    501 # define DPRINTF1(fmt, ...) \
    502 	fprintf(stderr, ">%d:%s: " fmt "\n", getpid(), mdb_func_, __VA_ARGS__)
    503 #else
    504 # define DPRINTF(args)	((void) 0)
    505 # define MDB_TRACE(args)	((void) 0)
    506 #endif
    507 	/**	Print a debug string.
    508 	 *	The string is printed literally, with no format processing.
    509 	 */
    510 #define DPUTS(arg)	DPRINTF(("%s", arg))
    511 	/** Debugging output value of a cursor DBI: Negative in a sub-cursor. */
    512 #define DDBI(mc) \
    513 	(((mc)->mc_flags & C_SUB) ? -(int)(mc)->mc_dbi : (int)(mc)->mc_dbi)
    514 /** @} */
    515 
    516 	/**	@brief The maximum size of a database page.
    517 	 *
    518 	 *	It is 32k or 64k, since value-PAGEBASE must fit in
    519 	 *	#MDB_page.%mp_upper.
    520 	 *
    521 	 *	LMDB will use database pages < OS pages if needed.
    522 	 *	That causes more I/O in write transactions: The OS must
    523 	 *	know (read) the whole page before writing a partial page.
    524 	 *
    525 	 *	Note that we don't currently support Huge pages. On Linux,
    526 	 *	regular data files cannot use Huge pages, and in general
    527 	 *	Huge pages aren't actually pageable. We rely on the OS
    528 	 *	demand-pager to read our data and page it out when memory
    529 	 *	pressure from other processes is high. So until OSs have
    530 	 *	actual paging support for Huge pages, they're not viable.
    531 	 */
    532 #define MAX_PAGESIZE	 (PAGEBASE ? 0x10000 : 0x8000)
    533 
    534 	/** The minimum number of keys required in a database page.
    535 	 *	Setting this to a larger value will place a smaller bound on the
    536 	 *	maximum size of a data item. Data items larger than this size will
    537 	 *	be pushed into overflow pages instead of being stored directly in
    538 	 *	the B-tree node. This value used to default to 4. With a page size
    539 	 *	of 4096 bytes that meant that any item larger than 1024 bytes would
    540 	 *	go into an overflow page. That also meant that on average 2-3KB of
    541 	 *	each overflow page was wasted space. The value cannot be lower than
    542 	 *	2 because then there would no longer be a tree structure. With this
    543 	 *	value, items larger than 2KB will go into overflow pages, and on
    544 	 *	average only 1KB will be wasted.
    545 	 */
    546 #define MDB_MINKEYS	 2
    547 
    548 	/**	A stamp that identifies a file as an LMDB file.
    549 	 *	There's nothing special about this value other than that it is easily
    550 	 *	recognizable, and it will reflect any byte order mismatches.
    551 	 */
    552 #define MDB_MAGIC	 0xBEEFC0DE
    553 
    554 	/**	The version number for a database's datafile format. */
    555 #define MDB_DATA_VERSION	 ((MDB_DEVEL) ? 999 : 1)
    556 	/**	The version number for a database's lockfile format. */
    557 #define MDB_LOCK_VERSION	 1
    558 
    559 	/**	@brief The max size of a key we can write, or 0 for computed max.
    560 	 *
    561 	 *	This macro should normally be left alone or set to 0.
    562 	 *	Note that a database with big keys or dupsort data cannot be
    563 	 *	reliably modified by a liblmdb which uses a smaller max.
    564 	 *	The default is 511 for backwards compat, or 0 when #MDB_DEVEL.
    565 	 *
    566 	 *	Other values are allowed, for backwards compat.  However:
    567 	 *	A value bigger than the computed max can break if you do not
    568 	 *	know what you are doing, and liblmdb <= 0.9.10 can break when
    569 	 *	modifying a DB with keys/dupsort data bigger than its max.
    570 	 *
    571 	 *	Data items in an #MDB_DUPSORT database are also limited to
    572 	 *	this size, since they're actually keys of a sub-DB.  Keys and
    573 	 *	#MDB_DUPSORT data items must fit on a node in a regular page.
    574 	 */
    575 #ifndef MDB_MAXKEYSIZE
    576 #define MDB_MAXKEYSIZE	 ((MDB_DEVEL) ? 0 : 511)
    577 #endif
    578 
    579 	/**	The maximum size of a key we can write to the environment. */
    580 #if MDB_MAXKEYSIZE
    581 #define ENV_MAXKEY(env)	(MDB_MAXKEYSIZE)
    582 #else
    583 #define ENV_MAXKEY(env)	((env)->me_maxkey)
    584 #endif
    585 
    586 	/**	@brief The maximum size of a data item.
    587 	 *
    588 	 *	We only store a 32 bit value for node sizes.
    589 	 */
    590 #define MAXDATASIZE	0xffffffffUL
    591 
    592 #if MDB_DEBUG
    593 	/**	Key size which fits in a #DKBUF.
    594 	 *	@ingroup debug
    595 	 */
    596 #define DKBUF_MAXKEYSIZE ((MDB_MAXKEYSIZE) > 0 ? (MDB_MAXKEYSIZE) : 511)
    597 	/**	A key buffer.
    598 	 *	@ingroup debug
    599 	 *	This is used for printing a hex dump of a key's contents.
    600 	 */
    601 #define DKBUF	char kbuf[DKBUF_MAXKEYSIZE*2+1]
    602 	/**	A data value buffer.
    603 	 *	@ingroup debug
    604 	 *	This is used for printing a hex dump of a #MDB_DUPSORT value's contents.
    605 	 */
    606 #define DDBUF	char dbuf[DKBUF_MAXKEYSIZE*2+1+2]
    607 	/**	Display a key in hex.
    608 	 *	@ingroup debug
    609 	 *	Invoke a function to display a key in hex.
    610 	 */
    611 #define	DKEY(x)	mdb_dkey(x, kbuf)
    612 #else
    613 #define	DKBUF
    614 #define	DDBUF
    615 #define DKEY(x)	0
    616 #endif
    617 
    618 	/** An invalid page number.
    619 	 *	Mainly used to denote an empty tree.
    620 	 */
    621 #define P_INVALID	 (~(pgno_t)0)
    622 
    623 	/** Test if the flags \b f are set in a flag word \b w. */
    624 #define F_ISSET(w, f)	 (((w) & (f)) == (f))
    625 
    626 	/** Round \b n up to an even number. */
    627 #define EVEN(n)		(((n) + 1U) & -2) /* sign-extending -2 to match n+1U */
    628 
    629 	/**	Used for offsets within a single page.
    630 	 *	Since memory pages are typically 4 or 8KB in size, 12-13 bits,
    631 	 *	this is plenty.
    632 	 */
    633 typedef uint16_t	 indx_t;
    634 
    635 	/**	Default size of memory map.
    636 	 *	This is certainly too small for any actual applications. Apps should always set
    637 	 *	the size explicitly using #mdb_env_set_mapsize().
    638 	 */
    639 #define DEFAULT_MAPSIZE	1048576
    640 
    641 /**	@defgroup readers	Reader Lock Table
    642  *	Readers don't acquire any locks for their data access. Instead, they
    643  *	simply record their transaction ID in the reader table. The reader
    644  *	mutex is needed just to find an empty slot in the reader table. The
    645  *	slot's address is saved in thread-specific data so that subsequent read
    646  *	transactions started by the same thread need no further locking to proceed.
    647  *
    648  *	If #MDB_NOTLS is set, the slot address is not saved in thread-specific data.
    649  *
    650  *	No reader table is used if the database is on a read-only filesystem, or
    651  *	if #MDB_NOLOCK is set.
    652  *
    653  *	Since the database uses multi-version concurrency control, readers don't
    654  *	actually need any locking. This table is used to keep track of which
    655  *	readers are using data from which old transactions, so that we'll know
    656  *	when a particular old transaction is no longer in use. Old transactions
    657  *	that have discarded any data pages can then have those pages reclaimed
    658  *	for use by a later write transaction.
    659  *
    660  *	The lock table is constructed such that reader slots are aligned with the
    661  *	processor's cache line size. Any slot is only ever used by one thread.
    662  *	This alignment guarantees that there will be no contention or cache
    663  *	thrashing as threads update their own slot info, and also eliminates
    664  *	any need for locking when accessing a slot.
    665  *
    666  *	A writer thread will scan every slot in the table to determine the oldest
    667  *	outstanding reader transaction. Any freed pages older than this will be
    668  *	reclaimed by the writer. The writer doesn't use any locks when scanning
    669  *	this table. This means that there's no guarantee that the writer will
    670  *	see the most up-to-date reader info, but that's not required for correct
    671  *	operation - all we need is to know the upper bound on the oldest reader,
    672  *	we don't care at all about the newest reader. So the only consequence of
    673  *	reading stale information here is that old pages might hang around a
    674  *	while longer before being reclaimed. That's actually good anyway, because
    675  *	the longer we delay reclaiming old pages, the more likely it is that a
    676  *	string of contiguous pages can be found after coalescing old pages from
    677  *	many old transactions together.
    678  *	@{
    679  */
    680 	/**	Number of slots in the reader table.
    681 	 *	This value was chosen somewhat arbitrarily. 126 readers plus a
    682 	 *	couple mutexes fit exactly into 8KB on my development machine.
    683 	 *	Applications should set the table size using #mdb_env_set_maxreaders().
    684 	 */
    685 #define DEFAULT_READERS	126
    686 
    687 	/**	The size of a CPU cache line in bytes. We want our lock structures
    688 	 *	aligned to this size to avoid false cache line sharing in the
    689 	 *	lock table.
    690 	 *	This value works for most CPUs. For Itanium this should be 128.
    691 	 */
    692 #ifndef CACHELINE
    693 #define CACHELINE	64
    694 #endif
    695 
    696 	/**	The information we store in a single slot of the reader table.
    697 	 *	In addition to a transaction ID, we also record the process and
    698 	 *	thread ID that owns a slot, so that we can detect stale information,
    699 	 *	e.g. threads or processes that went away without cleaning up.
    700 	 *	@note We currently don't check for stale records. We simply re-init
    701 	 *	the table when we know that we're the only process opening the
    702 	 *	lock file.
    703 	 */
    704 typedef struct MDB_rxbody {
    705 	/**	Current Transaction ID when this transaction began, or (txnid_t)-1.
    706 	 *	Multiple readers that start at the same time will probably have the
    707 	 *	same ID here. Again, it's not important to exclude them from
    708 	 *	anything; all we need to know is which version of the DB they
    709 	 *	started from so we can avoid overwriting any data used in that
    710 	 *	particular version.
    711 	 */
    712 	volatile txnid_t		mrb_txnid;
    713 	/** The process ID of the process owning this reader txn. */
    714 	volatile MDB_PID_T	mrb_pid;
    715 	/** The thread ID of the thread owning this txn. */
    716 	volatile MDB_THR_T	mrb_tid;
    717 } MDB_rxbody;
    718 
    719 	/** The actual reader record, with cacheline padding. */
    720 typedef struct MDB_reader {
    721 	union {
    722 		MDB_rxbody mrx;
    723 		/** shorthand for mrb_txnid */
    724 #define	mr_txnid	mru.mrx.mrb_txnid
    725 #define	mr_pid	mru.mrx.mrb_pid
    726 #define	mr_tid	mru.mrx.mrb_tid
    727 		/** cache line alignment */
    728 		char pad[(sizeof(MDB_rxbody)+CACHELINE-1) & ~(CACHELINE-1)];
    729 	} mru;
    730 } MDB_reader;
    731 
    732 	/** The header for the reader table.
    733 	 *	The table resides in a memory-mapped file. (This is a different file
    734 	 *	than is used for the main database.)
    735 	 *
    736 	 *	For POSIX the actual mutexes reside in the shared memory of this
    737 	 *	mapped file. On Windows, mutexes are named objects allocated by the
    738 	 *	kernel; we store the mutex names in this mapped file so that other
    739 	 *	processes can grab them. This same approach is also used on
    740 	 *	MacOSX/Darwin (using named semaphores) since MacOSX doesn't support
    741 	 *	process-shared POSIX mutexes. For these cases where a named object
    742 	 *	is used, the object name is derived from a 64 bit FNV hash of the
    743 	 *	environment pathname. As such, naming collisions are extremely
    744 	 *	unlikely. If a collision occurs, the results are unpredictable.
    745 	 */
    746 typedef struct MDB_txbody {
    747 		/** Stamp identifying this as an LMDB file. It must be set
    748 		 *	to #MDB_MAGIC. */
    749 	uint32_t	mtb_magic;
    750 		/** Format of this lock file. Must be set to #MDB_LOCK_FORMAT. */
    751 	uint32_t	mtb_format;
    752 #if defined(_WIN32) || defined(MDB_USE_POSIX_SEM)
    753 	char	mtb_rmname[MNAME_LEN];
    754 #else
    755 		/** Mutex protecting access to this table.
    756 		 *	This is the reader table lock used with LOCK_MUTEX().
    757 		 */
    758 	mdb_mutex_t	mtb_rmutex;
    759 #endif
    760 		/**	The ID of the last transaction committed to the database.
    761 		 *	This is recorded here only for convenience; the value can always
    762 		 *	be determined by reading the main database meta pages.
    763 		 */
    764 	volatile txnid_t		mtb_txnid;
    765 		/** The number of slots that have been used in the reader table.
    766 		 *	This always records the maximum count, it is not decremented
    767 		 *	when readers release their slots.
    768 		 */
    769 	volatile unsigned	mtb_numreaders;
    770 } MDB_txbody;
    771 
    772 	/** The actual reader table definition. */
    773 typedef struct MDB_txninfo {
    774 	union {
    775 		MDB_txbody mtb;
    776 #define mti_magic	mt1.mtb.mtb_magic
    777 #define mti_format	mt1.mtb.mtb_format
    778 #define mti_rmutex	mt1.mtb.mtb_rmutex
    779 #define mti_rmname	mt1.mtb.mtb_rmname
    780 #define mti_txnid	mt1.mtb.mtb_txnid
    781 #define mti_numreaders	mt1.mtb.mtb_numreaders
    782 		char pad[(sizeof(MDB_txbody)+CACHELINE-1) & ~(CACHELINE-1)];
    783 	} mt1;
    784 	union {
    785 #if defined(_WIN32) || defined(MDB_USE_POSIX_SEM)
    786 		char mt2_wmname[MNAME_LEN];
    787 #define	mti_wmname	mt2.mt2_wmname
    788 #else
    789 		mdb_mutex_t	mt2_wmutex;
    790 #define mti_wmutex	mt2.mt2_wmutex
    791 #endif
    792 		char pad[(MNAME_LEN+CACHELINE-1) & ~(CACHELINE-1)];
    793 	} mt2;
    794 	MDB_reader	mti_readers[1];
    795 } MDB_txninfo;
    796 
    797 	/** Lockfile format signature: version, features and field layout */
    798 #define MDB_LOCK_FORMAT \
    799 	((uint32_t) \
    800 	 ((MDB_LOCK_VERSION) \
    801 	  /* Flags which describe functionality */ \
    802 	  + (((MDB_PIDLOCK) != 0) << 16)))
    803 /** @} */
    804 
    805 /** Common header for all page types. The page type depends on #mp_flags.
    806  *
    807  * #P_BRANCH and #P_LEAF pages have unsorted '#MDB_node's at the end, with
    808  * sorted #mp_ptrs[] entries referring to them. Exception: #P_LEAF2 pages
    809  * omit mp_ptrs and pack sorted #MDB_DUPFIXED values after the page header.
    810  *
    811  * #P_OVERFLOW records occupy one or more contiguous pages where only the
    812  * first has a page header. They hold the real data of #F_BIGDATA nodes.
    813  *
    814  * #P_SUBP sub-pages are small leaf "pages" with duplicate data.
    815  * A node with flag #F_DUPDATA but not #F_SUBDATA contains a sub-page.
    816  * (Duplicate data can also go in sub-databases, which use normal pages.)
    817  *
    818  * #P_META pages contain #MDB_meta, the start point of an LMDB snapshot.
    819  *
    820  * Each non-metapage up to #MDB_meta.%mm_last_pg is reachable exactly once
    821  * in the snapshot: Either used by a database or listed in a freeDB record.
    822  */
    823 typedef struct MDB_page {
    824 #define	mp_pgno	mp_p.p_pgno
    825 #define	mp_next	mp_p.p_next
    826 	union {
    827 		pgno_t		p_pgno;	/**< page number */
    828 		struct MDB_page *p_next; /**< for in-memory list of freed pages */
    829 	} mp_p;
    830 	uint16_t	mp_pad;			/**< key size if this is a LEAF2 page */
    831 /**	@defgroup mdb_page	Page Flags
    832  *	@ingroup internal
    833  *	Flags for the page headers.
    834  *	@{
    835  */
    836 #define	P_BRANCH	 0x01		/**< branch page */
    837 #define	P_LEAF		 0x02		/**< leaf page */
    838 #define	P_OVERFLOW	 0x04		/**< overflow page */
    839 #define	P_META		 0x08		/**< meta page */
    840 #define	P_DIRTY		 0x10		/**< dirty page, also set for #P_SUBP pages */
    841 #define	P_LEAF2		 0x20		/**< for #MDB_DUPFIXED records */
    842 #define	P_SUBP		 0x40		/**< for #MDB_DUPSORT sub-pages */
    843 #define	P_LOOSE		 0x4000		/**< page was dirtied then freed, can be reused */
    844 #define	P_KEEP		 0x8000		/**< leave this page alone during spill */
    845 /** @} */
    846 	uint16_t	mp_flags;		/**< @ref mdb_page */
    847 #define mp_lower	mp_pb.pb.pb_lower
    848 #define mp_upper	mp_pb.pb.pb_upper
    849 #define mp_pages	mp_pb.pb_pages
    850 	union {
    851 		struct {
    852 			indx_t		pb_lower;		/**< lower bound of free space */
    853 			indx_t		pb_upper;		/**< upper bound of free space */
    854 		} pb;
    855 		uint32_t	pb_pages;	/**< number of overflow pages */
    856 	} mp_pb;
    857 	indx_t		mp_ptrs[0];		/**< dynamic size */
    858 } MDB_page;
    859 
    860 /** Alternate page header, for 2-byte aligned access */
    861 typedef struct MDB_page2 {
    862 	uint16_t	mp2_p[sizeof(pgno_t)/2];
    863 	uint16_t	mp2_pad;
    864 	uint16_t	mp2_flags;
    865 	indx_t		mp2_lower;
    866 	indx_t		mp2_upper;
    867 	indx_t		mp2_ptrs[0];
    868 } MDB_page2;
    869 
    870 #define MP_PGNO(p)	(((MDB_page2 *)(void *)(p))->mp2_p)
    871 #define MP_PAD(p)	(((MDB_page2 *)(void *)(p))->mp2_pad)
    872 #define MP_FLAGS(p)	(((MDB_page2 *)(void *)(p))->mp2_flags)
    873 #define MP_LOWER(p)	(((MDB_page2 *)(void *)(p))->mp2_lower)
    874 #define MP_UPPER(p)	(((MDB_page2 *)(void *)(p))->mp2_upper)
    875 #define MP_PTRS(p)	(((MDB_page2 *)(void *)(p))->mp2_ptrs)
    876 
    877 	/** Size of the page header, excluding dynamic data at the end */
    878 #define PAGEHDRSZ	 ((unsigned) offsetof(MDB_page, mp_ptrs))
    879 
    880 	/** Address of first usable data byte in a page, after the header */
    881 #define METADATA(p)	 ((void *)((char *)(p) + PAGEHDRSZ))
    882 
    883 	/** ITS#7713, change PAGEBASE to handle 65536 byte pages */
    884 #define	PAGEBASE	((MDB_DEVEL) ? PAGEHDRSZ : 0)
    885 
    886 	/** Number of nodes on a page */
    887 #define NUMKEYS(p)	 ((MP_LOWER(p) - (PAGEHDRSZ-PAGEBASE)) >> 1)
    888 
    889 	/** The amount of space remaining in the page */
    890 #define SIZELEFT(p)	 (indx_t)(MP_UPPER(p) - MP_LOWER(p))
    891 
    892 	/** The percentage of space used in the page, in tenths of a percent. */
    893 #define PAGEFILL(env, p) (1000L * ((env)->me_psize - PAGEHDRSZ - SIZELEFT(p)) / \
    894 				((env)->me_psize - PAGEHDRSZ))
    895 	/** The minimum page fill factor, in tenths of a percent.
    896 	 *	Pages emptier than this are candidates for merging.
    897 	 */
    898 #define FILL_THRESHOLD	 250
    899 
    900 	/** Test if a page is a leaf page */
    901 #define IS_LEAF(p)	 F_ISSET(MP_FLAGS(p), P_LEAF)
    902 	/** Test if a page is a LEAF2 page */
    903 #define IS_LEAF2(p)	 F_ISSET(MP_FLAGS(p), P_LEAF2)
    904 	/** Test if a page is a branch page */
    905 #define IS_BRANCH(p)	 F_ISSET(MP_FLAGS(p), P_BRANCH)
    906 	/** Test if a page is an overflow page */
    907 #define IS_OVERFLOW(p)	 F_ISSET(MP_FLAGS(p), P_OVERFLOW)
    908 	/** Test if a page is a sub page */
    909 #define IS_SUBP(p)	 F_ISSET(MP_FLAGS(p), P_SUBP)
    910 
    911 	/** The number of overflow pages needed to store the given size. */
    912 #define OVPAGES(size, psize)	((PAGEHDRSZ-1 + (size)) / (psize) + 1)
    913 
    914 	/** Link in #MDB_txn.%mt_loose_pgs list.
    915 	 *  Kept outside the page header, which is needed when reusing the page.
    916 	 */
    917 #define NEXT_LOOSE_PAGE(p)		(*(MDB_page **)((p) + 2))
    918 
    919 	/** Header for a single key/data pair within a page.
    920 	 * Used in pages of type #P_BRANCH and #P_LEAF without #P_LEAF2.
    921 	 * We guarantee 2-byte alignment for 'MDB_node's.
    922 	 *
    923 	 * #mn_lo and #mn_hi are used for data size on leaf nodes, and for child
    924 	 * pgno on branch nodes.  On 64 bit platforms, #mn_flags is also used
    925 	 * for pgno.  (Branch nodes have no flags).  Lo and hi are in host byte
    926 	 * order in case some accesses can be optimized to 32-bit word access.
    927 	 *
    928 	 * Leaf node flags describe node contents.  #F_BIGDATA says the node's
    929 	 * data part is the page number of an overflow page with actual data.
    930 	 * #F_DUPDATA and #F_SUBDATA can be combined giving duplicate data in
    931 	 * a sub-page/sub-database, and named databases (just #F_SUBDATA).
    932 	 */
    933 typedef struct MDB_node {
    934 	/** part of data size or pgno
    935 	 *	@{ */
    936 #if BYTE_ORDER == LITTLE_ENDIAN
    937 	unsigned short	mn_lo, mn_hi;
    938 #else
    939 	unsigned short	mn_hi, mn_lo;
    940 #endif
    941 	/** @} */
    942 /** @defgroup mdb_node Node Flags
    943  *	@ingroup internal
    944  *	Flags for node headers.
    945  *	@{
    946  */
    947 #define F_BIGDATA	 0x01			/**< data put on overflow page */
    948 #define F_SUBDATA	 0x02			/**< data is a sub-database */
    949 #define F_DUPDATA	 0x04			/**< data has duplicates */
    950 
    951 /** valid flags for #mdb_node_add() */
    952 #define	NODE_ADD_FLAGS	(F_DUPDATA|F_SUBDATA|MDB_RESERVE|MDB_APPEND)
    953 
    954 /** @} */
    955 	unsigned short	mn_flags;		/**< @ref mdb_node */
    956 	unsigned short	mn_ksize;		/**< key size */
    957 	char		mn_data[1];			/**< key and data are appended here */
    958 } MDB_node;
    959 
    960 	/** Size of the node header, excluding dynamic data at the end */
    961 #define NODESIZE	 offsetof(MDB_node, mn_data)
    962 
    963 	/** Bit position of top word in page number, for shifting mn_flags */
    964 #define PGNO_TOPWORD ((pgno_t)-1 > 0xffffffffu ? 32 : 0)
    965 
    966 	/** Size of a node in a branch page with a given key.
    967 	 *	This is just the node header plus the key, there is no data.
    968 	 */
    969 #define INDXSIZE(k)	 (NODESIZE + ((k) == NULL ? 0 : (k)->mv_size))
    970 
    971 	/** Size of a node in a leaf page with a given key and data.
    972 	 *	This is node header plus key plus data size.
    973 	 */
    974 #define LEAFSIZE(k, d)	 (NODESIZE + (k)->mv_size + (d)->mv_size)
    975 
    976 	/** Address of node \b i in page \b p */
    977 #define NODEPTR(p, i)	 ((MDB_node *)((char *)(p) + MP_PTRS(p)[i] + PAGEBASE))
    978 
    979 	/** Address of the key for the node */
    980 #define NODEKEY(node)	 (void *)((node)->mn_data)
    981 
    982 	/** Address of the data for a node */
    983 #define NODEDATA(node)	 (void *)((char *)(node)->mn_data + (node)->mn_ksize)
    984 
    985 	/** Get the page number pointed to by a branch node */
    986 #define NODEPGNO(node) \
    987 	((node)->mn_lo | ((pgno_t) (node)->mn_hi << 16) | \
    988 	 (PGNO_TOPWORD ? ((pgno_t) (node)->mn_flags << PGNO_TOPWORD) : 0))
    989 	/** Set the page number in a branch node */
    990 #define SETPGNO(node,pgno)	do { \
    991 	(node)->mn_lo = (pgno) & 0xffff; (node)->mn_hi = (pgno) >> 16; \
    992 	if (PGNO_TOPWORD) (node)->mn_flags = (pgno) >> PGNO_TOPWORD; } while(0)
    993 
    994 	/** Get the size of the data in a leaf node */
    995 #define NODEDSZ(node)	 ((node)->mn_lo | ((unsigned)(node)->mn_hi << 16))
    996 	/** Set the size of the data for a leaf node */
    997 #define SETDSZ(node,size)	do { \
    998 	(node)->mn_lo = (size) & 0xffff; (node)->mn_hi = (size) >> 16;} while(0)
    999 	/** The size of a key in a node */
   1000 #define NODEKSZ(node)	 ((node)->mn_ksize)
   1001 
   1002 	/** Copy a page number from src to dst */
   1003 #ifdef MISALIGNED_OK
   1004 #define COPY_PGNO(dst,src)	dst = src
   1005 #undef MP_PGNO
   1006 #define MP_PGNO(p)	((p)->mp_pgno)
   1007 #else
   1008 #if SIZE_MAX > 4294967295UL
   1009 #define COPY_PGNO(dst,src)	do { \
   1010 	unsigned short *s, *d;	\
   1011 	s = (unsigned short *)&(src);	\
   1012 	d = (unsigned short *)&(dst);	\
   1013 	*d++ = *s++;	\
   1014 	*d++ = *s++;	\
   1015 	*d++ = *s++;	\
   1016 	*d = *s;	\
   1017 } while (0)
   1018 #else
   1019 #define COPY_PGNO(dst,src)	do { \
   1020 	unsigned short *s, *d;	\
   1021 	s = (unsigned short *)&(src);	\
   1022 	d = (unsigned short *)&(dst);	\
   1023 	*d++ = *s++;	\
   1024 	*d = *s;	\
   1025 } while (0)
   1026 #endif
   1027 #endif
   1028 	/** The address of a key in a LEAF2 page.
   1029 	 *	LEAF2 pages are used for #MDB_DUPFIXED sorted-duplicate sub-DBs.
   1030 	 *	There are no node headers, keys are stored contiguously.
   1031 	 */
   1032 #define LEAF2KEY(p, i, ks)	((char *)(p) + PAGEHDRSZ + ((i)*(ks)))
   1033 
   1034 	/** Set the \b node's key into \b keyptr, if requested. */
   1035 #define MDB_GET_KEY(node, keyptr)	{ if ((keyptr) != NULL) { \
   1036 	(keyptr)->mv_size = NODEKSZ(node); (keyptr)->mv_data = NODEKEY(node); } }
   1037 
   1038 	/** Set the \b node's key into \b key. */
   1039 #define MDB_GET_KEY2(node, key)	{ key.mv_size = NODEKSZ(node); key.mv_data = NODEKEY(node); }
   1040 
   1041 	/** Information about a single database in the environment. */
   1042 typedef struct MDB_db {
   1043 	uint32_t	md_pad;		/**< also ksize for LEAF2 pages */
   1044 	uint16_t	md_flags;	/**< @ref mdb_dbi_open */
   1045 	uint16_t	md_depth;	/**< depth of this tree */
   1046 	pgno_t		md_branch_pages;	/**< number of internal pages */
   1047 	pgno_t		md_leaf_pages;		/**< number of leaf pages */
   1048 	pgno_t		md_overflow_pages;	/**< number of overflow pages */
   1049 	size_t		md_entries;		/**< number of data items */
   1050 	pgno_t		md_root;		/**< the root page of this tree */
   1051 } MDB_db;
   1052 
   1053 #define MDB_VALID	0x8000		/**< DB handle is valid, for me_dbflags */
   1054 #define PERSISTENT_FLAGS	(0xffff & ~(MDB_VALID))
   1055 	/** #mdb_dbi_open() flags */
   1056 #define VALID_FLAGS	(MDB_REVERSEKEY|MDB_DUPSORT|MDB_INTEGERKEY|MDB_DUPFIXED|\
   1057 	MDB_INTEGERDUP|MDB_REVERSEDUP|MDB_CREATE)
   1058 
   1059 	/** Handle for the DB used to track free pages. */
   1060 #define	FREE_DBI	0
   1061 	/** Handle for the default DB. */
   1062 #define	MAIN_DBI	1
   1063 	/** Number of DBs in metapage (free and main) - also hardcoded elsewhere */
   1064 #define CORE_DBS	2
   1065 
   1066 	/** Number of meta pages - also hardcoded elsewhere */
   1067 #define NUM_METAS	2
   1068 
   1069 	/** Meta page content.
   1070 	 *	A meta page is the start point for accessing a database snapshot.
   1071 	 *	Pages 0-1 are meta pages. Transaction N writes meta page #(N % 2).
   1072 	 */
   1073 typedef struct MDB_meta {
   1074 		/** Stamp identifying this as an LMDB file. It must be set
   1075 		 *	to #MDB_MAGIC. */
   1076 	uint32_t	mm_magic;
   1077 		/** Version number of this file. Must be set to #MDB_DATA_VERSION. */
   1078 	uint32_t	mm_version;
   1079 	void		*mm_address;		/**< address for fixed mapping */
   1080 	size_t		mm_mapsize;			/**< size of mmap region */
   1081 	MDB_db		mm_dbs[CORE_DBS];	/**< first is free space, 2nd is main db */
   1082 	/** The size of pages used in this DB */
   1083 #define	mm_psize	mm_dbs[FREE_DBI].md_pad
   1084 	/** Any persistent environment flags. @ref mdb_env */
   1085 #define	mm_flags	mm_dbs[FREE_DBI].md_flags
   1086 	/** Last used page in the datafile.
   1087 	 *	Actually the file may be shorter if the freeDB lists the final pages.
   1088 	 */
   1089 	pgno_t		mm_last_pg;
   1090 	volatile txnid_t	mm_txnid;	/**< txnid that committed this page */
   1091 } MDB_meta;
   1092 
   1093 	/** Buffer for a stack-allocated meta page.
   1094 	 *	The members define size and alignment, and silence type
   1095 	 *	aliasing warnings.  They are not used directly; that could
   1096 	 *	mean incorrectly using several union members in parallel.
   1097 	 */
   1098 typedef union MDB_metabuf {
   1099 	MDB_page	mb_page;
   1100 	struct {
   1101 		char		mm_pad[PAGEHDRSZ];
   1102 		MDB_meta	mm_meta;
   1103 	} mb_metabuf;
   1104 } MDB_metabuf;
   1105 
   1106 	/** Auxiliary DB info.
   1107 	 *	The information here is mostly static/read-only. There is
   1108 	 *	only a single copy of this record in the environment.
   1109 	 */
   1110 typedef struct MDB_dbx {
   1111 	MDB_val		md_name;		/**< name of the database */
   1112 	MDB_cmp_func	*md_cmp;	/**< function for comparing keys */
   1113 	MDB_cmp_func	*md_dcmp;	/**< function for comparing data items */
   1114 	MDB_rel_func	*md_rel;	/**< user relocate function */
   1115 	void		*md_relctx;		/**< user-provided context for md_rel */
   1116 } MDB_dbx;
   1117 
   1118 	/** A database transaction.
   1119 	 *	Every operation requires a transaction handle.
   1120 	 */
   1121 struct MDB_txn {
   1122 	MDB_txn		*mt_parent;		/**< parent of a nested txn */
   1123 	/** Nested txn under this txn, set together with flag #MDB_TXN_HAS_CHILD */
   1124 	MDB_txn		*mt_child;
   1125 	pgno_t		mt_next_pgno;	/**< next unallocated page */
   1126 	/** The ID of this transaction. IDs are integers incrementing from 1.
   1127 	 *	Only committed write transactions increment the ID. If a transaction
   1128 	 *	aborts, the ID may be re-used by the next writer.
   1129 	 */
   1130 	txnid_t		mt_txnid;
   1131 	MDB_env		*mt_env;		/**< the DB environment */
   1132 	/** The list of pages that became unused during this transaction.
   1133 	 */
   1134 	MDB_IDL		mt_free_pgs;
   1135 	/** The list of loose pages that became unused and may be reused
   1136 	 *	in this transaction, linked through #NEXT_LOOSE_PAGE(page).
   1137 	 */
   1138 	MDB_page	*mt_loose_pgs;
   1139 	/** Number of loose pages (#mt_loose_pgs) */
   1140 	int			mt_loose_count;
   1141 	/** The sorted list of dirty pages we temporarily wrote to disk
   1142 	 *	because the dirty list was full. page numbers in here are
   1143 	 *	shifted left by 1, deleted slots have the LSB set.
   1144 	 */
   1145 	MDB_IDL		mt_spill_pgs;
   1146 	union {
   1147 		/** For write txns: Modified pages. Sorted when not MDB_WRITEMAP. */
   1148 		MDB_ID2L	dirty_list;
   1149 		/** For read txns: This thread/txn's reader table slot, or NULL. */
   1150 		MDB_reader	*reader;
   1151 	} mt_u;
   1152 	/** Array of records for each DB known in the environment. */
   1153 	MDB_dbx		*mt_dbxs;
   1154 	/** Array of MDB_db records for each known DB */
   1155 	MDB_db		*mt_dbs;
   1156 	/** Array of sequence numbers for each DB handle */
   1157 	unsigned int	*mt_dbiseqs;
   1158 /** @defgroup mt_dbflag	Transaction DB Flags
   1159  *	@ingroup internal
   1160  * @{
   1161  */
   1162 #define DB_DIRTY	0x01		/**< DB was written in this txn */
   1163 #define DB_STALE	0x02		/**< Named-DB record is older than txnID */
   1164 #define DB_NEW		0x04		/**< Named-DB handle opened in this txn */
   1165 #define DB_VALID	0x08		/**< DB handle is valid, see also #MDB_VALID */
   1166 #define DB_USRVALID	0x10		/**< As #DB_VALID, but not set for #FREE_DBI */
   1167 #define DB_DUPDATA	0x20		/**< DB is #MDB_DUPSORT data */
   1168 /** @} */
   1169 	/** In write txns, array of cursors for each DB */
   1170 	MDB_cursor	**mt_cursors;
   1171 	/** Array of flags for each DB */
   1172 	unsigned char	*mt_dbflags;
   1173 	/**	Number of DB records in use, or 0 when the txn is finished.
   1174 	 *	This number only ever increments until the txn finishes; we
   1175 	 *	don't decrement it when individual DB handles are closed.
   1176 	 */
   1177 	MDB_dbi		mt_numdbs;
   1178 
   1179 /** @defgroup mdb_txn	Transaction Flags
   1180  *	@ingroup internal
   1181  *	@{
   1182  */
   1183 	/** #mdb_txn_begin() flags */
   1184 #define MDB_TXN_BEGIN_FLAGS	MDB_RDONLY
   1185 #define MDB_TXN_RDONLY		MDB_RDONLY	/**< read-only transaction */
   1186 	/* internal txn flags */
   1187 #define MDB_TXN_WRITEMAP	MDB_WRITEMAP	/**< copy of #MDB_env flag in writers */
   1188 #define MDB_TXN_FINISHED	0x01		/**< txn is finished or never began */
   1189 #define MDB_TXN_ERROR		0x02		/**< txn is unusable after an error */
   1190 #define MDB_TXN_DIRTY		0x04		/**< must write, even if dirty list is empty */
   1191 #define MDB_TXN_SPILLS		0x08		/**< txn or a parent has spilled pages */
   1192 #define MDB_TXN_HAS_CHILD	0x10		/**< txn has an #MDB_txn.%mt_child */
   1193 	/** most operations on the txn are currently illegal */
   1194 #define MDB_TXN_BLOCKED		(MDB_TXN_FINISHED|MDB_TXN_ERROR|MDB_TXN_HAS_CHILD)
   1195 /** @} */
   1196 	unsigned int	mt_flags;		/**< @ref mdb_txn */
   1197 	/** #dirty_list room: Array size - \#dirty pages visible to this txn.
   1198 	 *	Includes ancestor txns' dirty pages not hidden by other txns'
   1199 	 *	dirty/spilled pages. Thus commit(nested txn) has room to merge
   1200 	 *	dirty_list into mt_parent after freeing hidden mt_parent pages.
   1201 	 */
   1202 	unsigned int	mt_dirty_room;
   1203 };
   1204 
   1205 /** Enough space for 2^32 nodes with minimum of 2 keys per node. I.e., plenty.
   1206  * At 4 keys per node, enough for 2^64 nodes, so there's probably no need to
   1207  * raise this on a 64 bit machine.
   1208  */
   1209 #define CURSOR_STACK		 32
   1210 
   1211 struct MDB_xcursor;
   1212 
   1213 	/** Cursors are used for all DB operations.
   1214 	 *	A cursor holds a path of (page pointer, key index) from the DB
   1215 	 *	root to a position in the DB, plus other state. #MDB_DUPSORT
   1216 	 *	cursors include an xcursor to the current data item. Write txns
   1217 	 *	track their cursors and keep them up to date when data moves.
   1218 	 *	Exception: An xcursor's pointer to a #P_SUBP page can be stale.
   1219 	 *	(A node with #F_DUPDATA but no #F_SUBDATA contains a subpage).
   1220 	 */
   1221 struct MDB_cursor {
   1222 	/** Next cursor on this DB in this txn */
   1223 	MDB_cursor	*mc_next;
   1224 	/** Backup of the original cursor if this cursor is a shadow */
   1225 	MDB_cursor	*mc_backup;
   1226 	/** Context used for databases with #MDB_DUPSORT, otherwise NULL */
   1227 	struct MDB_xcursor	*mc_xcursor;
   1228 	/** The transaction that owns this cursor */
   1229 	MDB_txn		*mc_txn;
   1230 	/** The database handle this cursor operates on */
   1231 	MDB_dbi		mc_dbi;
   1232 	/** The database record for this cursor */
   1233 	MDB_db		*mc_db;
   1234 	/** The database auxiliary record for this cursor */
   1235 	MDB_dbx		*mc_dbx;
   1236 	/** The @ref mt_dbflag for this database */
   1237 	unsigned char	*mc_dbflag;
   1238 	unsigned short 	mc_snum;	/**< number of pushed pages */
   1239 	unsigned short	mc_top;		/**< index of top page, normally mc_snum-1 */
   1240 /** @defgroup mdb_cursor	Cursor Flags
   1241  *	@ingroup internal
   1242  *	Cursor state flags.
   1243  *	@{
   1244  */
   1245 #define C_INITIALIZED	0x01	/**< cursor has been initialized and is valid */
   1246 #define C_EOF	0x02			/**< No more data */
   1247 #define C_SUB	0x04			/**< Cursor is a sub-cursor */
   1248 #define C_DEL	0x08			/**< last op was a cursor_del */
   1249 #define C_UNTRACK	0x40		/**< Un-track cursor when closing */
   1250 /** @} */
   1251 	unsigned int	mc_flags;	/**< @ref mdb_cursor */
   1252 	MDB_page	*mc_pg[CURSOR_STACK];	/**< stack of pushed pages */
   1253 	indx_t		mc_ki[CURSOR_STACK];	/**< stack of page indices */
   1254 };
   1255 
   1256 	/** Context for sorted-dup records.
   1257 	 *	We could have gone to a fully recursive design, with arbitrarily
   1258 	 *	deep nesting of sub-databases. But for now we only handle these
   1259 	 *	levels - main DB, optional sub-DB, sorted-duplicate DB.
   1260 	 */
   1261 typedef struct MDB_xcursor {
   1262 	/** A sub-cursor for traversing the Dup DB */
   1263 	MDB_cursor mx_cursor;
   1264 	/** The database record for this Dup DB */
   1265 	MDB_db	mx_db;
   1266 	/**	The auxiliary DB record for this Dup DB */
   1267 	MDB_dbx	mx_dbx;
   1268 	/** The @ref mt_dbflag for this Dup DB */
   1269 	unsigned char mx_dbflag;
   1270 } MDB_xcursor;
   1271 
   1272 	/** Check if there is an inited xcursor */
   1273 #define XCURSOR_INITED(mc) \
   1274 	((mc)->mc_xcursor && ((mc)->mc_xcursor->mx_cursor.mc_flags & C_INITIALIZED))
   1275 
   1276 	/** Update the xcursor's sub-page pointer, if any, in \b mc.  Needed
   1277 	 *	when the node which contains the sub-page may have moved.  Called
   1278 	 *	with leaf page \b mp = mc->mc_pg[\b top].
   1279 	 */
   1280 #define XCURSOR_REFRESH(mc, top, mp) do { \
   1281 	MDB_page *xr_pg = (mp); \
   1282 	MDB_node *xr_node; \
   1283 	if (!XCURSOR_INITED(mc) || (mc)->mc_ki[top] >= NUMKEYS(xr_pg)) break; \
   1284 	xr_node = NODEPTR(xr_pg, (mc)->mc_ki[top]); \
   1285 	if ((xr_node->mn_flags & (F_DUPDATA|F_SUBDATA)) == F_DUPDATA) \
   1286 		(mc)->mc_xcursor->mx_cursor.mc_pg[0] = NODEDATA(xr_node); \
   1287 } while (0)
   1288 
   1289 	/** State of FreeDB old pages, stored in the MDB_env */
   1290 typedef struct MDB_pgstate {
   1291 	pgno_t		*mf_pghead;	/**< Reclaimed freeDB pages, or NULL before use */
   1292 	txnid_t		mf_pglast;	/**< ID of last used record, or 0 if !mf_pghead */
   1293 } MDB_pgstate;
   1294 
   1295 	/** The database environment. */
   1296 struct MDB_env {
   1297 	HANDLE		me_fd;		/**< The main data file */
   1298 	HANDLE		me_lfd;		/**< The lock file */
   1299 	HANDLE		me_mfd;		/**< For writing and syncing the meta pages */
   1300 	/** Failed to update the meta page. Probably an I/O error. */
   1301 #define	MDB_FATAL_ERROR	0x80000000U
   1302 	/** Some fields are initialized. */
   1303 #define	MDB_ENV_ACTIVE	0x20000000U
   1304 	/** me_txkey is set */
   1305 #define	MDB_ENV_TXKEY	0x10000000U
   1306 	/** fdatasync is unreliable */
   1307 #define	MDB_FSYNCONLY	0x08000000U
   1308 	uint32_t 	me_flags;		/**< @ref mdb_env */
   1309 	unsigned int	me_psize;	/**< DB page size, inited from me_os_psize */
   1310 	unsigned int	me_os_psize;	/**< OS page size, from #GET_PAGESIZE */
   1311 	unsigned int	me_maxreaders;	/**< size of the reader table */
   1312 	/** Max #MDB_txninfo.%mti_numreaders of interest to #mdb_env_close() */
   1313 	volatile int	me_close_readers;
   1314 	MDB_dbi		me_numdbs;		/**< number of DBs opened */
   1315 	MDB_dbi		me_maxdbs;		/**< size of the DB table */
   1316 	MDB_PID_T	me_pid;		/**< process ID of this env */
   1317 	char		*me_path;		/**< path to the DB files */
   1318 	char		*me_map;		/**< the memory map of the data file */
   1319 	MDB_txninfo	*me_txns;		/**< the memory map of the lock file or NULL */
   1320 	MDB_meta	*me_metas[NUM_METAS];	/**< pointers to the two meta pages */
   1321 	void		*me_pbuf;		/**< scratch area for DUPSORT put() */
   1322 	MDB_txn		*me_txn;		/**< current write transaction */
   1323 	MDB_txn		*me_txn0;		/**< prealloc'd write transaction */
   1324 	size_t		me_mapsize;		/**< size of the data memory map */
   1325 	off_t		me_size;		/**< current file size */
   1326 	pgno_t		me_maxpg;		/**< me_mapsize / me_psize */
   1327 	MDB_dbx		*me_dbxs;		/**< array of static DB info */
   1328 	uint16_t	*me_dbflags;	/**< array of flags from MDB_db.md_flags */
   1329 	unsigned int	*me_dbiseqs;	/**< array of dbi sequence numbers */
   1330 	pthread_key_t	me_txkey;	/**< thread-key for readers */
   1331 	txnid_t		me_pgoldest;	/**< ID of oldest reader last time we looked */
   1332 	MDB_pgstate	me_pgstate;		/**< state of old pages from freeDB */
   1333 #	define		me_pglast	me_pgstate.mf_pglast
   1334 #	define		me_pghead	me_pgstate.mf_pghead
   1335 	MDB_page	*me_dpages;		/**< list of malloc'd blocks for re-use */
   1336 	/** IDL of pages that became unused in a write txn */
   1337 	MDB_IDL		me_free_pgs;
   1338 	/** ID2L of pages written during a write txn. Length MDB_IDL_UM_SIZE. */
   1339 	MDB_ID2L	me_dirty_list;
   1340 	/** Max number of freelist items that can fit in a single overflow page */
   1341 	int			me_maxfree_1pg;
   1342 	/** Max size of a node on a page */
   1343 	unsigned int	me_nodemax;
   1344 #if !(MDB_MAXKEYSIZE)
   1345 	unsigned int	me_maxkey;	/**< max size of a key */
   1346 #endif
   1347 	int		me_live_reader;		/**< have liveness lock in reader table */
   1348 #ifdef _WIN32
   1349 	int		me_pidquery;		/**< Used in OpenProcess */
   1350 #endif
   1351 #ifdef MDB_USE_POSIX_MUTEX	/* Posix mutexes reside in shared mem */
   1352 #	define		me_rmutex	me_txns->mti_rmutex /**< Shared reader lock */
   1353 #	define		me_wmutex	me_txns->mti_wmutex /**< Shared writer lock */
   1354 #else
   1355 	mdb_mutex_t	me_rmutex;
   1356 	mdb_mutex_t	me_wmutex;
   1357 #endif
   1358 	void		*me_userctx;	 /**< User-settable context */
   1359 	MDB_assert_func *me_assert_func; /**< Callback for assertion failures */
   1360 };
   1361 
   1362 	/** Nested transaction */
   1363 typedef struct MDB_ntxn {
   1364 	MDB_txn		mnt_txn;		/**< the transaction */
   1365 	MDB_pgstate	mnt_pgstate;	/**< parent transaction's saved freestate */
   1366 } MDB_ntxn;
   1367 
   1368 	/** max number of pages to commit in one writev() call */
   1369 #define MDB_COMMIT_PAGES	 64
   1370 #if defined(IOV_MAX) && IOV_MAX < MDB_COMMIT_PAGES
   1371 #undef MDB_COMMIT_PAGES
   1372 #define MDB_COMMIT_PAGES	IOV_MAX
   1373 #endif
   1374 
   1375 	/** max bytes to write in one call */
   1376 #define MAX_WRITE		(0x40000000U >> (sizeof(ssize_t) == 4))
   1377 
   1378 	/** Check \b txn and \b dbi arguments to a function */
   1379 #define TXN_DBI_EXIST(txn, dbi, validity) \
   1380 	((txn) && (dbi)<(txn)->mt_numdbs && ((txn)->mt_dbflags[dbi] & (validity)))
   1381 
   1382 	/** Check for misused \b dbi handles */
   1383 #define TXN_DBI_CHANGED(txn, dbi) \
   1384 	((txn)->mt_dbiseqs[dbi] != (txn)->mt_env->me_dbiseqs[dbi])
   1385 
   1386 static int  mdb_page_alloc(MDB_cursor *mc, int num, MDB_page **mp);
   1387 static int  mdb_page_new(MDB_cursor *mc, uint32_t flags, int num, MDB_page **mp);
   1388 static int  mdb_page_touch(MDB_cursor *mc);
   1389 
   1390 #define MDB_END_NAMES {"committed", "empty-commit", "abort", "reset", \
   1391 	"reset-tmp", "fail-begin", "fail-beginchild"}
   1392 enum {
   1393 	/* mdb_txn_end operation number, for logging */
   1394 	MDB_END_COMMITTED, MDB_END_EMPTY_COMMIT, MDB_END_ABORT, MDB_END_RESET,
   1395 	MDB_END_RESET_TMP, MDB_END_FAIL_BEGIN, MDB_END_FAIL_BEGINCHILD
   1396 };
   1397 #define MDB_END_OPMASK	0x0F	/**< mask for #mdb_txn_end() operation number */
   1398 #define MDB_END_UPDATE	0x10	/**< update env state (DBIs) */
   1399 #define MDB_END_FREE	0x20	/**< free txn unless it is #MDB_env.%me_txn0 */
   1400 #define MDB_END_SLOT MDB_NOTLS	/**< release any reader slot if #MDB_NOTLS */
   1401 static void mdb_txn_end(MDB_txn *txn, unsigned mode);
   1402 
   1403 static int  mdb_page_get(MDB_cursor *mc, pgno_t pgno, MDB_page **mp, int *lvl);
   1404 static int  mdb_page_search_root(MDB_cursor *mc,
   1405 			    MDB_val *key, int modify);
   1406 #define MDB_PS_MODIFY	1
   1407 #define MDB_PS_ROOTONLY	2
   1408 #define MDB_PS_FIRST	4
   1409 #define MDB_PS_LAST		8
   1410 static int  mdb_page_search(MDB_cursor *mc,
   1411 			    MDB_val *key, int flags);
   1412 static int	mdb_page_merge(MDB_cursor *csrc, MDB_cursor *cdst);
   1413 
   1414 #define MDB_SPLIT_REPLACE	MDB_APPENDDUP	/**< newkey is not new */
   1415 static int	mdb_page_split(MDB_cursor *mc, MDB_val *newkey, MDB_val *newdata,
   1416 				pgno_t newpgno, unsigned int nflags);
   1417 
   1418 static int  mdb_env_read_header(MDB_env *env, MDB_meta *meta);
   1419 static MDB_meta *mdb_env_pick_meta(const MDB_env *env);
   1420 static int  mdb_env_write_meta(MDB_txn *txn);
   1421 #if defined(MDB_USE_POSIX_MUTEX) && !defined(MDB_ROBUST_SUPPORTED) /* Drop unused excl arg */
   1422 # define mdb_env_close0(env, excl) mdb_env_close1(env)
   1423 #endif
   1424 static void mdb_env_close0(MDB_env *env, int excl);
   1425 
   1426 static MDB_node *mdb_node_search(MDB_cursor *mc, MDB_val *key, int *exactp);
   1427 static int  mdb_node_add(MDB_cursor *mc, indx_t indx,
   1428 			    MDB_val *key, MDB_val *data, pgno_t pgno, unsigned int flags);
   1429 static void mdb_node_del(MDB_cursor *mc, int ksize);
   1430 static void mdb_node_shrink(MDB_page *mp, indx_t indx);
   1431 static int	mdb_node_move(MDB_cursor *csrc, MDB_cursor *cdst, int fromleft);
   1432 static int  mdb_node_read(MDB_cursor *mc, MDB_node *leaf, MDB_val *data);
   1433 static size_t	mdb_leaf_size(MDB_env *env, MDB_val *key, MDB_val *data);
   1434 static size_t	mdb_branch_size(MDB_env *env, MDB_val *key);
   1435 
   1436 static int	mdb_rebalance(MDB_cursor *mc);
   1437 static int	mdb_update_key(MDB_cursor *mc, MDB_val *key);
   1438 
   1439 static void	mdb_cursor_pop(MDB_cursor *mc);
   1440 static int	mdb_cursor_push(MDB_cursor *mc, MDB_page *mp);
   1441 
   1442 static int	_mdb_cursor_del(MDB_cursor *mc, unsigned int flags);
   1443 static int	_mdb_cursor_put(MDB_cursor *mc, MDB_val *key, MDB_val *data, unsigned int flags);
   1444 
   1445 static int	mdb_cursor_del0(MDB_cursor *mc);
   1446 static int	mdb_del0(MDB_txn *txn, MDB_dbi dbi, MDB_val *key, MDB_val *data, unsigned flags);
   1447 static int	mdb_cursor_sibling(MDB_cursor *mc, int move_right);
   1448 static int	mdb_cursor_next(MDB_cursor *mc, MDB_val *key, MDB_val *data, MDB_cursor_op op);
   1449 static int	mdb_cursor_prev(MDB_cursor *mc, MDB_val *key, MDB_val *data, MDB_cursor_op op);
   1450 static int	mdb_cursor_set(MDB_cursor *mc, MDB_val *key, MDB_val *data, MDB_cursor_op op,
   1451 				int *exactp);
   1452 static int	mdb_cursor_first(MDB_cursor *mc, MDB_val *key, MDB_val *data);
   1453 static int	mdb_cursor_last(MDB_cursor *mc, MDB_val *key, MDB_val *data);
   1454 
   1455 static void	mdb_cursor_init(MDB_cursor *mc, MDB_txn *txn, MDB_dbi dbi, MDB_xcursor *mx);
   1456 static void	mdb_xcursor_init0(MDB_cursor *mc);
   1457 static void	mdb_xcursor_init1(MDB_cursor *mc, MDB_node *node);
   1458 static void	mdb_xcursor_init2(MDB_cursor *mc, MDB_xcursor *src_mx, int force);
   1459 
   1460 static int	mdb_drop0(MDB_cursor *mc, int subs);
   1461 static void mdb_default_cmp(MDB_txn *txn, MDB_dbi dbi);
   1462 static int mdb_reader_check0(MDB_env *env, int rlocked, int *dead);
   1463 
   1464 /** @cond */
   1465 static MDB_cmp_func	mdb_cmp_memn, mdb_cmp_memnr, mdb_cmp_int, mdb_cmp_cint, mdb_cmp_long;
   1466 /** @endcond */
   1467 
   1468 /** Compare two items pointing at size_t's of unknown alignment. */
   1469 #ifdef MISALIGNED_OK
   1470 # define mdb_cmp_clong mdb_cmp_long
   1471 #else
   1472 # define mdb_cmp_clong mdb_cmp_cint
   1473 #endif
   1474 
   1475 #ifdef _WIN32
   1476 static SECURITY_DESCRIPTOR mdb_null_sd;
   1477 static SECURITY_ATTRIBUTES mdb_all_sa;
   1478 static int mdb_sec_inited;
   1479 
   1480 struct MDB_name;
   1481 static int utf8_to_utf16(const char *src, struct MDB_name *dst, int xtra);
   1482 #endif
   1483 
   1484 /** Return the library version info. */
   1485 char * ESECT
   1486 mdb_version(int *major, int *minor, int *patch)
   1487 {
   1488 	if (major) *major = MDB_VERSION_MAJOR;
   1489 	if (minor) *minor = MDB_VERSION_MINOR;
   1490 	if (patch) *patch = MDB_VERSION_PATCH;
   1491 	return MDB_VERSION_STRING;
   1492 }
   1493 
   1494 /** Table of descriptions for LMDB @ref errors */
   1495 static char *const mdb_errstr[] = {
   1496 	"MDB_KEYEXIST: Key/data pair already exists",
   1497 	"MDB_NOTFOUND: No matching key/data pair found",
   1498 	"MDB_PAGE_NOTFOUND: Requested page not found",
   1499 	"MDB_CORRUPTED: Located page was wrong type",
   1500 	"MDB_PANIC: Update of meta page failed or environment had fatal error",
   1501 	"MDB_VERSION_MISMATCH: Database environment version mismatch",
   1502 	"MDB_INVALID: File is not an LMDB file",
   1503 	"MDB_MAP_FULL: Environment mapsize limit reached",
   1504 	"MDB_DBS_FULL: Environment maxdbs limit reached",
   1505 	"MDB_READERS_FULL: Environment maxreaders limit reached",
   1506 	"MDB_TLS_FULL: Thread-local storage keys full - too many environments open",
   1507 	"MDB_TXN_FULL: Transaction has too many dirty pages - transaction too big",
   1508 	"MDB_CURSOR_FULL: Internal error - cursor stack limit reached",
   1509 	"MDB_PAGE_FULL: Internal error - page has no more space",
   1510 	"MDB_MAP_RESIZED: Database contents grew beyond environment mapsize",
   1511 	"MDB_INCOMPATIBLE: Operation and DB incompatible, or DB flags changed",
   1512 	"MDB_BAD_RSLOT: Invalid reuse of reader locktable slot",
   1513 	"MDB_BAD_TXN: Transaction must abort, has a child, or is invalid",
   1514 	"MDB_BAD_VALSIZE: Unsupported size of key/DB name/data, or wrong DUPFIXED size",
   1515 	"MDB_BAD_DBI: The specified DBI handle was closed/changed unexpectedly",
   1516 };
   1517 
   1518 char *
   1519 mdb_strerror(int err)
   1520 {
   1521 #ifdef _WIN32
   1522 	/** HACK: pad 4KB on stack over the buf. Return system msgs in buf.
   1523 	 *	This works as long as no function between the call to mdb_strerror
   1524 	 *	and the actual use of the message uses more than 4K of stack.
   1525 	 */
   1526 #define MSGSIZE	1024
   1527 #define PADSIZE	4096
   1528 	char buf[MSGSIZE+PADSIZE], *ptr = buf;
   1529 #endif
   1530 	int i;
   1531 	if (!err)
   1532 		return ("Successful return: 0");
   1533 
   1534 	if (err >= MDB_KEYEXIST && err <= MDB_LAST_ERRCODE) {
   1535 		i = err - MDB_KEYEXIST;
   1536 		return mdb_errstr[i];
   1537 	}
   1538 
   1539 #ifdef _WIN32
   1540 	/* These are the C-runtime error codes we use. The comment indicates
   1541 	 * their numeric value, and the Win32 error they would correspond to
   1542 	 * if the error actually came from a Win32 API. A major mess, we should
   1543 	 * have used LMDB-specific error codes for everything.
   1544 	 */
   1545 	switch(err) {
   1546 	case ENOENT:	/* 2, FILE_NOT_FOUND */
   1547 	case EIO:		/* 5, ACCESS_DENIED */
   1548 	case ENOMEM:	/* 12, INVALID_ACCESS */
   1549 	case EACCES:	/* 13, INVALID_DATA */
   1550 	case EBUSY:		/* 16, CURRENT_DIRECTORY */
   1551 	case EINVAL:	/* 22, BAD_COMMAND */
   1552 	case ENOSPC:	/* 28, OUT_OF_PAPER */
   1553 		return strerror(err);
   1554 	default:
   1555 		;
   1556 	}
   1557 	buf[0] = 0;
   1558 	FormatMessageA(FORMAT_MESSAGE_FROM_SYSTEM |
   1559 		FORMAT_MESSAGE_IGNORE_INSERTS,
   1560 		NULL, err, 0, ptr, MSGSIZE, NULL);
   1561 	return ptr;
   1562 #else
   1563 	if (err < 0)
   1564 		return "Invalid error code";
   1565 	return strerror(err);
   1566 #endif
   1567 }
   1568 
   1569 /** assert(3) variant in cursor context */
   1570 #define mdb_cassert(mc, expr)	mdb_assert0((mc)->mc_txn->mt_env, expr, #expr)
   1571 /** assert(3) variant in transaction context */
   1572 #define mdb_tassert(txn, expr)	mdb_assert0((txn)->mt_env, expr, #expr)
   1573 /** assert(3) variant in environment context */
   1574 #define mdb_eassert(env, expr)	mdb_assert0(env, expr, #expr)
   1575 
   1576 #ifndef NDEBUG
   1577 # define mdb_assert0(env, expr, expr_txt) ((expr) ? (void)0 : \
   1578 		mdb_assert_fail(env, expr_txt, mdb_func_, __FILE__, __LINE__))
   1579 
   1580 static void ESECT
   1581 mdb_assert_fail(MDB_env *env, const char *expr_txt,
   1582 	const char *func, const char *file, int line)
   1583 {
   1584 	char buf[400];
   1585 	sprintf(buf, "%.100s:%d: Assertion '%.200s' failed in %.40s()",
   1586 		file, line, expr_txt, func);
   1587 	if (env->me_assert_func)
   1588 		env->me_assert_func(env, buf);
   1589 	fprintf(stderr, "%s\n", buf);
   1590 	abort();
   1591 }
   1592 #else
   1593 # define mdb_assert0(env, expr, expr_txt) ((void) 0)
   1594 #endif /* NDEBUG */
   1595 
   1596 #if MDB_DEBUG
   1597 /** Return the page number of \b mp which may be sub-page, for debug output */
   1598 static pgno_t
   1599 mdb_dbg_pgno(MDB_page *mp)
   1600 {
   1601 	pgno_t ret;
   1602 	COPY_PGNO(ret, MP_PGNO(mp));
   1603 	return ret;
   1604 }
   1605 
   1606 /** Display a key in hexadecimal and return the address of the result.
   1607  * @param[in] key the key to display
   1608  * @param[in] buf the buffer to write into. Should always be #DKBUF.
   1609  * @return The key in hexadecimal form.
   1610  */
   1611 char *
   1612 mdb_dkey(MDB_val *key, char *buf)
   1613 {
   1614 	char *ptr = buf;
   1615 	unsigned char *c = key->mv_data;
   1616 	unsigned int i;
   1617 
   1618 	if (!key)
   1619 		return "";
   1620 
   1621 	if (key->mv_size > DKBUF_MAXKEYSIZE)
   1622 		return "MDB_MAXKEYSIZE";
   1623 	/* may want to make this a dynamic check: if the key is mostly
   1624 	 * printable characters, print it as-is instead of converting to hex.
   1625 	 */
   1626 #if 1
   1627 	buf[0] = '\0';
   1628 	for (i=0; i<key->mv_size; i++)
   1629 		ptr += sprintf(ptr, "%02x", *c++);
   1630 #else
   1631 	sprintf(buf, "%.*s", key->mv_size, key->mv_data);
   1632 #endif
   1633 	return buf;
   1634 }
   1635 
   1636 static char *
   1637 mdb_dval(MDB_txn *txn, MDB_dbi dbi, MDB_val *data, char *buf)
   1638 {
   1639 	if (txn->mt_dbs[dbi].md_flags & MDB_DUPSORT) {
   1640 		mdb_dkey(data, buf+1);
   1641 		*buf = '[';
   1642 		strcpy(buf + data->mv_size * 2 + 1, "]");
   1643 	} else
   1644 		*buf = '\0';
   1645 	return buf;
   1646 }
   1647 
   1648 static const char *
   1649 mdb_leafnode_type(MDB_node *n)
   1650 {
   1651 	static char *const tp[2][2] = {{"", ": DB"}, {": sub-page", ": sub-DB"}};
   1652 	return F_ISSET(n->mn_flags, F_BIGDATA) ? ": overflow page" :
   1653 		tp[F_ISSET(n->mn_flags, F_DUPDATA)][F_ISSET(n->mn_flags, F_SUBDATA)];
   1654 }
   1655 
   1656 /** Display all the keys in the page. */
   1657 void
   1658 mdb_page_list(MDB_page *mp)
   1659 {
   1660 	pgno_t pgno = mdb_dbg_pgno(mp);
   1661 	const char *type, *state = (MP_FLAGS(mp) & P_DIRTY) ? ", dirty" : "";
   1662 	MDB_node *node;
   1663 	unsigned int i, nkeys, nsize, total = 0;
   1664 	MDB_val key;
   1665 	DKBUF;
   1666 
   1667 	switch (MP_FLAGS(mp) & (P_BRANCH|P_LEAF|P_LEAF2|P_META|P_OVERFLOW|P_SUBP)) {
   1668 	case P_BRANCH:              type = "Branch page";		break;
   1669 	case P_LEAF:                type = "Leaf page";			break;
   1670 	case P_LEAF|P_SUBP:         type = "Sub-page";			break;
   1671 	case P_LEAF|P_LEAF2:        type = "LEAF2 page";		break;
   1672 	case P_LEAF|P_LEAF2|P_SUBP: type = "LEAF2 sub-page";	break;
   1673 	case P_OVERFLOW:
   1674 		fprintf(stderr, "Overflow page %"Z"u pages %u%s\n",
   1675 			pgno, mp->mp_pages, state);
   1676 		return;
   1677 	case P_META:
   1678 		fprintf(stderr, "Meta-page %"Z"u txnid %"Z"u\n",
   1679 			pgno, ((MDB_meta *)METADATA(mp))->mm_txnid);
   1680 		return;
   1681 	default:
   1682 		fprintf(stderr, "Bad page %"Z"u flags 0x%X\n", pgno, MP_FLAGS(mp));
   1683 		return;
   1684 	}
   1685 
   1686 	nkeys = NUMKEYS(mp);
   1687 	fprintf(stderr, "%s %"Z"u numkeys %d%s\n", type, pgno, nkeys, state);
   1688 
   1689 	for (i=0; i<nkeys; i++) {
   1690 		if (IS_LEAF2(mp)) {	/* LEAF2 pages have no mp_ptrs[] or node headers */
   1691 			key.mv_size = nsize = mp->mp_pad;
   1692 			key.mv_data = LEAF2KEY(mp, i, nsize);
   1693 			total += nsize;
   1694 			fprintf(stderr, "key %d: nsize %d, %s\n", i, nsize, DKEY(&key));
   1695 			continue;
   1696 		}
   1697 		node = NODEPTR(mp, i);
   1698 		key.mv_size = node->mn_ksize;
   1699 		key.mv_data = node->mn_data;
   1700 		nsize = NODESIZE + key.mv_size;
   1701 		if (IS_BRANCH(mp)) {
   1702 			fprintf(stderr, "key %d: page %"Z"u, %s\n", i, NODEPGNO(node),
   1703 				DKEY(&key));
   1704 			total += nsize;
   1705 		} else {
   1706 			if (F_ISSET(node->mn_flags, F_BIGDATA))
   1707 				nsize += sizeof(pgno_t);
   1708 			else
   1709 				nsize += NODEDSZ(node);
   1710 			total += nsize;
   1711 			nsize += sizeof(indx_t);
   1712 			fprintf(stderr, "key %d: nsize %d, %s%s\n",
   1713 				i, nsize, DKEY(&key), mdb_leafnode_type(node));
   1714 		}
   1715 		total = EVEN(total);
   1716 	}
   1717 	fprintf(stderr, "Total: header %d + contents %d + unused %d\n",
   1718 		IS_LEAF2(mp) ? PAGEHDRSZ : PAGEBASE + MP_LOWER(mp), total, SIZELEFT(mp));
   1719 }
   1720 
   1721 void
   1722 mdb_cursor_chk(MDB_cursor *mc)
   1723 {
   1724 	unsigned int i;
   1725 	MDB_node *node;
   1726 	MDB_page *mp;
   1727 
   1728 	if (!mc->mc_snum || !(mc->mc_flags & C_INITIALIZED)) return;
   1729 	for (i=0; i<mc->mc_top; i++) {
   1730 		mp = mc->mc_pg[i];
   1731 		node = NODEPTR(mp, mc->mc_ki[i]);
   1732 		if (NODEPGNO(node) != mc->mc_pg[i+1]->mp_pgno)
   1733 			printf("oops!\n");
   1734 	}
   1735 	if (mc->mc_ki[i] >= NUMKEYS(mc->mc_pg[i]))
   1736 		printf("ack!\n");
   1737 	if (XCURSOR_INITED(mc)) {
   1738 		node = NODEPTR(mc->mc_pg[mc->mc_top], mc->mc_ki[mc->mc_top]);
   1739 		if (((node->mn_flags & (F_DUPDATA|F_SUBDATA)) == F_DUPDATA) &&
   1740 			mc->mc_xcursor->mx_cursor.mc_pg[0] != NODEDATA(node)) {
   1741 			printf("blah!\n");
   1742 		}
   1743 	}
   1744 }
   1745 #endif
   1746 
   1747 #if (MDB_DEBUG) > 2
   1748 /** Count all the pages in each DB and in the freelist
   1749  *  and make sure it matches the actual number of pages
   1750  *  being used.
   1751  *  All named DBs must be open for a correct count.
   1752  */
   1753 static void mdb_audit(MDB_txn *txn)
   1754 {
   1755 	MDB_cursor mc;
   1756 	MDB_val key, data;
   1757 	MDB_ID freecount, count;
   1758 	MDB_dbi i;
   1759 	int rc;
   1760 
   1761 	freecount = 0;
   1762 	mdb_cursor_init(&mc, txn, FREE_DBI, NULL);
   1763 	while ((rc = mdb_cursor_get(&mc, &key, &data, MDB_NEXT)) == 0)
   1764 		freecount += *(MDB_ID *)data.mv_data;
   1765 	mdb_tassert(txn, rc == MDB_NOTFOUND);
   1766 
   1767 	count = 0;
   1768 	for (i = 0; i<txn->mt_numdbs; i++) {
   1769 		MDB_xcursor mx;
   1770 		if (!(txn->mt_dbflags[i] & DB_VALID))
   1771 			continue;
   1772 		mdb_cursor_init(&mc, txn, i, &mx);
   1773 		if (txn->mt_dbs[i].md_root == P_INVALID)
   1774 			continue;
   1775 		count += txn->mt_dbs[i].md_branch_pages +
   1776 			txn->mt_dbs[i].md_leaf_pages +
   1777 			txn->mt_dbs[i].md_overflow_pages;
   1778 		if (txn->mt_dbs[i].md_flags & MDB_DUPSORT) {
   1779 			rc = mdb_page_search(&mc, NULL, MDB_PS_FIRST);
   1780 			for (; rc == MDB_SUCCESS; rc = mdb_cursor_sibling(&mc, 1)) {
   1781 				unsigned j;
   1782 				MDB_page *mp;
   1783 				mp = mc.mc_pg[mc.mc_top];
   1784 				for (j=0; j<NUMKEYS(mp); j++) {
   1785 					MDB_node *leaf = NODEPTR(mp, j);
   1786 					if (leaf->mn_flags & F_SUBDATA) {
   1787 						MDB_db db;
   1788 						memcpy(&db, NODEDATA(leaf), sizeof(db));
   1789 						count += db.md_branch_pages + db.md_leaf_pages +
   1790 							db.md_overflow_pages;
   1791 					}
   1792 				}
   1793 			}
   1794 			mdb_tassert(txn, rc == MDB_NOTFOUND);
   1795 		}
   1796 	}
   1797 	if (freecount + count + NUM_METAS != txn->mt_next_pgno) {
   1798 		fprintf(stderr, "audit: %"Z"u freecount: %"Z"u count: %"Z"u total: %"Z"u next_pgno: %"Z"u\n",
   1799 			txn->mt_txnid, freecount, count+NUM_METAS,
   1800 			freecount+count+NUM_METAS, txn->mt_next_pgno);
   1801 	}
   1802 }
   1803 #endif
   1804 
   1805 int
   1806 mdb_cmp(MDB_txn *txn, MDB_dbi dbi, const MDB_val *a, const MDB_val *b)
   1807 {
   1808 	return txn->mt_dbxs[dbi].md_cmp(a, b);
   1809 }
   1810 
   1811 int
   1812 mdb_dcmp(MDB_txn *txn, MDB_dbi dbi, const MDB_val *a, const MDB_val *b)
   1813 {
   1814 	MDB_cmp_func *dcmp = txn->mt_dbxs[dbi].md_dcmp;
   1815 #if UINT_MAX < SIZE_MAX
   1816 	if (dcmp == mdb_cmp_int && a->mv_size == sizeof(size_t))
   1817 		dcmp = mdb_cmp_clong;
   1818 #endif
   1819 	return dcmp(a, b);
   1820 }
   1821 
   1822 /** Allocate memory for a page.
   1823  * Re-use old malloc'd pages first for singletons, otherwise just malloc.
   1824  * Set #MDB_TXN_ERROR on failure.
   1825  */
   1826 static MDB_page *
   1827 mdb_page_malloc(MDB_txn *txn, unsigned num)
   1828 {
   1829 	MDB_env *env = txn->mt_env;
   1830 	MDB_page *ret = env->me_dpages;
   1831 	size_t psize = env->me_psize, sz = psize, off;
   1832 	/* For ! #MDB_NOMEMINIT, psize counts how much to init.
   1833 	 * For a single page alloc, we init everything after the page header.
   1834 	 * For multi-page, we init the final page; if the caller needed that
   1835 	 * many pages they will be filling in at least up to the last page.
   1836 	 */
   1837 	if (num == 1) {
   1838 		if (ret) {
   1839 			VGMEMP_ALLOC(env, ret, sz);
   1840 			VGMEMP_DEFINED(ret, sizeof(ret->mp_next));
   1841 			env->me_dpages = ret->mp_next;
   1842 			return ret;
   1843 		}
   1844 		psize -= off = PAGEHDRSZ;
   1845 	} else {
   1846 		sz *= num;
   1847 		off = sz - psize;
   1848 	}
   1849 	if ((ret = malloc(sz)) != NULL) {
   1850 		VGMEMP_ALLOC(env, ret, sz);
   1851 		if (!(env->me_flags & MDB_NOMEMINIT)) {
   1852 			memset((char *)ret + off, 0, psize);
   1853 			ret->mp_pad = 0;
   1854 		}
   1855 	} else {
   1856 		txn->mt_flags |= MDB_TXN_ERROR;
   1857 	}
   1858 	return ret;
   1859 }
   1860 /** Free a single page.
   1861  * Saves single pages to a list, for future reuse.
   1862  * (This is not used for multi-page overflow pages.)
   1863  */
   1864 static void
   1865 mdb_page_free(MDB_env *env, MDB_page *mp)
   1866 {
   1867 	mp->mp_next = env->me_dpages;
   1868 	VGMEMP_FREE(env, mp);
   1869 	env->me_dpages = mp;
   1870 }
   1871 
   1872 /** Free a dirty page */
   1873 static void
   1874 mdb_dpage_free(MDB_env *env, MDB_page *dp)
   1875 {
   1876 	if (!IS_OVERFLOW(dp) || dp->mp_pages == 1) {
   1877 		mdb_page_free(env, dp);
   1878 	} else {
   1879 		/* large pages just get freed directly */
   1880 		VGMEMP_FREE(env, dp);
   1881 		free(dp);
   1882 	}
   1883 }
   1884 
   1885 /**	Return all dirty pages to dpage list */
   1886 static void
   1887 mdb_dlist_free(MDB_txn *txn)
   1888 {
   1889 	MDB_env *env = txn->mt_env;
   1890 	MDB_ID2L dl = txn->mt_u.dirty_list;
   1891 	unsigned i, n = dl[0].mid;
   1892 
   1893 	for (i = 1; i <= n; i++) {
   1894 		mdb_dpage_free(env, dl[i].mptr);
   1895 	}
   1896 	dl[0].mid = 0;
   1897 }
   1898 
   1899 /** Loosen or free a single page.
   1900  * Saves single pages to a list for future reuse
   1901  * in this same txn. It has been pulled from the freeDB
   1902  * and already resides on the dirty list, but has been
   1903  * deleted. Use these pages first before pulling again
   1904  * from the freeDB.
   1905  *
   1906  * If the page wasn't dirtied in this txn, just add it
   1907  * to this txn's free list.
   1908  */
   1909 static int
   1910 mdb_page_loose(MDB_cursor *mc, MDB_page *mp)
   1911 {
   1912 	int loose = 0;
   1913 	pgno_t pgno = mp->mp_pgno;
   1914 	MDB_txn *txn = mc->mc_txn;
   1915 
   1916 	if ((mp->mp_flags & P_DIRTY) && mc->mc_dbi != FREE_DBI) {
   1917 		if (txn->mt_parent) {
   1918 			MDB_ID2 *dl = txn->mt_u.dirty_list;
   1919 			/* If txn has a parent, make sure the page is in our
   1920 			 * dirty list.
   1921 			 */
   1922 			if (dl[0].mid) {
   1923 				unsigned x = mdb_mid2l_search(dl, pgno);
   1924 				if (x <= dl[0].mid && dl[x].mid == pgno) {
   1925 					if (mp != dl[x].mptr) { /* bad cursor? */
   1926 						mc->mc_flags &= ~(C_INITIALIZED|C_EOF);
   1927 						txn->mt_flags |= MDB_TXN_ERROR;
   1928 						return MDB_CORRUPTED;
   1929 					}
   1930 					/* ok, it's ours */
   1931 					loose = 1;
   1932 				}
   1933 			}
   1934 		} else {
   1935 			/* no parent txn, so it's just ours */
   1936 			loose = 1;
   1937 		}
   1938 	}
   1939 	if (loose) {
   1940 		DPRINTF(("loosen db %d page %"Z"u", DDBI(mc),
   1941 			mp->mp_pgno));
   1942 		NEXT_LOOSE_PAGE(mp) = txn->mt_loose_pgs;
   1943 		txn->mt_loose_pgs = mp;
   1944 		txn->mt_loose_count++;
   1945 		mp->mp_flags |= P_LOOSE;
   1946 	} else {
   1947 		int rc = mdb_midl_append(&txn->mt_free_pgs, pgno);
   1948 		if (rc)
   1949 			return rc;
   1950 	}
   1951 
   1952 	return MDB_SUCCESS;
   1953 }
   1954 
   1955 /** Set or clear P_KEEP in dirty, non-overflow, non-sub pages watched by txn.
   1956  * @param[in] mc A cursor handle for the current operation.
   1957  * @param[in] pflags Flags of the pages to update:
   1958  * P_DIRTY to set P_KEEP, P_DIRTY|P_KEEP to clear it.
   1959  * @param[in] all No shortcuts. Needed except after a full #mdb_page_flush().
   1960  * @return 0 on success, non-zero on failure.
   1961  */
   1962 static int
   1963 mdb_pages_xkeep(MDB_cursor *mc, unsigned pflags, int all)
   1964 {
   1965 	enum { Mask = P_SUBP|P_DIRTY|P_LOOSE|P_KEEP };
   1966 	MDB_txn *txn = mc->mc_txn;
   1967 	MDB_cursor *m3, *m0 = mc;
   1968 	MDB_xcursor *mx;
   1969 	MDB_page *dp, *mp;
   1970 	MDB_node *leaf;
   1971 	unsigned i, j;
   1972 	int rc = MDB_SUCCESS, level;
   1973 
   1974 	/* Mark pages seen by cursors */
   1975 	if (mc->mc_flags & C_UNTRACK)
   1976 		mc = NULL;				/* will find mc in mt_cursors */
   1977 	for (i = txn->mt_numdbs;; mc = txn->mt_cursors[--i]) {
   1978 		for (; mc; mc=mc->mc_next) {
   1979 			if (!(mc->mc_flags & C_INITIALIZED))
   1980 				continue;
   1981 			for (m3 = mc;; m3 = &mx->mx_cursor) {
   1982 				mp = NULL;
   1983 				for (j=0; j<m3->mc_snum; j++) {
   1984 					mp = m3->mc_pg[j];
   1985 					if ((mp->mp_flags & Mask) == pflags)
   1986 						mp->mp_flags ^= P_KEEP;
   1987 				}
   1988 				mx = m3->mc_xcursor;
   1989 				/* Proceed to mx if it is at a sub-database */
   1990 				if (! (mx && (mx->mx_cursor.mc_flags & C_INITIALIZED)))
   1991 					break;
   1992 				if (! (mp && (mp->mp_flags & P_LEAF)))
   1993 					break;
   1994 				leaf = NODEPTR(mp, m3->mc_ki[j-1]);
   1995 				if (!(leaf->mn_flags & F_SUBDATA))
   1996 					break;
   1997 			}
   1998 		}
   1999 		if (i == 0)
   2000 			break;
   2001 	}
   2002 
   2003 	if (all) {
   2004 		/* Mark dirty root pages */
   2005 		for (i=0; i<txn->mt_numdbs; i++) {
   2006 			if (txn->mt_dbflags[i] & DB_DIRTY) {
   2007 				pgno_t pgno = txn->mt_dbs[i].md_root;
   2008 				if (pgno == P_INVALID)
   2009 					continue;
   2010 				if ((rc = mdb_page_get(m0, pgno, &dp, &level)) != MDB_SUCCESS)
   2011 					break;
   2012 				if ((dp->mp_flags & Mask) == pflags && level <= 1)
   2013 					dp->mp_flags ^= P_KEEP;
   2014 			}
   2015 		}
   2016 	}
   2017 
   2018 	return rc;
   2019 }
   2020 
   2021 static int mdb_page_flush(MDB_txn *txn, int keep);
   2022 
   2023 /**	Spill pages from the dirty list back to disk.
   2024  * This is intended to prevent running into #MDB_TXN_FULL situations,
   2025  * but note that they may still occur in a few cases:
   2026  *	1) our estimate of the txn size could be too small. Currently this
   2027  *	 seems unlikely, except with a large number of #MDB_MULTIPLE items.
   2028  *	2) child txns may run out of space if their parents dirtied a
   2029  *	 lot of pages and never spilled them. TODO: we probably should do
   2030  *	 a preemptive spill during #mdb_txn_begin() of a child txn, if
   2031  *	 the parent's dirty_room is below a given threshold.
   2032  *
   2033  * Otherwise, if not using nested txns, it is expected that apps will
   2034  * not run into #MDB_TXN_FULL any more. The pages are flushed to disk
   2035  * the same way as for a txn commit, e.g. their P_DIRTY flag is cleared.
   2036  * If the txn never references them again, they can be left alone.
   2037  * If the txn only reads them, they can be used without any fuss.
   2038  * If the txn writes them again, they can be dirtied immediately without
   2039  * going thru all of the work of #mdb_page_touch(). Such references are
   2040  * handled by #mdb_page_unspill().
   2041  *
   2042  * Also note, we never spill DB root pages, nor pages of active cursors,
   2043  * because we'll need these back again soon anyway. And in nested txns,
   2044  * we can't spill a page in a child txn if it was already spilled in a
   2045  * parent txn. That would alter the parent txns' data even though
   2046  * the child hasn't committed yet, and we'd have no way to undo it if
   2047  * the child aborted.
   2048  *
   2049  * @param[in] m0 cursor A cursor handle identifying the transaction and
   2050  *	database for which we are checking space.
   2051  * @param[in] key For a put operation, the key being stored.
   2052  * @param[in] data For a put operation, the data being stored.
   2053  * @return 0 on success, non-zero on failure.
   2054  */
   2055 static int
   2056 mdb_page_spill(MDB_cursor *m0, MDB_val *key, MDB_val *data)
   2057 {
   2058 	MDB_txn *txn = m0->mc_txn;
   2059 	MDB_page *dp;
   2060 	MDB_ID2L dl = txn->mt_u.dirty_list;
   2061 	unsigned int i, j, need;
   2062 	int rc;
   2063 
   2064 	if (m0->mc_flags & C_SUB)
   2065 		return MDB_SUCCESS;
   2066 
   2067 	/* Estimate how much space this op will take */
   2068 	i = m0->mc_db->md_depth;
   2069 	/* Named DBs also dirty the main DB */
   2070 	if (m0->mc_dbi >= CORE_DBS)
   2071 		i += txn->mt_dbs[MAIN_DBI].md_depth;
   2072 	/* For puts, roughly factor in the key+data size */
   2073 	if (key)
   2074 		i += (LEAFSIZE(key, data) + txn->mt_env->me_psize) / txn->mt_env->me_psize;
   2075 	i += i;	/* double it for good measure */
   2076 	need = i;
   2077 
   2078 	if (txn->mt_dirty_room > i)
   2079 		return MDB_SUCCESS;
   2080 
   2081 	if (!txn->mt_spill_pgs) {
   2082 		txn->mt_spill_pgs = mdb_midl_alloc(MDB_IDL_UM_MAX);
   2083 		if (!txn->mt_spill_pgs)
   2084 			return ENOMEM;
   2085 	} else {
   2086 		/* purge deleted slots */
   2087 		MDB_IDL sl = txn->mt_spill_pgs;
   2088 		unsigned int num = sl[0];
   2089 		j=0;
   2090 		for (i=1; i<=num; i++) {
   2091 			if (!(sl[i] & 1))
   2092 				sl[++j] = sl[i];
   2093 		}
   2094 		sl[0] = j;
   2095 	}
   2096 
   2097 	/* Preserve pages which may soon be dirtied again */
   2098 	if ((rc = mdb_pages_xkeep(m0, P_DIRTY, 1)) != MDB_SUCCESS)
   2099 		goto done;
   2100 
   2101 	/* Less aggressive spill - we originally spilled the entire dirty list,
   2102 	 * with a few exceptions for cursor pages and DB root pages. But this
   2103 	 * turns out to be a lot of wasted effort because in a large txn many
   2104 	 * of those pages will need to be used again. So now we spill only 1/8th
   2105 	 * of the dirty pages. Testing revealed this to be a good tradeoff,
   2106 	 * better than 1/2, 1/4, or 1/10.
   2107 	 */
   2108 	if (need < MDB_IDL_UM_MAX / 8)
   2109 		need = MDB_IDL_UM_MAX / 8;
   2110 
   2111 	/* Save the page IDs of all the pages we're flushing */
   2112 	/* flush from the tail forward, this saves a lot of shifting later on. */
   2113 	for (i=dl[0].mid; i && need; i--) {
   2114 		MDB_ID pn = dl[i].mid << 1;
   2115 		dp = dl[i].mptr;
   2116 		if (dp->mp_flags & (P_LOOSE|P_KEEP))
   2117 			continue;
   2118 		/* Can't spill twice, make sure it's not already in a parent's
   2119 		 * spill list.
   2120 		 */
   2121 		if (txn->mt_parent) {
   2122 			MDB_txn *tx2;
   2123 			for (tx2 = txn->mt_parent; tx2; tx2 = tx2->mt_parent) {
   2124 				if (tx2->mt_spill_pgs) {
   2125 					j = mdb_midl_search(tx2->mt_spill_pgs, pn);
   2126 					if (j <= tx2->mt_spill_pgs[0] && tx2->mt_spill_pgs[j] == pn) {
   2127 						dp->mp_flags |= P_KEEP;
   2128 						break;
   2129 					}
   2130 				}
   2131 			}
   2132 			if (tx2)
   2133 				continue;
   2134 		}
   2135 		if ((rc = mdb_midl_append(&txn->mt_spill_pgs, pn)))
   2136 			goto done;
   2137 		need--;
   2138 	}
   2139 	mdb_midl_sort(txn->mt_spill_pgs);
   2140 
   2141 	/* Flush the spilled part of dirty list */
   2142 	if ((rc = mdb_page_flush(txn, i)) != MDB_SUCCESS)
   2143 		goto done;
   2144 
   2145 	/* Reset any dirty pages we kept that page_flush didn't see */
   2146 	rc = mdb_pages_xkeep(m0, P_DIRTY|P_KEEP, i);
   2147 
   2148 done:
   2149 	txn->mt_flags |= rc ? MDB_TXN_ERROR : MDB_TXN_SPILLS;
   2150 	return rc;
   2151 }
   2152 
   2153 /** Find oldest txnid still referenced. Expects txn->mt_txnid > 0. */
   2154 static txnid_t
   2155 mdb_find_oldest(MDB_txn *txn)
   2156 {
   2157 	int i;
   2158 	txnid_t mr, oldest = txn->mt_txnid - 1;
   2159 	if (txn->mt_env->me_txns) {
   2160 		MDB_reader *r = txn->mt_env->me_txns->mti_readers;
   2161 		for (i = txn->mt_env->me_txns->mti_numreaders; --i >= 0; ) {
   2162 			if (r[i].mr_pid) {
   2163 				mr = r[i].mr_txnid;
   2164 				if (oldest > mr)
   2165 					oldest = mr;
   2166 			}
   2167 		}
   2168 	}
   2169 	return oldest;
   2170 }
   2171 
   2172 /** Add a page to the txn's dirty list */
   2173 static void
   2174 mdb_page_dirty(MDB_txn *txn, MDB_page *mp)
   2175 {
   2176 	MDB_ID2 mid;
   2177 	int rc, (*insert)(MDB_ID2L, MDB_ID2 *);
   2178 
   2179 	if (txn->mt_flags & MDB_TXN_WRITEMAP) {
   2180 		insert = mdb_mid2l_append;
   2181 	} else {
   2182 		insert = mdb_mid2l_insert;
   2183 	}
   2184 	mid.mid = mp->mp_pgno;
   2185 	mid.mptr = mp;
   2186 	rc = insert(txn->mt_u.dirty_list, &mid);
   2187 	mdb_tassert(txn, rc == 0);
   2188 	txn->mt_dirty_room--;
   2189 }
   2190 
   2191 /** Allocate page numbers and memory for writing.  Maintain me_pglast,
   2192  * me_pghead and mt_next_pgno.  Set #MDB_TXN_ERROR on failure.
   2193  *
   2194  * If there are free pages available from older transactions, they
   2195  * are re-used first. Otherwise allocate a new page at mt_next_pgno.
   2196  * Do not modify the freedB, just merge freeDB records into me_pghead[]
   2197  * and move me_pglast to say which records were consumed.  Only this
   2198  * function can create me_pghead and move me_pglast/mt_next_pgno.
   2199  * @param[in] mc cursor A cursor handle identifying the transaction and
   2200  *	database for which we are allocating.
   2201  * @param[in] num the number of pages to allocate.
   2202  * @param[out] mp Address of the allocated page(s). Requests for multiple pages
   2203  *  will always be satisfied by a single contiguous chunk of memory.
   2204  * @return 0 on success, non-zero on failure.
   2205  */
   2206 static int
   2207 mdb_page_alloc(MDB_cursor *mc, int num, MDB_page **mp)
   2208 {
   2209 #ifdef MDB_PARANOID	/* Seems like we can ignore this now */
   2210 	/* Get at most <Max_retries> more freeDB records once me_pghead
   2211 	 * has enough pages.  If not enough, use new pages from the map.
   2212 	 * If <Paranoid> and mc is updating the freeDB, only get new
   2213 	 * records if me_pghead is empty. Then the freelist cannot play
   2214 	 * catch-up with itself by growing while trying to save it.
   2215 	 */
   2216 	enum { Paranoid = 1, Max_retries = 500 };
   2217 #else
   2218 	enum { Paranoid = 0, Max_retries = INT_MAX /*infinite*/ };
   2219 #endif
   2220 	int rc, retry = num * 60;
   2221 	MDB_txn *txn = mc->mc_txn;
   2222 	MDB_env *env = txn->mt_env;
   2223 	pgno_t pgno, *mop = env->me_pghead;
   2224 	unsigned i, j, mop_len = mop ? mop[0] : 0, n2 = num-1;
   2225 	MDB_page *np;
   2226 	txnid_t oldest = 0, last;
   2227 	MDB_cursor_op op;
   2228 	MDB_cursor m2;
   2229 	int found_old = 0;
   2230 
   2231 	/* If there are any loose pages, just use them */
   2232 	if (num == 1 && txn->mt_loose_pgs) {
   2233 		np = txn->mt_loose_pgs;
   2234 		txn->mt_loose_pgs = NEXT_LOOSE_PAGE(np);
   2235 		txn->mt_loose_count--;
   2236 		DPRINTF(("db %d use loose page %"Z"u", DDBI(mc),
   2237 				np->mp_pgno));
   2238 		*mp = np;
   2239 		return MDB_SUCCESS;
   2240 	}
   2241 
   2242 	*mp = NULL;
   2243 
   2244 	/* If our dirty list is already full, we can't do anything */
   2245 	if (txn->mt_dirty_room == 0) {
   2246 		rc = MDB_TXN_FULL;
   2247 		goto fail;
   2248 	}
   2249 
   2250 	for (op = MDB_FIRST;; op = MDB_NEXT) {
   2251 		MDB_val key, data;
   2252 		MDB_node *leaf;
   2253 		pgno_t *idl;
   2254 
   2255 		/* Seek a big enough contiguous page range. Prefer
   2256 		 * pages at the tail, just truncating the list.
   2257 		 */
   2258 		if (mop_len > n2) {
   2259 			i = mop_len;
   2260 			do {
   2261 				pgno = mop[i];
   2262 				if (mop[i-n2] == pgno+n2)
   2263 					goto search_done;
   2264 			} while (--i > n2);
   2265 			if (--retry < 0)
   2266 				break;
   2267 		}
   2268 
   2269 		if (op == MDB_FIRST) {	/* 1st iteration */
   2270 			/* Prepare to fetch more and coalesce */
   2271 			last = env->me_pglast;
   2272 			oldest = env->me_pgoldest;
   2273 			mdb_cursor_init(&m2, txn, FREE_DBI, NULL);
   2274 			if (last) {
   2275 				op = MDB_SET_RANGE;
   2276 				key.mv_data = &last; /* will look up last+1 */
   2277 				key.mv_size = sizeof(last);
   2278 			}
   2279 			if (Paranoid && mc->mc_dbi == FREE_DBI)
   2280 				retry = -1;
   2281 		}
   2282 		if (Paranoid && retry < 0 && mop_len)
   2283 			break;
   2284 
   2285 		last++;
   2286 		/* Do not fetch more if the record will be too recent */
   2287 		if (oldest <= last) {
   2288 			if (!found_old) {
   2289 				oldest = mdb_find_oldest(txn);
   2290 				env->me_pgoldest = oldest;
   2291 				found_old = 1;
   2292 			}
   2293 			if (oldest <= last)
   2294 				break;
   2295 		}
   2296 		rc = mdb_cursor_get(&m2, &key, NULL, op);
   2297 		if (rc) {
   2298 			if (rc == MDB_NOTFOUND)
   2299 				break;
   2300 			goto fail;
   2301 		}
   2302 		last = *(txnid_t*)key.mv_data;
   2303 		if (oldest <= last) {
   2304 			if (!found_old) {
   2305 				oldest = mdb_find_oldest(txn);
   2306 				env->me_pgoldest = oldest;
   2307 				found_old = 1;
   2308 			}
   2309 			if (oldest <= last)
   2310 				break;
   2311 		}
   2312 		np = m2.mc_pg[m2.mc_top];
   2313 		leaf = NODEPTR(np, m2.mc_ki[m2.mc_top]);
   2314 		if ((rc = mdb_node_read(&m2, leaf, &data)) != MDB_SUCCESS)
   2315 			goto fail;
   2316 
   2317 		idl = (MDB_ID *) data.mv_data;
   2318 		i = idl[0];
   2319 		if (!mop) {
   2320 			if (!(env->me_pghead = mop = mdb_midl_alloc(i))) {
   2321 				rc = ENOMEM;
   2322 				goto fail;
   2323 			}
   2324 		} else {
   2325 			if ((rc = mdb_midl_need(&env->me_pghead, i)) != 0)
   2326 				goto fail;
   2327 			mop = env->me_pghead;
   2328 		}
   2329 		env->me_pglast = last;
   2330 #if (MDB_DEBUG) > 1
   2331 		DPRINTF(("IDL read txn %"Z"u root %"Z"u num %u",
   2332 			last, txn->mt_dbs[FREE_DBI].md_root, i));
   2333 		for (j = i; j; j--)
   2334 			DPRINTF(("IDL %"Z"u", idl[j]));
   2335 #endif
   2336 		/* Merge in descending sorted order */
   2337 		mdb_midl_xmerge(mop, idl);
   2338 		mop_len = mop[0];
   2339 	}
   2340 
   2341 	/* Use new pages from the map when nothing suitable in the freeDB */
   2342 	i = 0;
   2343 	pgno = txn->mt_next_pgno;
   2344 	if (pgno + num >= env->me_maxpg) {
   2345 			DPUTS("DB size maxed out");
   2346 			rc = MDB_MAP_FULL;
   2347 			goto fail;
   2348 	}
   2349 
   2350 search_done:
   2351 	if (env->me_flags & MDB_WRITEMAP) {
   2352 		np = (MDB_page *)(env->me_map + env->me_psize * pgno);
   2353 	} else {
   2354 		if (!(np = mdb_page_malloc(txn, num))) {
   2355 			rc = ENOMEM;
   2356 			goto fail;
   2357 		}
   2358 	}
   2359 	if (i) {
   2360 		mop[0] = mop_len -= num;
   2361 		/* Move any stragglers down */
   2362 		for (j = i-num; j < mop_len; )
   2363 			mop[++j] = mop[++i];
   2364 	} else {
   2365 		txn->mt_next_pgno = pgno + num;
   2366 	}
   2367 	np->mp_pgno = pgno;
   2368 	mdb_page_dirty(txn, np);
   2369 	*mp = np;
   2370 
   2371 	return MDB_SUCCESS;
   2372 
   2373 fail:
   2374 	txn->mt_flags |= MDB_TXN_ERROR;
   2375 	return rc;
   2376 }
   2377 
   2378 /** Copy the used portions of a non-overflow page.
   2379  * @param[in] dst page to copy into
   2380  * @param[in] src page to copy from
   2381  * @param[in] psize size of a page
   2382  */
   2383 static void
   2384 mdb_page_copy(MDB_page *dst, MDB_page *src, unsigned int psize)
   2385 {
   2386 	enum { Align = sizeof(pgno_t) };
   2387 	indx_t upper = src->mp_upper, lower = src->mp_lower, unused = upper-lower;
   2388 
   2389 	/* If page isn't full, just copy the used portion. Adjust
   2390 	 * alignment so memcpy may copy words instead of bytes.
   2391 	 */
   2392 	if ((unused &= -Align) && !IS_LEAF2(src)) {
   2393 		upper = (upper + PAGEBASE) & -Align;
   2394 		memcpy(dst, src, (lower + PAGEBASE + (Align-1)) & -Align);
   2395 		memcpy((pgno_t *)((char *)dst+upper), (pgno_t *)((char *)src+upper),
   2396 			psize - upper);
   2397 	} else {
   2398 		memcpy(dst, src, psize - unused);
   2399 	}
   2400 }
   2401 
   2402 /** Pull a page off the txn's spill list, if present.
   2403  * If a page being referenced was spilled to disk in this txn, bring
   2404  * it back and make it dirty/writable again.
   2405  * @param[in] txn the transaction handle.
   2406  * @param[in] mp the page being referenced. It must not be dirty.
   2407  * @param[out] ret the writable page, if any. ret is unchanged if
   2408  * mp wasn't spilled.
   2409  */
   2410 static int
   2411 mdb_page_unspill(MDB_txn *txn, MDB_page *mp, MDB_page **ret)
   2412 {
   2413 	MDB_env *env = txn->mt_env;
   2414 	const MDB_txn *tx2;
   2415 	unsigned x;
   2416 	pgno_t pgno = mp->mp_pgno, pn = pgno << 1;
   2417 
   2418 	for (tx2 = txn; tx2; tx2=tx2->mt_parent) {
   2419 		if (!tx2->mt_spill_pgs)
   2420 			continue;
   2421 		x = mdb_midl_search(tx2->mt_spill_pgs, pn);
   2422 		if (x <= tx2->mt_spill_pgs[0] && tx2->mt_spill_pgs[x] == pn) {
   2423 			MDB_page *np;
   2424 			int num;
   2425 			if (txn->mt_dirty_room == 0)
   2426 				return MDB_TXN_FULL;
   2427 			if (IS_OVERFLOW(mp))
   2428 				num = mp->mp_pages;
   2429 			else
   2430 				num = 1;
   2431 			if (env->me_flags & MDB_WRITEMAP) {
   2432 				np = mp;
   2433 			} else {
   2434 				np = mdb_page_malloc(txn, num);
   2435 				if (!np)
   2436 					return ENOMEM;
   2437 				if (num > 1)
   2438 					memcpy(np, mp, num * env->me_psize);
   2439 				else
   2440 					mdb_page_copy(np, mp, env->me_psize);
   2441 			}
   2442 			if (tx2 == txn) {
   2443 				/* If in current txn, this page is no longer spilled.
   2444 				 * If it happens to be the last page, truncate the spill list.
   2445 				 * Otherwise mark it as deleted by setting the LSB.
   2446 				 */
   2447 				if (x == txn->mt_spill_pgs[0])
   2448 					txn->mt_spill_pgs[0]--;
   2449 				else
   2450 					txn->mt_spill_pgs[x] |= 1;
   2451 			}	/* otherwise, if belonging to a parent txn, the
   2452 				 * page remains spilled until child commits
   2453 				 */
   2454 
   2455 			mdb_page_dirty(txn, np);
   2456 			np->mp_flags |= P_DIRTY;
   2457 			*ret = np;
   2458 			break;
   2459 		}
   2460 	}
   2461 	return MDB_SUCCESS;
   2462 }
   2463 
   2464 /** Touch a page: make it dirty and re-insert into tree with updated pgno.
   2465  * Set #MDB_TXN_ERROR on failure.
   2466  * @param[in] mc cursor pointing to the page to be touched
   2467  * @return 0 on success, non-zero on failure.
   2468  */
   2469 static int
   2470 mdb_page_touch(MDB_cursor *mc)
   2471 {
   2472 	MDB_page *mp = mc->mc_pg[mc->mc_top], *np;
   2473 	MDB_txn *txn = mc->mc_txn;
   2474 	MDB_cursor *m2, *m3;
   2475 	pgno_t	pgno;
   2476 	int rc;
   2477 
   2478 	if (!F_ISSET(MP_FLAGS(mp), P_DIRTY)) {
   2479 		if (txn->mt_flags & MDB_TXN_SPILLS) {
   2480 			np = NULL;
   2481 			rc = mdb_page_unspill(txn, mp, &np);
   2482 			if (rc)
   2483 				goto fail;
   2484 			if (np)
   2485 				goto done;
   2486 		}
   2487 		if ((rc = mdb_midl_need(&txn->mt_free_pgs, 1)) ||
   2488 			(rc = mdb_page_alloc(mc, 1, &np)))
   2489 			goto fail;
   2490 		pgno = np->mp_pgno;
   2491 		DPRINTF(("touched db %d page %"Z"u -> %"Z"u", DDBI(mc),
   2492 			mp->mp_pgno, pgno));
   2493 		mdb_cassert(mc, mp->mp_pgno != pgno);
   2494 		mdb_midl_xappend(txn->mt_free_pgs, mp->mp_pgno);
   2495 		/* Update the parent page, if any, to point to the new page */
   2496 		if (mc->mc_top) {
   2497 			MDB_page *parent = mc->mc_pg[mc->mc_top-1];
   2498 			MDB_node *node = NODEPTR(parent, mc->mc_ki[mc->mc_top-1]);
   2499 			SETPGNO(node, pgno);
   2500 		} else {
   2501 			mc->mc_db->md_root = pgno;
   2502 		}
   2503 	} else if (txn->mt_parent && !IS_SUBP(mp)) {
   2504 		MDB_ID2 mid, *dl = txn->mt_u.dirty_list;
   2505 		pgno = mp->mp_pgno;
   2506 		/* If txn has a parent, make sure the page is in our
   2507 		 * dirty list.
   2508 		 */
   2509 		if (dl[0].mid) {
   2510 			unsigned x = mdb_mid2l_search(dl, pgno);
   2511 			if (x <= dl[0].mid && dl[x].mid == pgno) {
   2512 				if (mp != dl[x].mptr) { /* bad cursor? */
   2513 					mc->mc_flags &= ~(C_INITIALIZED|C_EOF);
   2514 					txn->mt_flags |= MDB_TXN_ERROR;
   2515 					return MDB_CORRUPTED;
   2516 				}
   2517 				return 0;
   2518 			}
   2519 		}
   2520 		mdb_cassert(mc, dl[0].mid < MDB_IDL_UM_MAX);
   2521 		/* No - copy it */
   2522 		np = mdb_page_malloc(txn, 1);
   2523 		if (!np)
   2524 			return ENOMEM;
   2525 		mid.mid = pgno;
   2526 		mid.mptr = np;
   2527 		rc = mdb_mid2l_insert(dl, &mid);
   2528 		mdb_cassert(mc, rc == 0);
   2529 	} else {
   2530 		return 0;
   2531 	}
   2532 
   2533 	mdb_page_copy(np, mp, txn->mt_env->me_psize);
   2534 	np->mp_pgno = pgno;
   2535 	np->mp_flags |= P_DIRTY;
   2536 
   2537 done:
   2538 	/* Adjust cursors pointing to mp */
   2539 	mc->mc_pg[mc->mc_top] = np;
   2540 	m2 = txn->mt_cursors[mc->mc_dbi];
   2541 	if (mc->mc_flags & C_SUB) {
   2542 		for (; m2; m2=m2->mc_next) {
   2543 			m3 = &m2->mc_xcursor->mx_cursor;
   2544 			if (m3->mc_snum < mc->mc_snum) continue;
   2545 			if (m3->mc_pg[mc->mc_top] == mp)
   2546 				m3->mc_pg[mc->mc_top] = np;
   2547 		}
   2548 	} else {
   2549 		for (; m2; m2=m2->mc_next) {
   2550 			if (m2->mc_snum < mc->mc_snum) continue;
   2551 			if (m2 == mc) continue;
   2552 			if (m2->mc_pg[mc->mc_top] == mp) {
   2553 				m2->mc_pg[mc->mc_top] = np;
   2554 				if (IS_LEAF(np))
   2555 					XCURSOR_REFRESH(m2, mc->mc_top, np);
   2556 			}
   2557 		}
   2558 	}
   2559 	return 0;
   2560 
   2561 fail:
   2562 	txn->mt_flags |= MDB_TXN_ERROR;
   2563 	return rc;
   2564 }
   2565 
   2566 int
   2567 mdb_env_sync(MDB_env *env, int force)
   2568 {
   2569 	int rc = 0;
   2570 	if (env->me_flags & MDB_RDONLY)
   2571 		return EACCES;
   2572 	if (force || !F_ISSET(env->me_flags, MDB_NOSYNC)) {
   2573 		if (env->me_flags & MDB_WRITEMAP) {
   2574 			int flags = ((env->me_flags & MDB_MAPASYNC) && !force)
   2575 				? MS_ASYNC : MS_SYNC;
   2576 			if (MDB_MSYNC(env->me_map, env->me_mapsize, flags))
   2577 				rc = ErrCode();
   2578 #ifdef _WIN32
   2579 			else if (flags == MS_SYNC && MDB_FDATASYNC(env->me_fd))
   2580 				rc = ErrCode();
   2581 #endif
   2582 		} else {
   2583 #ifdef BROKEN_FDATASYNC
   2584 			if (env->me_flags & MDB_FSYNCONLY) {
   2585 				if (fsync(env->me_fd))
   2586 					rc = ErrCode();
   2587 			} else
   2588 #endif
   2589 			if (MDB_FDATASYNC(env->me_fd))
   2590 				rc = ErrCode();
   2591 		}
   2592 	}
   2593 	return rc;
   2594 }
   2595 
   2596 /** Back up parent txn's cursors, then grab the originals for tracking */
   2597 static int
   2598 mdb_cursor_shadow(MDB_txn *src, MDB_txn *dst)
   2599 {
   2600 	MDB_cursor *mc, *bk;
   2601 	MDB_xcursor *mx;
   2602 	size_t size;
   2603 	int i;
   2604 
   2605 	for (i = src->mt_numdbs; --i >= 0; ) {
   2606 		if ((mc = src->mt_cursors[i]) != NULL) {
   2607 			size = sizeof(MDB_cursor);
   2608 			if (mc->mc_xcursor)
   2609 				size += sizeof(MDB_xcursor);
   2610 			for (; mc; mc = bk->mc_next) {
   2611 				bk = malloc(size);
   2612 				if (!bk)
   2613 					return ENOMEM;
   2614 				*bk = *mc;
   2615 				mc->mc_backup = bk;
   2616 				mc->mc_db = &dst->mt_dbs[i];
   2617 				/* Kill pointers into src to reduce abuse: The
   2618 				 * user may not use mc until dst ends. But we need a valid
   2619 				 * txn pointer here for cursor fixups to keep working.
   2620 				 */
   2621 				mc->mc_txn    = dst;
   2622 				mc->mc_dbflag = &dst->mt_dbflags[i];
   2623 				if ((mx = mc->mc_xcursor) != NULL) {
   2624 					*(MDB_xcursor *)(bk+1) = *mx;
   2625 					mx->mx_cursor.mc_txn = dst;
   2626 				}
   2627 				mc->mc_next = dst->mt_cursors[i];
   2628 				dst->mt_cursors[i] = mc;
   2629 			}
   2630 		}
   2631 	}
   2632 	return MDB_SUCCESS;
   2633 }
   2634 
   2635 /** Close this write txn's cursors, give parent txn's cursors back to parent.
   2636  * @param[in] txn the transaction handle.
   2637  * @param[in] merge true to keep changes to parent cursors, false to revert.
   2638  * @return 0 on success, non-zero on failure.
   2639  */
   2640 static void
   2641 mdb_cursors_close(MDB_txn *txn, unsigned merge)
   2642 {
   2643 	MDB_cursor **cursors = txn->mt_cursors, *mc, *next, *bk;
   2644 	MDB_xcursor *mx;
   2645 	int i;
   2646 
   2647 	for (i = txn->mt_numdbs; --i >= 0; ) {
   2648 		for (mc = cursors[i]; mc; mc = next) {
   2649 			next = mc->mc_next;
   2650 			if ((bk = mc->mc_backup) != NULL) {
   2651 				if (merge) {
   2652 					/* Commit changes to parent txn */
   2653 					mc->mc_next = bk->mc_next;
   2654 					mc->mc_backup = bk->mc_backup;
   2655 					mc->mc_txn = bk->mc_txn;
   2656 					mc->mc_db = bk->mc_db;
   2657 					mc->mc_dbflag = bk->mc_dbflag;
   2658 					if ((mx = mc->mc_xcursor) != NULL)
   2659 						mx->mx_cursor.mc_txn = bk->mc_txn;
   2660 				} else {
   2661 					/* Abort nested txn */
   2662 					*mc = *bk;
   2663 					if ((mx = mc->mc_xcursor) != NULL)
   2664 						*mx = *(MDB_xcursor *)(bk+1);
   2665 				}
   2666 				mc = bk;
   2667 			}
   2668 			/* Only malloced cursors are permanently tracked. */
   2669 			free(mc);
   2670 		}
   2671 		cursors[i] = NULL;
   2672 	}
   2673 }
   2674 
   2675 #if !(MDB_PIDLOCK)		/* Currently the same as defined(_WIN32) */
   2676 enum Pidlock_op {
   2677 	Pidset, Pidcheck
   2678 };
   2679 #else
   2680 enum Pidlock_op {
   2681 	Pidset = F_SETLK, Pidcheck = F_GETLK
   2682 };
   2683 #endif
   2684 
   2685 /** Set or check a pid lock. Set returns 0 on success.
   2686  * Check returns 0 if the process is certainly dead, nonzero if it may
   2687  * be alive (the lock exists or an error happened so we do not know).
   2688  *
   2689  * On Windows Pidset is a no-op, we merely check for the existence
   2690  * of the process with the given pid. On POSIX we use a single byte
   2691  * lock on the lockfile, set at an offset equal to the pid.
   2692  */
   2693 static int
   2694 mdb_reader_pid(MDB_env *env, enum Pidlock_op op, MDB_PID_T pid)
   2695 {
   2696 #if !(MDB_PIDLOCK)		/* Currently the same as defined(_WIN32) */
   2697 	int ret = 0;
   2698 	HANDLE h;
   2699 	if (op == Pidcheck) {
   2700 		h = OpenProcess(env->me_pidquery, FALSE, pid);
   2701 		/* No documented "no such process" code, but other program use this: */
   2702 		if (!h)
   2703 			return ErrCode() != ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETER;
   2704 		/* A process exists until all handles to it close. Has it exited? */
   2705 		ret = WaitForSingleObject(h, 0) != 0;
   2706 		CloseHandle(h);
   2707 	}
   2708 	return ret;
   2709 #else
   2710 	for (;;) {
   2711 		int rc;
   2712 		struct flock lock_info;
   2713 		memset(&lock_info, 0, sizeof(lock_info));
   2714 		lock_info.l_type = F_WRLCK;
   2715 		lock_info.l_whence = SEEK_SET;
   2716 		lock_info.l_start = pid;
   2717 		lock_info.l_len = 1;
   2718 		if ((rc = fcntl(env->me_lfd, op, &lock_info)) == 0) {
   2719 			if (op == F_GETLK && lock_info.l_type != F_UNLCK)
   2720 				rc = -1;
   2721 		} else if ((rc = ErrCode()) == EINTR) {
   2722 			continue;
   2723 		}
   2724 		return rc;
   2725 	}
   2726 #endif
   2727 }
   2728 
   2729 /** Common code for #mdb_txn_begin() and #mdb_txn_renew().
   2730  * @param[in] txn the transaction handle to initialize
   2731  * @return 0 on success, non-zero on failure.
   2732  */
   2733 static int
   2734 mdb_txn_renew0(MDB_txn *txn)
   2735 {
   2736 	MDB_env *env = txn->mt_env;
   2737 	MDB_txninfo *ti = env->me_txns;
   2738 	MDB_meta *meta;
   2739 	unsigned int i, nr, flags = txn->mt_flags;
   2740 	uint16_t x;
   2741 	int rc, new_notls = 0;
   2742 
   2743 	if ((flags &= MDB_TXN_RDONLY) != 0) {
   2744 		if (!ti) {
   2745 			meta = mdb_env_pick_meta(env);
   2746 			txn->mt_txnid = meta->mm_txnid;
   2747 			txn->mt_u.reader = NULL;
   2748 		} else {
   2749 			MDB_reader *r = (env->me_flags & MDB_NOTLS) ? txn->mt_u.reader :
   2750 				pthread_getspecific(env->me_txkey);
   2751 			if (r) {
   2752 				if (r->mr_pid != env->me_pid || r->mr_txnid != (txnid_t)-1)
   2753 					return MDB_BAD_RSLOT;
   2754 			} else {
   2755 				MDB_PID_T pid = env->me_pid;
   2756 				MDB_THR_T tid = pthread_self();
   2757 				mdb_mutexref_t rmutex = env->me_rmutex;
   2758 
   2759 				if (!env->me_live_reader) {
   2760 					rc = mdb_reader_pid(env, Pidset, pid);
   2761 					if (rc)
   2762 						return rc;
   2763 					env->me_live_reader = 1;
   2764 				}
   2765 
   2766 				if (LOCK_MUTEX(rc, env, rmutex))
   2767 					return rc;
   2768 				nr = ti->mti_numreaders;
   2769 				for (i=0; i<nr; i++)
   2770 					if (ti->mti_readers[i].mr_pid == 0)
   2771 						break;
   2772 				if (i == env->me_maxreaders) {
   2773 					UNLOCK_MUTEX(rmutex);
   2774 					return MDB_READERS_FULL;
   2775 				}
   2776 				r = &ti->mti_readers[i];
   2777 				/* Claim the reader slot, carefully since other code
   2778 				 * uses the reader table un-mutexed: First reset the
   2779 				 * slot, next publish it in mti_numreaders.  After
   2780 				 * that, it is safe for mdb_env_close() to touch it.
   2781 				 * When it will be closed, we can finally claim it.
   2782 				 */
   2783 				r->mr_pid = 0;
   2784 				r->mr_txnid = (txnid_t)-1;
   2785 				r->mr_tid = tid;
   2786 				if (i == nr)
   2787 					ti->mti_numreaders = ++nr;
   2788 				env->me_close_readers = nr;
   2789 				r->mr_pid = pid;
   2790 				UNLOCK_MUTEX(rmutex);
   2791 
   2792 				new_notls = (env->me_flags & MDB_NOTLS);
   2793 				if (!new_notls && (rc=pthread_setspecific(env->me_txkey, r))) {
   2794 					r->mr_pid = 0;
   2795 					return rc;
   2796 				}
   2797 			}
   2798 			do /* LY: Retry on a race, ITS#7970. */
   2799 				r->mr_txnid = ti->mti_txnid;
   2800 			while(r->mr_txnid != ti->mti_txnid);
   2801 			if (!r->mr_txnid && (env->me_flags & MDB_RDONLY)) {
   2802 				meta = mdb_env_pick_meta(env);
   2803 				r->mr_txnid = meta->mm_txnid;
   2804 			} else {
   2805 				meta = env->me_metas[r->mr_txnid & 1];
   2806 			}
   2807 			txn->mt_txnid = r->mr_txnid;
   2808 			txn->mt_u.reader = r;
   2809 		}
   2810 
   2811 	} else {
   2812 		/* Not yet touching txn == env->me_txn0, it may be active */
   2813 		if (ti) {
   2814 			if (LOCK_MUTEX(rc, env, env->me_wmutex))
   2815 				return rc;
   2816 			txn->mt_txnid = ti->mti_txnid;
   2817 			meta = env->me_metas[txn->mt_txnid & 1];
   2818 		} else {
   2819 			meta = mdb_env_pick_meta(env);
   2820 			txn->mt_txnid = meta->mm_txnid;
   2821 		}
   2822 		txn->mt_txnid++;
   2823 #if MDB_DEBUG
   2824 		if (txn->mt_txnid == mdb_debug_start)
   2825 			mdb_debug = MDB_DBG_INFO;
   2826 #endif
   2827 		txn->mt_child = NULL;
   2828 		txn->mt_loose_pgs = NULL;
   2829 		txn->mt_loose_count = 0;
   2830 		txn->mt_dirty_room = MDB_IDL_UM_MAX;
   2831 		txn->mt_u.dirty_list = env->me_dirty_list;
   2832 		txn->mt_u.dirty_list[0].mid = 0;
   2833 		txn->mt_free_pgs = env->me_free_pgs;
   2834 		txn->mt_free_pgs[0] = 0;
   2835 		txn->mt_spill_pgs = NULL;
   2836 		env->me_txn = txn;
   2837 		memcpy(txn->mt_dbiseqs, env->me_dbiseqs, env->me_maxdbs * sizeof(unsigned int));
   2838 	}
   2839 
   2840 	/* Copy the DB info and flags */
   2841 	memcpy(txn->mt_dbs, meta->mm_dbs, CORE_DBS * sizeof(MDB_db));
   2842 
   2843 	/* Moved to here to avoid a data race in read TXNs */
   2844 	txn->mt_next_pgno = meta->mm_last_pg+1;
   2845 
   2846 	txn->mt_flags = flags;
   2847 
   2848 	/* Setup db info */
   2849 	txn->mt_numdbs = env->me_numdbs;
   2850 	for (i=CORE_DBS; i<txn->mt_numdbs; i++) {
   2851 		x = env->me_dbflags[i];
   2852 		txn->mt_dbs[i].md_flags = x & PERSISTENT_FLAGS;
   2853 		txn->mt_dbflags[i] = (x & MDB_VALID) ? DB_VALID|DB_USRVALID|DB_STALE : 0;
   2854 	}
   2855 	txn->mt_dbflags[MAIN_DBI] = DB_VALID|DB_USRVALID;
   2856 	txn->mt_dbflags[FREE_DBI] = DB_VALID;
   2857 
   2858 	if (env->me_flags & MDB_FATAL_ERROR) {
   2859 		DPUTS("environment had fatal error, must shutdown!");
   2860 		rc = MDB_PANIC;
   2861 	} else if (env->me_maxpg < txn->mt_next_pgno) {
   2862 		rc = MDB_MAP_RESIZED;
   2863 	} else {
   2864 		return MDB_SUCCESS;
   2865 	}
   2866 	mdb_txn_end(txn, new_notls /*0 or MDB_END_SLOT*/ | MDB_END_FAIL_BEGIN);
   2867 	return rc;
   2868 }
   2869 
   2870 int
   2871 mdb_txn_renew(MDB_txn *txn)
   2872 {
   2873 	int rc;
   2874 
   2875 	if (!txn || !F_ISSET(txn->mt_flags, MDB_TXN_RDONLY|MDB_TXN_FINISHED))
   2876 		return EINVAL;
   2877 
   2878 	rc = mdb_txn_renew0(txn);
   2879 	if (rc == MDB_SUCCESS) {
   2880 		DPRINTF(("renew txn %"Z"u%c %p on mdbenv %p, root page %"Z"u",
   2881 			txn->mt_txnid, (txn->mt_flags & MDB_TXN_RDONLY) ? 'r' : 'w',
   2882 			(void *)txn, (void *)txn->mt_env, txn->mt_dbs[MAIN_DBI].md_root));
   2883 	}
   2884 	return rc;
   2885 }
   2886 
   2887 int
   2888 mdb_txn_begin(MDB_env *env, MDB_txn *parent, unsigned int flags, MDB_txn **ret)
   2889 {
   2890 	MDB_txn *txn;
   2891 	MDB_ntxn *ntxn;
   2892 	int rc, size, tsize;
   2893 
   2894 	flags &= MDB_TXN_BEGIN_FLAGS;
   2895 	flags |= env->me_flags & MDB_WRITEMAP;
   2896 
   2897 	if (env->me_flags & MDB_RDONLY & ~flags) /* write txn in RDONLY env */
   2898 		return EACCES;
   2899 
   2900 	if (parent) {
   2901 		/* Nested transactions: Max 1 child, write txns only, no writemap */
   2902 		flags |= parent->mt_flags;
   2903 		if (flags & (MDB_RDONLY|MDB_WRITEMAP|MDB_TXN_BLOCKED)) {
   2904 			return (parent->mt_flags & MDB_TXN_RDONLY) ? EINVAL : MDB_BAD_TXN;
   2905 		}
   2906 		/* Child txns save MDB_pgstate and use own copy of cursors */
   2907 		size = env->me_maxdbs * (sizeof(MDB_db)+sizeof(MDB_cursor *)+1);
   2908 		size += tsize = sizeof(MDB_ntxn);
   2909 	} else if (flags & MDB_RDONLY) {
   2910 		size = env->me_maxdbs * (sizeof(MDB_db)+1);
   2911 		size += tsize = sizeof(MDB_txn);
   2912 	} else {
   2913 		/* Reuse preallocated write txn. However, do not touch it until
   2914 		 * mdb_txn_renew0() succeeds, since it currently may be active.
   2915 		 */
   2916 		txn = env->me_txn0;
   2917 		goto renew;
   2918 	}
   2919 	if ((txn = calloc(1, size)) == NULL) {
   2920 		DPRINTF(("calloc: %s", strerror(errno)));
   2921 		return ENOMEM;
   2922 	}
   2923 	txn->mt_dbxs = env->me_dbxs;	/* static */
   2924 	txn->mt_dbs = (MDB_db *) ((char *)txn + tsize);
   2925 	txn->mt_dbflags = (unsigned char *)txn + size - env->me_maxdbs;
   2926 	txn->mt_flags = flags;
   2927 	txn->mt_env = env;
   2928 
   2929 	if (parent) {
   2930 		unsigned int i;
   2931 		txn->mt_cursors = (MDB_cursor **)(txn->mt_dbs + env->me_maxdbs);
   2932 		txn->mt_dbiseqs = parent->mt_dbiseqs;
   2933 		txn->mt_u.dirty_list = malloc(sizeof(MDB_ID2)*MDB_IDL_UM_SIZE);
   2934 		if (!txn->mt_u.dirty_list ||
   2935 			!(txn->mt_free_pgs = mdb_midl_alloc(MDB_IDL_UM_MAX)))
   2936 		{
   2937 			free(txn->mt_u.dirty_list);
   2938 			free(txn);
   2939 			return ENOMEM;
   2940 		}
   2941 		txn->mt_txnid = parent->mt_txnid;
   2942 		txn->mt_dirty_room = parent->mt_dirty_room;
   2943 		txn->mt_u.dirty_list[0].mid = 0;
   2944 		txn->mt_spill_pgs = NULL;
   2945 		txn->mt_next_pgno = parent->mt_next_pgno;
   2946 		parent->mt_flags |= MDB_TXN_HAS_CHILD;
   2947 		parent->mt_child = txn;
   2948 		txn->mt_parent = parent;
   2949 		txn->mt_numdbs = parent->mt_numdbs;
   2950 		memcpy(txn->mt_dbs, parent->mt_dbs, txn->mt_numdbs * sizeof(MDB_db));
   2951 		/* Copy parent's mt_dbflags, but clear DB_NEW */
   2952 		for (i=0; i<txn->mt_numdbs; i++)
   2953 			txn->mt_dbflags[i] = parent->mt_dbflags[i] & ~DB_NEW;
   2954 		rc = 0;
   2955 		ntxn = (MDB_ntxn *)txn;
   2956 		ntxn->mnt_pgstate = env->me_pgstate; /* save parent me_pghead & co */
   2957 		if (env->me_pghead) {
   2958 			size = MDB_IDL_SIZEOF(env->me_pghead);
   2959 			env->me_pghead = mdb_midl_alloc(env->me_pghead[0]);
   2960 			if (env->me_pghead)
   2961 				memcpy(env->me_pghead, ntxn->mnt_pgstate.mf_pghead, size);
   2962 			else
   2963 				rc = ENOMEM;
   2964 		}
   2965 		if (!rc)
   2966 			rc = mdb_cursor_shadow(parent, txn);
   2967 		if (rc)
   2968 			mdb_txn_end(txn, MDB_END_FAIL_BEGINCHILD);
   2969 	} else { /* MDB_RDONLY */
   2970 		txn->mt_dbiseqs = env->me_dbiseqs;
   2971 renew:
   2972 		rc = mdb_txn_renew0(txn);
   2973 	}
   2974 	if (rc) {
   2975 		if (txn != env->me_txn0)
   2976 			free(txn);
   2977 	} else {
   2978 		txn->mt_flags |= flags;	/* could not change txn=me_txn0 earlier */
   2979 		*ret = txn;
   2980 		DPRINTF(("begin txn %"Z"u%c %p on mdbenv %p, root page %"Z"u",
   2981 			txn->mt_txnid, (flags & MDB_RDONLY) ? 'r' : 'w',
   2982 			(void *) txn, (void *) env, txn->mt_dbs[MAIN_DBI].md_root));
   2983 	}
   2984 	MDB_TRACE(("%p, %p, %u = %p", env, parent, flags, txn));
   2985 
   2986 	return rc;
   2987 }
   2988 
   2989 MDB_env *
   2990 mdb_txn_env(MDB_txn *txn)
   2991 {
   2992 	if(!txn) return NULL;
   2993 	return txn->mt_env;
   2994 }
   2995 
   2996 size_t
   2997 mdb_txn_id(MDB_txn *txn)
   2998 {
   2999     if(!txn) return 0;
   3000     return txn->mt_txnid;
   3001 }
   3002 
   3003 /** Export or close DBI handles opened in this txn. */
   3004 static void
   3005 mdb_dbis_update(MDB_txn *txn, int keep)
   3006 {
   3007 	int i;
   3008 	MDB_dbi n = txn->mt_numdbs;
   3009 	MDB_env *env = txn->mt_env;
   3010 	unsigned char *tdbflags = txn->mt_dbflags;
   3011 
   3012 	for (i = n; --i >= CORE_DBS;) {
   3013 		if (tdbflags[i] & DB_NEW) {
   3014 			if (keep) {
   3015 				env->me_dbflags[i] = txn->mt_dbs[i].md_flags | MDB_VALID;
   3016 			} else {
   3017 				char *ptr = env->me_dbxs[i].md_name.mv_data;
   3018 				if (ptr) {
   3019 					env->me_dbxs[i].md_name.mv_data = NULL;
   3020 					env->me_dbxs[i].md_name.mv_size = 0;
   3021 					env->me_dbflags[i] = 0;
   3022 					env->me_dbiseqs[i]++;
   3023 					free(ptr);
   3024 				}
   3025 			}
   3026 		}
   3027 	}
   3028 	if (keep && env->me_numdbs < n)
   3029 		env->me_numdbs = n;
   3030 }
   3031 
   3032 /** End a transaction, except successful commit of a nested transaction.
   3033  * May be called twice for readonly txns: First reset it, then abort.
   3034  * @param[in] txn the transaction handle to end
   3035  * @param[in] mode why and how to end the transaction
   3036  */
   3037 static void
   3038 mdb_txn_end(MDB_txn *txn, unsigned mode)
   3039 {
   3040 	MDB_env	*env = txn->mt_env;
   3041 #if MDB_DEBUG
   3042 	static const char *const names[] = MDB_END_NAMES;
   3043 #endif
   3044 
   3045 	/* Export or close DBI handles opened in this txn */
   3046 	mdb_dbis_update(txn, mode & MDB_END_UPDATE);
   3047 
   3048 	DPRINTF(("%s txn %"Z"u%c %p on mdbenv %p, root page %"Z"u",
   3049 		names[mode & MDB_END_OPMASK],
   3050 		txn->mt_txnid, (txn->mt_flags & MDB_TXN_RDONLY) ? 'r' : 'w',
   3051 		(void *) txn, (void *)env, txn->mt_dbs[MAIN_DBI].md_root));
   3052 
   3053 	if (F_ISSET(txn->mt_flags, MDB_TXN_RDONLY)) {
   3054 		if (txn->mt_u.reader) {
   3055 			txn->mt_u.reader->mr_txnid = (txnid_t)-1;
   3056 			if (!(env->me_flags & MDB_NOTLS)) {
   3057 				txn->mt_u.reader = NULL; /* txn does not own reader */
   3058 			} else if (mode & MDB_END_SLOT) {
   3059 				txn->mt_u.reader->mr_pid = 0;
   3060 				txn->mt_u.reader = NULL;
   3061 			} /* else txn owns the slot until it does MDB_END_SLOT */
   3062 		}
   3063 		txn->mt_numdbs = 0;		/* prevent further DBI activity */
   3064 		txn->mt_flags |= MDB_TXN_FINISHED;
   3065 
   3066 	} else if (!F_ISSET(txn->mt_flags, MDB_TXN_FINISHED)) {
   3067 		pgno_t *pghead = env->me_pghead;
   3068 
   3069 		if (!(mode & MDB_END_UPDATE)) /* !(already closed cursors) */
   3070 			mdb_cursors_close(txn, 0);
   3071 		if (!(env->me_flags & MDB_WRITEMAP)) {
   3072 			mdb_dlist_free(txn);
   3073 		}
   3074 
   3075 		txn->mt_numdbs = 0;
   3076 		txn->mt_flags = MDB_TXN_FINISHED;
   3077 
   3078 		if (!txn->mt_parent) {
   3079 			mdb_midl_shrink(&txn->mt_free_pgs);
   3080 			env->me_free_pgs = txn->mt_free_pgs;
   3081 			/* me_pgstate: */
   3082 			env->me_pghead = NULL;
   3083 			env->me_pglast = 0;
   3084 
   3085 			env->me_txn = NULL;
   3086 			mode = 0;	/* txn == env->me_txn0, do not free() it */
   3087 
   3088 			/* The writer mutex was locked in mdb_txn_begin. */
   3089 			if (env->me_txns)
   3090 				UNLOCK_MUTEX(env->me_wmutex);
   3091 		} else {
   3092 			txn->mt_parent->mt_child = NULL;
   3093 			txn->mt_parent->mt_flags &= ~MDB_TXN_HAS_CHILD;
   3094 			env->me_pgstate = ((MDB_ntxn *)txn)->mnt_pgstate;
   3095 			mdb_midl_free(txn->mt_free_pgs);
   3096 			free(txn->mt_u.dirty_list);
   3097 		}
   3098 		mdb_midl_free(txn->mt_spill_pgs);
   3099 
   3100 		mdb_midl_free(pghead);
   3101 	}
   3102 
   3103 	if (mode & MDB_END_FREE)
   3104 		free(txn);
   3105 }
   3106 
   3107 void
   3108 mdb_txn_reset(MDB_txn *txn)
   3109 {
   3110 	if (txn == NULL)
   3111 		return;
   3112 
   3113 	/* This call is only valid for read-only txns */
   3114 	if (!(txn->mt_flags & MDB_TXN_RDONLY))
   3115 		return;
   3116 
   3117 	mdb_txn_end(txn, MDB_END_RESET);
   3118 }
   3119 
   3120 static void
   3121 _mdb_txn_abort(MDB_txn *txn)
   3122 {
   3123 	if (txn == NULL)
   3124 		return;
   3125 
   3126 	if (txn->mt_child)
   3127 		_mdb_txn_abort(txn->mt_child);
   3128 
   3129 	mdb_txn_end(txn, MDB_END_ABORT|MDB_END_SLOT|MDB_END_FREE);
   3130 }
   3131 
   3132 void
   3133 mdb_txn_abort(MDB_txn *txn)
   3134 {
   3135 	MDB_TRACE(("%p", txn));
   3136 	_mdb_txn_abort(txn);
   3137 }
   3138 
   3139 /** Save the freelist as of this transaction to the freeDB.
   3140  * This changes the freelist. Keep trying until it stabilizes.
   3141  */
   3142 static int
   3143 mdb_freelist_save(MDB_txn *txn)
   3144 {
   3145 	/* env->me_pghead[] can grow and shrink during this call.
   3146 	 * env->me_pglast and txn->mt_free_pgs[] can only grow.
   3147 	 * Page numbers cannot disappear from txn->mt_free_pgs[].
   3148 	 */
   3149 	MDB_cursor mc;
   3150 	MDB_env	*env = txn->mt_env;
   3151 	int rc, maxfree_1pg = env->me_maxfree_1pg, more = 1;
   3152 	txnid_t	pglast = 0, head_id = 0;
   3153 	pgno_t	freecnt = 0, *free_pgs, *mop;
   3154 	ssize_t	head_room = 0, total_room = 0, mop_len, clean_limit;
   3155 
   3156 	mdb_cursor_init(&mc, txn, FREE_DBI, NULL);
   3157 
   3158 	if (env->me_pghead) {
   3159 		/* Make sure first page of freeDB is touched and on freelist */
   3160 		rc = mdb_page_search(&mc, NULL, MDB_PS_FIRST|MDB_PS_MODIFY);
   3161 		if (rc && rc != MDB_NOTFOUND)
   3162 			return rc;
   3163 	}
   3164 
   3165 	if (!env->me_pghead && txn->mt_loose_pgs) {
   3166 		/* Put loose page numbers in mt_free_pgs, since
   3167 		 * we may be unable to return them to me_pghead.
   3168 		 */
   3169 		MDB_page *mp = txn->mt_loose_pgs;
   3170 		MDB_ID2 *dl = txn->mt_u.dirty_list;
   3171 		unsigned x;
   3172 		if ((rc = mdb_midl_need(&txn->mt_free_pgs, txn->mt_loose_count)) != 0)
   3173 			return rc;
   3174 		for (; mp; mp = NEXT_LOOSE_PAGE(mp)) {
   3175 			mdb_midl_xappend(txn->mt_free_pgs, mp->mp_pgno);
   3176 			/* must also remove from dirty list */
   3177 			if (txn->mt_flags & MDB_TXN_WRITEMAP) {
   3178 				for (x=1; x<=dl[0].mid; x++)
   3179 					if (dl[x].mid == mp->mp_pgno)
   3180 						break;
   3181 				mdb_tassert(txn, x <= dl[0].mid);
   3182 			} else {
   3183 				x = mdb_mid2l_search(dl, mp->mp_pgno);
   3184 				mdb_tassert(txn, dl[x].mid == mp->mp_pgno);
   3185 				mdb_dpage_free(env, mp);
   3186 			}
   3187 			dl[x].mptr = NULL;
   3188 		}
   3189 		{
   3190 			/* squash freed slots out of the dirty list */
   3191 			unsigned y;
   3192 			for (y=1; dl[y].mptr && y <= dl[0].mid; y++);
   3193 			if (y <= dl[0].mid) {
   3194 				for(x=y, y++;;) {
   3195 					while (!dl[y].mptr && y <= dl[0].mid) y++;
   3196 					if (y > dl[0].mid) break;
   3197 					dl[x++] = dl[y++];
   3198 				}
   3199 				dl[0].mid = x-1;
   3200 			} else {
   3201 				/* all slots freed */
   3202 				dl[0].mid = 0;
   3203 			}
   3204 		}
   3205 		txn->mt_loose_pgs = NULL;
   3206 		txn->mt_loose_count = 0;
   3207 	}
   3208 
   3209 	/* MDB_RESERVE cancels meminit in ovpage malloc (when no WRITEMAP) */
   3210 	clean_limit = (env->me_flags & (MDB_NOMEMINIT|MDB_WRITEMAP))
   3211 		? SSIZE_MAX : maxfree_1pg;
   3212 
   3213 	for (;;) {
   3214 		/* Come back here after each Put() in case freelist changed */
   3215 		MDB_val key, data;
   3216 		pgno_t *pgs;
   3217 		ssize_t j;
   3218 
   3219 		/* If using records from freeDB which we have not yet
   3220 		 * deleted, delete them and any we reserved for me_pghead.
   3221 		 */
   3222 		while (pglast < env->me_pglast) {
   3223 			rc = mdb_cursor_first(&mc, &key, NULL);
   3224 			if (rc)
   3225 				return rc;
   3226 			pglast = head_id = *(txnid_t *)key.mv_data;
   3227 			total_room = head_room = 0;
   3228 			mdb_tassert(txn, pglast <= env->me_pglast);
   3229 			rc = _mdb_cursor_del(&mc, 0);
   3230 			if (rc)
   3231 				return rc;
   3232 		}
   3233 
   3234 		/* Save the IDL of pages freed by this txn, to a single record */
   3235 		if (freecnt < txn->mt_free_pgs[0]) {
   3236 			if (!freecnt) {
   3237 				/* Make sure last page of freeDB is touched and on freelist */
   3238 				rc = mdb_page_search(&mc, NULL, MDB_PS_LAST|MDB_PS_MODIFY);
   3239 				if (rc && rc != MDB_NOTFOUND)
   3240 					return rc;
   3241 			}
   3242 			free_pgs = txn->mt_free_pgs;
   3243 			/* Write to last page of freeDB */
   3244 			key.mv_size = sizeof(txn->mt_txnid);
   3245 			key.mv_data = &txn->mt_txnid;
   3246 			do {
   3247 				freecnt = free_pgs[0];
   3248 				data.mv_size = MDB_IDL_SIZEOF(free_pgs);
   3249 				rc = _mdb_cursor_put(&mc, &key, &data, MDB_RESERVE);
   3250 				if (rc)
   3251 					return rc;
   3252 				/* Retry if mt_free_pgs[] grew during the Put() */
   3253 				free_pgs = txn->mt_free_pgs;
   3254 			} while (freecnt < free_pgs[0]);
   3255 			mdb_midl_sort(free_pgs);
   3256 			memcpy(data.mv_data, free_pgs, data.mv_size);
   3257 #if (MDB_DEBUG) > 1
   3258 			{
   3259 				unsigned int i = free_pgs[0];
   3260 				DPRINTF(("IDL write txn %"Z"u root %"Z"u num %u",
   3261 					txn->mt_txnid, txn->mt_dbs[FREE_DBI].md_root, i));
   3262 				for (; i; i--)
   3263 					DPRINTF(("IDL %"Z"u", free_pgs[i]));
   3264 			}
   3265 #endif
   3266 			continue;
   3267 		}
   3268 
   3269 		mop = env->me_pghead;
   3270 		mop_len = (mop ? mop[0] : 0) + txn->mt_loose_count;
   3271 
   3272 		/* Reserve records for me_pghead[]. Split it if multi-page,
   3273 		 * to avoid searching freeDB for a page range. Use keys in
   3274 		 * range [1,me_pglast]: Smaller than txnid of oldest reader.
   3275 		 */
   3276 		if (total_room >= mop_len) {
   3277 			if (total_room == mop_len || --more < 0)
   3278 				break;
   3279 		} else if (head_room >= maxfree_1pg && head_id > 1) {
   3280 			/* Keep current record (overflow page), add a new one */
   3281 			head_id--;
   3282 			head_room = 0;
   3283 		}
   3284 		/* (Re)write {key = head_id, IDL length = head_room} */
   3285 		total_room -= head_room;
   3286 		head_room = mop_len - total_room;
   3287 		if (head_room > maxfree_1pg && head_id > 1) {
   3288 			/* Overflow multi-page for part of me_pghead */
   3289 			head_room /= head_id; /* amortize page sizes */
   3290 			head_room += maxfree_1pg - head_room % (maxfree_1pg + 1);
   3291 		} else if (head_room < 0) {
   3292 			/* Rare case, not bothering to delete this record */
   3293 			head_room = 0;
   3294 		}
   3295 		key.mv_size = sizeof(head_id);
   3296 		key.mv_data = &head_id;
   3297 		data.mv_size = (head_room + 1) * sizeof(pgno_t);
   3298 		rc = _mdb_cursor_put(&mc, &key, &data, MDB_RESERVE);
   3299 		if (rc)
   3300 			return rc;
   3301 		/* IDL is initially empty, zero out at least the length */
   3302 		pgs = (pgno_t *)data.mv_data;
   3303 		j = head_room > clean_limit ? head_room : 0;
   3304 		do {
   3305 			pgs[j] = 0;
   3306 		} while (--j >= 0);
   3307 		total_room += head_room;
   3308 	}
   3309 
   3310 	/* Return loose page numbers to me_pghead, though usually none are
   3311 	 * left at this point.  The pages themselves remain in dirty_list.
   3312 	 */
   3313 	if (txn->mt_loose_pgs) {
   3314 		MDB_page *mp = txn->mt_loose_pgs;
   3315 		unsigned count = txn->mt_loose_count;
   3316 		MDB_IDL loose;
   3317 		/* Room for loose pages + temp IDL with same */
   3318 		if ((rc = mdb_midl_need(&env->me_pghead, 2*count+1)) != 0)
   3319 			return rc;
   3320 		mop = env->me_pghead;
   3321 		loose = mop + MDB_IDL_ALLOCLEN(mop) - count;
   3322 		for (count = 0; mp; mp = NEXT_LOOSE_PAGE(mp))
   3323 			loose[ ++count ] = mp->mp_pgno;
   3324 		loose[0] = count;
   3325 		mdb_midl_sort(loose);
   3326 		mdb_midl_xmerge(mop, loose);
   3327 		txn->mt_loose_pgs = NULL;
   3328 		txn->mt_loose_count = 0;
   3329 		mop_len = mop[0];
   3330 	}
   3331 
   3332 	/* Fill in the reserved me_pghead records */
   3333 	rc = MDB_SUCCESS;
   3334 	if (mop_len) {
   3335 		MDB_val key, data;
   3336 
   3337 		mop += mop_len;
   3338 		rc = mdb_cursor_first(&mc, &key, &data);
   3339 		for (; !rc; rc = mdb_cursor_next(&mc, &key, &data, MDB_NEXT)) {
   3340 			txnid_t id = *(txnid_t *)key.mv_data;
   3341 			ssize_t	len = (ssize_t)(data.mv_size / sizeof(MDB_ID)) - 1;
   3342 			MDB_ID save;
   3343 
   3344 			mdb_tassert(txn, len >= 0 && id <= env->me_pglast);
   3345 			key.mv_data = &id;
   3346 			if (len > mop_len) {
   3347 				len = mop_len;
   3348 				data.mv_size = (len + 1) * sizeof(MDB_ID);
   3349 			}
   3350 			data.mv_data = mop -= len;
   3351 			save = mop[0];
   3352 			mop[0] = len;
   3353 			rc = _mdb_cursor_put(&mc, &key, &data, MDB_CURRENT);
   3354 			mop[0] = save;
   3355 			if (rc || !(mop_len -= len))
   3356 				break;
   3357 		}
   3358 	}
   3359 	return rc;
   3360 }
   3361 
   3362 /** Flush (some) dirty pages to the map, after clearing their dirty flag.
   3363  * @param[in] txn the transaction that's being committed
   3364  * @param[in] keep number of initial pages in dirty_list to keep dirty.
   3365  * @return 0 on success, non-zero on failure.
   3366  */
   3367 static int
   3368 mdb_page_flush(MDB_txn *txn, int keep)
   3369 {
   3370 	MDB_env		*env = txn->mt_env;
   3371 	MDB_ID2L	dl = txn->mt_u.dirty_list;
   3372 	unsigned	psize = env->me_psize, j;
   3373 	int			i, pagecount = dl[0].mid, rc;
   3374 	size_t		size = 0, pos = 0;
   3375 	pgno_t		pgno = 0;
   3376 	MDB_page	*dp = NULL;
   3377 #ifdef _WIN32
   3378 	OVERLAPPED	ov;
   3379 #else
   3380 	struct iovec iov[MDB_COMMIT_PAGES];
   3381 	ssize_t		wpos = 0, wsize = 0, wres;
   3382 	size_t		next_pos = 1; /* impossible pos, so pos != next_pos */
   3383 	int			n = 0;
   3384 #endif
   3385 
   3386 	j = i = keep;
   3387 
   3388 	if (env->me_flags & MDB_WRITEMAP) {
   3389 		/* Clear dirty flags */
   3390 		while (++i <= pagecount) {
   3391 			dp = dl[i].mptr;
   3392 			/* Don't flush this page yet */
   3393 			if (dp->mp_flags & (P_LOOSE|P_KEEP)) {
   3394 				dp->mp_flags &= ~P_KEEP;
   3395 				dl[++j] = dl[i];
   3396 				continue;
   3397 			}
   3398 			dp->mp_flags &= ~P_DIRTY;
   3399 		}
   3400 		goto done;
   3401 	}
   3402 
   3403 	/* Write the pages */
   3404 	for (;;) {
   3405 		if (++i <= pagecount) {
   3406 			dp = dl[i].mptr;
   3407 			/* Don't flush this page yet */
   3408 			if (dp->mp_flags & (P_LOOSE|P_KEEP)) {
   3409 				dp->mp_flags &= ~P_KEEP;
   3410 				dl[i].mid = 0;
   3411 				continue;
   3412 			}
   3413 			pgno = dl[i].mid;
   3414 			/* clear dirty flag */
   3415 			dp->mp_flags &= ~P_DIRTY;
   3416 			pos = pgno * psize;
   3417 			size = psize;
   3418 			if (IS_OVERFLOW(dp)) size *= dp->mp_pages;
   3419 		}
   3420 #ifdef _WIN32
   3421 		else break;
   3422 
   3423 		/* Windows actually supports scatter/gather I/O, but only on
   3424 		 * unbuffered file handles. Since we're relying on the OS page
   3425 		 * cache for all our data, that's self-defeating. So we just
   3426 		 * write pages one at a time. We use the ov structure to set
   3427 		 * the write offset, to at least save the overhead of a Seek
   3428 		 * system call.
   3429 		 */
   3430 		DPRINTF(("committing page %"Z"u", pgno));
   3431 		memset(&ov, 0, sizeof(ov));
   3432 		ov.Offset = pos & 0xffffffff;
   3433 		ov.OffsetHigh = pos >> 16 >> 16;
   3434 		if (!WriteFile(env->me_fd, dp, size, NULL, &ov)) {
   3435 			rc = ErrCode();
   3436 			DPRINTF(("WriteFile: %d", rc));
   3437 			return rc;
   3438 		}
   3439 #else
   3440 		/* Write up to MDB_COMMIT_PAGES dirty pages at a time. */
   3441 		if (pos!=next_pos || n==MDB_COMMIT_PAGES || wsize+size>MAX_WRITE) {
   3442 			if (n) {
   3443 retry_write:
   3444 				/* Write previous page(s) */
   3445 #ifdef MDB_USE_PWRITEV
   3446 				wres = pwritev(env->me_fd, iov, n, wpos);
   3447 #else
   3448 				if (n == 1) {
   3449 					wres = pwrite(env->me_fd, iov[0].iov_base, wsize, wpos);
   3450 				} else {
   3451 retry_seek:
   3452 					if (lseek(env->me_fd, wpos, SEEK_SET) == -1) {
   3453 						rc = ErrCode();
   3454 						if (rc == EINTR)
   3455 							goto retry_seek;
   3456 						DPRINTF(("lseek: %s", strerror(rc)));
   3457 						return rc;
   3458 					}
   3459 					wres = writev(env->me_fd, iov, n);
   3460 				}
   3461 #endif
   3462 				if (wres != wsize) {
   3463 					if (wres < 0) {
   3464 						rc = ErrCode();
   3465 						if (rc == EINTR)
   3466 							goto retry_write;
   3467 						DPRINTF(("Write error: %s", strerror(rc)));
   3468 					} else {
   3469 						rc = EIO; /* TODO: Use which error code? */
   3470 						DPUTS("short write, filesystem full?");
   3471 					}
   3472 					return rc;
   3473 				}
   3474 				n = 0;
   3475 			}
   3476 			if (i > pagecount)
   3477 				break;
   3478 			wpos = pos;
   3479 			wsize = 0;
   3480 		}
   3481 		DPRINTF(("committing page %"Z"u", pgno));
   3482 		next_pos = pos + size;
   3483 		iov[n].iov_len = size;
   3484 		iov[n].iov_base = (char *)dp;
   3485 		wsize += size;
   3486 		n++;
   3487 #endif	/* _WIN32 */
   3488 	}
   3489 
   3490 	/* MIPS has cache coherency issues, this is a no-op everywhere else
   3491 	 * Note: for any size >= on-chip cache size, entire on-chip cache is
   3492 	 * flushed.
   3493 	 */
   3494 	CACHEFLUSH(env->me_map, txn->mt_next_pgno * env->me_psize, DCACHE);
   3495 
   3496 	for (i = keep; ++i <= pagecount; ) {
   3497 		dp = dl[i].mptr;
   3498 		/* This is a page we skipped above */
   3499 		if (!dl[i].mid) {
   3500 			dl[++j] = dl[i];
   3501 			dl[j].mid = dp->mp_pgno;
   3502 			continue;
   3503 		}
   3504 		mdb_dpage_free(env, dp);
   3505 	}
   3506 
   3507 done:
   3508 	i--;
   3509 	txn->mt_dirty_room += i - j;
   3510 	dl[0].mid = j;
   3511 	return MDB_SUCCESS;
   3512 }
   3513 
   3514 static int
   3515 _mdb_txn_commit(MDB_txn *txn)
   3516 {
   3517 	int		rc;
   3518 	unsigned int i, end_mode;
   3519 	MDB_env	*env;
   3520 
   3521 	if (txn == NULL)
   3522 		return EINVAL;
   3523 
   3524 	/* mdb_txn_end() mode for a commit which writes nothing */
   3525 	end_mode = MDB_END_EMPTY_COMMIT|MDB_END_UPDATE|MDB_END_SLOT|MDB_END_FREE;
   3526 
   3527 	if (txn->mt_child) {
   3528 		rc = _mdb_txn_commit(txn->mt_child);
   3529 		if (rc)
   3530 			goto fail;
   3531 	}
   3532 
   3533 	env = txn->mt_env;
   3534 
   3535 	if (F_ISSET(txn->mt_flags, MDB_TXN_RDONLY)) {
   3536 		goto done;
   3537 	}
   3538 
   3539 	if (txn->mt_flags & (MDB_TXN_FINISHED|MDB_TXN_ERROR)) {
   3540 		DPUTS("txn has failed/finished, can't commit");
   3541 		if (txn->mt_parent)
   3542 			txn->mt_parent->mt_flags |= MDB_TXN_ERROR;
   3543 		rc = MDB_BAD_TXN;
   3544 		goto fail;
   3545 	}
   3546 
   3547 	if (txn->mt_parent) {
   3548 		MDB_txn *parent = txn->mt_parent;
   3549 		MDB_page **lp;
   3550 		MDB_ID2L dst, src;
   3551 		MDB_IDL pspill;
   3552 		unsigned x, y, len, ps_len;
   3553 
   3554 		/* Append our free list to parent's */
   3555 		rc = mdb_midl_append_list(&parent->mt_free_pgs, txn->mt_free_pgs);
   3556 		if (rc)
   3557 			goto fail;
   3558 		mdb_midl_free(txn->mt_free_pgs);
   3559 		/* Failures after this must either undo the changes
   3560 		 * to the parent or set MDB_TXN_ERROR in the parent.
   3561 		 */
   3562 
   3563 		parent->mt_next_pgno = txn->mt_next_pgno;
   3564 		parent->mt_flags = txn->mt_flags;
   3565 
   3566 		/* Merge our cursors into parent's and close them */
   3567 		mdb_cursors_close(txn, 1);
   3568 
   3569 		/* Update parent's DB table. */
   3570 		memcpy(parent->mt_dbs, txn->mt_dbs, txn->mt_numdbs * sizeof(MDB_db));
   3571 		parent->mt_numdbs = txn->mt_numdbs;
   3572 		parent->mt_dbflags[FREE_DBI] = txn->mt_dbflags[FREE_DBI];
   3573 		parent->mt_dbflags[MAIN_DBI] = txn->mt_dbflags[MAIN_DBI];
   3574 		for (i=CORE_DBS; i<txn->mt_numdbs; i++) {
   3575 			/* preserve parent's DB_NEW status */
   3576 			x = parent->mt_dbflags[i] & DB_NEW;
   3577 			parent->mt_dbflags[i] = txn->mt_dbflags[i] | x;
   3578 		}
   3579 
   3580 		dst = parent->mt_u.dirty_list;
   3581 		src = txn->mt_u.dirty_list;
   3582 		/* Remove anything in our dirty list from parent's spill list */
   3583 		if ((pspill = parent->mt_spill_pgs) && (ps_len = pspill[0])) {
   3584 			x = y = ps_len;
   3585 			pspill[0] = (pgno_t)-1;
   3586 			/* Mark our dirty pages as deleted in parent spill list */
   3587 			for (i=0, len=src[0].mid; ++i <= len; ) {
   3588 				MDB_ID pn = src[i].mid << 1;
   3589 				while (pn > pspill[x])
   3590 					x--;
   3591 				if (pn == pspill[x]) {
   3592 					pspill[x] = 1;
   3593 					y = --x;
   3594 				}
   3595 			}
   3596 			/* Squash deleted pagenums if we deleted any */
   3597 			for (x=y; ++x <= ps_len; )
   3598 				if (!(pspill[x] & 1))
   3599 					pspill[++y] = pspill[x];
   3600 			pspill[0] = y;
   3601 		}
   3602 
   3603 		/* Remove anything in our spill list from parent's dirty list */
   3604 		if (txn->mt_spill_pgs && txn->mt_spill_pgs[0]) {
   3605 			for (i=1; i<=txn->mt_spill_pgs[0]; i++) {
   3606 				MDB_ID pn = txn->mt_spill_pgs[i];
   3607 				if (pn & 1)
   3608 					continue;	/* deleted spillpg */
   3609 				pn >>= 1;
   3610 				y = mdb_mid2l_search(dst, pn);
   3611 				if (y <= dst[0].mid && dst[y].mid == pn) {
   3612 					free(dst[y].mptr);
   3613 					while (y < dst[0].mid) {
   3614 						dst[y] = dst[y+1];
   3615 						y++;
   3616 					}
   3617 					dst[0].mid--;
   3618 				}
   3619 			}
   3620 		}
   3621 
   3622 		/* Find len = length of merging our dirty list with parent's */
   3623 		x = dst[0].mid;
   3624 		dst[0].mid = 0;		/* simplify loops */
   3625 		if (parent->mt_parent) {
   3626 			len = x + src[0].mid;
   3627 			y = mdb_mid2l_search(src, dst[x].mid + 1) - 1;
   3628 			for (i = x; y && i; y--) {
   3629 				pgno_t yp = src[y].mid;
   3630 				while (yp < dst[i].mid)
   3631 					i--;
   3632 				if (yp == dst[i].mid) {
   3633 					i--;
   3634 					len--;
   3635 				}
   3636 			}
   3637 		} else { /* Simplify the above for single-ancestor case */
   3638 			len = MDB_IDL_UM_MAX - txn->mt_dirty_room;
   3639 		}
   3640 		/* Merge our dirty list with parent's */
   3641 		y = src[0].mid;
   3642 		for (i = len; y; dst[i--] = src[y--]) {
   3643 			pgno_t yp = src[y].mid;
   3644 			while (yp < dst[x].mid)
   3645 				dst[i--] = dst[x--];
   3646 			if (yp == dst[x].mid)
   3647 				free(dst[x--].mptr);
   3648 		}
   3649 		mdb_tassert(txn, i == x);
   3650 		dst[0].mid = len;
   3651 		free(txn->mt_u.dirty_list);
   3652 		parent->mt_dirty_room = txn->mt_dirty_room;
   3653 		if (txn->mt_spill_pgs) {
   3654 			if (parent->mt_spill_pgs) {
   3655 				/* TODO: Prevent failure here, so parent does not fail */
   3656 				rc = mdb_midl_append_list(&parent->mt_spill_pgs, txn->mt_spill_pgs);
   3657 				if (rc)
   3658 					parent->mt_flags |= MDB_TXN_ERROR;
   3659 				mdb_midl_free(txn->mt_spill_pgs);
   3660 				mdb_midl_sort(parent->mt_spill_pgs);
   3661 			} else {
   3662 				parent->mt_spill_pgs = txn->mt_spill_pgs;
   3663 			}
   3664 		}
   3665 
   3666 		/* Append our loose page list to parent's */
   3667 		for (lp = &parent->mt_loose_pgs; *lp; lp = &NEXT_LOOSE_PAGE(*lp))
   3668 			;
   3669 		*lp = txn->mt_loose_pgs;
   3670 		parent->mt_loose_count += txn->mt_loose_count;
   3671 
   3672 		parent->mt_child = NULL;
   3673 		mdb_midl_free(((MDB_ntxn *)txn)->mnt_pgstate.mf_pghead);
   3674 		free(txn);
   3675 		return rc;
   3676 	}
   3677 
   3678 	if (txn != env->me_txn) {
   3679 		DPUTS("attempt to commit unknown transaction");
   3680 		rc = EINVAL;
   3681 		goto fail;
   3682 	}
   3683 
   3684 	mdb_cursors_close(txn, 0);
   3685 
   3686 	if (!txn->mt_u.dirty_list[0].mid &&
   3687 		!(txn->mt_flags & (MDB_TXN_DIRTY|MDB_TXN_SPILLS)))
   3688 		goto done;
   3689 
   3690 	DPRINTF(("committing txn %"Z"u %p on mdbenv %p, root page %"Z"u",
   3691 	    txn->mt_txnid, (void*)txn, (void*)env, txn->mt_dbs[MAIN_DBI].md_root));
   3692 
   3693 	/* Update DB root pointers */
   3694 	if (txn->mt_numdbs > CORE_DBS) {
   3695 		MDB_cursor mc;
   3696 		MDB_dbi i;
   3697 		MDB_val data;
   3698 		data.mv_size = sizeof(MDB_db);
   3699 
   3700 		mdb_cursor_init(&mc, txn, MAIN_DBI, NULL);
   3701 		for (i = CORE_DBS; i < txn->mt_numdbs; i++) {
   3702 			if (txn->mt_dbflags[i] & DB_DIRTY) {
   3703 				if (TXN_DBI_CHANGED(txn, i)) {
   3704 					rc = MDB_BAD_DBI;
   3705 					goto fail;
   3706 				}
   3707 				data.mv_data = &txn->mt_dbs[i];
   3708 				rc = _mdb_cursor_put(&mc, &txn->mt_dbxs[i].md_name, &data,
   3709 					F_SUBDATA);
   3710 				if (rc)
   3711 					goto fail;
   3712 			}
   3713 		}
   3714 	}
   3715 
   3716 	rc = mdb_freelist_save(txn);
   3717 	if (rc)
   3718 		goto fail;
   3719 
   3720 	mdb_midl_free(env->me_pghead);
   3721 	env->me_pghead = NULL;
   3722 	mdb_midl_shrink(&txn->mt_free_pgs);
   3723 
   3724 #if (MDB_DEBUG) > 2
   3725 	mdb_audit(txn);
   3726 #endif
   3727 
   3728 	if ((rc = mdb_page_flush(txn, 0)) ||
   3729 		(rc = mdb_env_sync(env, 0)) ||
   3730 		(rc = mdb_env_write_meta(txn)))
   3731 		goto fail;
   3732 	end_mode = MDB_END_COMMITTED|MDB_END_UPDATE;
   3733 
   3734 done:
   3735 	mdb_txn_end(txn, end_mode);
   3736 	return MDB_SUCCESS;
   3737 
   3738 fail:
   3739 	_mdb_txn_abort(txn);
   3740 	return rc;
   3741 }
   3742 
   3743 int
   3744 mdb_txn_commit(MDB_txn *txn)
   3745 {
   3746 	MDB_TRACE(("%p", txn));
   3747 	return _mdb_txn_commit(txn);
   3748 }
   3749 
   3750 /** Read the environment parameters of a DB environment before
   3751  * mapping it into memory.
   3752  * @param[in] env the environment handle
   3753  * @param[out] meta address of where to store the meta information
   3754  * @return 0 on success, non-zero on failure.
   3755  */
   3756 static int ESECT
   3757 mdb_env_read_header(MDB_env *env, MDB_meta *meta)
   3758 {
   3759 	MDB_metabuf	pbuf;
   3760 	MDB_page	*p;
   3761 	MDB_meta	*m;
   3762 	int			i, rc, off;
   3763 	enum { Size = sizeof(pbuf) };
   3764 
   3765 	/* We don't know the page size yet, so use a minimum value.
   3766 	 * Read both meta pages so we can use the latest one.
   3767 	 */
   3768 
   3769 	for (i=off=0; i<NUM_METAS; i++, off += meta->mm_psize) {
   3770 #ifdef _WIN32
   3771 		DWORD len;
   3772 		OVERLAPPED ov;
   3773 		memset(&ov, 0, sizeof(ov));
   3774 		ov.Offset = off;
   3775 		rc = ReadFile(env->me_fd, &pbuf, Size, &len, &ov) ? (int)len : -1;
   3776 		if (rc == -1 && ErrCode() == ERROR_HANDLE_EOF)
   3777 			rc = 0;
   3778 #else
   3779 		rc = pread(env->me_fd, &pbuf, Size, off);
   3780 #endif
   3781 		if (rc != Size) {
   3782 			if (rc == 0 && off == 0)
   3783 				return ENOENT;
   3784 			rc = rc < 0 ? (int) ErrCode() : MDB_INVALID;
   3785 			DPRINTF(("read: %s", mdb_strerror(rc)));
   3786 			return rc;
   3787 		}
   3788 
   3789 		p = (MDB_page *)&pbuf;
   3790 
   3791 		if (!F_ISSET(p->mp_flags, P_META)) {
   3792 			DPRINTF(("page %"Z"u not a meta page", p->mp_pgno));
   3793 			return MDB_INVALID;
   3794 		}
   3795 
   3796 		m = METADATA(p);
   3797 		if (m->mm_magic != MDB_MAGIC) {
   3798 			DPUTS("meta has invalid magic");
   3799 			return MDB_INVALID;
   3800 		}
   3801 
   3802 		if (m->mm_version != MDB_DATA_VERSION) {
   3803 			DPRINTF(("database is version %u, expected version %u",
   3804 				m->mm_version, MDB_DATA_VERSION));
   3805 			return MDB_VERSION_MISMATCH;
   3806 		}
   3807 
   3808 		if (off == 0 || m->mm_txnid > meta->mm_txnid)
   3809 			*meta = *m;
   3810 	}
   3811 	return 0;
   3812 }
   3813 
   3814 /** Fill in most of the zeroed #MDB_meta for an empty database environment */
   3815 static void ESECT
   3816 mdb_env_init_meta0(MDB_env *env, MDB_meta *meta)
   3817 {
   3818 	meta->mm_magic = MDB_MAGIC;
   3819 	meta->mm_version = MDB_DATA_VERSION;
   3820 	meta->mm_mapsize = env->me_mapsize;
   3821 	meta->mm_psize = env->me_psize;
   3822 	meta->mm_last_pg = NUM_METAS-1;
   3823 	meta->mm_flags = env->me_flags & 0xffff;
   3824 	meta->mm_flags |= MDB_INTEGERKEY; /* this is mm_dbs[FREE_DBI].md_flags */
   3825 	meta->mm_dbs[FREE_DBI].md_root = P_INVALID;
   3826 	meta->mm_dbs[MAIN_DBI].md_root = P_INVALID;
   3827 }
   3828 
   3829 /** Write the environment parameters of a freshly created DB environment.
   3830  * @param[in] env the environment handle
   3831  * @param[in] meta the #MDB_meta to write
   3832  * @return 0 on success, non-zero on failure.
   3833  */
   3834 static int ESECT
   3835 mdb_env_init_meta(MDB_env *env, MDB_meta *meta)
   3836 {
   3837 	MDB_page *p, *q;
   3838 	int rc;
   3839 	unsigned int	 psize;
   3840 #ifdef _WIN32
   3841 	DWORD len;
   3842 	OVERLAPPED ov;
   3843 	memset(&ov, 0, sizeof(ov));
   3844 #define DO_PWRITE(rc, fd, ptr, size, len, pos)	do { \
   3845 	ov.Offset = pos;	\
   3846 	rc = WriteFile(fd, ptr, size, &len, &ov);	} while(0)
   3847 #else
   3848 	int len;
   3849 #define DO_PWRITE(rc, fd, ptr, size, len, pos)	do { \
   3850 	len = pwrite(fd, ptr, size, pos);	\
   3851 	if (len == -1 && ErrCode() == EINTR) continue; \
   3852 	rc = (len >= 0); break; } while(1)
   3853 #endif
   3854 
   3855 	DPUTS("writing new meta page");
   3856 
   3857 	psize = env->me_psize;
   3858 
   3859 	p = calloc(NUM_METAS, psize);
   3860 	if (!p)
   3861 		return ENOMEM;
   3862 
   3863 	p->mp_pgno = 0;
   3864 	p->mp_flags = P_META;
   3865 	*(MDB_meta *)METADATA(p) = *meta;
   3866 
   3867 	q = (MDB_page *)((char *)p + psize);
   3868 	q->mp_pgno = 1;
   3869 	q->mp_flags = P_META;
   3870 	*(MDB_meta *)METADATA(q) = *meta;
   3871 
   3872 	DO_PWRITE(rc, env->me_fd, p, psize * NUM_METAS, len, 0);
   3873 	if (!rc)
   3874 		rc = ErrCode();
   3875 	else if ((unsigned) len == psize * NUM_METAS)
   3876 		rc = MDB_SUCCESS;
   3877 	else
   3878 		rc = ENOSPC;
   3879 	free(p);
   3880 	return rc;
   3881 }
   3882 
   3883 /** Update the environment info to commit a transaction.
   3884  * @param[in] txn the transaction that's being committed
   3885  * @return 0 on success, non-zero on failure.
   3886  */
   3887 static int
   3888 mdb_env_write_meta(MDB_txn *txn)
   3889 {
   3890 	MDB_env *env;
   3891 	MDB_meta	meta, metab, *mp;
   3892 	unsigned flags;
   3893 	size_t mapsize;
   3894 	off_t off;
   3895 	int rc, len, toggle;
   3896 	char *ptr;
   3897 	HANDLE mfd;
   3898 #ifdef _WIN32
   3899 	OVERLAPPED ov;
   3900 #else
   3901 	int r2;
   3902 #endif
   3903 
   3904 	toggle = txn->mt_txnid & 1;
   3905 	DPRINTF(("writing meta page %d for root page %"Z"u",
   3906 		toggle, txn->mt_dbs[MAIN_DBI].md_root));
   3907 
   3908 	env = txn->mt_env;
   3909 	flags = env->me_flags;
   3910 	mp = env->me_metas[toggle];
   3911 	mapsize = env->me_metas[toggle ^ 1]->mm_mapsize;
   3912 	/* Persist any increases of mapsize config */
   3913 	if (mapsize < env->me_mapsize)
   3914 		mapsize = env->me_mapsize;
   3915 
   3916 	if (flags & MDB_WRITEMAP) {
   3917 		mp->mm_mapsize = mapsize;
   3918 		mp->mm_dbs[FREE_DBI] = txn->mt_dbs[FREE_DBI];
   3919 		mp->mm_dbs[MAIN_DBI] = txn->mt_dbs[MAIN_DBI];
   3920 		mp->mm_last_pg = txn->mt_next_pgno - 1;
   3921 #if (__GNUC__ * 100 + __GNUC_MINOR__ >= 404) && /* TODO: portability */	\
   3922 	!(defined(__i386__) || defined(__x86_64__))
   3923 		/* LY: issue a memory barrier, if not x86. ITS#7969 */
   3924 		__sync_synchronize();
   3925 #endif
   3926 		mp->mm_txnid = txn->mt_txnid;
   3927 		if (!(flags & (MDB_NOMETASYNC|MDB_NOSYNC))) {
   3928 			unsigned meta_size = env->me_psize;
   3929 			rc = (env->me_flags & MDB_MAPASYNC) ? MS_ASYNC : MS_SYNC;
   3930 			ptr = (char *)mp - PAGEHDRSZ;
   3931 #ifndef _WIN32	/* POSIX msync() requires ptr = start of OS page */
   3932 			r2 = (ptr - env->me_map) & (env->me_os_psize - 1);
   3933 			ptr -= r2;
   3934 			meta_size += r2;
   3935 #endif
   3936 			if (MDB_MSYNC(ptr, meta_size, rc)) {
   3937 				rc = ErrCode();
   3938 				goto fail;
   3939 			}
   3940 		}
   3941 		goto done;
   3942 	}
   3943 	metab.mm_txnid = mp->mm_txnid;
   3944 	metab.mm_last_pg = mp->mm_last_pg;
   3945 
   3946 	meta.mm_mapsize = mapsize;
   3947 	meta.mm_dbs[FREE_DBI] = txn->mt_dbs[FREE_DBI];
   3948 	meta.mm_dbs[MAIN_DBI] = txn->mt_dbs[MAIN_DBI];
   3949 	meta.mm_last_pg = txn->mt_next_pgno - 1;
   3950 	meta.mm_txnid = txn->mt_txnid;
   3951 
   3952 	off = offsetof(MDB_meta, mm_mapsize);
   3953 	ptr = (char *)&meta + off;
   3954 	len = sizeof(MDB_meta) - off;
   3955 	off += (char *)mp - env->me_map;
   3956 
   3957 	/* Write to the SYNC fd unless MDB_NOSYNC/MDB_NOMETASYNC.
   3958 	 * (me_mfd goes to the same file as me_fd, but writing to it
   3959 	 * also syncs to disk.  Avoids a separate fdatasync() call.)
   3960 	 */
   3961 	mfd = (flags & (MDB_NOSYNC|MDB_NOMETASYNC)) ? env->me_fd : env->me_mfd;
   3962 #ifdef _WIN32
   3963 	{
   3964 		memset(&ov, 0, sizeof(ov));
   3965 		ov.Offset = off;
   3966 		if (!WriteFile(mfd, ptr, len, (DWORD *)&rc, &ov))
   3967 			rc = -1;
   3968 	}
   3969 #else
   3970 retry_write:
   3971 	rc = pwrite(mfd, ptr, len, off);
   3972 #endif
   3973 	if (rc != len) {
   3974 		rc = rc < 0 ? ErrCode() : EIO;
   3975 #ifndef _WIN32
   3976 		if (rc == EINTR)
   3977 			goto retry_write;
   3978 #endif
   3979 		DPUTS("write failed, disk error?");
   3980 		/* On a failure, the pagecache still contains the new data.
   3981 		 * Write some old data back, to prevent it from being used.
   3982 		 * Use the non-SYNC fd; we know it will fail anyway.
   3983 		 */
   3984 		meta.mm_last_pg = metab.mm_last_pg;
   3985 		meta.mm_txnid = metab.mm_txnid;
   3986 #ifdef _WIN32
   3987 		memset(&ov, 0, sizeof(ov));
   3988 		ov.Offset = off;
   3989 		WriteFile(env->me_fd, ptr, len, NULL, &ov);
   3990 #else
   3991 		r2 = pwrite(env->me_fd, ptr, len, off);
   3992 		(void)r2;	/* Silence warnings. We don't care about pwrite's return value */
   3993 #endif
   3994 fail:
   3995 		env->me_flags |= MDB_FATAL_ERROR;
   3996 		return rc;
   3997 	}
   3998 	/* MIPS has cache coherency issues, this is a no-op everywhere else */
   3999 	CACHEFLUSH(env->me_map + off, len, DCACHE);
   4000 done:
   4001 	/* Memory ordering issues are irrelevant; since the entire writer
   4002 	 * is wrapped by wmutex, all of these changes will become visible
   4003 	 * after the wmutex is unlocked. Since the DB is multi-version,
   4004 	 * readers will get consistent data regardless of how fresh or
   4005 	 * how stale their view of these values is.
   4006 	 */
   4007 	if (env->me_txns)
   4008 		env->me_txns->mti_txnid = txn->mt_txnid;
   4009 
   4010 	return MDB_SUCCESS;
   4011 }
   4012 
   4013 /** Check both meta pages to see which one is newer.
   4014  * @param[in] env the environment handle
   4015  * @return newest #MDB_meta.
   4016  */
   4017 static MDB_meta *
   4018 mdb_env_pick_meta(const MDB_env *env)
   4019 {
   4020 	MDB_meta *const *metas = env->me_metas;
   4021 	return metas[ metas[0]->mm_txnid < metas[1]->mm_txnid ];
   4022 }
   4023 
   4024 int ESECT
   4025 mdb_env_create(MDB_env **env)
   4026 {
   4027 	MDB_env *e;
   4028 
   4029 	e = calloc(1, sizeof(MDB_env));
   4030 	if (!e)
   4031 		return ENOMEM;
   4032 
   4033 	e->me_maxreaders = DEFAULT_READERS;
   4034 	e->me_maxdbs = e->me_numdbs = CORE_DBS;
   4035 	e->me_fd = INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE;
   4036 	e->me_lfd = INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE;
   4037 	e->me_mfd = INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE;
   4038 #ifdef MDB_USE_POSIX_SEM
   4039 	e->me_rmutex = SEM_FAILED;
   4040 	e->me_wmutex = SEM_FAILED;
   4041 #endif
   4042 	e->me_pid = getpid();
   4043 	GET_PAGESIZE(e->me_os_psize);
   4044 	VGMEMP_CREATE(e,0,0);
   4045 	*env = e;
   4046 	MDB_TRACE(("%p", e));
   4047 	return MDB_SUCCESS;
   4048 }
   4049 
   4050 static int ESECT
   4051 mdb_env_map(MDB_env *env, void *addr)
   4052 {
   4053 	MDB_page *p;
   4054 	unsigned int flags = env->me_flags;
   4055 #ifdef _WIN32
   4056 	int rc;
   4057 	HANDLE mh;
   4058 	LONG sizelo, sizehi;
   4059 	size_t msize;
   4060 
   4061 	if (flags & MDB_RDONLY) {
   4062 		/* Don't set explicit map size, use whatever exists */
   4063 		msize = 0;
   4064 		sizelo = 0;
   4065 		sizehi = 0;
   4066 	} else {
   4067 		msize = env->me_mapsize;
   4068 		sizelo = msize & 0xffffffff;
   4069 		sizehi = msize >> 16 >> 16; /* only needed on Win64 */
   4070 
   4071 		/* Windows won't create mappings for zero length files.
   4072 		 * and won't map more than the file size.
   4073 		 * Just set the maxsize right now.
   4074 		 */
   4075 		if (!(flags & MDB_WRITEMAP) && (SetFilePointer(env->me_fd, sizelo, &sizehi, 0) != (DWORD)sizelo
   4076 			|| !SetEndOfFile(env->me_fd)
   4077 			|| SetFilePointer(env->me_fd, 0, NULL, 0) != 0))
   4078 			return ErrCode();
   4079 	}
   4080 
   4081 	mh = CreateFileMapping(env->me_fd, NULL, flags & MDB_WRITEMAP ?
   4082 		PAGE_READWRITE : PAGE_READONLY,
   4083 		sizehi, sizelo, NULL);
   4084 	if (!mh)
   4085 		return ErrCode();
   4086 	env->me_map = MapViewOfFileEx(mh, flags & MDB_WRITEMAP ?
   4087 		FILE_MAP_WRITE : FILE_MAP_READ,
   4088 		0, 0, msize, addr);
   4089 	rc = env->me_map ? 0 : ErrCode();
   4090 	CloseHandle(mh);
   4091 	if (rc)
   4092 		return rc;
   4093 #else
   4094 	int mmap_flags = MAP_SHARED;
   4095 	int prot = PROT_READ;
   4096 #ifdef MAP_NOSYNC	/* Used on FreeBSD */
   4097 	if (flags & MDB_NOSYNC)
   4098 		mmap_flags |= MAP_NOSYNC;
   4099 #endif
   4100 	if (flags & MDB_WRITEMAP) {
   4101 		prot |= PROT_WRITE;
   4102 		if (ftruncate(env->me_fd, env->me_mapsize) < 0)
   4103 			return ErrCode();
   4104 	}
   4105 	env->me_map = mmap(addr, env->me_mapsize, prot, mmap_flags,
   4106 		env->me_fd, 0);
   4107 	if (env->me_map == MAP_FAILED) {
   4108 		env->me_map = NULL;
   4109 		return ErrCode();
   4110 	}
   4111 
   4112 	if (flags & MDB_NORDAHEAD) {
   4113 		/* Turn off readahead. It's harmful when the DB is larger than RAM. */
   4114 #ifdef MADV_RANDOM
   4115 		madvise(env->me_map, env->me_mapsize, MADV_RANDOM);
   4116 #else
   4117 #ifdef POSIX_MADV_RANDOM
   4118 		posix_madvise(env->me_map, env->me_mapsize, POSIX_MADV_RANDOM);
   4119 #endif /* POSIX_MADV_RANDOM */
   4120 #endif /* MADV_RANDOM */
   4121 	}
   4122 #endif /* _WIN32 */
   4123 
   4124 	/* Can happen because the address argument to mmap() is just a
   4125 	 * hint.  mmap() can pick another, e.g. if the range is in use.
   4126 	 * The MAP_FIXED flag would prevent that, but then mmap could
   4127 	 * instead unmap existing pages to make room for the new map.
   4128 	 */
   4129 	if (addr && env->me_map != addr)
   4130 		return EBUSY;	/* TODO: Make a new MDB_* error code? */
   4131 
   4132 	p = (MDB_page *)env->me_map;
   4133 	env->me_metas[0] = METADATA(p);
   4134 	env->me_metas[1] = (MDB_meta *)((char *)env->me_metas[0] + env->me_psize);
   4135 
   4136 	return MDB_SUCCESS;
   4137 }
   4138 
   4139 int ESECT
   4140 mdb_env_set_mapsize(MDB_env *env, size_t size)
   4141 {
   4142 	/* If env is already open, caller is responsible for making
   4143 	 * sure there are no active txns.
   4144 	 */
   4145 	if (env->me_map) {
   4146 		int rc;
   4147 		MDB_meta *meta;
   4148 		void *old;
   4149 		if (env->me_txn)
   4150 			return EINVAL;
   4151 		meta = mdb_env_pick_meta(env);
   4152 		if (!size)
   4153 			size = meta->mm_mapsize;
   4154 		{
   4155 			/* Silently round up to minimum if the size is too small */
   4156 			size_t minsize = (meta->mm_last_pg + 1) * env->me_psize;
   4157 			if (size < minsize)
   4158 				size = minsize;
   4159 		}
   4160 		munmap(env->me_map, env->me_mapsize);
   4161 		env->me_mapsize = size;
   4162 		old = (env->me_flags & MDB_FIXEDMAP) ? env->me_map : NULL;
   4163 		rc = mdb_env_map(env, old);
   4164 		if (rc)
   4165 			return rc;
   4166 	}
   4167 	env->me_mapsize = size;
   4168 	if (env->me_psize)
   4169 		env->me_maxpg = env->me_mapsize / env->me_psize;
   4170 	MDB_TRACE(("%p, %"Yu"", env, size));
   4171 	return MDB_SUCCESS;
   4172 }
   4173 
   4174 int ESECT
   4175 mdb_env_set_maxdbs(MDB_env *env, MDB_dbi dbs)
   4176 {
   4177 	if (env->me_map)
   4178 		return EINVAL;
   4179 	env->me_maxdbs = dbs + CORE_DBS;
   4180 	MDB_TRACE(("%p, %u", env, dbs));
   4181 	return MDB_SUCCESS;
   4182 }
   4183 
   4184 int ESECT
   4185 mdb_env_set_maxreaders(MDB_env *env, unsigned int readers)
   4186 {
   4187 	if (env->me_map || readers < 1)
   4188 		return EINVAL;
   4189 	env->me_maxreaders = readers;
   4190 	MDB_TRACE(("%p, %u", env, readers));
   4191 	return MDB_SUCCESS;
   4192 }
   4193 
   4194 int ESECT
   4195 mdb_env_get_maxreaders(MDB_env *env, unsigned int *readers)
   4196 {
   4197 	if (!env || !readers)
   4198 		return EINVAL;
   4199 	*readers = env->me_maxreaders;
   4200 	return MDB_SUCCESS;
   4201 }
   4202 
   4203 static int ESECT
   4204 mdb_fsize(HANDLE fd, size_t *size)
   4205 {
   4206 #ifdef _WIN32
   4207 	LARGE_INTEGER fsize;
   4208 
   4209 	if (!GetFileSizeEx(fd, &fsize))
   4210 		return ErrCode();
   4211 
   4212 	*size = fsize.QuadPart;
   4213 #else
   4214 	struct stat st;
   4215 
   4216 	if (fstat(fd, &st))
   4217 		return ErrCode();
   4218 
   4219 	*size = st.st_size;
   4220 #endif
   4221 	return MDB_SUCCESS;
   4222 }
   4223 
   4224 
   4225 #ifdef _WIN32
   4226 typedef wchar_t	mdb_nchar_t;
   4227 # define MDB_NAME(str)	L##str
   4228 # define mdb_name_cpy	wcscpy
   4229 #else
   4230 /** Character type for file names: char on Unix, wchar_t on Windows */
   4231 typedef char	mdb_nchar_t;
   4232 # define MDB_NAME(str)	str		/**< #mdb_nchar_t[] string literal */
   4233 # define mdb_name_cpy	strcpy	/**< Copy name (#mdb_nchar_t string) */
   4234 #endif
   4235 
   4236 /** Filename - string of #mdb_nchar_t[] */
   4237 typedef struct MDB_name {
   4238 	int mn_len;					/**< Length  */
   4239 	int mn_alloced;				/**< True if #mn_val was malloced */
   4240 	mdb_nchar_t	*mn_val;		/**< Contents */
   4241 } MDB_name;
   4242 
   4243 /** Filename suffixes [datafile,lockfile][without,with MDB_NOSUBDIR] */
   4244 static const mdb_nchar_t *const mdb_suffixes[2][2] = {
   4245 	{ MDB_NAME("/data.mdb"), MDB_NAME("")      },
   4246 	{ MDB_NAME("/lock.mdb"), MDB_NAME("-lock") }
   4247 };
   4248 
   4249 #define MDB_SUFFLEN 9	/**< Max string length in #mdb_suffixes[] */
   4250 
   4251 /** Set up filename + scratch area for filename suffix, for opening files.
   4252  * It should be freed with #mdb_fname_destroy().
   4253  * On Windows, paths are converted from char *UTF-8 to wchar_t *UTF-16.
   4254  *
   4255  * @param[in] path Pathname for #mdb_env_open().
   4256  * @param[in] envflags Whether a subdir and/or lockfile will be used.
   4257  * @param[out] fname Resulting filename, with room for a suffix if necessary.
   4258  */
   4259 static int ESECT
   4260 mdb_fname_init(const char *path, unsigned envflags, MDB_name *fname)
   4261 {
   4262 	int no_suffix = F_ISSET(envflags, MDB_NOSUBDIR|MDB_NOLOCK);
   4263 	fname->mn_alloced = 0;
   4264 #ifdef _WIN32
   4265 	return utf8_to_utf16(path, fname, no_suffix ? 0 : MDB_SUFFLEN);
   4266 #else
   4267 	fname->mn_len = strlen(path);
   4268 	if (no_suffix)
   4269 		fname->mn_val = (char *) path;
   4270 	else if ((fname->mn_val = malloc(fname->mn_len + MDB_SUFFLEN+1)) != NULL) {
   4271 		fname->mn_alloced = 1;
   4272 		strcpy(fname->mn_val, path);
   4273 	}
   4274 	else
   4275 		return ENOMEM;
   4276 	return MDB_SUCCESS;
   4277 #endif
   4278 }
   4279 
   4280 /** Destroy \b fname from #mdb_fname_init() */
   4281 #define mdb_fname_destroy(fname) \
   4282 	do { if ((fname).mn_alloced) free((fname).mn_val); } while (0)
   4283 
   4284 #ifdef O_CLOEXEC /* POSIX.1-2008: Set FD_CLOEXEC atomically at open() */
   4285 # define MDB_CLOEXEC		O_CLOEXEC
   4286 #else
   4287 # define MDB_CLOEXEC		0
   4288 #endif
   4289 
   4290 /** File type, access mode etc. for #mdb_fopen() */
   4291 enum mdb_fopen_type {
   4292 #ifdef _WIN32
   4293 	MDB_O_RDONLY, MDB_O_RDWR, MDB_O_META, MDB_O_COPY, MDB_O_LOCKS
   4294 #else
   4295 	/* A comment in mdb_fopen() explains some O_* flag choices. */
   4296 	MDB_O_RDONLY= O_RDONLY,                            /**< for RDONLY me_fd */
   4297 	MDB_O_RDWR  = O_RDWR  |O_CREAT,                    /**< for me_fd */
   4298 	MDB_O_META  = O_WRONLY|MDB_DSYNC     |MDB_CLOEXEC, /**< for me_mfd */
   4299 	MDB_O_COPY  = O_WRONLY|O_CREAT|O_EXCL|MDB_CLOEXEC, /**< for #mdb_env_copy() */
   4300 	/** Bitmask for open() flags in enum #mdb_fopen_type.  The other bits
   4301 	 * distinguish otherwise-equal MDB_O_* constants from each other.
   4302 	 */
   4303 	MDB_O_MASK  = MDB_O_RDWR|MDB_CLOEXEC | MDB_O_RDONLY|MDB_O_META|MDB_O_COPY,
   4304 	MDB_O_LOCKS = MDB_O_RDWR|MDB_CLOEXEC | ((MDB_O_MASK+1) & ~MDB_O_MASK) /**< for me_lfd */
   4305 #endif
   4306 };
   4307 
   4308 /** Open an LMDB file.
   4309  * @param[in] env	The LMDB environment.
   4310  * @param[in,out] fname	Path from from #mdb_fname_init().  A suffix is
   4311  * appended if necessary to create the filename, without changing mn_len.
   4312  * @param[in] which	Determines file type, access mode, etc.
   4313  * @param[in] mode	The Unix permissions for the file, if we create it.
   4314  * @param[out] res	Resulting file handle.
   4315  * @return 0 on success, non-zero on failure.
   4316  */
   4317 static int ESECT
   4318 mdb_fopen(const MDB_env *env, MDB_name *fname,
   4319 	enum mdb_fopen_type which, mdb_mode_t mode,
   4320 	HANDLE *res)
   4321 {
   4322 	int rc = MDB_SUCCESS;
   4323 	HANDLE fd;
   4324 #ifdef _WIN32
   4325 	DWORD acc, share, disp, attrs;
   4326 #else
   4327 	int flags;
   4328 #endif
   4329 
   4330 	if (fname->mn_alloced)		/* modifiable copy */
   4331 		mdb_name_cpy(fname->mn_val + fname->mn_len,
   4332 			mdb_suffixes[which==MDB_O_LOCKS][F_ISSET(env->me_flags, MDB_NOSUBDIR)]);
   4333 
   4334 	/* The directory must already exist.  Usually the file need not.
   4335 	 * MDB_O_META requires the file because we already created it using
   4336 	 * MDB_O_RDWR.  MDB_O_COPY must not overwrite an existing file.
   4337 	 *
   4338 	 * With MDB_O_COPY we do not want the OS to cache the writes, since
   4339 	 * the source data is already in the OS cache.
   4340 	 *
   4341 	 * The lockfile needs FD_CLOEXEC (close file descriptor on exec*())
   4342 	 * to avoid the flock() issues noted under Caveats in lmdb.h.
   4343 	 * Also set it for other filehandles which the user cannot get at
   4344 	 * and close himself, which he may need after fork().  I.e. all but
   4345 	 * me_fd, which programs do use via mdb_env_get_fd().
   4346 	 */
   4347 
   4348 #ifdef _WIN32
   4349 	acc = GENERIC_READ|GENERIC_WRITE;
   4350 	share = FILE_SHARE_READ|FILE_SHARE_WRITE;
   4351 	disp = OPEN_ALWAYS;
   4352 	attrs = FILE_ATTRIBUTE_NORMAL;
   4353 	switch (which) {
   4354 	case MDB_O_RDONLY:			/* read-only datafile */
   4355 		acc = GENERIC_READ;
   4356 		disp = OPEN_EXISTING;
   4357 		break;
   4358 	case MDB_O_META:			/* for writing metapages */
   4359 		acc = GENERIC_WRITE;
   4360 		disp = OPEN_EXISTING;
   4361 		attrs = FILE_ATTRIBUTE_NORMAL|FILE_FLAG_WRITE_THROUGH;
   4362 		break;
   4363 	case MDB_O_COPY:			/* mdb_env_copy() & co */
   4364 		acc = GENERIC_WRITE;
   4365 		share = 0;
   4366 		disp = CREATE_NEW;
   4367 		attrs = FILE_FLAG_NO_BUFFERING|FILE_FLAG_WRITE_THROUGH;
   4368 		break;
   4369 	default: break;	/* silence gcc -Wswitch (not all enum values handled) */
   4370 	}
   4371 	fd = CreateFileW(fname->mn_val, acc, share, NULL, disp, attrs, NULL);
   4372 #else
   4373 	fd = open(fname->mn_val, which & MDB_O_MASK, mode);
   4374 #endif
   4375 
   4376 	if (fd == INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE)
   4377 		rc = ErrCode();
   4378 #ifndef _WIN32
   4379 	else {
   4380 		if (which != MDB_O_RDONLY && which != MDB_O_RDWR) {
   4381 			/* Set CLOEXEC if we could not pass it to open() */
   4382 			if (!MDB_CLOEXEC && (flags = fcntl(fd, F_GETFD)) != -1)
   4383 				(void) fcntl(fd, F_SETFD, flags | FD_CLOEXEC);
   4384 		}
   4385 		if (which == MDB_O_COPY && env->me_psize >= env->me_os_psize) {
   4386 			/* This may require buffer alignment.  There is no portable
   4387 			 * way to ask how much, so we require OS pagesize alignment.
   4388 			 */
   4389 # ifdef F_NOCACHE	/* __APPLE__ */
   4390 			(void) fcntl(fd, F_NOCACHE, 1);
   4391 # elif defined O_DIRECT
   4392 			/* open(...O_DIRECT...) would break on filesystems without
   4393 			 * O_DIRECT support (ITS#7682). Try to set it here instead.
   4394 			 */
   4395 			if ((flags = fcntl(fd, F_GETFL)) != -1)
   4396 				(void) fcntl(fd, F_SETFL, flags | O_DIRECT);
   4397 # endif
   4398 		}
   4399 	}
   4400 #endif	/* !_WIN32 */
   4401 
   4402 	*res = fd;
   4403 	return rc;
   4404 }
   4405 
   4406 
   4407 #ifdef BROKEN_FDATASYNC
   4408 #include <sys/utsname.h>
   4409 #include <sys/vfs.h>
   4410 #endif
   4411 
   4412 /** Further setup required for opening an LMDB environment
   4413  */
   4414 static int ESECT
   4415 mdb_env_open2(MDB_env *env)
   4416 {
   4417 	unsigned int flags = env->me_flags;
   4418 	int i, newenv = 0, rc;
   4419 	MDB_meta meta;
   4420 
   4421 #ifdef _WIN32
   4422 	/* See if we should use QueryLimited */
   4423 	rc = GetVersion();
   4424 	if ((rc & 0xff) > 5)
   4425 		env->me_pidquery = MDB_PROCESS_QUERY_LIMITED_INFORMATION;
   4426 	else
   4427 		env->me_pidquery = PROCESS_QUERY_INFORMATION;
   4428 #endif /* _WIN32 */
   4429 
   4430 #ifdef BROKEN_FDATASYNC
   4431 	/* ext3/ext4 fdatasync is broken on some older Linux kernels.
   4432 	 * https://lkml.org/lkml/2012/9/3/83
   4433 	 * Kernels after 3.6-rc6 are known good.
   4434 	 * https://lkml.org/lkml/2012/9/10/556
   4435 	 * See if the DB is on ext3/ext4, then check for new enough kernel
   4436 	 * Kernels 2.6.32.60, 2.6.34.15, 3.2.30, and 3.5.4 are also known
   4437 	 * to be patched.
   4438 	 */
   4439 	{
   4440 		struct statfs st;
   4441 		fstatfs(env->me_fd, &st);
   4442 		while (st.f_type == 0xEF53) {
   4443 			struct utsname uts;
   4444 			int i;
   4445 			uname(&uts);
   4446 			if (uts.release[0] < '3') {
   4447 				if (!strncmp(uts.release, "2.6.32.", 7)) {
   4448 					i = atoi(uts.release+7);
   4449 					if (i >= 60)
   4450 						break;	/* 2.6.32.60 and newer is OK */
   4451 				} else if (!strncmp(uts.release, "2.6.34.", 7)) {
   4452 					i = atoi(uts.release+7);
   4453 					if (i >= 15)
   4454 						break;	/* 2.6.34.15 and newer is OK */
   4455 				}
   4456 			} else if (uts.release[0] == '3') {
   4457 				i = atoi(uts.release+2);
   4458 				if (i > 5)
   4459 					break;	/* 3.6 and newer is OK */
   4460 				if (i == 5) {
   4461 					i = atoi(uts.release+4);
   4462 					if (i >= 4)
   4463 						break;	/* 3.5.4 and newer is OK */
   4464 				} else if (i == 2) {
   4465 					i = atoi(uts.release+4);
   4466 					if (i >= 30)
   4467 						break;	/* 3.2.30 and newer is OK */
   4468 				}
   4469 			} else {	/* 4.x and newer is OK */
   4470 				break;
   4471 			}
   4472 			env->me_flags |= MDB_FSYNCONLY;
   4473 			break;
   4474 		}
   4475 	}
   4476 #endif
   4477 
   4478 	if ((i = mdb_env_read_header(env, &meta)) != 0) {
   4479 		if (i != ENOENT)
   4480 			return i;
   4481 		DPUTS("new mdbenv");
   4482 		newenv = 1;
   4483 		env->me_psize = env->me_os_psize;
   4484 		if (env->me_psize > MAX_PAGESIZE)
   4485 			env->me_psize = MAX_PAGESIZE;
   4486 		memset(&meta, 0, sizeof(meta));
   4487 		mdb_env_init_meta0(env, &meta);
   4488 		meta.mm_mapsize = DEFAULT_MAPSIZE;
   4489 	} else {
   4490 		env->me_psize = meta.mm_psize;
   4491 	}
   4492 
   4493 	/* Was a mapsize configured? */
   4494 	if (!env->me_mapsize) {
   4495 		env->me_mapsize = meta.mm_mapsize;
   4496 	}
   4497 	{
   4498 		/* Make sure mapsize >= committed data size.  Even when using
   4499 		 * mm_mapsize, which could be broken in old files (ITS#7789).
   4500 		 */
   4501 		size_t minsize = (meta.mm_last_pg + 1) * meta.mm_psize;
   4502 		if (env->me_mapsize < minsize)
   4503 			env->me_mapsize = minsize;
   4504 	}
   4505 	meta.mm_mapsize = env->me_mapsize;
   4506 
   4507 	if (newenv && !(flags & MDB_FIXEDMAP)) {
   4508 		/* mdb_env_map() may grow the datafile.  Write the metapages
   4509 		 * first, so the file will be valid if initialization fails.
   4510 		 * Except with FIXEDMAP, since we do not yet know mm_address.
   4511 		 * We could fill in mm_address later, but then a different
   4512 		 * program might end up doing that - one with a memory layout
   4513 		 * and map address which does not suit the main program.
   4514 		 */
   4515 		rc = mdb_env_init_meta(env, &meta);
   4516 		if (rc)
   4517 			return rc;
   4518 		newenv = 0;
   4519 	}
   4520 
   4521 	rc = mdb_env_map(env, (flags & MDB_FIXEDMAP) ? meta.mm_address : NULL);
   4522 	if (rc)
   4523 		return rc;
   4524 
   4525 	if (newenv) {
   4526 		if (flags & MDB_FIXEDMAP)
   4527 			meta.mm_address = env->me_map;
   4528 		i = mdb_env_init_meta(env, &meta);
   4529 		if (i != MDB_SUCCESS) {
   4530 			return i;
   4531 		}
   4532 	}
   4533 
   4534 	env->me_maxfree_1pg = (env->me_psize - PAGEHDRSZ) / sizeof(pgno_t) - 1;
   4535 	env->me_nodemax = (((env->me_psize - PAGEHDRSZ) / MDB_MINKEYS) & -2)
   4536 		- sizeof(indx_t);
   4537 #if !(MDB_MAXKEYSIZE)
   4538 	env->me_maxkey = env->me_nodemax - (NODESIZE + sizeof(MDB_db));
   4539 #endif
   4540 	env->me_maxpg = env->me_mapsize / env->me_psize;
   4541 
   4542 #if MDB_DEBUG
   4543 	{
   4544 		MDB_meta *meta = mdb_env_pick_meta(env);
   4545 		MDB_db *db = &meta->mm_dbs[MAIN_DBI];
   4546 
   4547 		DPRINTF(("opened database version %u, pagesize %u",
   4548 			meta->mm_version, env->me_psize));
   4549 		DPRINTF(("using meta page %d",    (int) (meta->mm_txnid & 1)));
   4550 		DPRINTF(("depth: %u",             db->md_depth));
   4551 		DPRINTF(("entries: %"Z"u",        db->md_entries));
   4552 		DPRINTF(("branch pages: %"Z"u",   db->md_branch_pages));
   4553 		DPRINTF(("leaf pages: %"Z"u",     db->md_leaf_pages));
   4554 		DPRINTF(("overflow pages: %"Z"u", db->md_overflow_pages));
   4555 		DPRINTF(("root: %"Z"u",           db->md_root));
   4556 	}
   4557 #endif
   4558 
   4559 	return MDB_SUCCESS;
   4560 }
   4561 
   4562 
   4563 /** Release a reader thread's slot in the reader lock table.
   4564  *	This function is called automatically when a thread exits.
   4565  * @param[in] ptr This points to the slot in the reader lock table.
   4566  */
   4567 static void
   4568 mdb_env_reader_dest(void *ptr)
   4569 {
   4570 	MDB_reader *reader = ptr;
   4571 
   4572 #ifndef _WIN32
   4573 	if (reader->mr_pid == getpid()) /* catch pthread_exit() in child process */
   4574 #endif
   4575 		/* We omit the mutex, so do this atomically (i.e. skip mr_txnid) */
   4576 		reader->mr_pid = 0;
   4577 }
   4578 
   4579 #ifdef _WIN32
   4580 /** Junk for arranging thread-specific callbacks on Windows. This is
   4581  *	necessarily platform and compiler-specific. Windows supports up
   4582  *	to 1088 keys. Let's assume nobody opens more than 64 environments
   4583  *	in a single process, for now. They can override this if needed.
   4584  */
   4585 #ifndef MAX_TLS_KEYS
   4586 #define MAX_TLS_KEYS	64
   4587 #endif
   4588 static pthread_key_t mdb_tls_keys[MAX_TLS_KEYS];
   4589 static int mdb_tls_nkeys;
   4590 
   4591 static void NTAPI mdb_tls_callback(PVOID module, DWORD reason, PVOID ptr)
   4592 {
   4593 	int i;
   4594 	switch(reason) {
   4595 	case DLL_PROCESS_ATTACH: break;
   4596 	case DLL_THREAD_ATTACH: break;
   4597 	case DLL_THREAD_DETACH:
   4598 		for (i=0; i<mdb_tls_nkeys; i++) {
   4599 			MDB_reader *r = pthread_getspecific(mdb_tls_keys[i]);
   4600 			if (r) {
   4601 				mdb_env_reader_dest(r);
   4602 			}
   4603 		}
   4604 		break;
   4605 	case DLL_PROCESS_DETACH: break;
   4606 	}
   4607 }
   4608 #ifdef __GNUC__
   4609 #ifdef _WIN64
   4610 const PIMAGE_TLS_CALLBACK mdb_tls_cbp __attribute__((section (".CRT$XLB"))) = mdb_tls_callback;
   4611 #else
   4612 PIMAGE_TLS_CALLBACK mdb_tls_cbp __attribute__((section (".CRT$XLB"))) = mdb_tls_callback;
   4613 #endif
   4614 #else
   4615 #ifdef _WIN64
   4616 /* Force some symbol references.
   4617  *	_tls_used forces the linker to create the TLS directory if not already done
   4618  *	mdb_tls_cbp prevents whole-program-optimizer from dropping the symbol.
   4619  */
   4620 #pragma comment(linker, "/INCLUDE:_tls_used")
   4621 #pragma comment(linker, "/INCLUDE:mdb_tls_cbp")
   4622 #pragma const_seg(".CRT$XLB")
   4623 extern const PIMAGE_TLS_CALLBACK mdb_tls_cbp;
   4624 const PIMAGE_TLS_CALLBACK mdb_tls_cbp = mdb_tls_callback;
   4625 #pragma const_seg()
   4626 #else	/* _WIN32 */
   4627 #pragma comment(linker, "/INCLUDE:__tls_used")
   4628 #pragma comment(linker, "/INCLUDE:_mdb_tls_cbp")
   4629 #pragma data_seg(".CRT$XLB")
   4630 PIMAGE_TLS_CALLBACK mdb_tls_cbp = mdb_tls_callback;
   4631 #pragma data_seg()
   4632 #endif	/* WIN 32/64 */
   4633 #endif	/* !__GNUC__ */
   4634 #endif
   4635 
   4636 /** Downgrade the exclusive lock on the region back to shared */
   4637 static int ESECT
   4638 mdb_env_share_locks(MDB_env *env, int *excl)
   4639 {
   4640 	int rc = 0;
   4641 	MDB_meta *meta = mdb_env_pick_meta(env);
   4642 
   4643 	env->me_txns->mti_txnid = meta->mm_txnid;
   4644 
   4645 #ifdef _WIN32
   4646 	{
   4647 		OVERLAPPED ov;
   4648 		/* First acquire a shared lock. The Unlock will
   4649 		 * then release the existing exclusive lock.
   4650 		 */
   4651 		memset(&ov, 0, sizeof(ov));
   4652 		if (!LockFileEx(env->me_lfd, 0, 0, 1, 0, &ov)) {
   4653 			rc = ErrCode();
   4654 		} else {
   4655 			UnlockFile(env->me_lfd, 0, 0, 1, 0);
   4656 			*excl = 0;
   4657 		}
   4658 	}
   4659 #else
   4660 	{
   4661 		struct flock lock_info;
   4662 		/* The shared lock replaces the existing lock */
   4663 		memset((void *)&lock_info, 0, sizeof(lock_info));
   4664 		lock_info.l_type = F_RDLCK;
   4665 		lock_info.l_whence = SEEK_SET;
   4666 		lock_info.l_start = 0;
   4667 		lock_info.l_len = 1;
   4668 		while ((rc = fcntl(env->me_lfd, F_SETLK, &lock_info)) &&
   4669 				(rc = ErrCode()) == EINTR) ;
   4670 		*excl = rc ? -1 : 0;	/* error may mean we lost the lock */
   4671 	}
   4672 #endif
   4673 
   4674 	return rc;
   4675 }
   4676 
   4677 /** Try to get exclusive lock, otherwise shared.
   4678  *	Maintain *excl = -1: no/unknown lock, 0: shared, 1: exclusive.
   4679  */
   4680 static int ESECT
   4681 mdb_env_excl_lock(MDB_env *env, int *excl)
   4682 {
   4683 	int rc = 0;
   4684 #ifdef _WIN32
   4685 	if (LockFile(env->me_lfd, 0, 0, 1, 0)) {
   4686 		*excl = 1;
   4687 	} else {
   4688 		OVERLAPPED ov;
   4689 		memset(&ov, 0, sizeof(ov));
   4690 		if (LockFileEx(env->me_lfd, 0, 0, 1, 0, &ov)) {
   4691 			*excl = 0;
   4692 		} else {
   4693 			rc = ErrCode();
   4694 		}
   4695 	}
   4696 #else
   4697 	struct flock lock_info;
   4698 	memset((void *)&lock_info, 0, sizeof(lock_info));
   4699 	lock_info.l_type = F_WRLCK;
   4700 	lock_info.l_whence = SEEK_SET;
   4701 	lock_info.l_start = 0;
   4702 	lock_info.l_len = 1;
   4703 	while ((rc = fcntl(env->me_lfd, F_SETLK, &lock_info)) &&
   4704 			(rc = ErrCode()) == EINTR) ;
   4705 	if (!rc) {
   4706 		*excl = 1;
   4707 	} else
   4708 # ifndef MDB_USE_POSIX_MUTEX
   4709 	if (*excl < 0) /* always true when MDB_USE_POSIX_MUTEX */
   4710 # endif
   4711 	{
   4712 		lock_info.l_type = F_RDLCK;
   4713 		while ((rc = fcntl(env->me_lfd, F_SETLKW, &lock_info)) &&
   4714 				(rc = ErrCode()) == EINTR) ;
   4715 		if (rc == 0)
   4716 			*excl = 0;
   4717 	}
   4718 #endif
   4719 	return rc;
   4720 }
   4721 
   4722 #ifdef MDB_USE_HASH
   4723 /*
   4724  * hash_64 - 64 bit Fowler/Noll/Vo-0 FNV-1a hash code
   4725  *
   4726  * @(#) Revision: 5.1
   4727  * @(#) Id: hash_64a.c,v 5.1 2009/06/30 09:01:38 chongo Exp
   4728  * @(#) Source: /usr/local/src/cmd/fnv/RCS/hash_64a.c,v
   4729  *
   4730  *	  http://www.isthe.com/chongo/tech/comp/fnv/index.html
   4731  *
   4732  ***
   4733  *
   4734  * Please do not copyright this code.  This code is in the public domain.
   4735  *
   4736  * LANDON CURT NOLL DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES WITH REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE,
   4737  * INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS. IN NO
   4738  * EVENT SHALL LANDON CURT NOLL BE LIABLE FOR ANY SPECIAL, INDIRECT OR
   4739  * CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM LOSS OF
   4740  * USE, DATA OR PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE OR
   4741  * OTHER TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR
   4742  * PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE.
   4743  *
   4744  * By:
   4745  *	chongo <Landon Curt Noll> /\oo/\
   4746  *	  http://www.isthe.com/chongo/
   4747  *
   4748  * Share and Enjoy!	:-)
   4749  */
   4750 
   4751 typedef unsigned long long	mdb_hash_t;
   4752 #define MDB_HASH_INIT ((mdb_hash_t)0xcbf29ce484222325ULL)
   4753 
   4754 /** perform a 64 bit Fowler/Noll/Vo FNV-1a hash on a buffer
   4755  * @param[in] val	value to hash
   4756  * @param[in] hval	initial value for hash
   4757  * @return 64 bit hash
   4758  *
   4759  * NOTE: To use the recommended 64 bit FNV-1a hash, use MDB_HASH_INIT as the
   4760  * 	 hval arg on the first call.
   4761  */
   4762 static mdb_hash_t
   4763 mdb_hash_val(MDB_val *val, mdb_hash_t hval)
   4764 {
   4765 	unsigned char *s = (unsigned char *)val->mv_data;	/* unsigned string */
   4766 	unsigned char *end = s + val->mv_size;
   4767 	/*
   4768 	 * FNV-1a hash each octet of the string
   4769 	 */
   4770 	while (s < end) {
   4771 		/* xor the bottom with the current octet */
   4772 		hval ^= (mdb_hash_t)*s++;
   4773 
   4774 		/* multiply by the 64 bit FNV magic prime mod 2^64 */
   4775 		hval += (hval << 1) + (hval << 4) + (hval << 5) +
   4776 			(hval << 7) + (hval << 8) + (hval << 40);
   4777 	}
   4778 	/* return our new hash value */
   4779 	return hval;
   4780 }
   4781 
   4782 /** Hash the string and output the encoded hash.
   4783  * This uses modified RFC1924 Ascii85 encoding to accommodate systems with
   4784  * very short name limits. We don't care about the encoding being reversible,
   4785  * we just want to preserve as many bits of the input as possible in a
   4786  * small printable string.
   4787  * @param[in] str string to hash
   4788  * @param[out] encbuf an array of 11 chars to hold the hash
   4789  */
   4790 static const char mdb_a85[]= "0123456789ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz!#$%&()*+-;<=>?@^_`{|}~";
   4791 
   4792 static void ESECT
   4793 mdb_pack85(unsigned long l, char *out)
   4794 {
   4795 	int i;
   4796 
   4797 	for (i=0; i<5; i++) {
   4798 		*out++ = mdb_a85[l % 85];
   4799 		l /= 85;
   4800 	}
   4801 }
   4802 
   4803 static void ESECT
   4804 mdb_hash_enc(MDB_val *val, char *encbuf)
   4805 {
   4806 	mdb_hash_t h = mdb_hash_val(val, MDB_HASH_INIT);
   4807 
   4808 	mdb_pack85(h, encbuf);
   4809 	mdb_pack85(h>>32, encbuf+5);
   4810 	encbuf[10] = '\0';
   4811 }
   4812 #endif
   4813 
   4814 /** Open and/or initialize the lock region for the environment.
   4815  * @param[in] env The LMDB environment.
   4816  * @param[in] fname Filename + scratch area, from #mdb_fname_init().
   4817  * @param[in] mode The Unix permissions for the file, if we create it.
   4818  * @param[in,out] excl In -1, out lock type: -1 none, 0 shared, 1 exclusive
   4819  * @return 0 on success, non-zero on failure.
   4820  */
   4821 static int ESECT
   4822 mdb_env_setup_locks(MDB_env *env, MDB_name *fname, int mode, int *excl)
   4823 {
   4824 #ifdef _WIN32
   4825 #	define MDB_ERRCODE_ROFS	ERROR_WRITE_PROTECT
   4826 #else
   4827 #	define MDB_ERRCODE_ROFS	EROFS
   4828 #endif
   4829 	int rc;
   4830 	off_t size, rsize;
   4831 
   4832 	rc = mdb_fopen(env, fname, MDB_O_LOCKS, mode, &env->me_lfd);
   4833 	if (rc) {
   4834 		/* Omit lockfile if read-only env on read-only filesystem */
   4835 		if (rc == MDB_ERRCODE_ROFS && (env->me_flags & MDB_RDONLY)) {
   4836 			return MDB_SUCCESS;
   4837 		}
   4838 		goto fail;
   4839 	}
   4840 
   4841 	if (!(env->me_flags & MDB_NOTLS)) {
   4842 		rc = pthread_key_create(&env->me_txkey, mdb_env_reader_dest);
   4843 		if (rc)
   4844 			goto fail;
   4845 		env->me_flags |= MDB_ENV_TXKEY;
   4846 #ifdef _WIN32
   4847 		/* Windows TLS callbacks need help finding their TLS info. */
   4848 		if (mdb_tls_nkeys >= MAX_TLS_KEYS) {
   4849 			rc = MDB_TLS_FULL;
   4850 			goto fail;
   4851 		}
   4852 		mdb_tls_keys[mdb_tls_nkeys++] = env->me_txkey;
   4853 #endif
   4854 	}
   4855 
   4856 	/* Try to get exclusive lock. If we succeed, then
   4857 	 * nobody is using the lock region and we should initialize it.
   4858 	 */
   4859 	if ((rc = mdb_env_excl_lock(env, excl))) goto fail;
   4860 
   4861 #ifdef _WIN32
   4862 	size = GetFileSize(env->me_lfd, NULL);
   4863 #else
   4864 	size = lseek(env->me_lfd, 0, SEEK_END);
   4865 	if (size == -1) goto fail_errno;
   4866 #endif
   4867 	rsize = (env->me_maxreaders-1) * sizeof(MDB_reader) + sizeof(MDB_txninfo);
   4868 	if (size < rsize && *excl > 0) {
   4869 #ifdef _WIN32
   4870 		if (SetFilePointer(env->me_lfd, rsize, NULL, FILE_BEGIN) != (DWORD)rsize
   4871 			|| !SetEndOfFile(env->me_lfd))
   4872 			goto fail_errno;
   4873 #else
   4874 		if (ftruncate(env->me_lfd, rsize) != 0) goto fail_errno;
   4875 #endif
   4876 	} else {
   4877 		rsize = size;
   4878 		size = rsize - sizeof(MDB_txninfo);
   4879 		env->me_maxreaders = size/sizeof(MDB_reader) + 1;
   4880 	}
   4881 	{
   4882 #ifdef _WIN32
   4883 		HANDLE mh;
   4884 		mh = CreateFileMapping(env->me_lfd, NULL, PAGE_READWRITE,
   4885 			0, 0, NULL);
   4886 		if (!mh) goto fail_errno;
   4887 		env->me_txns = MapViewOfFileEx(mh, FILE_MAP_WRITE, 0, 0, rsize, NULL);
   4888 		CloseHandle(mh);
   4889 		if (!env->me_txns) goto fail_errno;
   4890 #else
   4891 		void *m = mmap(NULL, rsize, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_SHARED,
   4892 			env->me_lfd, 0);
   4893 		if (m == MAP_FAILED) goto fail_errno;
   4894 		env->me_txns = m;
   4895 #endif
   4896 	}
   4897 	if (*excl > 0) {
   4898 #ifdef _WIN32
   4899 		BY_HANDLE_FILE_INFORMATION stbuf;
   4900 		struct {
   4901 			DWORD volume;
   4902 			DWORD nhigh;
   4903 			DWORD nlow;
   4904 		} idbuf;
   4905 		MDB_val val;
   4906 		char encbuf[11];
   4907 
   4908 		if (!mdb_sec_inited) {
   4909 			InitializeSecurityDescriptor(&mdb_null_sd,
   4910 				SECURITY_DESCRIPTOR_REVISION);
   4911 			SetSecurityDescriptorDacl(&mdb_null_sd, TRUE, 0, FALSE);
   4912 			mdb_all_sa.nLength = sizeof(SECURITY_ATTRIBUTES);
   4913 			mdb_all_sa.bInheritHandle = FALSE;
   4914 			mdb_all_sa.lpSecurityDescriptor = &mdb_null_sd;
   4915 			mdb_sec_inited = 1;
   4916 		}
   4917 		if (!GetFileInformationByHandle(env->me_lfd, &stbuf)) goto fail_errno;
   4918 		idbuf.volume = stbuf.dwVolumeSerialNumber;
   4919 		idbuf.nhigh  = stbuf.nFileIndexHigh;
   4920 		idbuf.nlow   = stbuf.nFileIndexLow;
   4921 		val.mv_data = &idbuf;
   4922 		val.mv_size = sizeof(idbuf);
   4923 		mdb_hash_enc(&val, encbuf);
   4924 		sprintf(env->me_txns->mti_rmname, "Global\\MDBr%s", encbuf);
   4925 		sprintf(env->me_txns->mti_wmname, "Global\\MDBw%s", encbuf);
   4926 		env->me_rmutex = CreateMutexA(&mdb_all_sa, FALSE, env->me_txns->mti_rmname);
   4927 		if (!env->me_rmutex) goto fail_errno;
   4928 		env->me_wmutex = CreateMutexA(&mdb_all_sa, FALSE, env->me_txns->mti_wmname);
   4929 		if (!env->me_wmutex) goto fail_errno;
   4930 #elif defined(MDB_USE_POSIX_SEM)
   4931 		struct stat stbuf;
   4932 		struct {
   4933 			dev_t dev;
   4934 			ino_t ino;
   4935 		} idbuf;
   4936 		MDB_val val;
   4937 		char encbuf[11];
   4938 
   4939 #if defined(__NetBSD__)
   4940 #define	MDB_SHORT_SEMNAMES	1	/* limited to 14 chars */
   4941 #endif
   4942 		if (fstat(env->me_lfd, &stbuf)) goto fail_errno;
   4943 		idbuf.dev = stbuf.st_dev;
   4944 		idbuf.ino = stbuf.st_ino;
   4945 		val.mv_data = &idbuf;
   4946 		val.mv_size = sizeof(idbuf);
   4947 		mdb_hash_enc(&val, encbuf);
   4948 #ifdef MDB_SHORT_SEMNAMES
   4949 		encbuf[9] = '\0';	/* drop name from 15 chars to 14 chars */
   4950 #endif
   4951 		sprintf(env->me_txns->mti_rmname, "/MDBr%s", encbuf);
   4952 		sprintf(env->me_txns->mti_wmname, "/MDBw%s", encbuf);
   4953 		/* Clean up after a previous run, if needed:  Try to
   4954 		 * remove both semaphores before doing anything else.
   4955 		 */
   4956 		sem_unlink(env->me_txns->mti_rmname);
   4957 		sem_unlink(env->me_txns->mti_wmname);
   4958 		env->me_rmutex = sem_open(env->me_txns->mti_rmname,
   4959 			O_CREAT|O_EXCL, mode, 1);
   4960 		if (env->me_rmutex == SEM_FAILED) goto fail_errno;
   4961 		env->me_wmutex = sem_open(env->me_txns->mti_wmname,
   4962 			O_CREAT|O_EXCL, mode, 1);
   4963 		if (env->me_wmutex == SEM_FAILED) goto fail_errno;
   4964 #else	/* MDB_USE_POSIX_MUTEX: */
   4965 		pthread_mutexattr_t mattr;
   4966 
   4967 		/* Solaris needs this before initing a robust mutex.  Otherwise
   4968 		 * it may skip the init and return EBUSY "seems someone already
   4969 		 * inited" or EINVAL "it was inited differently".
   4970 		 */
   4971 		memset(env->me_txns->mti_rmutex, 0, sizeof(*env->me_txns->mti_rmutex));
   4972 		memset(env->me_txns->mti_wmutex, 0, sizeof(*env->me_txns->mti_wmutex));
   4973 
   4974 		if ((rc = pthread_mutexattr_init(&mattr)))
   4975 			goto fail;
   4976 
   4977 		rc = pthread_mutexattr_setpshared(&mattr, PTHREAD_PROCESS_SHARED);
   4978 #ifdef MDB_ROBUST_SUPPORTED
   4979 		if (!rc) rc = pthread_mutexattr_setrobust(&mattr, PTHREAD_MUTEX_ROBUST);
   4980 #endif
   4981 		if (!rc) rc = pthread_mutex_init(env->me_txns->mti_rmutex, &mattr);
   4982 		if (!rc) rc = pthread_mutex_init(env->me_txns->mti_wmutex, &mattr);
   4983 		pthread_mutexattr_destroy(&mattr);
   4984 		if (rc)
   4985 			goto fail;
   4986 #endif	/* _WIN32 || MDB_USE_POSIX_SEM */
   4987 
   4988 		env->me_txns->mti_magic = MDB_MAGIC;
   4989 		env->me_txns->mti_format = MDB_LOCK_FORMAT;
   4990 		env->me_txns->mti_txnid = 0;
   4991 		env->me_txns->mti_numreaders = 0;
   4992 
   4993 	} else {
   4994 		if (env->me_txns->mti_magic != MDB_MAGIC) {
   4995 			DPUTS("lock region has invalid magic");
   4996 			rc = MDB_INVALID;
   4997 			goto fail;
   4998 		}
   4999 		if (env->me_txns->mti_format != MDB_LOCK_FORMAT) {
   5000 			DPRINTF(("lock region has format+version 0x%x, expected 0x%x",
   5001 				env->me_txns->mti_format, MDB_LOCK_FORMAT));
   5002 			rc = MDB_VERSION_MISMATCH;
   5003 			goto fail;
   5004 		}
   5005 		rc = ErrCode();
   5006 		if (rc && rc != EACCES && rc != EAGAIN) {
   5007 			goto fail;
   5008 		}
   5009 #ifdef _WIN32
   5010 		env->me_rmutex = OpenMutexA(SYNCHRONIZE, FALSE, env->me_txns->mti_rmname);
   5011 		if (!env->me_rmutex) goto fail_errno;
   5012 		env->me_wmutex = OpenMutexA(SYNCHRONIZE, FALSE, env->me_txns->mti_wmname);
   5013 		if (!env->me_wmutex) goto fail_errno;
   5014 #elif defined(MDB_USE_POSIX_SEM)
   5015 		env->me_rmutex = sem_open(env->me_txns->mti_rmname, 0);
   5016 		if (env->me_rmutex == SEM_FAILED) goto fail_errno;
   5017 		env->me_wmutex = sem_open(env->me_txns->mti_wmname, 0);
   5018 		if (env->me_wmutex == SEM_FAILED) goto fail_errno;
   5019 #endif
   5020 	}
   5021 	return MDB_SUCCESS;
   5022 
   5023 fail_errno:
   5024 	rc = ErrCode();
   5025 fail:
   5026 	return rc;
   5027 }
   5028 
   5029 	/** Only a subset of the @ref mdb_env flags can be changed
   5030 	 *	at runtime. Changing other flags requires closing the
   5031 	 *	environment and re-opening it with the new flags.
   5032 	 */
   5033 #define	CHANGEABLE	(MDB_NOSYNC|MDB_NOMETASYNC|MDB_MAPASYNC|MDB_NOMEMINIT)
   5034 #define	CHANGELESS	(MDB_FIXEDMAP|MDB_NOSUBDIR|MDB_RDONLY| \
   5035 	MDB_WRITEMAP|MDB_NOTLS|MDB_NOLOCK|MDB_NORDAHEAD)
   5036 
   5037 #if VALID_FLAGS & PERSISTENT_FLAGS & (CHANGEABLE|CHANGELESS)
   5038 # error "Persistent DB flags & env flags overlap, but both go in mm_flags"
   5039 #endif
   5040 
   5041 int ESECT
   5042 mdb_env_open(MDB_env *env, const char *path, unsigned int flags, mdb_mode_t mode)
   5043 {
   5044 	int rc, excl = -1;
   5045 	MDB_name fname;
   5046 
   5047 	if (env->me_fd!=INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE || (flags & ~(CHANGEABLE|CHANGELESS)))
   5048 		return EINVAL;
   5049 
   5050 	flags |= env->me_flags;
   5051 
   5052 	rc = mdb_fname_init(path, flags, &fname);
   5053 	if (rc)
   5054 		return rc;
   5055 
   5056 	if (flags & MDB_RDONLY) {
   5057 		/* silently ignore WRITEMAP when we're only getting read access */
   5058 		flags &= ~MDB_WRITEMAP;
   5059 	} else {
   5060 		if (!((env->me_free_pgs = mdb_midl_alloc(MDB_IDL_UM_MAX)) &&
   5061 			  (env->me_dirty_list = calloc(MDB_IDL_UM_SIZE, sizeof(MDB_ID2)))))
   5062 			rc = ENOMEM;
   5063 	}
   5064 	env->me_flags = flags |= MDB_ENV_ACTIVE;
   5065 	if (rc)
   5066 		goto leave;
   5067 
   5068 	env->me_path = strdup(path);
   5069 	env->me_dbxs = calloc(env->me_maxdbs, sizeof(MDB_dbx));
   5070 	env->me_dbflags = calloc(env->me_maxdbs, sizeof(uint16_t));
   5071 	env->me_dbiseqs = calloc(env->me_maxdbs, sizeof(unsigned int));
   5072 	if (!(env->me_dbxs && env->me_path && env->me_dbflags && env->me_dbiseqs)) {
   5073 		rc = ENOMEM;
   5074 		goto leave;
   5075 	}
   5076 	env->me_dbxs[FREE_DBI].md_cmp = mdb_cmp_long; /* aligned MDB_INTEGERKEY */
   5077 
   5078 	/* For RDONLY, get lockfile after we know datafile exists */
   5079 	if (!(flags & (MDB_RDONLY|MDB_NOLOCK))) {
   5080 		rc = mdb_env_setup_locks(env, &fname, mode, &excl);
   5081 		if (rc)
   5082 			goto leave;
   5083 	}
   5084 
   5085 	rc = mdb_fopen(env, &fname,
   5086 		(flags & MDB_RDONLY) ? MDB_O_RDONLY : MDB_O_RDWR,
   5087 		mode, &env->me_fd);
   5088 	if (rc)
   5089 		goto leave;
   5090 
   5091 	if ((flags & (MDB_RDONLY|MDB_NOLOCK)) == MDB_RDONLY) {
   5092 		rc = mdb_env_setup_locks(env, &fname, mode, &excl);
   5093 		if (rc)
   5094 			goto leave;
   5095 	}
   5096 
   5097 	if ((rc = mdb_env_open2(env)) == MDB_SUCCESS) {
   5098 		if (!(flags & (MDB_RDONLY|MDB_WRITEMAP))) {
   5099 			/* Synchronous fd for meta writes. Needed even with
   5100 			 * MDB_NOSYNC/MDB_NOMETASYNC, in case these get reset.
   5101 			 */
   5102 			rc = mdb_fopen(env, &fname, MDB_O_META, mode, &env->me_mfd);
   5103 			if (rc)
   5104 				goto leave;
   5105 		}
   5106 		DPRINTF(("opened dbenv %p", (void *) env));
   5107 		if (excl > 0) {
   5108 			rc = mdb_env_share_locks(env, &excl);
   5109 			if (rc)
   5110 				goto leave;
   5111 		}
   5112 		if (!(flags & MDB_RDONLY)) {
   5113 			MDB_txn *txn;
   5114 			int tsize = sizeof(MDB_txn), size = tsize + env->me_maxdbs *
   5115 				(sizeof(MDB_db)+sizeof(MDB_cursor *)+sizeof(unsigned int)+1);
   5116 			if ((env->me_pbuf = calloc(1, env->me_psize)) &&
   5117 				(txn = calloc(1, size)))
   5118 			{
   5119 				txn->mt_dbs = (MDB_db *)((char *)txn + tsize);
   5120 				txn->mt_cursors = (MDB_cursor **)(txn->mt_dbs + env->me_maxdbs);
   5121 				txn->mt_dbiseqs = (unsigned int *)(txn->mt_cursors + env->me_maxdbs);
   5122 				txn->mt_dbflags = (unsigned char *)(txn->mt_dbiseqs + env->me_maxdbs);
   5123 				txn->mt_env = env;
   5124 				txn->mt_dbxs = env->me_dbxs;
   5125 				txn->mt_flags = MDB_TXN_FINISHED;
   5126 				env->me_txn0 = txn;
   5127 			} else {
   5128 				rc = ENOMEM;
   5129 			}
   5130 		}
   5131 	}
   5132 
   5133 leave:
   5134 	MDB_TRACE(("%p, %s, %u, %04o", env, path, flags & (CHANGEABLE|CHANGELESS), mode));
   5135 	if (rc) {
   5136 		mdb_env_close0(env, excl);
   5137 	}
   5138 	mdb_fname_destroy(fname);
   5139 	return rc;
   5140 }
   5141 
   5142 /** Destroy resources from mdb_env_open(), clear our readers & DBIs */
   5143 static void ESECT
   5144 mdb_env_close0(MDB_env *env, int excl)
   5145 {
   5146 	int i;
   5147 
   5148 	if (!(env->me_flags & MDB_ENV_ACTIVE))
   5149 		return;
   5150 
   5151 	/* Doing this here since me_dbxs may not exist during mdb_env_close */
   5152 	if (env->me_dbxs) {
   5153 		for (i = env->me_maxdbs; --i >= CORE_DBS; )
   5154 			free(env->me_dbxs[i].md_name.mv_data);
   5155 		free(env->me_dbxs);
   5156 	}
   5157 
   5158 	free(env->me_pbuf);
   5159 	free(env->me_dbiseqs);
   5160 	free(env->me_dbflags);
   5161 	free(env->me_path);
   5162 	free(env->me_dirty_list);
   5163 	free(env->me_txn0);
   5164 	mdb_midl_free(env->me_free_pgs);
   5165 
   5166 	if (env->me_flags & MDB_ENV_TXKEY) {
   5167 		pthread_key_delete(env->me_txkey);
   5168 #ifdef _WIN32
   5169 		/* Delete our key from the global list */
   5170 		for (i=0; i<mdb_tls_nkeys; i++)
   5171 			if (mdb_tls_keys[i] == env->me_txkey) {
   5172 				mdb_tls_keys[i] = mdb_tls_keys[mdb_tls_nkeys-1];
   5173 				mdb_tls_nkeys--;
   5174 				break;
   5175 			}
   5176 #endif
   5177 	}
   5178 
   5179 	if (env->me_map) {
   5180 		munmap(env->me_map, env->me_mapsize);
   5181 	}
   5182 	if (env->me_mfd != INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE)
   5183 		(void) close(env->me_mfd);
   5184 	if (env->me_fd != INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE)
   5185 		(void) close(env->me_fd);
   5186 	if (env->me_txns) {
   5187 		MDB_PID_T pid = getpid();
   5188 		/* Clearing readers is done in this function because
   5189 		 * me_txkey with its destructor must be disabled first.
   5190 		 *
   5191 		 * We skip the the reader mutex, so we touch only
   5192 		 * data owned by this process (me_close_readers and
   5193 		 * our readers), and clear each reader atomically.
   5194 		 */
   5195 		for (i = env->me_close_readers; --i >= 0; )
   5196 			if (env->me_txns->mti_readers[i].mr_pid == pid)
   5197 				env->me_txns->mti_readers[i].mr_pid = 0;
   5198 #ifdef _WIN32
   5199 		if (env->me_rmutex) {
   5200 			CloseHandle(env->me_rmutex);
   5201 			if (env->me_wmutex) CloseHandle(env->me_wmutex);
   5202 		}
   5203 		/* Windows automatically destroys the mutexes when
   5204 		 * the last handle closes.
   5205 		 */
   5206 #elif defined(MDB_USE_POSIX_SEM)
   5207 		if (env->me_rmutex != SEM_FAILED) {
   5208 			sem_close(env->me_rmutex);
   5209 			if (env->me_wmutex != SEM_FAILED)
   5210 				sem_close(env->me_wmutex);
   5211 			/* If we have the filelock:  If we are the
   5212 			 * only remaining user, clean up semaphores.
   5213 			 */
   5214 			if (excl == 0)
   5215 				mdb_env_excl_lock(env, &excl);
   5216 			if (excl > 0) {
   5217 				sem_unlink(env->me_txns->mti_rmname);
   5218 				sem_unlink(env->me_txns->mti_wmname);
   5219 			}
   5220 		}
   5221 #endif
   5222 		munmap((void *)env->me_txns, (env->me_maxreaders-1)*sizeof(MDB_reader)+sizeof(MDB_txninfo));
   5223 	}
   5224 	if (env->me_lfd != INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE) {
   5225 #ifdef _WIN32
   5226 		if (excl >= 0) {
   5227 			/* Unlock the lockfile.  Windows would have unlocked it
   5228 			 * after closing anyway, but not necessarily at once.
   5229 			 */
   5230 			UnlockFile(env->me_lfd, 0, 0, 1, 0);
   5231 		}
   5232 #endif
   5233 		(void) close(env->me_lfd);
   5234 	}
   5235 
   5236 	env->me_flags &= ~(MDB_ENV_ACTIVE|MDB_ENV_TXKEY);
   5237 }
   5238 
   5239 void ESECT
   5240 mdb_env_close(MDB_env *env)
   5241 {
   5242 	MDB_page *dp;
   5243 
   5244 	if (env == NULL)
   5245 		return;
   5246 
   5247 	MDB_TRACE(("%p", env));
   5248 	VGMEMP_DESTROY(env);
   5249 	while ((dp = env->me_dpages) != NULL) {
   5250 		VGMEMP_DEFINED(&dp->mp_next, sizeof(dp->mp_next));
   5251 		env->me_dpages = dp->mp_next;
   5252 		free(dp);
   5253 	}
   5254 
   5255 	mdb_env_close0(env, 0);
   5256 	free(env);
   5257 }
   5258 
   5259 /** Compare two items pointing at aligned size_t's */
   5260 static int
   5261 mdb_cmp_long(const MDB_val *a, const MDB_val *b)
   5262 {
   5263 	return (*(size_t *)a->mv_data < *(size_t *)b->mv_data) ? -1 :
   5264 		*(size_t *)a->mv_data > *(size_t *)b->mv_data;
   5265 }
   5266 
   5267 /** Compare two items pointing at aligned unsigned int's.
   5268  *
   5269  *	This is also set as #MDB_INTEGERDUP|#MDB_DUPFIXED's #MDB_dbx.%md_dcmp,
   5270  *	but #mdb_cmp_clong() is called instead if the data type is size_t.
   5271  */
   5272 static int
   5273 mdb_cmp_int(const MDB_val *a, const MDB_val *b)
   5274 {
   5275 	return (*(unsigned int *)a->mv_data < *(unsigned int *)b->mv_data) ? -1 :
   5276 		*(unsigned int *)a->mv_data > *(unsigned int *)b->mv_data;
   5277 }
   5278 
   5279 /** Compare two items pointing at unsigned ints of unknown alignment.
   5280  *	Nodes and keys are guaranteed to be 2-byte aligned.
   5281  */
   5282 static int
   5283 mdb_cmp_cint(const MDB_val *a, const MDB_val *b)
   5284 {
   5285 #if BYTE_ORDER == LITTLE_ENDIAN
   5286 	unsigned short *u, *c;
   5287 	int x;
   5288 
   5289 	u = (unsigned short *) ((char *) a->mv_data + a->mv_size);
   5290 	c = (unsigned short *) ((char *) b->mv_data + a->mv_size);
   5291 	do {
   5292 		x = *--u - *--c;
   5293 	} while(!x && u > (unsigned short *)a->mv_data);
   5294 	return x;
   5295 #else
   5296 	unsigned short *u, *c, *end;
   5297 	int x;
   5298 
   5299 	end = (unsigned short *) ((char *) a->mv_data + a->mv_size);
   5300 	u = (unsigned short *)a->mv_data;
   5301 	c = (unsigned short *)b->mv_data;
   5302 	do {
   5303 		x = *u++ - *c++;
   5304 	} while(!x && u < end);
   5305 	return x;
   5306 #endif
   5307 }
   5308 
   5309 /** Compare two items lexically */
   5310 static int
   5311 mdb_cmp_memn(const MDB_val *a, const MDB_val *b)
   5312 {
   5313 	int diff;
   5314 	ssize_t len_diff;
   5315 	unsigned int len;
   5316 
   5317 	len = a->mv_size;
   5318 	len_diff = (ssize_t) a->mv_size - (ssize_t) b->mv_size;
   5319 	if (len_diff > 0) {
   5320 		len = b->mv_size;
   5321 		len_diff = 1;
   5322 	}
   5323 
   5324 	diff = memcmp(a->mv_data, b->mv_data, len);
   5325 	return diff ? diff : len_diff<0 ? -1 : len_diff;
   5326 }
   5327 
   5328 /** Compare two items in reverse byte order */
   5329 static int
   5330 mdb_cmp_memnr(const MDB_val *a, const MDB_val *b)
   5331 {
   5332 	const unsigned char	*p1, *p2, *p1_lim;
   5333 	ssize_t len_diff;
   5334 	int diff;
   5335 
   5336 	p1_lim = (const unsigned char *)a->mv_data;
   5337 	p1 = (const unsigned char *)a->mv_data + a->mv_size;
   5338 	p2 = (const unsigned char *)b->mv_data + b->mv_size;
   5339 
   5340 	len_diff = (ssize_t) a->mv_size - (ssize_t) b->mv_size;
   5341 	if (len_diff > 0) {
   5342 		p1_lim += len_diff;
   5343 		len_diff = 1;
   5344 	}
   5345 
   5346 	while (p1 > p1_lim) {
   5347 		diff = *--p1 - *--p2;
   5348 		if (diff)
   5349 			return diff;
   5350 	}
   5351 	return len_diff<0 ? -1 : len_diff;
   5352 }
   5353 
   5354 /** Search for key within a page, using binary search.
   5355  * Returns the smallest entry larger or equal to the key.
   5356  * If exactp is non-null, stores whether the found entry was an exact match
   5357  * in *exactp (1 or 0).
   5358  * Updates the cursor index with the index of the found entry.
   5359  * If no entry larger or equal to the key is found, returns NULL.
   5360  */
   5361 static MDB_node *
   5362 mdb_node_search(MDB_cursor *mc, MDB_val *key, int *exactp)
   5363 {
   5364 	unsigned int	 i = 0, nkeys;
   5365 	int		 low, high;
   5366 	int		 rc = 0;
   5367 	MDB_page *mp = mc->mc_pg[mc->mc_top];
   5368 	MDB_node	*node = NULL;
   5369 	MDB_val	 nodekey;
   5370 	MDB_cmp_func *cmp;
   5371 	DKBUF;
   5372 
   5373 	nkeys = NUMKEYS(mp);
   5374 
   5375 	DPRINTF(("searching %u keys in %s %spage %"Z"u",
   5376 	    nkeys, IS_LEAF(mp) ? "leaf" : "branch", IS_SUBP(mp) ? "sub-" : "",
   5377 	    mdb_dbg_pgno(mp)));
   5378 
   5379 	low = IS_LEAF(mp) ? 0 : 1;
   5380 	high = nkeys - 1;
   5381 	cmp = mc->mc_dbx->md_cmp;
   5382 
   5383 	/* Branch pages have no data, so if using integer keys,
   5384 	 * alignment is guaranteed. Use faster mdb_cmp_int.
   5385 	 */
   5386 	if (cmp == mdb_cmp_cint && IS_BRANCH(mp)) {
   5387 		if (NODEPTR(mp, 1)->mn_ksize == sizeof(size_t))
   5388 			cmp = mdb_cmp_long;
   5389 		else
   5390 			cmp = mdb_cmp_int;
   5391 	}
   5392 
   5393 	if (IS_LEAF2(mp)) {
   5394 		nodekey.mv_size = mc->mc_db->md_pad;
   5395 		node = NODEPTR(mp, 0);	/* fake */
   5396 		while (low <= high) {
   5397 			i = (low + high) >> 1;
   5398 			nodekey.mv_data = LEAF2KEY(mp, i, nodekey.mv_size);
   5399 			rc = cmp(key, &nodekey);
   5400 			DPRINTF(("found leaf index %u [%s], rc = %i",
   5401 			    i, DKEY(&nodekey), rc));
   5402 			if (rc == 0)
   5403 				break;
   5404 			if (rc > 0)
   5405 				low = i + 1;
   5406 			else
   5407 				high = i - 1;
   5408 		}
   5409 	} else {
   5410 		while (low <= high) {
   5411 			i = (low + high) >> 1;
   5412 
   5413 			node = NODEPTR(mp, i);
   5414 			nodekey.mv_size = NODEKSZ(node);
   5415 			nodekey.mv_data = NODEKEY(node);
   5416 
   5417 			rc = cmp(key, &nodekey);
   5418 #if MDB_DEBUG
   5419 			if (IS_LEAF(mp))
   5420 				DPRINTF(("found leaf index %u [%s], rc = %i",
   5421 				    i, DKEY(&nodekey), rc));
   5422 			else
   5423 				DPRINTF(("found branch index %u [%s -> %"Z"u], rc = %i",
   5424 				    i, DKEY(&nodekey), NODEPGNO(node), rc));
   5425 #endif
   5426 			if (rc == 0)
   5427 				break;
   5428 			if (rc > 0)
   5429 				low = i + 1;
   5430 			else
   5431 				high = i - 1;
   5432 		}
   5433 	}
   5434 
   5435 	if (rc > 0) {	/* Found entry is less than the key. */
   5436 		i++;	/* Skip to get the smallest entry larger than key. */
   5437 		if (!IS_LEAF2(mp))
   5438 			node = NODEPTR(mp, i);
   5439 	}
   5440 	if (exactp)
   5441 		*exactp = (rc == 0 && nkeys > 0);
   5442 	/* store the key index */
   5443 	mc->mc_ki[mc->mc_top] = i;
   5444 	if (i >= nkeys)
   5445 		/* There is no entry larger or equal to the key. */
   5446 		return NULL;
   5447 
   5448 	/* nodeptr is fake for LEAF2 */
   5449 	return node;
   5450 }
   5451 
   5452 #if 0
   5453 static void
   5454 mdb_cursor_adjust(MDB_cursor *mc, func)
   5455 {
   5456 	MDB_cursor *m2;
   5457 
   5458 	for (m2 = mc->mc_txn->mt_cursors[mc->mc_dbi]; m2; m2=m2->mc_next) {
   5459 		if (m2->mc_pg[m2->mc_top] == mc->mc_pg[mc->mc_top]) {
   5460 			func(mc, m2);
   5461 		}
   5462 	}
   5463 }
   5464 #endif
   5465 
   5466 /** Pop a page off the top of the cursor's stack. */
   5467 static void
   5468 mdb_cursor_pop(MDB_cursor *mc)
   5469 {
   5470 	if (mc->mc_snum) {
   5471 		DPRINTF(("popping page %"Z"u off db %d cursor %p",
   5472 			mc->mc_pg[mc->mc_top]->mp_pgno, DDBI(mc), (void *) mc));
   5473 
   5474 		mc->mc_snum--;
   5475 		if (mc->mc_snum) {
   5476 			mc->mc_top--;
   5477 		} else {
   5478 			mc->mc_flags &= ~C_INITIALIZED;
   5479 		}
   5480 	}
   5481 }
   5482 
   5483 /** Push a page onto the top of the cursor's stack.
   5484  * Set #MDB_TXN_ERROR on failure.
   5485  */
   5486 static int
   5487 mdb_cursor_push(MDB_cursor *mc, MDB_page *mp)
   5488 {
   5489 	DPRINTF(("pushing page %"Z"u on db %d cursor %p", mp->mp_pgno,
   5490 		DDBI(mc), (void *) mc));
   5491 
   5492 	if (mc->mc_snum >= CURSOR_STACK) {
   5493 		mc->mc_txn->mt_flags |= MDB_TXN_ERROR;
   5494 		return MDB_CURSOR_FULL;
   5495 	}
   5496 
   5497 	mc->mc_top = mc->mc_snum++;
   5498 	mc->mc_pg[mc->mc_top] = mp;
   5499 	mc->mc_ki[mc->mc_top] = 0;
   5500 
   5501 	return MDB_SUCCESS;
   5502 }
   5503 
   5504 /** Find the address of the page corresponding to a given page number.
   5505  * Set #MDB_TXN_ERROR on failure.
   5506  * @param[in] mc the cursor accessing the page.
   5507  * @param[in] pgno the page number for the page to retrieve.
   5508  * @param[out] ret address of a pointer where the page's address will be stored.
   5509  * @param[out] lvl dirty_list inheritance level of found page. 1=current txn, 0=mapped page.
   5510  * @return 0 on success, non-zero on failure.
   5511  */
   5512 static int
   5513 mdb_page_get(MDB_cursor *mc, pgno_t pgno, MDB_page **ret, int *lvl)
   5514 {
   5515 	MDB_txn *txn = mc->mc_txn;
   5516 	MDB_env *env = txn->mt_env;
   5517 	MDB_page *p = NULL;
   5518 	int level;
   5519 
   5520 	if (! (txn->mt_flags & (MDB_TXN_RDONLY|MDB_TXN_WRITEMAP))) {
   5521 		MDB_txn *tx2 = txn;
   5522 		level = 1;
   5523 		do {
   5524 			MDB_ID2L dl = tx2->mt_u.dirty_list;
   5525 			unsigned x;
   5526 			/* Spilled pages were dirtied in this txn and flushed
   5527 			 * because the dirty list got full. Bring this page
   5528 			 * back in from the map (but don't unspill it here,
   5529 			 * leave that unless page_touch happens again).
   5530 			 */
   5531 			if (tx2->mt_spill_pgs) {
   5532 				MDB_ID pn = pgno << 1;
   5533 				x = mdb_midl_search(tx2->mt_spill_pgs, pn);
   5534 				if (x <= tx2->mt_spill_pgs[0] && tx2->mt_spill_pgs[x] == pn) {
   5535 					p = (MDB_page *)(env->me_map + env->me_psize * pgno);
   5536 					goto done;
   5537 				}
   5538 			}
   5539 			if (dl[0].mid) {
   5540 				unsigned x = mdb_mid2l_search(dl, pgno);
   5541 				if (x <= dl[0].mid && dl[x].mid == pgno) {
   5542 					p = dl[x].mptr;
   5543 					goto done;
   5544 				}
   5545 			}
   5546 			level++;
   5547 		} while ((tx2 = tx2->mt_parent) != NULL);
   5548 	}
   5549 
   5550 	if (pgno < txn->mt_next_pgno) {
   5551 		level = 0;
   5552 		p = (MDB_page *)(env->me_map + env->me_psize * pgno);
   5553 	} else {
   5554 		DPRINTF(("page %"Z"u not found", pgno));
   5555 		txn->mt_flags |= MDB_TXN_ERROR;
   5556 		return MDB_PAGE_NOTFOUND;
   5557 	}
   5558 
   5559 done:
   5560 	*ret = p;
   5561 	if (lvl)
   5562 		*lvl = level;
   5563 	return MDB_SUCCESS;
   5564 }
   5565 
   5566 /** Finish #mdb_page_search() / #mdb_page_search_lowest().
   5567  *	The cursor is at the root page, set up the rest of it.
   5568  */
   5569 static int
   5570 mdb_page_search_root(MDB_cursor *mc, MDB_val *key, int flags)
   5571 {
   5572 	MDB_page	*mp = mc->mc_pg[mc->mc_top];
   5573 	int rc;
   5574 	DKBUF;
   5575 
   5576 	while (IS_BRANCH(mp)) {
   5577 		MDB_node	*node;
   5578 		indx_t		i;
   5579 
   5580 		DPRINTF(("branch page %"Z"u has %u keys", mp->mp_pgno, NUMKEYS(mp)));
   5581 		/* Don't assert on branch pages in the FreeDB. We can get here
   5582 		 * while in the process of rebalancing a FreeDB branch page; we must
   5583 		 * let that proceed. ITS#8336
   5584 		 */
   5585 		mdb_cassert(mc, !mc->mc_dbi || NUMKEYS(mp) > 1);
   5586 		DPRINTF(("found index 0 to page %"Z"u", NODEPGNO(NODEPTR(mp, 0))));
   5587 
   5588 		if (flags & (MDB_PS_FIRST|MDB_PS_LAST)) {
   5589 			i = 0;
   5590 			if (flags & MDB_PS_LAST) {
   5591 				i = NUMKEYS(mp) - 1;
   5592 				/* if already init'd, see if we're already in right place */
   5593 				if (mc->mc_flags & C_INITIALIZED) {
   5594 					if (mc->mc_ki[mc->mc_top] == i) {
   5595 						mc->mc_top = mc->mc_snum++;
   5596 						mp = mc->mc_pg[mc->mc_top];
   5597 						goto ready;
   5598 					}
   5599 				}
   5600 			}
   5601 		} else {
   5602 			int	 exact;
   5603 			node = mdb_node_search(mc, key, &exact);
   5604 			if (node == NULL)
   5605 				i = NUMKEYS(mp) - 1;
   5606 			else {
   5607 				i = mc->mc_ki[mc->mc_top];
   5608 				if (!exact) {
   5609 					mdb_cassert(mc, i > 0);
   5610 					i--;
   5611 				}
   5612 			}
   5613 			DPRINTF(("following index %u for key [%s]", i, DKEY(key)));
   5614 		}
   5615 
   5616 		mdb_cassert(mc, i < NUMKEYS(mp));
   5617 		node = NODEPTR(mp, i);
   5618 
   5619 		if ((rc = mdb_page_get(mc, NODEPGNO(node), &mp, NULL)) != 0)
   5620 			return rc;
   5621 
   5622 		mc->mc_ki[mc->mc_top] = i;
   5623 		if ((rc = mdb_cursor_push(mc, mp)))
   5624 			return rc;
   5625 
   5626 ready:
   5627 		if (flags & MDB_PS_MODIFY) {
   5628 			if ((rc = mdb_page_touch(mc)) != 0)
   5629 				return rc;
   5630 			mp = mc->mc_pg[mc->mc_top];
   5631 		}
   5632 	}
   5633 
   5634 	if (!IS_LEAF(mp)) {
   5635 		DPRINTF(("internal error, index points to a %02X page!?",
   5636 		    mp->mp_flags));
   5637 		mc->mc_txn->mt_flags |= MDB_TXN_ERROR;
   5638 		return MDB_CORRUPTED;
   5639 	}
   5640 
   5641 	DPRINTF(("found leaf page %"Z"u for key [%s]", mp->mp_pgno,
   5642 	    key ? DKEY(key) : "null"));
   5643 	mc->mc_flags |= C_INITIALIZED;
   5644 	mc->mc_flags &= ~C_EOF;
   5645 
   5646 	return MDB_SUCCESS;
   5647 }
   5648 
   5649 /** Search for the lowest key under the current branch page.
   5650  * This just bypasses a NUMKEYS check in the current page
   5651  * before calling mdb_page_search_root(), because the callers
   5652  * are all in situations where the current page is known to
   5653  * be underfilled.
   5654  */
   5655 static int
   5656 mdb_page_search_lowest(MDB_cursor *mc)
   5657 {
   5658 	MDB_page	*mp = mc->mc_pg[mc->mc_top];
   5659 	MDB_node	*node = NODEPTR(mp, 0);
   5660 	int rc;
   5661 
   5662 	if ((rc = mdb_page_get(mc, NODEPGNO(node), &mp, NULL)) != 0)
   5663 		return rc;
   5664 
   5665 	mc->mc_ki[mc->mc_top] = 0;
   5666 	if ((rc = mdb_cursor_push(mc, mp)))
   5667 		return rc;
   5668 	return mdb_page_search_root(mc, NULL, MDB_PS_FIRST);
   5669 }
   5670 
   5671 /** Search for the page a given key should be in.
   5672  * Push it and its parent pages on the cursor stack.
   5673  * @param[in,out] mc the cursor for this operation.
   5674  * @param[in] key the key to search for, or NULL for first/last page.
   5675  * @param[in] flags If MDB_PS_MODIFY is set, visited pages in the DB
   5676  *   are touched (updated with new page numbers).
   5677  *   If MDB_PS_FIRST or MDB_PS_LAST is set, find first or last leaf.
   5678  *   This is used by #mdb_cursor_first() and #mdb_cursor_last().
   5679  *   If MDB_PS_ROOTONLY set, just fetch root node, no further lookups.
   5680  * @return 0 on success, non-zero on failure.
   5681  */
   5682 static int
   5683 mdb_page_search(MDB_cursor *mc, MDB_val *key, int flags)
   5684 {
   5685 	int		 rc;
   5686 	pgno_t		 root;
   5687 
   5688 	/* Make sure the txn is still viable, then find the root from
   5689 	 * the txn's db table and set it as the root of the cursor's stack.
   5690 	 */
   5691 	if (mc->mc_txn->mt_flags & MDB_TXN_BLOCKED) {
   5692 		DPUTS("transaction may not be used now");
   5693 		return MDB_BAD_TXN;
   5694 	} else {
   5695 		/* Make sure we're using an up-to-date root */
   5696 		if (*mc->mc_dbflag & DB_STALE) {
   5697 				MDB_cursor mc2;
   5698 				if (TXN_DBI_CHANGED(mc->mc_txn, mc->mc_dbi))
   5699 					return MDB_BAD_DBI;
   5700 				mdb_cursor_init(&mc2, mc->mc_txn, MAIN_DBI, NULL);
   5701 				rc = mdb_page_search(&mc2, &mc->mc_dbx->md_name, 0);
   5702 				if (rc)
   5703 					return rc;
   5704 				{
   5705 					MDB_val data;
   5706 					int exact = 0;
   5707 					uint16_t flags;
   5708 					MDB_node *leaf = mdb_node_search(&mc2,
   5709 						&mc->mc_dbx->md_name, &exact);
   5710 					if (!exact)
   5711 						return MDB_BAD_DBI;
   5712 					if ((leaf->mn_flags & (F_DUPDATA|F_SUBDATA)) != F_SUBDATA)
   5713 						return MDB_INCOMPATIBLE; /* not a named DB */
   5714 					rc = mdb_node_read(&mc2, leaf, &data);
   5715 					if (rc)
   5716 						return rc;
   5717 					memcpy(&flags, ((char *) data.mv_data + offsetof(MDB_db, md_flags)),
   5718 						sizeof(uint16_t));
   5719 					/* The txn may not know this DBI, or another process may
   5720 					 * have dropped and recreated the DB with other flags.
   5721 					 */
   5722 					if ((mc->mc_db->md_flags & PERSISTENT_FLAGS) != flags)
   5723 						return MDB_INCOMPATIBLE;
   5724 					memcpy(mc->mc_db, data.mv_data, sizeof(MDB_db));
   5725 				}
   5726 				*mc->mc_dbflag &= ~DB_STALE;
   5727 		}
   5728 		root = mc->mc_db->md_root;
   5729 
   5730 		if (root == P_INVALID) {		/* Tree is empty. */
   5731 			DPUTS("tree is empty");
   5732 			return MDB_NOTFOUND;
   5733 		}
   5734 	}
   5735 
   5736 	mdb_cassert(mc, root > 1);
   5737 	if (!mc->mc_pg[0] || mc->mc_pg[0]->mp_pgno != root)
   5738 		if ((rc = mdb_page_get(mc, root, &mc->mc_pg[0], NULL)) != 0)
   5739 			return rc;
   5740 
   5741 	mc->mc_snum = 1;
   5742 	mc->mc_top = 0;
   5743 
   5744 	DPRINTF(("db %d root page %"Z"u has flags 0x%X",
   5745 		DDBI(mc), root, mc->mc_pg[0]->mp_flags));
   5746 
   5747 	if (flags & MDB_PS_MODIFY) {
   5748 		if ((rc = mdb_page_touch(mc)))
   5749 			return rc;
   5750 	}
   5751 
   5752 	if (flags & MDB_PS_ROOTONLY)
   5753 		return MDB_SUCCESS;
   5754 
   5755 	return mdb_page_search_root(mc, key, flags);
   5756 }
   5757 
   5758 static int
   5759 mdb_ovpage_free(MDB_cursor *mc, MDB_page *mp)
   5760 {
   5761 	MDB_txn *txn = mc->mc_txn;
   5762 	pgno_t pg = mp->mp_pgno;
   5763 	unsigned x = 0, ovpages = mp->mp_pages;
   5764 	MDB_env *env = txn->mt_env;
   5765 	MDB_IDL sl = txn->mt_spill_pgs;
   5766 	MDB_ID pn = pg << 1;
   5767 	int rc;
   5768 
   5769 	DPRINTF(("free ov page %"Z"u (%d)", pg, ovpages));
   5770 	/* If the page is dirty or on the spill list we just acquired it,
   5771 	 * so we should give it back to our current free list, if any.
   5772 	 * Otherwise put it onto the list of pages we freed in this txn.
   5773 	 *
   5774 	 * Won't create me_pghead: me_pglast must be inited along with it.
   5775 	 * Unsupported in nested txns: They would need to hide the page
   5776 	 * range in ancestor txns' dirty and spilled lists.
   5777 	 */
   5778 	if (env->me_pghead &&
   5779 		!txn->mt_parent &&
   5780 		((mp->mp_flags & P_DIRTY) ||
   5781 		 (sl && (x = mdb_midl_search(sl, pn)) <= sl[0] && sl[x] == pn)))
   5782 	{
   5783 		unsigned i, j;
   5784 		pgno_t *mop;
   5785 		MDB_ID2 *dl, ix, iy;
   5786 		rc = mdb_midl_need(&env->me_pghead, ovpages);
   5787 		if (rc)
   5788 			return rc;
   5789 		if (!(mp->mp_flags & P_DIRTY)) {
   5790 			/* This page is no longer spilled */
   5791 			if (x == sl[0])
   5792 				sl[0]--;
   5793 			else
   5794 				sl[x] |= 1;
   5795 			goto release;
   5796 		}
   5797 		/* Remove from dirty list */
   5798 		dl = txn->mt_u.dirty_list;
   5799 		x = dl[0].mid--;
   5800 		for (ix = dl[x]; ix.mptr != mp; ix = iy) {
   5801 			if (x > 1) {
   5802 				x--;
   5803 				iy = dl[x];
   5804 				dl[x] = ix;
   5805 			} else {
   5806 				mdb_cassert(mc, x > 1);
   5807 				j = ++(dl[0].mid);
   5808 				dl[j] = ix;		/* Unsorted. OK when MDB_TXN_ERROR. */
   5809 				txn->mt_flags |= MDB_TXN_ERROR;
   5810 				return MDB_CORRUPTED;
   5811 			}
   5812 		}
   5813 		txn->mt_dirty_room++;
   5814 		if (!(env->me_flags & MDB_WRITEMAP))
   5815 			mdb_dpage_free(env, mp);
   5816 release:
   5817 		/* Insert in me_pghead */
   5818 		mop = env->me_pghead;
   5819 		j = mop[0] + ovpages;
   5820 		for (i = mop[0]; i && mop[i] < pg; i--)
   5821 			mop[j--] = mop[i];
   5822 		while (j>i)
   5823 			mop[j--] = pg++;
   5824 		mop[0] += ovpages;
   5825 	} else {
   5826 		rc = mdb_midl_append_range(&txn->mt_free_pgs, pg, ovpages);
   5827 		if (rc)
   5828 			return rc;
   5829 	}
   5830 	mc->mc_db->md_overflow_pages -= ovpages;
   5831 	return 0;
   5832 }
   5833 
   5834 /** Return the data associated with a given node.
   5835  * @param[in] mc The cursor for this operation.
   5836  * @param[in] leaf The node being read.
   5837  * @param[out] data Updated to point to the node's data.
   5838  * @return 0 on success, non-zero on failure.
   5839  */
   5840 static int
   5841 mdb_node_read(MDB_cursor *mc, MDB_node *leaf, MDB_val *data)
   5842 {
   5843 	MDB_page	*omp;		/* overflow page */
   5844 	pgno_t		 pgno;
   5845 	int rc;
   5846 
   5847 	if (!F_ISSET(leaf->mn_flags, F_BIGDATA)) {
   5848 		data->mv_size = NODEDSZ(leaf);
   5849 		data->mv_data = NODEDATA(leaf);
   5850 		return MDB_SUCCESS;
   5851 	}
   5852 
   5853 	/* Read overflow data.
   5854 	 */
   5855 	data->mv_size = NODEDSZ(leaf);
   5856 	memcpy(&pgno, NODEDATA(leaf), sizeof(pgno));
   5857 	if ((rc = mdb_page_get(mc, pgno, &omp, NULL)) != 0) {
   5858 		DPRINTF(("read overflow page %"Z"u failed", pgno));
   5859 		return rc;
   5860 	}
   5861 	data->mv_data = METADATA(omp);
   5862 
   5863 	return MDB_SUCCESS;
   5864 }
   5865 
   5866 int
   5867 mdb_get(MDB_txn *txn, MDB_dbi dbi,
   5868     MDB_val *key, MDB_val *data)
   5869 {
   5870 	MDB_cursor	mc;
   5871 	MDB_xcursor	mx;
   5872 	int exact = 0;
   5873 	DKBUF;
   5874 
   5875 	DPRINTF(("===> get db %u key [%s]", dbi, DKEY(key)));
   5876 
   5877 	if (!key || !data || !TXN_DBI_EXIST(txn, dbi, DB_USRVALID))
   5878 		return EINVAL;
   5879 
   5880 	if (txn->mt_flags & MDB_TXN_BLOCKED)
   5881 		return MDB_BAD_TXN;
   5882 
   5883 	mdb_cursor_init(&mc, txn, dbi, &mx);
   5884 	return mdb_cursor_set(&mc, key, data, MDB_SET, &exact);
   5885 }
   5886 
   5887 /** Find a sibling for a page.
   5888  * Replaces the page at the top of the cursor's stack with the
   5889  * specified sibling, if one exists.
   5890  * @param[in] mc The cursor for this operation.
   5891  * @param[in] move_right Non-zero if the right sibling is requested,
   5892  * otherwise the left sibling.
   5893  * @return 0 on success, non-zero on failure.
   5894  */
   5895 static int
   5896 mdb_cursor_sibling(MDB_cursor *mc, int move_right)
   5897 {
   5898 	int		 rc;
   5899 	MDB_node	*indx;
   5900 	MDB_page	*mp;
   5901 
   5902 	if (mc->mc_snum < 2) {
   5903 		return MDB_NOTFOUND;		/* root has no siblings */
   5904 	}
   5905 
   5906 	mdb_cursor_pop(mc);
   5907 	DPRINTF(("parent page is page %"Z"u, index %u",
   5908 		mc->mc_pg[mc->mc_top]->mp_pgno, mc->mc_ki[mc->mc_top]));
   5909 
   5910 	if (move_right ? (mc->mc_ki[mc->mc_top] + 1u >= NUMKEYS(mc->mc_pg[mc->mc_top]))
   5911 		       : (mc->mc_ki[mc->mc_top] == 0)) {
   5912 		DPRINTF(("no more keys left, moving to %s sibling",
   5913 		    move_right ? "right" : "left"));
   5914 		if ((rc = mdb_cursor_sibling(mc, move_right)) != MDB_SUCCESS) {
   5915 			/* undo cursor_pop before returning */
   5916 			mc->mc_top++;
   5917 			mc->mc_snum++;
   5918 			return rc;
   5919 		}
   5920 	} else {
   5921 		if (move_right)
   5922 			mc->mc_ki[mc->mc_top]++;
   5923 		else
   5924 			mc->mc_ki[mc->mc_top]--;
   5925 		DPRINTF(("just moving to %s index key %u",
   5926 		    move_right ? "right" : "left", mc->mc_ki[mc->mc_top]));
   5927 	}
   5928 	mdb_cassert(mc, IS_BRANCH(mc->mc_pg[mc->mc_top]));
   5929 
   5930 	indx = NODEPTR(mc->mc_pg[mc->mc_top], mc->mc_ki[mc->mc_top]);
   5931 	if ((rc = mdb_page_get(mc, NODEPGNO(indx), &mp, NULL)) != 0) {
   5932 		/* mc will be inconsistent if caller does mc_snum++ as above */
   5933 		mc->mc_flags &= ~(C_INITIALIZED|C_EOF);
   5934 		return rc;
   5935 	}
   5936 
   5937 	mdb_cursor_push(mc, mp);
   5938 	if (!move_right)
   5939 		mc->mc_ki[mc->mc_top] = NUMKEYS(mp)-1;
   5940 
   5941 	return MDB_SUCCESS;
   5942 }
   5943 
   5944 /** Move the cursor to the next data item. */
   5945 static int
   5946 mdb_cursor_next(MDB_cursor *mc, MDB_val *key, MDB_val *data, MDB_cursor_op op)
   5947 {
   5948 	MDB_page	*mp;
   5949 	MDB_node	*leaf;
   5950 	int rc;
   5951 
   5952 	if ((mc->mc_flags & C_DEL && op == MDB_NEXT_DUP))
   5953 		return MDB_NOTFOUND;
   5954 
   5955 	if (!(mc->mc_flags & C_INITIALIZED))
   5956 		return mdb_cursor_first(mc, key, data);
   5957 
   5958 	mp = mc->mc_pg[mc->mc_top];
   5959 
   5960 	if (mc->mc_flags & C_EOF) {
   5961 		if (mc->mc_ki[mc->mc_top] >= NUMKEYS(mp)-1)
   5962 			return MDB_NOTFOUND;
   5963 		mc->mc_flags ^= C_EOF;
   5964 	}
   5965 
   5966 	if (mc->mc_db->md_flags & MDB_DUPSORT) {
   5967 		leaf = NODEPTR(mp, mc->mc_ki[mc->mc_top]);
   5968 		if (F_ISSET(leaf->mn_flags, F_DUPDATA)) {
   5969 			if (op == MDB_NEXT || op == MDB_NEXT_DUP) {
   5970 				rc = mdb_cursor_next(&mc->mc_xcursor->mx_cursor, data, NULL, MDB_NEXT);
   5971 				if (op != MDB_NEXT || rc != MDB_NOTFOUND) {
   5972 					if (rc == MDB_SUCCESS)
   5973 						MDB_GET_KEY(leaf, key);
   5974 					return rc;
   5975 				}
   5976 			}
   5977 		} else {
   5978 			mc->mc_xcursor->mx_cursor.mc_flags &= ~(C_INITIALIZED|C_EOF);
   5979 			if (op == MDB_NEXT_DUP)
   5980 				return MDB_NOTFOUND;
   5981 		}
   5982 	}
   5983 
   5984 	DPRINTF(("cursor_next: top page is %"Z"u in cursor %p",
   5985 		mdb_dbg_pgno(mp), (void *) mc));
   5986 	if (mc->mc_flags & C_DEL) {
   5987 		mc->mc_flags ^= C_DEL;
   5988 		goto skip;
   5989 	}
   5990 
   5991 	if (mc->mc_ki[mc->mc_top] + 1u >= NUMKEYS(mp)) {
   5992 		DPUTS("=====> move to next sibling page");
   5993 		if ((rc = mdb_cursor_sibling(mc, 1)) != MDB_SUCCESS) {
   5994 			mc->mc_flags |= C_EOF;
   5995 			return rc;
   5996 		}
   5997 		mp = mc->mc_pg[mc->mc_top];
   5998 		DPRINTF(("next page is %"Z"u, key index %u", mp->mp_pgno, mc->mc_ki[mc->mc_top]));
   5999 	} else
   6000 		mc->mc_ki[mc->mc_top]++;
   6001 
   6002 skip:
   6003 	DPRINTF(("==> cursor points to page %"Z"u with %u keys, key index %u",
   6004 	    mdb_dbg_pgno(mp), NUMKEYS(mp), mc->mc_ki[mc->mc_top]));
   6005 
   6006 	if (IS_LEAF2(mp)) {
   6007 		key->mv_size = mc->mc_db->md_pad;
   6008 		key->mv_data = LEAF2KEY(mp, mc->mc_ki[mc->mc_top], key->mv_size);
   6009 		return MDB_SUCCESS;
   6010 	}
   6011 
   6012 	mdb_cassert(mc, IS_LEAF(mp));
   6013 	leaf = NODEPTR(mp, mc->mc_ki[mc->mc_top]);
   6014 
   6015 	if (F_ISSET(leaf->mn_flags, F_DUPDATA)) {
   6016 		mdb_xcursor_init1(mc, leaf);
   6017 		rc = mdb_cursor_first(&mc->mc_xcursor->mx_cursor, data, NULL);
   6018 		if (rc != MDB_SUCCESS)
   6019 			return rc;
   6020 	} else if (data) {
   6021 		if ((rc = mdb_node_read(mc, leaf, data)) != MDB_SUCCESS)
   6022 			return rc;
   6023 	}
   6024 
   6025 	MDB_GET_KEY(leaf, key);
   6026 	return MDB_SUCCESS;
   6027 }
   6028 
   6029 /** Move the cursor to the previous data item. */
   6030 static int
   6031 mdb_cursor_prev(MDB_cursor *mc, MDB_val *key, MDB_val *data, MDB_cursor_op op)
   6032 {
   6033 	MDB_page	*mp;
   6034 	MDB_node	*leaf;
   6035 	int rc;
   6036 
   6037 	if (!(mc->mc_flags & C_INITIALIZED)) {
   6038 		rc = mdb_cursor_last(mc, key, data);
   6039 		if (rc)
   6040 			return rc;
   6041 		mc->mc_ki[mc->mc_top]++;
   6042 	}
   6043 
   6044 	mp = mc->mc_pg[mc->mc_top];
   6045 
   6046 	if ((mc->mc_db->md_flags & MDB_DUPSORT) &&
   6047 		mc->mc_ki[mc->mc_top] < NUMKEYS(mp)) {
   6048 		leaf = NODEPTR(mp, mc->mc_ki[mc->mc_top]);
   6049 		if (F_ISSET(leaf->mn_flags, F_DUPDATA)) {
   6050 			if (op == MDB_PREV || op == MDB_PREV_DUP) {
   6051 				rc = mdb_cursor_prev(&mc->mc_xcursor->mx_cursor, data, NULL, MDB_PREV);
   6052 				if (op != MDB_PREV || rc != MDB_NOTFOUND) {
   6053 					if (rc == MDB_SUCCESS) {
   6054 						MDB_GET_KEY(leaf, key);
   6055 						mc->mc_flags &= ~C_EOF;
   6056 					}
   6057 					return rc;
   6058 				}
   6059 			}
   6060 		} else {
   6061 			mc->mc_xcursor->mx_cursor.mc_flags &= ~(C_INITIALIZED|C_EOF);
   6062 			if (op == MDB_PREV_DUP)
   6063 				return MDB_NOTFOUND;
   6064 		}
   6065 	}
   6066 
   6067 	DPRINTF(("cursor_prev: top page is %"Z"u in cursor %p",
   6068 		mdb_dbg_pgno(mp), (void *) mc));
   6069 
   6070 	mc->mc_flags &= ~(C_EOF|C_DEL);
   6071 
   6072 	if (mc->mc_ki[mc->mc_top] == 0)  {
   6073 		DPUTS("=====> move to prev sibling page");
   6074 		if ((rc = mdb_cursor_sibling(mc, 0)) != MDB_SUCCESS) {
   6075 			return rc;
   6076 		}
   6077 		mp = mc->mc_pg[mc->mc_top];
   6078 		mc->mc_ki[mc->mc_top] = NUMKEYS(mp) - 1;
   6079 		DPRINTF(("prev page is %"Z"u, key index %u", mp->mp_pgno, mc->mc_ki[mc->mc_top]));
   6080 	} else
   6081 		mc->mc_ki[mc->mc_top]--;
   6082 
   6083 	DPRINTF(("==> cursor points to page %"Z"u with %u keys, key index %u",
   6084 	    mdb_dbg_pgno(mp), NUMKEYS(mp), mc->mc_ki[mc->mc_top]));
   6085 
   6086 	if (!IS_LEAF(mp))
   6087 		return MDB_CORRUPTED;
   6088 
   6089 	if (IS_LEAF2(mp)) {
   6090 		key->mv_size = mc->mc_db->md_pad;
   6091 		key->mv_data = LEAF2KEY(mp, mc->mc_ki[mc->mc_top], key->mv_size);
   6092 		return MDB_SUCCESS;
   6093 	}
   6094 
   6095 	leaf = NODEPTR(mp, mc->mc_ki[mc->mc_top]);
   6096 
   6097 	if (F_ISSET(leaf->mn_flags, F_DUPDATA)) {
   6098 		mdb_xcursor_init1(mc, leaf);
   6099 		rc = mdb_cursor_last(&mc->mc_xcursor->mx_cursor, data, NULL);
   6100 		if (rc != MDB_SUCCESS)
   6101 			return rc;
   6102 	} else if (data) {
   6103 		if ((rc = mdb_node_read(mc, leaf, data)) != MDB_SUCCESS)
   6104 			return rc;
   6105 	}
   6106 
   6107 	MDB_GET_KEY(leaf, key);
   6108 	return MDB_SUCCESS;
   6109 }
   6110 
   6111 /** Set the cursor on a specific data item. */
   6112 static int
   6113 mdb_cursor_set(MDB_cursor *mc, MDB_val *key, MDB_val *data,
   6114     MDB_cursor_op op, int *exactp)
   6115 {
   6116 	int		 rc;
   6117 	MDB_page	*mp;
   6118 	MDB_node	*leaf = NULL;
   6119 	DKBUF;
   6120 
   6121 	if (key->mv_size == 0)
   6122 		return MDB_BAD_VALSIZE;
   6123 
   6124 	if (mc->mc_xcursor)
   6125 		mc->mc_xcursor->mx_cursor.mc_flags &= ~(C_INITIALIZED|C_EOF);
   6126 
   6127 	/* See if we're already on the right page */
   6128 	if (mc->mc_flags & C_INITIALIZED) {
   6129 		MDB_val nodekey;
   6130 
   6131 		mp = mc->mc_pg[mc->mc_top];
   6132 		if (!NUMKEYS(mp)) {
   6133 			mc->mc_ki[mc->mc_top] = 0;
   6134 			return MDB_NOTFOUND;
   6135 		}
   6136 		if (MP_FLAGS(mp) & P_LEAF2) {
   6137 			nodekey.mv_size = mc->mc_db->md_pad;
   6138 			nodekey.mv_data = LEAF2KEY(mp, 0, nodekey.mv_size);
   6139 		} else {
   6140 			leaf = NODEPTR(mp, 0);
   6141 			MDB_GET_KEY2(leaf, nodekey);
   6142 		}
   6143 		rc = mc->mc_dbx->md_cmp(key, &nodekey);
   6144 		if (rc == 0) {
   6145 			/* Probably happens rarely, but first node on the page
   6146 			 * was the one we wanted.
   6147 			 */
   6148 			mc->mc_ki[mc->mc_top] = 0;
   6149 			if (exactp)
   6150 				*exactp = 1;
   6151 			goto set1;
   6152 		}
   6153 		if (rc > 0) {
   6154 			unsigned int i;
   6155 			unsigned int nkeys = NUMKEYS(mp);
   6156 			if (nkeys > 1) {
   6157 				if (MP_FLAGS(mp) & P_LEAF2) {
   6158 					nodekey.mv_data = LEAF2KEY(mp,
   6159 						 nkeys-1, nodekey.mv_size);
   6160 				} else {
   6161 					leaf = NODEPTR(mp, nkeys-1);
   6162 					MDB_GET_KEY2(leaf, nodekey);
   6163 				}
   6164 				rc = mc->mc_dbx->md_cmp(key, &nodekey);
   6165 				if (rc == 0) {
   6166 					/* last node was the one we wanted */
   6167 					mc->mc_ki[mc->mc_top] = nkeys-1;
   6168 					if (exactp)
   6169 						*exactp = 1;
   6170 					goto set1;
   6171 				}
   6172 				if (rc < 0) {
   6173 					if (mc->mc_ki[mc->mc_top] < NUMKEYS(mp)) {
   6174 						/* This is definitely the right page, skip search_page */
   6175 						if (MP_FLAGS(mp) & P_LEAF2) {
   6176 							nodekey.mv_data = LEAF2KEY(mp,
   6177 								 mc->mc_ki[mc->mc_top], nodekey.mv_size);
   6178 						} else {
   6179 							leaf = NODEPTR(mp, mc->mc_ki[mc->mc_top]);
   6180 							MDB_GET_KEY2(leaf, nodekey);
   6181 						}
   6182 						rc = mc->mc_dbx->md_cmp(key, &nodekey);
   6183 						if (rc == 0) {
   6184 							/* current node was the one we wanted */
   6185 							if (exactp)
   6186 								*exactp = 1;
   6187 							goto set1;
   6188 						}
   6189 					}
   6190 					rc = 0;
   6191 					mc->mc_flags &= ~C_EOF;
   6192 					goto set2;
   6193 				}
   6194 			}
   6195 			/* If any parents have right-sibs, search.
   6196 			 * Otherwise, there's nothing further.
   6197 			 */
   6198 			for (i=0; i<mc->mc_top; i++)
   6199 				if (mc->mc_ki[i] <
   6200 					NUMKEYS(mc->mc_pg[i])-1)
   6201 					break;
   6202 			if (i == mc->mc_top) {
   6203 				/* There are no other pages */
   6204 				mc->mc_ki[mc->mc_top] = nkeys;
   6205 				return MDB_NOTFOUND;
   6206 			}
   6207 		}
   6208 		if (!mc->mc_top) {
   6209 			/* There are no other pages */
   6210 			mc->mc_ki[mc->mc_top] = 0;
   6211 			if (op == MDB_SET_RANGE && !exactp) {
   6212 				rc = 0;
   6213 				goto set1;
   6214 			} else
   6215 				return MDB_NOTFOUND;
   6216 		}
   6217 	} else {
   6218 		mc->mc_pg[0] = 0;
   6219 	}
   6220 
   6221 	rc = mdb_page_search(mc, key, 0);
   6222 	if (rc != MDB_SUCCESS)
   6223 		return rc;
   6224 
   6225 	mp = mc->mc_pg[mc->mc_top];
   6226 	mdb_cassert(mc, IS_LEAF(mp));
   6227 
   6228 set2:
   6229 	leaf = mdb_node_search(mc, key, exactp);
   6230 	if (exactp != NULL && !*exactp) {
   6231 		/* MDB_SET specified and not an exact match. */
   6232 		return MDB_NOTFOUND;
   6233 	}
   6234 
   6235 	if (leaf == NULL) {
   6236 		DPUTS("===> inexact leaf not found, goto sibling");
   6237 		if ((rc = mdb_cursor_sibling(mc, 1)) != MDB_SUCCESS) {
   6238 			mc->mc_flags |= C_EOF;
   6239 			return rc;		/* no entries matched */
   6240 		}
   6241 		mp = mc->mc_pg[mc->mc_top];
   6242 		mdb_cassert(mc, IS_LEAF(mp));
   6243 		leaf = NODEPTR(mp, 0);
   6244 	}
   6245 
   6246 set1:
   6247 	mc->mc_flags |= C_INITIALIZED;
   6248 	mc->mc_flags &= ~C_EOF;
   6249 
   6250 	if (IS_LEAF2(mp)) {
   6251 		if (op == MDB_SET_RANGE || op == MDB_SET_KEY) {
   6252 			key->mv_size = mc->mc_db->md_pad;
   6253 			key->mv_data = LEAF2KEY(mp, mc->mc_ki[mc->mc_top], key->mv_size);
   6254 		}
   6255 		return MDB_SUCCESS;
   6256 	}
   6257 
   6258 	if (F_ISSET(leaf->mn_flags, F_DUPDATA)) {
   6259 		mdb_xcursor_init1(mc, leaf);
   6260 		if (op == MDB_SET || op == MDB_SET_KEY || op == MDB_SET_RANGE) {
   6261 			rc = mdb_cursor_first(&mc->mc_xcursor->mx_cursor, data, NULL);
   6262 		} else {
   6263 			int ex2, *ex2p;
   6264 			if (op == MDB_GET_BOTH) {
   6265 				ex2p = &ex2;
   6266 				ex2 = 0;
   6267 			} else {
   6268 				ex2p = NULL;
   6269 			}
   6270 			rc = mdb_cursor_set(&mc->mc_xcursor->mx_cursor, data, NULL, MDB_SET_RANGE, ex2p);
   6271 			if (rc != MDB_SUCCESS)
   6272 				return rc;
   6273 		}
   6274 	} else if (data) {
   6275 		if (op == MDB_GET_BOTH || op == MDB_GET_BOTH_RANGE) {
   6276 			MDB_val olddata;
   6277 			MDB_cmp_func *dcmp;
   6278 			if ((rc = mdb_node_read(mc, leaf, &olddata)) != MDB_SUCCESS)
   6279 				return rc;
   6280 			dcmp = mc->mc_dbx->md_dcmp;
   6281 #if UINT_MAX < SIZE_MAX
   6282 			if (dcmp == mdb_cmp_int && olddata.mv_size == sizeof(size_t))
   6283 				dcmp = mdb_cmp_clong;
   6284 #endif
   6285 			rc = dcmp(data, &olddata);
   6286 			if (rc) {
   6287 				if (op == MDB_GET_BOTH || rc > 0)
   6288 					return MDB_NOTFOUND;
   6289 				rc = 0;
   6290 			}
   6291 			*data = olddata;
   6292 
   6293 		} else {
   6294 			if (mc->mc_xcursor)
   6295 				mc->mc_xcursor->mx_cursor.mc_flags &= ~(C_INITIALIZED|C_EOF);
   6296 			if ((rc = mdb_node_read(mc, leaf, data)) != MDB_SUCCESS)
   6297 				return rc;
   6298 		}
   6299 	}
   6300 
   6301 	/* The key already matches in all other cases */
   6302 	if (op == MDB_SET_RANGE || op == MDB_SET_KEY)
   6303 		MDB_GET_KEY(leaf, key);
   6304 	DPRINTF(("==> cursor placed on key [%s]", DKEY(key)));
   6305 
   6306 	return rc;
   6307 }
   6308 
   6309 /** Move the cursor to the first item in the database. */
   6310 static int
   6311 mdb_cursor_first(MDB_cursor *mc, MDB_val *key, MDB_val *data)
   6312 {
   6313 	int		 rc;
   6314 	MDB_node	*leaf;
   6315 
   6316 	if (mc->mc_xcursor)
   6317 		mc->mc_xcursor->mx_cursor.mc_flags &= ~(C_INITIALIZED|C_EOF);
   6318 
   6319 	if (!(mc->mc_flags & C_INITIALIZED) || mc->mc_top) {
   6320 		rc = mdb_page_search(mc, NULL, MDB_PS_FIRST);
   6321 		if (rc != MDB_SUCCESS)
   6322 			return rc;
   6323 	}
   6324 	mdb_cassert(mc, IS_LEAF(mc->mc_pg[mc->mc_top]));
   6325 
   6326 	leaf = NODEPTR(mc->mc_pg[mc->mc_top], 0);
   6327 	mc->mc_flags |= C_INITIALIZED;
   6328 	mc->mc_flags &= ~C_EOF;
   6329 
   6330 	mc->mc_ki[mc->mc_top] = 0;
   6331 
   6332 	if (IS_LEAF2(mc->mc_pg[mc->mc_top])) {
   6333 		if ( key ) {
   6334 			key->mv_size = mc->mc_db->md_pad;
   6335 			key->mv_data = LEAF2KEY(mc->mc_pg[mc->mc_top], 0, key->mv_size);
   6336 		}
   6337 		return MDB_SUCCESS;
   6338 	}
   6339 
   6340 	if (F_ISSET(leaf->mn_flags, F_DUPDATA)) {
   6341 		mdb_xcursor_init1(mc, leaf);
   6342 		rc = mdb_cursor_first(&mc->mc_xcursor->mx_cursor, data, NULL);
   6343 		if (rc)
   6344 			return rc;
   6345 	} else if (data) {
   6346 		if ((rc = mdb_node_read(mc, leaf, data)) != MDB_SUCCESS)
   6347 			return rc;
   6348 	}
   6349 
   6350 	MDB_GET_KEY(leaf, key);
   6351 	return MDB_SUCCESS;
   6352 }
   6353 
   6354 /** Move the cursor to the last item in the database. */
   6355 static int
   6356 mdb_cursor_last(MDB_cursor *mc, MDB_val *key, MDB_val *data)
   6357 {
   6358 	int		 rc;
   6359 	MDB_node	*leaf;
   6360 
   6361 	if (mc->mc_xcursor)
   6362 		mc->mc_xcursor->mx_cursor.mc_flags &= ~(C_INITIALIZED|C_EOF);
   6363 
   6364 	if (!(mc->mc_flags & C_INITIALIZED) || mc->mc_top) {
   6365 		rc = mdb_page_search(mc, NULL, MDB_PS_LAST);
   6366 		if (rc != MDB_SUCCESS)
   6367 			return rc;
   6368 	}
   6369 	mdb_cassert(mc, IS_LEAF(mc->mc_pg[mc->mc_top]));
   6370 
   6371 	mc->mc_ki[mc->mc_top] = NUMKEYS(mc->mc_pg[mc->mc_top]) - 1;
   6372 	mc->mc_flags |= C_INITIALIZED|C_EOF;
   6373 	leaf = NODEPTR(mc->mc_pg[mc->mc_top], mc->mc_ki[mc->mc_top]);
   6374 
   6375 	if (IS_LEAF2(mc->mc_pg[mc->mc_top])) {
   6376 		if (key) {
   6377 			key->mv_size = mc->mc_db->md_pad;
   6378 			key->mv_data = LEAF2KEY(mc->mc_pg[mc->mc_top], mc->mc_ki[mc->mc_top], key->mv_size);
   6379 		}
   6380 		return MDB_SUCCESS;
   6381 	}
   6382 
   6383 	if (F_ISSET(leaf->mn_flags, F_DUPDATA)) {
   6384 		mdb_xcursor_init1(mc, leaf);
   6385 		rc = mdb_cursor_last(&mc->mc_xcursor->mx_cursor, data, NULL);
   6386 		if (rc)
   6387 			return rc;
   6388 	} else if (data) {
   6389 		if ((rc = mdb_node_read(mc, leaf, data)) != MDB_SUCCESS)
   6390 			return rc;
   6391 	}
   6392 
   6393 	MDB_GET_KEY(leaf, key);
   6394 	return MDB_SUCCESS;
   6395 }
   6396 
   6397 int
   6398 mdb_cursor_get(MDB_cursor *mc, MDB_val *key, MDB_val *data,
   6399     MDB_cursor_op op)
   6400 {
   6401 	int		 rc;
   6402 	int		 exact = 0;
   6403 	int		 (*mfunc)(MDB_cursor *mc, MDB_val *key, MDB_val *data);
   6404 
   6405 	if (mc == NULL)
   6406 		return EINVAL;
   6407 
   6408 	if (mc->mc_txn->mt_flags & MDB_TXN_BLOCKED)
   6409 		return MDB_BAD_TXN;
   6410 
   6411 	switch (op) {
   6412 	case MDB_GET_CURRENT:
   6413 		if (!(mc->mc_flags & C_INITIALIZED)) {
   6414 			rc = EINVAL;
   6415 		} else {
   6416 			MDB_page *mp = mc->mc_pg[mc->mc_top];
   6417 			int nkeys = NUMKEYS(mp);
   6418 			if (!nkeys || mc->mc_ki[mc->mc_top] >= nkeys) {
   6419 				mc->mc_ki[mc->mc_top] = nkeys;
   6420 				rc = MDB_NOTFOUND;
   6421 				break;
   6422 			}
   6423 			rc = MDB_SUCCESS;
   6424 			if (IS_LEAF2(mp)) {
   6425 				key->mv_size = mc->mc_db->md_pad;
   6426 				key->mv_data = LEAF2KEY(mp, mc->mc_ki[mc->mc_top], key->mv_size);
   6427 			} else {
   6428 				MDB_node *leaf = NODEPTR(mp, mc->mc_ki[mc->mc_top]);
   6429 				MDB_GET_KEY(leaf, key);
   6430 				if (data) {
   6431 					if (F_ISSET(leaf->mn_flags, F_DUPDATA)) {
   6432 						rc = mdb_cursor_get(&mc->mc_xcursor->mx_cursor, data, NULL, MDB_GET_CURRENT);
   6433 					} else {
   6434 						rc = mdb_node_read(mc, leaf, data);
   6435 					}
   6436 				}
   6437 			}
   6438 		}
   6439 		break;
   6440 	case MDB_GET_BOTH:
   6441 	case MDB_GET_BOTH_RANGE:
   6442 		if (data == NULL) {
   6443 			rc = EINVAL;
   6444 			break;
   6445 		}
   6446 		if (mc->mc_xcursor == NULL) {
   6447 			rc = MDB_INCOMPATIBLE;
   6448 			break;
   6449 		}
   6450 		/* FALLTHRU */
   6451 	case MDB_SET:
   6452 	case MDB_SET_KEY:
   6453 	case MDB_SET_RANGE:
   6454 		if (key == NULL) {
   6455 			rc = EINVAL;
   6456 		} else {
   6457 			rc = mdb_cursor_set(mc, key, data, op,
   6458 				op == MDB_SET_RANGE ? NULL : &exact);
   6459 		}
   6460 		break;
   6461 	case MDB_GET_MULTIPLE:
   6462 		if (data == NULL || !(mc->mc_flags & C_INITIALIZED)) {
   6463 			rc = EINVAL;
   6464 			break;
   6465 		}
   6466 		if (!(mc->mc_db->md_flags & MDB_DUPFIXED)) {
   6467 			rc = MDB_INCOMPATIBLE;
   6468 			break;
   6469 		}
   6470 		rc = MDB_SUCCESS;
   6471 		if (!(mc->mc_xcursor->mx_cursor.mc_flags & C_INITIALIZED) ||
   6472 			(mc->mc_xcursor->mx_cursor.mc_flags & C_EOF))
   6473 			break;
   6474 		goto fetchm;
   6475 	case MDB_NEXT_MULTIPLE:
   6476 		if (data == NULL) {
   6477 			rc = EINVAL;
   6478 			break;
   6479 		}
   6480 		if (!(mc->mc_db->md_flags & MDB_DUPFIXED)) {
   6481 			rc = MDB_INCOMPATIBLE;
   6482 			break;
   6483 		}
   6484 		rc = mdb_cursor_next(mc, key, data, MDB_NEXT_DUP);
   6485 		if (rc == MDB_SUCCESS) {
   6486 			if (mc->mc_xcursor->mx_cursor.mc_flags & C_INITIALIZED) {
   6487 				MDB_cursor *mx;
   6488 fetchm:
   6489 				mx = &mc->mc_xcursor->mx_cursor;
   6490 				data->mv_size = NUMKEYS(mx->mc_pg[mx->mc_top]) *
   6491 					mx->mc_db->md_pad;
   6492 				data->mv_data = METADATA(mx->mc_pg[mx->mc_top]);
   6493 				mx->mc_ki[mx->mc_top] = NUMKEYS(mx->mc_pg[mx->mc_top])-1;
   6494 			} else {
   6495 				rc = MDB_NOTFOUND;
   6496 			}
   6497 		}
   6498 		break;
   6499 	case MDB_PREV_MULTIPLE:
   6500 		if (data == NULL) {
   6501 			rc = EINVAL;
   6502 			break;
   6503 		}
   6504 		if (!(mc->mc_db->md_flags & MDB_DUPFIXED)) {
   6505 			rc = MDB_INCOMPATIBLE;
   6506 			break;
   6507 		}
   6508 		if (!(mc->mc_flags & C_INITIALIZED))
   6509 			rc = mdb_cursor_last(mc, key, data);
   6510 		else
   6511 			rc = MDB_SUCCESS;
   6512 		if (rc == MDB_SUCCESS) {
   6513 			MDB_cursor *mx = &mc->mc_xcursor->mx_cursor;
   6514 			if (mx->mc_flags & C_INITIALIZED) {
   6515 				rc = mdb_cursor_sibling(mx, 0);
   6516 				if (rc == MDB_SUCCESS)
   6517 					goto fetchm;
   6518 			} else {
   6519 				rc = MDB_NOTFOUND;
   6520 			}
   6521 		}
   6522 		break;
   6523 	case MDB_NEXT:
   6524 	case MDB_NEXT_DUP:
   6525 	case MDB_NEXT_NODUP:
   6526 		rc = mdb_cursor_next(mc, key, data, op);
   6527 		break;
   6528 	case MDB_PREV:
   6529 	case MDB_PREV_DUP:
   6530 	case MDB_PREV_NODUP:
   6531 		rc = mdb_cursor_prev(mc, key, data, op);
   6532 		break;
   6533 	case MDB_FIRST:
   6534 		rc = mdb_cursor_first(mc, key, data);
   6535 		break;
   6536 	case MDB_FIRST_DUP:
   6537 		mfunc = mdb_cursor_first;
   6538 	mmove:
   6539 		if (data == NULL || !(mc->mc_flags & C_INITIALIZED)) {
   6540 			rc = EINVAL;
   6541 			break;
   6542 		}
   6543 		if (mc->mc_xcursor == NULL) {
   6544 			rc = MDB_INCOMPATIBLE;
   6545 			break;
   6546 		}
   6547 		if (mc->mc_ki[mc->mc_top] >= NUMKEYS(mc->mc_pg[mc->mc_top])) {
   6548 			mc->mc_ki[mc->mc_top] = NUMKEYS(mc->mc_pg[mc->mc_top]);
   6549 			rc = MDB_NOTFOUND;
   6550 			break;
   6551 		}
   6552 		mc->mc_flags &= ~C_EOF;
   6553 		{
   6554 			MDB_node *leaf = NODEPTR(mc->mc_pg[mc->mc_top], mc->mc_ki[mc->mc_top]);
   6555 			if (!F_ISSET(leaf->mn_flags, F_DUPDATA)) {
   6556 				MDB_GET_KEY(leaf, key);
   6557 				rc = mdb_node_read(mc, leaf, data);
   6558 				break;
   6559 			}
   6560 		}
   6561 		if (!(mc->mc_xcursor->mx_cursor.mc_flags & C_INITIALIZED)) {
   6562 			rc = EINVAL;
   6563 			break;
   6564 		}
   6565 		rc = mfunc(&mc->mc_xcursor->mx_cursor, data, NULL);
   6566 		break;
   6567 	case MDB_LAST:
   6568 		rc = mdb_cursor_last(mc, key, data);
   6569 		break;
   6570 	case MDB_LAST_DUP:
   6571 		mfunc = mdb_cursor_last;
   6572 		goto mmove;
   6573 	default:
   6574 		DPRINTF(("unhandled/unimplemented cursor operation %u", op));
   6575 		rc = EINVAL;
   6576 		break;
   6577 	}
   6578 
   6579 	if (mc->mc_flags & C_DEL)
   6580 		mc->mc_flags ^= C_DEL;
   6581 
   6582 	return rc;
   6583 }
   6584 
   6585 /** Touch all the pages in the cursor stack. Set mc_top.
   6586  *	Makes sure all the pages are writable, before attempting a write operation.
   6587  * @param[in] mc The cursor to operate on.
   6588  */
   6589 static int
   6590 mdb_cursor_touch(MDB_cursor *mc)
   6591 {
   6592 	int rc = MDB_SUCCESS;
   6593 
   6594 	if (mc->mc_dbi >= CORE_DBS && !(*mc->mc_dbflag & (DB_DIRTY|DB_DUPDATA))) {
   6595 		/* Touch DB record of named DB */
   6596 		MDB_cursor mc2;
   6597 		MDB_xcursor mcx;
   6598 		if (TXN_DBI_CHANGED(mc->mc_txn, mc->mc_dbi))
   6599 			return MDB_BAD_DBI;
   6600 		mdb_cursor_init(&mc2, mc->mc_txn, MAIN_DBI, &mcx);
   6601 		rc = mdb_page_search(&mc2, &mc->mc_dbx->md_name, MDB_PS_MODIFY);
   6602 		if (rc)
   6603 			 return rc;
   6604 		*mc->mc_dbflag |= DB_DIRTY;
   6605 	}
   6606 	mc->mc_top = 0;
   6607 	if (mc->mc_snum) {
   6608 		do {
   6609 			rc = mdb_page_touch(mc);
   6610 		} while (!rc && ++(mc->mc_top) < mc->mc_snum);
   6611 		mc->mc_top = mc->mc_snum-1;
   6612 	}
   6613 	return rc;
   6614 }
   6615 
   6616 /** Do not spill pages to disk if txn is getting full, may fail instead */
   6617 #define MDB_NOSPILL	0x8000
   6618 
   6619 static int
   6620 _mdb_cursor_put(MDB_cursor *mc, MDB_val *key, MDB_val *data,
   6621     unsigned int flags)
   6622 {
   6623 	MDB_env		*env;
   6624 	MDB_node	*leaf = NULL;
   6625 	MDB_page	*fp, *mp, *sub_root = NULL;
   6626 	uint16_t	fp_flags;
   6627 	MDB_val		xdata, *rdata, dkey, olddata;
   6628 	MDB_db dummy;
   6629 	int do_sub = 0, insert_key, insert_data;
   6630 	unsigned int mcount = 0, dcount = 0, nospill;
   6631 	size_t nsize;
   6632 	int rc, rc2;
   6633 	unsigned int nflags;
   6634 	DKBUF;
   6635 
   6636 	if (mc == NULL || key == NULL)
   6637 		return EINVAL;
   6638 
   6639 	env = mc->mc_txn->mt_env;
   6640 
   6641 	/* Check this first so counter will always be zero on any
   6642 	 * early failures.
   6643 	 */
   6644 	if (flags & MDB_MULTIPLE) {
   6645 		dcount = data[1].mv_size;
   6646 		data[1].mv_size = 0;
   6647 		if (!F_ISSET(mc->mc_db->md_flags, MDB_DUPFIXED))
   6648 			return MDB_INCOMPATIBLE;
   6649 	}
   6650 
   6651 	nospill = flags & MDB_NOSPILL;
   6652 	flags &= ~MDB_NOSPILL;
   6653 
   6654 	if (mc->mc_txn->mt_flags & (MDB_TXN_RDONLY|MDB_TXN_BLOCKED))
   6655 		return (mc->mc_txn->mt_flags & MDB_TXN_RDONLY) ? EACCES : MDB_BAD_TXN;
   6656 
   6657 	if (key->mv_size-1 >= ENV_MAXKEY(env))
   6658 		return MDB_BAD_VALSIZE;
   6659 
   6660 #if SIZE_MAX > MAXDATASIZE
   6661 	if (data->mv_size > ((mc->mc_db->md_flags & MDB_DUPSORT) ? ENV_MAXKEY(env) : MAXDATASIZE))
   6662 		return MDB_BAD_VALSIZE;
   6663 #else
   6664 	if ((mc->mc_db->md_flags & MDB_DUPSORT) && data->mv_size > ENV_MAXKEY(env))
   6665 		return MDB_BAD_VALSIZE;
   6666 #endif
   6667 
   6668 	DPRINTF(("==> put db %d key [%s], size %"Z"u, data size %"Z"u",
   6669 		DDBI(mc), DKEY(key), key ? key->mv_size : 0, data->mv_size));
   6670 
   6671 	dkey.mv_size = 0;
   6672 
   6673 	if (flags & MDB_CURRENT) {
   6674 		if (!(mc->mc_flags & C_INITIALIZED))
   6675 			return EINVAL;
   6676 		rc = MDB_SUCCESS;
   6677 	} else if (mc->mc_db->md_root == P_INVALID) {
   6678 		/* new database, cursor has nothing to point to */
   6679 		mc->mc_snum = 0;
   6680 		mc->mc_top = 0;
   6681 		mc->mc_flags &= ~C_INITIALIZED;
   6682 		rc = MDB_NO_ROOT;
   6683 	} else {
   6684 		int exact = 0;
   6685 		MDB_val d2;
   6686 		if (flags & MDB_APPEND) {
   6687 			MDB_val k2;
   6688 			rc = mdb_cursor_last(mc, &k2, &d2);
   6689 			if (rc == 0) {
   6690 				rc = mc->mc_dbx->md_cmp(key, &k2);
   6691 				if (rc > 0) {
   6692 					rc = MDB_NOTFOUND;
   6693 					mc->mc_ki[mc->mc_top]++;
   6694 				} else {
   6695 					/* new key is <= last key */
   6696 					rc = MDB_KEYEXIST;
   6697 				}
   6698 			}
   6699 		} else {
   6700 			rc = mdb_cursor_set(mc, key, &d2, MDB_SET, &exact);
   6701 		}
   6702 		if ((flags & MDB_NOOVERWRITE) && rc == 0) {
   6703 			DPRINTF(("duplicate key [%s]", DKEY(key)));
   6704 			*data = d2;
   6705 			return MDB_KEYEXIST;
   6706 		}
   6707 		if (rc && rc != MDB_NOTFOUND)
   6708 			return rc;
   6709 	}
   6710 
   6711 	if (mc->mc_flags & C_DEL)
   6712 		mc->mc_flags ^= C_DEL;
   6713 
   6714 	/* Cursor is positioned, check for room in the dirty list */
   6715 	if (!nospill) {
   6716 		if (flags & MDB_MULTIPLE) {
   6717 			rdata = &xdata;
   6718 			xdata.mv_size = data->mv_size * dcount;
   6719 		} else {
   6720 			rdata = data;
   6721 		}
   6722 		if ((rc2 = mdb_page_spill(mc, key, rdata)))
   6723 			return rc2;
   6724 	}
   6725 
   6726 	if (rc == MDB_NO_ROOT) {
   6727 		MDB_page *np;
   6728 		/* new database, write a root leaf page */
   6729 		DPUTS("allocating new root leaf page");
   6730 		if ((rc2 = mdb_page_new(mc, P_LEAF, 1, &np))) {
   6731 			return rc2;
   6732 		}
   6733 		mdb_cursor_push(mc, np);
   6734 		mc->mc_db->md_root = np->mp_pgno;
   6735 		mc->mc_db->md_depth++;
   6736 		*mc->mc_dbflag |= DB_DIRTY;
   6737 		if ((mc->mc_db->md_flags & (MDB_DUPSORT|MDB_DUPFIXED))
   6738 			== MDB_DUPFIXED)
   6739 			MP_FLAGS(np) |= P_LEAF2;
   6740 		mc->mc_flags |= C_INITIALIZED;
   6741 	} else {
   6742 		/* make sure all cursor pages are writable */
   6743 		rc2 = mdb_cursor_touch(mc);
   6744 		if (rc2)
   6745 			return rc2;
   6746 	}
   6747 
   6748 	insert_key = insert_data = rc;
   6749 	if (insert_key) {
   6750 		/* The key does not exist */
   6751 		DPRINTF(("inserting key at index %i", mc->mc_ki[mc->mc_top]));
   6752 		if ((mc->mc_db->md_flags & MDB_DUPSORT) &&
   6753 			LEAFSIZE(key, data) > env->me_nodemax)
   6754 		{
   6755 			/* Too big for a node, insert in sub-DB.  Set up an empty
   6756 			 * "old sub-page" for prep_subDB to expand to a full page.
   6757 			 */
   6758 			fp_flags = P_LEAF|P_DIRTY;
   6759 			fp = env->me_pbuf;
   6760 			fp->mp_pad = data->mv_size; /* used if MDB_DUPFIXED */
   6761 			MP_LOWER(fp) = MP_UPPER(fp) = (PAGEHDRSZ-PAGEBASE);
   6762 			olddata.mv_size = PAGEHDRSZ;
   6763 			goto prep_subDB;
   6764 		}
   6765 	} else {
   6766 		/* there's only a key anyway, so this is a no-op */
   6767 		if (IS_LEAF2(mc->mc_pg[mc->mc_top])) {
   6768 			char *ptr;
   6769 			unsigned int ksize = mc->mc_db->md_pad;
   6770 			if (key->mv_size != ksize)
   6771 				return MDB_BAD_VALSIZE;
   6772 			ptr = LEAF2KEY(mc->mc_pg[mc->mc_top], mc->mc_ki[mc->mc_top], ksize);
   6773 			memcpy(ptr, key->mv_data, ksize);
   6774 fix_parent:
   6775 			/* if overwriting slot 0 of leaf, need to
   6776 			 * update branch key if there is a parent page
   6777 			 */
   6778 			if (mc->mc_top && !mc->mc_ki[mc->mc_top]) {
   6779 				unsigned short dtop = 1;
   6780 				mc->mc_top--;
   6781 				/* slot 0 is always an empty key, find real slot */
   6782 				while (mc->mc_top && !mc->mc_ki[mc->mc_top]) {
   6783 					mc->mc_top--;
   6784 					dtop++;
   6785 				}
   6786 				if (mc->mc_ki[mc->mc_top])
   6787 					rc2 = mdb_update_key(mc, key);
   6788 				else
   6789 					rc2 = MDB_SUCCESS;
   6790 				mc->mc_top += dtop;
   6791 				if (rc2)
   6792 					return rc2;
   6793 			}
   6794 			return MDB_SUCCESS;
   6795 		}
   6796 
   6797 more:
   6798 		leaf = NODEPTR(mc->mc_pg[mc->mc_top], mc->mc_ki[mc->mc_top]);
   6799 		olddata.mv_size = NODEDSZ(leaf);
   6800 		olddata.mv_data = NODEDATA(leaf);
   6801 
   6802 		/* DB has dups? */
   6803 		if (F_ISSET(mc->mc_db->md_flags, MDB_DUPSORT)) {
   6804 			/* Prepare (sub-)page/sub-DB to accept the new item,
   6805 			 * if needed.  fp: old sub-page or a header faking
   6806 			 * it.  mp: new (sub-)page.  offset: growth in page
   6807 			 * size.  xdata: node data with new page or DB.
   6808 			 */
   6809 			unsigned	i, offset = 0;
   6810 			mp = fp = xdata.mv_data = env->me_pbuf;
   6811 			mp->mp_pgno = mc->mc_pg[mc->mc_top]->mp_pgno;
   6812 
   6813 			/* Was a single item before, must convert now */
   6814 			if (!F_ISSET(leaf->mn_flags, F_DUPDATA)) {
   6815 				MDB_cmp_func *dcmp;
   6816 				/* Just overwrite the current item */
   6817 				if (flags == MDB_CURRENT)
   6818 					goto current;
   6819 				dcmp = mc->mc_dbx->md_dcmp;
   6820 #if UINT_MAX < SIZE_MAX
   6821 				if (dcmp == mdb_cmp_int && olddata.mv_size == sizeof(size_t))
   6822 					dcmp = mdb_cmp_clong;
   6823 #endif
   6824 				/* does data match? */
   6825 				if (!dcmp(data, &olddata)) {
   6826 					if (flags & (MDB_NODUPDATA|MDB_APPENDDUP))
   6827 						return MDB_KEYEXIST;
   6828 					/* overwrite it */
   6829 					goto current;
   6830 				}
   6831 
   6832 				/* Back up original data item */
   6833 				dkey.mv_size = olddata.mv_size;
   6834 				dkey.mv_data = memcpy(fp+1, olddata.mv_data, olddata.mv_size);
   6835 
   6836 				/* Make sub-page header for the dup items, with dummy body */
   6837 				MP_FLAGS(fp) = P_LEAF|P_DIRTY|P_SUBP;
   6838 				MP_LOWER(fp) = (PAGEHDRSZ-PAGEBASE);
   6839 				xdata.mv_size = PAGEHDRSZ + dkey.mv_size + data->mv_size;
   6840 				if (mc->mc_db->md_flags & MDB_DUPFIXED) {
   6841 					MP_FLAGS(fp) |= P_LEAF2;
   6842 					fp->mp_pad = data->mv_size;
   6843 					xdata.mv_size += 2 * data->mv_size;	/* leave space for 2 more */
   6844 				} else {
   6845 					xdata.mv_size += 2 * (sizeof(indx_t) + NODESIZE) +
   6846 						(dkey.mv_size & 1) + (data->mv_size & 1);
   6847 				}
   6848 				MP_UPPER(fp) = xdata.mv_size - PAGEBASE;
   6849 				olddata.mv_size = xdata.mv_size; /* pretend olddata is fp */
   6850 			} else if (leaf->mn_flags & F_SUBDATA) {
   6851 				/* Data is on sub-DB, just store it */
   6852 				flags |= F_DUPDATA|F_SUBDATA;
   6853 				goto put_sub;
   6854 			} else {
   6855 				/* Data is on sub-page */
   6856 				fp = olddata.mv_data;
   6857 				switch (flags) {
   6858 				default:
   6859 					if (!(mc->mc_db->md_flags & MDB_DUPFIXED)) {
   6860 						offset = EVEN(NODESIZE + sizeof(indx_t) +
   6861 							data->mv_size);
   6862 						break;
   6863 					}
   6864 					offset = fp->mp_pad;
   6865 					if (SIZELEFT(fp) < offset) {
   6866 						offset *= 4; /* space for 4 more */
   6867 						break;
   6868 					}
   6869 					/* FALLTHRU */ /* Big enough MDB_DUPFIXED sub-page */
   6870 				case MDB_CURRENT:
   6871 					MP_FLAGS(fp) |= P_DIRTY;
   6872 					COPY_PGNO(MP_PGNO(fp), MP_PGNO(mp));
   6873 					mc->mc_xcursor->mx_cursor.mc_pg[0] = fp;
   6874 					flags |= F_DUPDATA;
   6875 					goto put_sub;
   6876 				}
   6877 				xdata.mv_size = olddata.mv_size + offset;
   6878 			}
   6879 
   6880 			fp_flags = MP_FLAGS(fp);
   6881 			if (NODESIZE + NODEKSZ(leaf) + xdata.mv_size > env->me_nodemax) {
   6882 					/* Too big for a sub-page, convert to sub-DB */
   6883 					fp_flags &= ~P_SUBP;
   6884 prep_subDB:
   6885 					if (mc->mc_db->md_flags & MDB_DUPFIXED) {
   6886 						fp_flags |= P_LEAF2;
   6887 						dummy.md_pad = fp->mp_pad;
   6888 						dummy.md_flags = MDB_DUPFIXED;
   6889 						if (mc->mc_db->md_flags & MDB_INTEGERDUP)
   6890 							dummy.md_flags |= MDB_INTEGERKEY;
   6891 					} else {
   6892 						dummy.md_pad = 0;
   6893 						dummy.md_flags = 0;
   6894 					}
   6895 					dummy.md_depth = 1;
   6896 					dummy.md_branch_pages = 0;
   6897 					dummy.md_leaf_pages = 1;
   6898 					dummy.md_overflow_pages = 0;
   6899 					dummy.md_entries = NUMKEYS(fp);
   6900 					xdata.mv_size = sizeof(MDB_db);
   6901 					xdata.mv_data = &dummy;
   6902 					if ((rc = mdb_page_alloc(mc, 1, &mp)))
   6903 						return rc;
   6904 					offset = env->me_psize - olddata.mv_size;
   6905 					flags |= F_DUPDATA|F_SUBDATA;
   6906 					dummy.md_root = mp->mp_pgno;
   6907 					sub_root = mp;
   6908 			}
   6909 			if (mp != fp) {
   6910 				MP_FLAGS(mp) = fp_flags | P_DIRTY;
   6911 				MP_PAD(mp)   = MP_PAD(fp);
   6912 				MP_LOWER(mp) = MP_LOWER(fp);
   6913 				MP_UPPER(mp) = MP_UPPER(fp) + offset;
   6914 				if (fp_flags & P_LEAF2) {
   6915 					memcpy(METADATA(mp), METADATA(fp), NUMKEYS(fp) * fp->mp_pad);
   6916 				} else {
   6917 					memcpy((char *)mp + MP_UPPER(mp) + PAGEBASE, (char *)fp + MP_UPPER(fp) + PAGEBASE,
   6918 						olddata.mv_size - MP_UPPER(fp) - PAGEBASE);
   6919 					memcpy((char *)MP_PTRS(mp), (char *)MP_PTRS(fp), NUMKEYS(fp) * sizeof(mp->mp_ptrs[0]));
   6920 					for (i=0; i<NUMKEYS(fp); i++)
   6921 						mp->mp_ptrs[i] += offset;
   6922 				}
   6923 			}
   6924 
   6925 			rdata = &xdata;
   6926 			flags |= F_DUPDATA;
   6927 			do_sub = 1;
   6928 			if (!insert_key)
   6929 				mdb_node_del(mc, 0);
   6930 			goto new_sub;
   6931 		}
   6932 current:
   6933 		/* LMDB passes F_SUBDATA in 'flags' to write a DB record */
   6934 		if ((leaf->mn_flags ^ flags) & F_SUBDATA)
   6935 			return MDB_INCOMPATIBLE;
   6936 		/* overflow page overwrites need special handling */
   6937 		if (F_ISSET(leaf->mn_flags, F_BIGDATA)) {
   6938 			MDB_page *omp;
   6939 			pgno_t pg;
   6940 			int level, ovpages, dpages = OVPAGES(data->mv_size, env->me_psize);
   6941 
   6942 			memcpy(&pg, olddata.mv_data, sizeof(pg));
   6943 			if ((rc2 = mdb_page_get(mc, pg, &omp, &level)) != 0)
   6944 				return rc2;
   6945 			ovpages = omp->mp_pages;
   6946 
   6947 			/* Is the ov page large enough? */
   6948 			if (ovpages >= dpages) {
   6949 			  if (!(omp->mp_flags & P_DIRTY) &&
   6950 				  (level || (env->me_flags & MDB_WRITEMAP)))
   6951 			  {
   6952 				rc = mdb_page_unspill(mc->mc_txn, omp, &omp);
   6953 				if (rc)
   6954 					return rc;
   6955 				level = 0;		/* dirty in this txn or clean */
   6956 			  }
   6957 			  /* Is it dirty? */
   6958 			  if (omp->mp_flags & P_DIRTY) {
   6959 				/* yes, overwrite it. Note in this case we don't
   6960 				 * bother to try shrinking the page if the new data
   6961 				 * is smaller than the overflow threshold.
   6962 				 */
   6963 				if (level > 1) {
   6964 					/* It is writable only in a parent txn */
   6965 					size_t sz = (size_t) env->me_psize * ovpages, off;
   6966 					MDB_page *np = mdb_page_malloc(mc->mc_txn, ovpages);
   6967 					MDB_ID2 id2;
   6968 					if (!np)
   6969 						return ENOMEM;
   6970 					id2.mid = pg;
   6971 					id2.mptr = np;
   6972 					/* Note - this page is already counted in parent's dirty_room */
   6973 					rc2 = mdb_mid2l_insert(mc->mc_txn->mt_u.dirty_list, &id2);
   6974 					mdb_cassert(mc, rc2 == 0);
   6975 					/* Currently we make the page look as with put() in the
   6976 					 * parent txn, in case the user peeks at MDB_RESERVEd
   6977 					 * or unused parts. Some users treat ovpages specially.
   6978 					 */
   6979 					if (!(flags & MDB_RESERVE)) {
   6980 						/* Skip the part where LMDB will put *data.
   6981 						 * Copy end of page, adjusting alignment so
   6982 						 * compiler may copy words instead of bytes.
   6983 						 */
   6984 						off = (PAGEHDRSZ + data->mv_size) & -(int)sizeof(size_t);
   6985 						memcpy((size_t *)((char *)np + off),
   6986 							(size_t *)((char *)omp + off), sz - off);
   6987 						sz = PAGEHDRSZ;
   6988 					}
   6989 					memcpy(np, omp, sz); /* Copy beginning of page */
   6990 					omp = np;
   6991 				}
   6992 				SETDSZ(leaf, data->mv_size);
   6993 				if (F_ISSET(flags, MDB_RESERVE))
   6994 					data->mv_data = METADATA(omp);
   6995 				else
   6996 					memcpy(METADATA(omp), data->mv_data, data->mv_size);
   6997 				return MDB_SUCCESS;
   6998 			  }
   6999 			}
   7000 			if ((rc2 = mdb_ovpage_free(mc, omp)) != MDB_SUCCESS)
   7001 				return rc2;
   7002 		} else if (data->mv_size == olddata.mv_size) {
   7003 			/* same size, just replace it. Note that we could
   7004 			 * also reuse this node if the new data is smaller,
   7005 			 * but instead we opt to shrink the node in that case.
   7006 			 */
   7007 			if (F_ISSET(flags, MDB_RESERVE))
   7008 				data->mv_data = olddata.mv_data;
   7009 			else if (!(mc->mc_flags & C_SUB))
   7010 				memcpy(olddata.mv_data, data->mv_data, data->mv_size);
   7011 			else {
   7012 				if (key->mv_size != NODEKSZ(leaf))
   7013 					goto new_ksize;
   7014 				memcpy(NODEKEY(leaf), key->mv_data, key->mv_size);
   7015 				goto fix_parent;
   7016 			}
   7017 			return MDB_SUCCESS;
   7018 		}
   7019 new_ksize:
   7020 		mdb_node_del(mc, 0);
   7021 	}
   7022 
   7023 	rdata = data;
   7024 
   7025 new_sub:
   7026 	nflags = flags & NODE_ADD_FLAGS;
   7027 	nsize = IS_LEAF2(mc->mc_pg[mc->mc_top]) ? key->mv_size : mdb_leaf_size(env, key, rdata);
   7028 	if (SIZELEFT(mc->mc_pg[mc->mc_top]) < nsize) {
   7029 		if (( flags & (F_DUPDATA|F_SUBDATA)) == F_DUPDATA )
   7030 			nflags &= ~MDB_APPEND; /* sub-page may need room to grow */
   7031 		if (!insert_key)
   7032 			nflags |= MDB_SPLIT_REPLACE;
   7033 		rc = mdb_page_split(mc, key, rdata, P_INVALID, nflags);
   7034 	} else {
   7035 		/* There is room already in this leaf page. */
   7036 		rc = mdb_node_add(mc, mc->mc_ki[mc->mc_top], key, rdata, 0, nflags);
   7037 		if (rc == 0) {
   7038 			/* Adjust other cursors pointing to mp */
   7039 			MDB_cursor *m2, *m3;
   7040 			MDB_dbi dbi = mc->mc_dbi;
   7041 			unsigned i = mc->mc_top;
   7042 			MDB_page *mp = mc->mc_pg[i];
   7043 
   7044 			for (m2 = mc->mc_txn->mt_cursors[dbi]; m2; m2=m2->mc_next) {
   7045 				if (mc->mc_flags & C_SUB)
   7046 					m3 = &m2->mc_xcursor->mx_cursor;
   7047 				else
   7048 					m3 = m2;
   7049 				if (m3 == mc || m3->mc_snum < mc->mc_snum || m3->mc_pg[i] != mp) continue;
   7050 				if (m3->mc_ki[i] >= mc->mc_ki[i] && insert_key) {
   7051 					m3->mc_ki[i]++;
   7052 				}
   7053 				XCURSOR_REFRESH(m3, i, mp);
   7054 			}
   7055 		}
   7056 	}
   7057 
   7058 	if (rc == MDB_SUCCESS) {
   7059 		/* Now store the actual data in the child DB. Note that we're
   7060 		 * storing the user data in the keys field, so there are strict
   7061 		 * size limits on dupdata. The actual data fields of the child
   7062 		 * DB are all zero size.
   7063 		 */
   7064 		if (do_sub) {
   7065 			int xflags, new_dupdata;
   7066 			size_t ecount;
   7067 put_sub:
   7068 			xdata.mv_size = 0;
   7069 			xdata.mv_data = "";
   7070 			leaf = NODEPTR(mc->mc_pg[mc->mc_top], mc->mc_ki[mc->mc_top]);
   7071 			if ((flags & (MDB_CURRENT|MDB_APPENDDUP)) == MDB_CURRENT) {
   7072 				xflags = MDB_CURRENT|MDB_NOSPILL;
   7073 			} else {
   7074 				mdb_xcursor_init1(mc, leaf);
   7075 				xflags = (flags & MDB_NODUPDATA) ?
   7076 					MDB_NOOVERWRITE|MDB_NOSPILL : MDB_NOSPILL;
   7077 			}
   7078 			if (sub_root)
   7079 				mc->mc_xcursor->mx_cursor.mc_pg[0] = sub_root;
   7080 			new_dupdata = (int)dkey.mv_size;
   7081 			/* converted, write the original data first */
   7082 			if (dkey.mv_size) {
   7083 				rc = _mdb_cursor_put(&mc->mc_xcursor->mx_cursor, &dkey, &xdata, xflags);
   7084 				if (rc)
   7085 					goto bad_sub;
   7086 				/* we've done our job */
   7087 				dkey.mv_size = 0;
   7088 			}
   7089 			if (!(leaf->mn_flags & F_SUBDATA) || sub_root) {
   7090 				/* Adjust other cursors pointing to mp */
   7091 				MDB_cursor *m2;
   7092 				MDB_xcursor *mx = mc->mc_xcursor;
   7093 				unsigned i = mc->mc_top;
   7094 				MDB_page *mp = mc->mc_pg[i];
   7095 
   7096 				for (m2 = mc->mc_txn->mt_cursors[mc->mc_dbi]; m2; m2=m2->mc_next) {
   7097 					if (m2 == mc || m2->mc_snum < mc->mc_snum) continue;
   7098 					if (!(m2->mc_flags & C_INITIALIZED)) continue;
   7099 					if (m2->mc_pg[i] == mp) {
   7100 						if (m2->mc_ki[i] == mc->mc_ki[i]) {
   7101 							mdb_xcursor_init2(m2, mx, new_dupdata);
   7102 						} else if (!insert_key) {
   7103 							XCURSOR_REFRESH(m2, i, mp);
   7104 						}
   7105 					}
   7106 				}
   7107 			}
   7108 			ecount = mc->mc_xcursor->mx_db.md_entries;
   7109 			if (flags & MDB_APPENDDUP)
   7110 				xflags |= MDB_APPEND;
   7111 			rc = _mdb_cursor_put(&mc->mc_xcursor->mx_cursor, data, &xdata, xflags);
   7112 			if (flags & F_SUBDATA) {
   7113 				void *db = NODEDATA(leaf);
   7114 				memcpy(db, &mc->mc_xcursor->mx_db, sizeof(MDB_db));
   7115 			}
   7116 			insert_data = mc->mc_xcursor->mx_db.md_entries - ecount;
   7117 		}
   7118 		/* Increment count unless we just replaced an existing item. */
   7119 		if (insert_data)
   7120 			mc->mc_db->md_entries++;
   7121 		if (insert_key) {
   7122 			/* Invalidate txn if we created an empty sub-DB */
   7123 			if (rc)
   7124 				goto bad_sub;
   7125 			/* If we succeeded and the key didn't exist before,
   7126 			 * make sure the cursor is marked valid.
   7127 			 */
   7128 			mc->mc_flags |= C_INITIALIZED;
   7129 		}
   7130 		if (flags & MDB_MULTIPLE) {
   7131 			if (!rc) {
   7132 				mcount++;
   7133 				/* let caller know how many succeeded, if any */
   7134 				data[1].mv_size = mcount;
   7135 				if (mcount < dcount) {
   7136 					data[0].mv_data = (char *)data[0].mv_data + data[0].mv_size;
   7137 					insert_key = insert_data = 0;
   7138 					goto more;
   7139 				}
   7140 			}
   7141 		}
   7142 		return rc;
   7143 bad_sub:
   7144 		if (rc == MDB_KEYEXIST)	/* should not happen, we deleted that item */
   7145 			rc = MDB_CORRUPTED;
   7146 	}
   7147 	mc->mc_txn->mt_flags |= MDB_TXN_ERROR;
   7148 	return rc;
   7149 }
   7150 
   7151 int
   7152 mdb_cursor_put(MDB_cursor *mc, MDB_val *key, MDB_val *data,
   7153     unsigned int flags)
   7154 {
   7155 	DKBUF;
   7156 	DDBUF;
   7157 	int rc = _mdb_cursor_put(mc, key, data, flags);
   7158 	MDB_TRACE(("%p, %"Z"u[%s], %"Z"u%s, %u",
   7159 		mc, key ? key->mv_size:0, DKEY(key), data ? data->mv_size:0,
   7160 			data ? mdb_dval(mc->mc_txn, mc->mc_dbi, data, dbuf):"", flags));
   7161 	return rc;
   7162 }
   7163 
   7164 static int
   7165 _mdb_cursor_del(MDB_cursor *mc, unsigned int flags)
   7166 {
   7167 	MDB_node	*leaf;
   7168 	MDB_page	*mp;
   7169 	int rc;
   7170 
   7171 	if (mc->mc_txn->mt_flags & (MDB_TXN_RDONLY|MDB_TXN_BLOCKED))
   7172 		return (mc->mc_txn->mt_flags & MDB_TXN_RDONLY) ? EACCES : MDB_BAD_TXN;
   7173 
   7174 	if (!(mc->mc_flags & C_INITIALIZED))
   7175 		return EINVAL;
   7176 
   7177 	if (mc->mc_ki[mc->mc_top] >= NUMKEYS(mc->mc_pg[mc->mc_top]))
   7178 		return MDB_NOTFOUND;
   7179 
   7180 	if (!(flags & MDB_NOSPILL) && (rc = mdb_page_spill(mc, NULL, NULL)))
   7181 		return rc;
   7182 
   7183 	rc = mdb_cursor_touch(mc);
   7184 	if (rc)
   7185 		return rc;
   7186 
   7187 	mp = mc->mc_pg[mc->mc_top];
   7188 	if (!IS_LEAF(mp))
   7189 		return MDB_CORRUPTED;
   7190 	if (IS_LEAF2(mp))
   7191 		goto del_key;
   7192 	leaf = NODEPTR(mp, mc->mc_ki[mc->mc_top]);
   7193 
   7194 	if (F_ISSET(leaf->mn_flags, F_DUPDATA)) {
   7195 		if (flags & MDB_NODUPDATA) {
   7196 			/* mdb_cursor_del0() will subtract the final entry */
   7197 			mc->mc_db->md_entries -= mc->mc_xcursor->mx_db.md_entries - 1;
   7198 			mc->mc_xcursor->mx_cursor.mc_flags &= ~C_INITIALIZED;
   7199 		} else {
   7200 			if (!F_ISSET(leaf->mn_flags, F_SUBDATA)) {
   7201 				mc->mc_xcursor->mx_cursor.mc_pg[0] = NODEDATA(leaf);
   7202 			}
   7203 			rc = _mdb_cursor_del(&mc->mc_xcursor->mx_cursor, MDB_NOSPILL);
   7204 			if (rc)
   7205 				return rc;
   7206 			/* If sub-DB still has entries, we're done */
   7207 			if (mc->mc_xcursor->mx_db.md_entries) {
   7208 				if (leaf->mn_flags & F_SUBDATA) {
   7209 					/* update subDB info */
   7210 					void *db = NODEDATA(leaf);
   7211 					memcpy(db, &mc->mc_xcursor->mx_db, sizeof(MDB_db));
   7212 				} else {
   7213 					MDB_cursor *m2;
   7214 					/* shrink fake page */
   7215 					mdb_node_shrink(mp, mc->mc_ki[mc->mc_top]);
   7216 					leaf = NODEPTR(mp, mc->mc_ki[mc->mc_top]);
   7217 					mc->mc_xcursor->mx_cursor.mc_pg[0] = NODEDATA(leaf);
   7218 					/* fix other sub-DB cursors pointed at fake pages on this page */
   7219 					for (m2 = mc->mc_txn->mt_cursors[mc->mc_dbi]; m2; m2=m2->mc_next) {
   7220 						if (m2 == mc || m2->mc_snum < mc->mc_snum) continue;
   7221 						if (!(m2->mc_flags & C_INITIALIZED)) continue;
   7222 						if (m2->mc_pg[mc->mc_top] == mp) {
   7223 							XCURSOR_REFRESH(m2, mc->mc_top, mp);
   7224 						}
   7225 					}
   7226 				}
   7227 				mc->mc_db->md_entries--;
   7228 				return rc;
   7229 			} else {
   7230 				mc->mc_xcursor->mx_cursor.mc_flags &= ~C_INITIALIZED;
   7231 			}
   7232 			/* otherwise fall thru and delete the sub-DB */
   7233 		}
   7234 
   7235 		if (leaf->mn_flags & F_SUBDATA) {
   7236 			/* add all the child DB's pages to the free list */
   7237 			rc = mdb_drop0(&mc->mc_xcursor->mx_cursor, 0);
   7238 			if (rc)
   7239 				goto fail;
   7240 		}
   7241 	}
   7242 	/* LMDB passes F_SUBDATA in 'flags' to delete a DB record */
   7243 	else if ((leaf->mn_flags ^ flags) & F_SUBDATA) {
   7244 		rc = MDB_INCOMPATIBLE;
   7245 		goto fail;
   7246 	}
   7247 
   7248 	/* add overflow pages to free list */
   7249 	if (F_ISSET(leaf->mn_flags, F_BIGDATA)) {
   7250 		MDB_page *omp;
   7251 		pgno_t pg;
   7252 
   7253 		memcpy(&pg, NODEDATA(leaf), sizeof(pg));
   7254 		if ((rc = mdb_page_get(mc, pg, &omp, NULL)) ||
   7255 			(rc = mdb_ovpage_free(mc, omp)))
   7256 			goto fail;
   7257 	}
   7258 
   7259 del_key:
   7260 	return mdb_cursor_del0(mc);
   7261 
   7262 fail:
   7263 	mc->mc_txn->mt_flags |= MDB_TXN_ERROR;
   7264 	return rc;
   7265 }
   7266 
   7267 int
   7268 mdb_cursor_del(MDB_cursor *mc, unsigned int flags)
   7269 {
   7270 	MDB_TRACE(("%p, %u",
   7271 		mc, flags));
   7272 	return _mdb_cursor_del(mc, flags);
   7273 }
   7274 
   7275 /** Allocate and initialize new pages for a database.
   7276  * Set #MDB_TXN_ERROR on failure.
   7277  * @param[in] mc a cursor on the database being added to.
   7278  * @param[in] flags flags defining what type of page is being allocated.
   7279  * @param[in] num the number of pages to allocate. This is usually 1,
   7280  * unless allocating overflow pages for a large record.
   7281  * @param[out] mp Address of a page, or NULL on failure.
   7282  * @return 0 on success, non-zero on failure.
   7283  */
   7284 static int
   7285 mdb_page_new(MDB_cursor *mc, uint32_t flags, int num, MDB_page **mp)
   7286 {
   7287 	MDB_page	*np;
   7288 	int rc;
   7289 
   7290 	if ((rc = mdb_page_alloc(mc, num, &np)))
   7291 		return rc;
   7292 	DPRINTF(("allocated new mpage %"Z"u, page size %u",
   7293 	    np->mp_pgno, mc->mc_txn->mt_env->me_psize));
   7294 	np->mp_flags = flags | P_DIRTY;
   7295 	np->mp_lower = (PAGEHDRSZ-PAGEBASE);
   7296 	np->mp_upper = mc->mc_txn->mt_env->me_psize - PAGEBASE;
   7297 
   7298 	if (IS_BRANCH(np))
   7299 		mc->mc_db->md_branch_pages++;
   7300 	else if (IS_LEAF(np))
   7301 		mc->mc_db->md_leaf_pages++;
   7302 	else if (IS_OVERFLOW(np)) {
   7303 		mc->mc_db->md_overflow_pages += num;
   7304 		np->mp_pages = num;
   7305 	}
   7306 	*mp = np;
   7307 
   7308 	return 0;
   7309 }
   7310 
   7311 /** Calculate the size of a leaf node.
   7312  * The size depends on the environment's page size; if a data item
   7313  * is too large it will be put onto an overflow page and the node
   7314  * size will only include the key and not the data. Sizes are always
   7315  * rounded up to an even number of bytes, to guarantee 2-byte alignment
   7316  * of the #MDB_node headers.
   7317  * @param[in] env The environment handle.
   7318  * @param[in] key The key for the node.
   7319  * @param[in] data The data for the node.
   7320  * @return The number of bytes needed to store the node.
   7321  */
   7322 static size_t
   7323 mdb_leaf_size(MDB_env *env, MDB_val *key, MDB_val *data)
   7324 {
   7325 	size_t		 sz;
   7326 
   7327 	sz = LEAFSIZE(key, data);
   7328 	if (sz > env->me_nodemax) {
   7329 		/* put on overflow page */
   7330 		sz -= data->mv_size - sizeof(pgno_t);
   7331 	}
   7332 
   7333 	return EVEN(sz + sizeof(indx_t));
   7334 }
   7335 
   7336 /** Calculate the size of a branch node.
   7337  * The size should depend on the environment's page size but since
   7338  * we currently don't support spilling large keys onto overflow
   7339  * pages, it's simply the size of the #MDB_node header plus the
   7340  * size of the key. Sizes are always rounded up to an even number
   7341  * of bytes, to guarantee 2-byte alignment of the #MDB_node headers.
   7342  * @param[in] env The environment handle.
   7343  * @param[in] key The key for the node.
   7344  * @return The number of bytes needed to store the node.
   7345  */
   7346 static size_t
   7347 mdb_branch_size(MDB_env *env, MDB_val *key)
   7348 {
   7349 	size_t		 sz;
   7350 
   7351 	sz = INDXSIZE(key);
   7352 	if (sz > env->me_nodemax) {
   7353 		/* put on overflow page */
   7354 		/* not implemented */
   7355 		/* sz -= key->size - sizeof(pgno_t); */
   7356 	}
   7357 
   7358 	return sz + sizeof(indx_t);
   7359 }
   7360 
   7361 /** Add a node to the page pointed to by the cursor.
   7362  * Set #MDB_TXN_ERROR on failure.
   7363  * @param[in] mc The cursor for this operation.
   7364  * @param[in] indx The index on the page where the new node should be added.
   7365  * @param[in] key The key for the new node.
   7366  * @param[in] data The data for the new node, if any.
   7367  * @param[in] pgno The page number, if adding a branch node.
   7368  * @param[in] flags Flags for the node.
   7369  * @return 0 on success, non-zero on failure. Possible errors are:
   7370  * <ul>
   7371  *	<li>ENOMEM - failed to allocate overflow pages for the node.
   7372  *	<li>MDB_PAGE_FULL - there is insufficient room in the page. This error
   7373  *	should never happen since all callers already calculate the
   7374  *	page's free space before calling this function.
   7375  * </ul>
   7376  */
   7377 static int
   7378 mdb_node_add(MDB_cursor *mc, indx_t indx,
   7379     MDB_val *key, MDB_val *data, pgno_t pgno, unsigned int flags)
   7380 {
   7381 	unsigned int	 i;
   7382 	size_t		 node_size = NODESIZE;
   7383 	ssize_t		 room;
   7384 	indx_t		 ofs;
   7385 	MDB_node	*node;
   7386 	MDB_page	*mp = mc->mc_pg[mc->mc_top];
   7387 	MDB_page	*ofp = NULL;		/* overflow page */
   7388 	void		*ndata;
   7389 	DKBUF;
   7390 
   7391 	mdb_cassert(mc, MP_UPPER(mp) >= MP_LOWER(mp));
   7392 
   7393 	DPRINTF(("add to %s %spage %"Z"u index %i, data size %"Z"u key size %"Z"u [%s]",
   7394 	    IS_LEAF(mp) ? "leaf" : "branch",
   7395 		IS_SUBP(mp) ? "sub-" : "",
   7396 		mdb_dbg_pgno(mp), indx, data ? data->mv_size : 0,
   7397 		key ? key->mv_size : 0, key ? DKEY(key) : "null"));
   7398 
   7399 	if (IS_LEAF2(mp)) {
   7400 		/* Move higher keys up one slot. */
   7401 		int ksize = mc->mc_db->md_pad, dif;
   7402 		char *ptr = LEAF2KEY(mp, indx, ksize);
   7403 		dif = NUMKEYS(mp) - indx;
   7404 		if (dif > 0)
   7405 			memmove(ptr+ksize, ptr, dif*ksize);
   7406 		/* insert new key */
   7407 		memcpy(ptr, key->mv_data, ksize);
   7408 
   7409 		/* Just using these for counting */
   7410 		MP_LOWER(mp) += sizeof(indx_t);
   7411 		MP_UPPER(mp) -= ksize - sizeof(indx_t);
   7412 		return MDB_SUCCESS;
   7413 	}
   7414 
   7415 	room = (ssize_t)SIZELEFT(mp) - (ssize_t)sizeof(indx_t);
   7416 	if (key != NULL)
   7417 		node_size += key->mv_size;
   7418 	if (IS_LEAF(mp)) {
   7419 		mdb_cassert(mc, key && data);
   7420 		if (F_ISSET(flags, F_BIGDATA)) {
   7421 			/* Data already on overflow page. */
   7422 			node_size += sizeof(pgno_t);
   7423 		} else if (node_size + data->mv_size > mc->mc_txn->mt_env->me_nodemax) {
   7424 			int ovpages = OVPAGES(data->mv_size, mc->mc_txn->mt_env->me_psize);
   7425 			int rc;
   7426 			/* Put data on overflow page. */
   7427 			DPRINTF(("data size is %"Z"u, node would be %"Z"u, put data on overflow page",
   7428 			    data->mv_size, node_size+data->mv_size));
   7429 			node_size = EVEN(node_size + sizeof(pgno_t));
   7430 			if ((ssize_t)node_size > room)
   7431 				goto full;
   7432 			if ((rc = mdb_page_new(mc, P_OVERFLOW, ovpages, &ofp)))
   7433 				return rc;
   7434 			DPRINTF(("allocated overflow page %"Z"u", ofp->mp_pgno));
   7435 			flags |= F_BIGDATA;
   7436 			goto update;
   7437 		} else {
   7438 			node_size += data->mv_size;
   7439 		}
   7440 	}
   7441 	node_size = EVEN(node_size);
   7442 	if ((ssize_t)node_size > room)
   7443 		goto full;
   7444 
   7445 update:
   7446 	/* Move higher pointers up one slot. */
   7447 	for (i = NUMKEYS(mp); i > indx; i--)
   7448 		MP_PTRS(mp)[i] = MP_PTRS(mp)[i - 1];
   7449 
   7450 	/* Adjust free space offsets. */
   7451 	ofs = MP_UPPER(mp) - node_size;
   7452 	mdb_cassert(mc, ofs >= MP_LOWER(mp) + sizeof(indx_t));
   7453 	MP_PTRS(mp)[indx] = ofs;
   7454 	MP_UPPER(mp) = ofs;
   7455 	MP_LOWER(mp) += sizeof(indx_t);
   7456 
   7457 	/* Write the node data. */
   7458 	node = NODEPTR(mp, indx);
   7459 	node->mn_ksize = (key == NULL) ? 0 : key->mv_size;
   7460 	node->mn_flags = flags;
   7461 	if (IS_LEAF(mp))
   7462 		SETDSZ(node,data->mv_size);
   7463 	else
   7464 		SETPGNO(node,pgno);
   7465 
   7466 	if (key)
   7467 		memcpy(NODEKEY(node), key->mv_data, key->mv_size);
   7468 
   7469 	if (IS_LEAF(mp)) {
   7470 		ndata = NODEDATA(node);
   7471 		if (ofp == NULL) {
   7472 			if (F_ISSET(flags, F_BIGDATA))
   7473 				memcpy(ndata, data->mv_data, sizeof(pgno_t));
   7474 			else if (F_ISSET(flags, MDB_RESERVE))
   7475 				data->mv_data = ndata;
   7476 			else
   7477 				memcpy(ndata, data->mv_data, data->mv_size);
   7478 		} else {
   7479 			memcpy(ndata, &ofp->mp_pgno, sizeof(pgno_t));
   7480 			ndata = METADATA(ofp);
   7481 			if (F_ISSET(flags, MDB_RESERVE))
   7482 				data->mv_data = ndata;
   7483 			else
   7484 				memcpy(ndata, data->mv_data, data->mv_size);
   7485 		}
   7486 	}
   7487 
   7488 	return MDB_SUCCESS;
   7489 
   7490 full:
   7491 	DPRINTF(("not enough room in page %"Z"u, got %u ptrs",
   7492 		mdb_dbg_pgno(mp), NUMKEYS(mp)));
   7493 	DPRINTF(("upper-lower = %u - %u = %"Z"d", MP_UPPER(mp),MP_LOWER(mp),room));
   7494 	DPRINTF(("node size = %"Z"u", node_size));
   7495 	mc->mc_txn->mt_flags |= MDB_TXN_ERROR;
   7496 	return MDB_PAGE_FULL;
   7497 }
   7498 
   7499 /** Delete the specified node from a page.
   7500  * @param[in] mc Cursor pointing to the node to delete.
   7501  * @param[in] ksize The size of a node. Only used if the page is
   7502  * part of a #MDB_DUPFIXED database.
   7503  */
   7504 static void
   7505 mdb_node_del(MDB_cursor *mc, int ksize)
   7506 {
   7507 	MDB_page *mp = mc->mc_pg[mc->mc_top];
   7508 	indx_t	indx = mc->mc_ki[mc->mc_top];
   7509 	unsigned int	 sz;
   7510 	indx_t		 i, j, numkeys, ptr;
   7511 	MDB_node	*node;
   7512 	char		*base;
   7513 
   7514 	DPRINTF(("delete node %u on %s page %"Z"u", indx,
   7515 	    IS_LEAF(mp) ? "leaf" : "branch", mdb_dbg_pgno(mp)));
   7516 	numkeys = NUMKEYS(mp);
   7517 	mdb_cassert(mc, indx < numkeys);
   7518 
   7519 	if (IS_LEAF2(mp)) {
   7520 		int x = numkeys - 1 - indx;
   7521 		base = LEAF2KEY(mp, indx, ksize);
   7522 		if (x)
   7523 			memmove(base, base + ksize, x * ksize);
   7524 		MP_LOWER(mp) -= sizeof(indx_t);
   7525 		MP_UPPER(mp) += ksize - sizeof(indx_t);
   7526 		return;
   7527 	}
   7528 
   7529 	node = NODEPTR(mp, indx);
   7530 	sz = NODESIZE + node->mn_ksize;
   7531 	if (IS_LEAF(mp)) {
   7532 		if (F_ISSET(node->mn_flags, F_BIGDATA))
   7533 			sz += sizeof(pgno_t);
   7534 		else
   7535 			sz += NODEDSZ(node);
   7536 	}
   7537 	sz = EVEN(sz);
   7538 
   7539 	ptr = MP_PTRS(mp)[indx];
   7540 	for (i = j = 0; i < numkeys; i++) {
   7541 		if (i != indx) {
   7542 			MP_PTRS(mp)[j] = MP_PTRS(mp)[i];
   7543 			if (MP_PTRS(mp)[i] < ptr)
   7544 				MP_PTRS(mp)[j] += sz;
   7545 			j++;
   7546 		}
   7547 	}
   7548 
   7549 	base = (char *)mp + MP_UPPER(mp) + PAGEBASE;
   7550 	memmove(base + sz, base, ptr - MP_UPPER(mp));
   7551 
   7552 	MP_LOWER(mp) -= sizeof(indx_t);
   7553 	MP_UPPER(mp) += sz;
   7554 }
   7555 
   7556 /** Compact the main page after deleting a node on a subpage.
   7557  * @param[in] mp The main page to operate on.
   7558  * @param[in] indx The index of the subpage on the main page.
   7559  */
   7560 static void
   7561 mdb_node_shrink(MDB_page *mp, indx_t indx)
   7562 {
   7563 	MDB_node *node;
   7564 	MDB_page *sp, *xp;
   7565 	char *base;
   7566 	indx_t delta, nsize, len, ptr;
   7567 	int i;
   7568 
   7569 	node = NODEPTR(mp, indx);
   7570 	sp = (MDB_page *)NODEDATA(node);
   7571 	delta = SIZELEFT(sp);
   7572 	nsize = NODEDSZ(node) - delta;
   7573 
   7574 	/* Prepare to shift upward, set len = length(subpage part to shift) */
   7575 	if (IS_LEAF2(sp)) {
   7576 		len = nsize;
   7577 		if (nsize & 1)
   7578 			return;		/* do not make the node uneven-sized */
   7579 	} else {
   7580 		xp = (MDB_page *)((char *)sp + delta); /* destination subpage */
   7581 		for (i = NUMKEYS(sp); --i >= 0; )
   7582 			MP_PTRS(xp)[i] = MP_PTRS(sp)[i] - delta;
   7583 		len = PAGEHDRSZ;
   7584 	}
   7585 	MP_UPPER(sp) = MP_LOWER(sp);
   7586 	COPY_PGNO(MP_PGNO(sp), mp->mp_pgno);
   7587 	SETDSZ(node, nsize);
   7588 
   7589 	/* Shift <lower nodes...initial part of subpage> upward */
   7590 	base = (char *)mp + mp->mp_upper + PAGEBASE;
   7591 	memmove(base + delta, base, (char *)sp + len - base);
   7592 
   7593 	ptr = mp->mp_ptrs[indx];
   7594 	for (i = NUMKEYS(mp); --i >= 0; ) {
   7595 		if (mp->mp_ptrs[i] <= ptr)
   7596 			mp->mp_ptrs[i] += delta;
   7597 	}
   7598 	mp->mp_upper += delta;
   7599 }
   7600 
   7601 /** Initial setup of a sorted-dups cursor.
   7602  * Sorted duplicates are implemented as a sub-database for the given key.
   7603  * The duplicate data items are actually keys of the sub-database.
   7604  * Operations on the duplicate data items are performed using a sub-cursor
   7605  * initialized when the sub-database is first accessed. This function does
   7606  * the preliminary setup of the sub-cursor, filling in the fields that
   7607  * depend only on the parent DB.
   7608  * @param[in] mc The main cursor whose sorted-dups cursor is to be initialized.
   7609  */
   7610 static void
   7611 mdb_xcursor_init0(MDB_cursor *mc)
   7612 {
   7613 	MDB_xcursor *mx = mc->mc_xcursor;
   7614 
   7615 	mx->mx_cursor.mc_xcursor = NULL;
   7616 	mx->mx_cursor.mc_txn = mc->mc_txn;
   7617 	mx->mx_cursor.mc_db = &mx->mx_db;
   7618 	mx->mx_cursor.mc_dbx = &mx->mx_dbx;
   7619 	mx->mx_cursor.mc_dbi = mc->mc_dbi;
   7620 	mx->mx_cursor.mc_dbflag = &mx->mx_dbflag;
   7621 	mx->mx_cursor.mc_snum = 0;
   7622 	mx->mx_cursor.mc_top = 0;
   7623 	mx->mx_cursor.mc_flags = C_SUB;
   7624 	mx->mx_dbx.md_name.mv_size = 0;
   7625 	mx->mx_dbx.md_name.mv_data = NULL;
   7626 	mx->mx_dbx.md_cmp = mc->mc_dbx->md_dcmp;
   7627 	mx->mx_dbx.md_dcmp = NULL;
   7628 	mx->mx_dbx.md_rel = mc->mc_dbx->md_rel;
   7629 }
   7630 
   7631 /** Final setup of a sorted-dups cursor.
   7632  *	Sets up the fields that depend on the data from the main cursor.
   7633  * @param[in] mc The main cursor whose sorted-dups cursor is to be initialized.
   7634  * @param[in] node The data containing the #MDB_db record for the
   7635  * sorted-dup database.
   7636  */
   7637 static void
   7638 mdb_xcursor_init1(MDB_cursor *mc, MDB_node *node)
   7639 {
   7640 	MDB_xcursor *mx = mc->mc_xcursor;
   7641 
   7642 	if (node->mn_flags & F_SUBDATA) {
   7643 		memcpy(&mx->mx_db, NODEDATA(node), sizeof(MDB_db));
   7644 		mx->mx_cursor.mc_pg[0] = 0;
   7645 		mx->mx_cursor.mc_snum = 0;
   7646 		mx->mx_cursor.mc_top = 0;
   7647 		mx->mx_cursor.mc_flags = C_SUB;
   7648 	} else {
   7649 		MDB_page *fp = NODEDATA(node);
   7650 		mx->mx_db.md_pad = 0;
   7651 		mx->mx_db.md_flags = 0;
   7652 		mx->mx_db.md_depth = 1;
   7653 		mx->mx_db.md_branch_pages = 0;
   7654 		mx->mx_db.md_leaf_pages = 1;
   7655 		mx->mx_db.md_overflow_pages = 0;
   7656 		mx->mx_db.md_entries = NUMKEYS(fp);
   7657 		COPY_PGNO(mx->mx_db.md_root, MP_PGNO(fp));
   7658 		mx->mx_cursor.mc_snum = 1;
   7659 		mx->mx_cursor.mc_top = 0;
   7660 		mx->mx_cursor.mc_flags = C_INITIALIZED|C_SUB;
   7661 		mx->mx_cursor.mc_pg[0] = fp;
   7662 		mx->mx_cursor.mc_ki[0] = 0;
   7663 		if (mc->mc_db->md_flags & MDB_DUPFIXED) {
   7664 			mx->mx_db.md_flags = MDB_DUPFIXED;
   7665 			mx->mx_db.md_pad = fp->mp_pad;
   7666 			if (mc->mc_db->md_flags & MDB_INTEGERDUP)
   7667 				mx->mx_db.md_flags |= MDB_INTEGERKEY;
   7668 		}
   7669 	}
   7670 	DPRINTF(("Sub-db -%u root page %"Z"u", mx->mx_cursor.mc_dbi,
   7671 		mx->mx_db.md_root));
   7672 	mx->mx_dbflag = DB_VALID|DB_USRVALID|DB_DUPDATA;
   7673 #if UINT_MAX < SIZE_MAX
   7674 	if (mx->mx_dbx.md_cmp == mdb_cmp_int && mx->mx_db.md_pad == sizeof(size_t))
   7675 		mx->mx_dbx.md_cmp = mdb_cmp_clong;
   7676 #endif
   7677 }
   7678 
   7679 
   7680 /** Fixup a sorted-dups cursor due to underlying update.
   7681  *	Sets up some fields that depend on the data from the main cursor.
   7682  *	Almost the same as init1, but skips initialization steps if the
   7683  *	xcursor had already been used.
   7684  * @param[in] mc The main cursor whose sorted-dups cursor is to be fixed up.
   7685  * @param[in] src_mx The xcursor of an up-to-date cursor.
   7686  * @param[in] new_dupdata True if converting from a non-#F_DUPDATA item.
   7687  */
   7688 static void
   7689 mdb_xcursor_init2(MDB_cursor *mc, MDB_xcursor *src_mx, int new_dupdata)
   7690 {
   7691 	MDB_xcursor *mx = mc->mc_xcursor;
   7692 
   7693 	if (new_dupdata) {
   7694 		mx->mx_cursor.mc_snum = 1;
   7695 		mx->mx_cursor.mc_top = 0;
   7696 		mx->mx_cursor.mc_flags |= C_INITIALIZED;
   7697 		mx->mx_cursor.mc_ki[0] = 0;
   7698 		mx->mx_dbflag = DB_VALID|DB_USRVALID|DB_DUPDATA;
   7699 #if UINT_MAX < SIZE_MAX
   7700 		mx->mx_dbx.md_cmp = src_mx->mx_dbx.md_cmp;
   7701 #endif
   7702 	} else if (!(mx->mx_cursor.mc_flags & C_INITIALIZED)) {
   7703 		return;
   7704 	}
   7705 	mx->mx_db = src_mx->mx_db;
   7706 	mx->mx_cursor.mc_pg[0] = src_mx->mx_cursor.mc_pg[0];
   7707 	DPRINTF(("Sub-db -%u root page %"Z"u", mx->mx_cursor.mc_dbi,
   7708 		mx->mx_db.md_root));
   7709 }
   7710 
   7711 /** Initialize a cursor for a given transaction and database. */
   7712 static void
   7713 mdb_cursor_init(MDB_cursor *mc, MDB_txn *txn, MDB_dbi dbi, MDB_xcursor *mx)
   7714 {
   7715 	mc->mc_next = NULL;
   7716 	mc->mc_backup = NULL;
   7717 	mc->mc_dbi = dbi;
   7718 	mc->mc_txn = txn;
   7719 	mc->mc_db = &txn->mt_dbs[dbi];
   7720 	mc->mc_dbx = &txn->mt_dbxs[dbi];
   7721 	mc->mc_dbflag = &txn->mt_dbflags[dbi];
   7722 	mc->mc_snum = 0;
   7723 	mc->mc_top = 0;
   7724 	mc->mc_pg[0] = 0;
   7725 	mc->mc_ki[0] = 0;
   7726 	mc->mc_flags = 0;
   7727 	if (txn->mt_dbs[dbi].md_flags & MDB_DUPSORT) {
   7728 		mdb_tassert(txn, mx != NULL);
   7729 		mc->mc_xcursor = mx;
   7730 		mdb_xcursor_init0(mc);
   7731 	} else {
   7732 		mc->mc_xcursor = NULL;
   7733 	}
   7734 	if (*mc->mc_dbflag & DB_STALE) {
   7735 		mdb_page_search(mc, NULL, MDB_PS_ROOTONLY);
   7736 	}
   7737 }
   7738 
   7739 int
   7740 mdb_cursor_open(MDB_txn *txn, MDB_dbi dbi, MDB_cursor **ret)
   7741 {
   7742 	MDB_cursor	*mc;
   7743 	size_t size = sizeof(MDB_cursor);
   7744 
   7745 	if (!ret || !TXN_DBI_EXIST(txn, dbi, DB_VALID))
   7746 		return EINVAL;
   7747 
   7748 	if (txn->mt_flags & MDB_TXN_BLOCKED)
   7749 		return MDB_BAD_TXN;
   7750 
   7751 	if (dbi == FREE_DBI && !F_ISSET(txn->mt_flags, MDB_TXN_RDONLY))
   7752 		return EINVAL;
   7753 
   7754 	if (txn->mt_dbs[dbi].md_flags & MDB_DUPSORT)
   7755 		size += sizeof(MDB_xcursor);
   7756 
   7757 	if ((mc = malloc(size)) != NULL) {
   7758 		mdb_cursor_init(mc, txn, dbi, (MDB_xcursor *)(mc + 1));
   7759 		if (txn->mt_cursors) {
   7760 			mc->mc_next = txn->mt_cursors[dbi];
   7761 			txn->mt_cursors[dbi] = mc;
   7762 			mc->mc_flags |= C_UNTRACK;
   7763 		}
   7764 	} else {
   7765 		return ENOMEM;
   7766 	}
   7767 
   7768 	MDB_TRACE(("%p, %u = %p", txn, dbi, mc));
   7769 	*ret = mc;
   7770 
   7771 	return MDB_SUCCESS;
   7772 }
   7773 
   7774 int
   7775 mdb_cursor_renew(MDB_txn *txn, MDB_cursor *mc)
   7776 {
   7777 	if (!mc || !TXN_DBI_EXIST(txn, mc->mc_dbi, DB_VALID))
   7778 		return EINVAL;
   7779 
   7780 	if ((mc->mc_flags & C_UNTRACK) || txn->mt_cursors)
   7781 		return EINVAL;
   7782 
   7783 	if (txn->mt_flags & MDB_TXN_BLOCKED)
   7784 		return MDB_BAD_TXN;
   7785 
   7786 	mdb_cursor_init(mc, txn, mc->mc_dbi, mc->mc_xcursor);
   7787 	return MDB_SUCCESS;
   7788 }
   7789 
   7790 /* Return the count of duplicate data items for the current key */
   7791 int
   7792 mdb_cursor_count(MDB_cursor *mc, size_t *countp)
   7793 {
   7794 	MDB_node	*leaf;
   7795 
   7796 	if (mc == NULL || countp == NULL)
   7797 		return EINVAL;
   7798 
   7799 	if (mc->mc_xcursor == NULL)
   7800 		return MDB_INCOMPATIBLE;
   7801 
   7802 	if (mc->mc_txn->mt_flags & MDB_TXN_BLOCKED)
   7803 		return MDB_BAD_TXN;
   7804 
   7805 	if (!(mc->mc_flags & C_INITIALIZED))
   7806 		return EINVAL;
   7807 
   7808 	if (!mc->mc_snum)
   7809 		return MDB_NOTFOUND;
   7810 
   7811 	if (mc->mc_flags & C_EOF) {
   7812 		if (mc->mc_ki[mc->mc_top] >= NUMKEYS(mc->mc_pg[mc->mc_top]))
   7813 			return MDB_NOTFOUND;
   7814 		mc->mc_flags ^= C_EOF;
   7815 	}
   7816 
   7817 	leaf = NODEPTR(mc->mc_pg[mc->mc_top], mc->mc_ki[mc->mc_top]);
   7818 	if (!F_ISSET(leaf->mn_flags, F_DUPDATA)) {
   7819 		*countp = 1;
   7820 	} else {
   7821 		if (!(mc->mc_xcursor->mx_cursor.mc_flags & C_INITIALIZED))
   7822 			return EINVAL;
   7823 
   7824 		*countp = mc->mc_xcursor->mx_db.md_entries;
   7825 	}
   7826 	return MDB_SUCCESS;
   7827 }
   7828 
   7829 void
   7830 mdb_cursor_close(MDB_cursor *mc)
   7831 {
   7832 	MDB_TRACE(("%p", mc));
   7833 	if (mc && !mc->mc_backup) {
   7834 		/* remove from txn, if tracked */
   7835 		if ((mc->mc_flags & C_UNTRACK) && mc->mc_txn->mt_cursors) {
   7836 			MDB_cursor **prev = &mc->mc_txn->mt_cursors[mc->mc_dbi];
   7837 			while (*prev && *prev != mc) prev = &(*prev)->mc_next;
   7838 			if (*prev == mc)
   7839 				*prev = mc->mc_next;
   7840 		}
   7841 		free(mc);
   7842 	}
   7843 }
   7844 
   7845 MDB_txn *
   7846 mdb_cursor_txn(MDB_cursor *mc)
   7847 {
   7848 	if (!mc) return NULL;
   7849 	return mc->mc_txn;
   7850 }
   7851 
   7852 MDB_dbi
   7853 mdb_cursor_dbi(MDB_cursor *mc)
   7854 {
   7855 	return mc->mc_dbi;
   7856 }
   7857 
   7858 /** Replace the key for a branch node with a new key.
   7859  * Set #MDB_TXN_ERROR on failure.
   7860  * @param[in] mc Cursor pointing to the node to operate on.
   7861  * @param[in] key The new key to use.
   7862  * @return 0 on success, non-zero on failure.
   7863  */
   7864 static int
   7865 mdb_update_key(MDB_cursor *mc, MDB_val *key)
   7866 {
   7867 	MDB_page		*mp;
   7868 	MDB_node		*node;
   7869 	char			*base;
   7870 	size_t			 len;
   7871 	int				 delta, ksize, oksize;
   7872 	indx_t			 ptr, i, numkeys, indx;
   7873 	DKBUF;
   7874 
   7875 	indx = mc->mc_ki[mc->mc_top];
   7876 	mp = mc->mc_pg[mc->mc_top];
   7877 	node = NODEPTR(mp, indx);
   7878 	ptr = mp->mp_ptrs[indx];
   7879 #if MDB_DEBUG
   7880 	{
   7881 		MDB_val	k2;
   7882 		char kbuf2[DKBUF_MAXKEYSIZE*2+1];
   7883 		k2.mv_data = NODEKEY(node);
   7884 		k2.mv_size = node->mn_ksize;
   7885 		DPRINTF(("update key %u (ofs %u) [%s] to [%s] on page %"Z"u",
   7886 			indx, ptr,
   7887 			mdb_dkey(&k2, kbuf2),
   7888 			DKEY(key),
   7889 			mp->mp_pgno));
   7890 	}
   7891 #endif
   7892 
   7893 	/* Sizes must be 2-byte aligned. */
   7894 	ksize = EVEN(key->mv_size);
   7895 	oksize = EVEN(node->mn_ksize);
   7896 	delta = ksize - oksize;
   7897 
   7898 	/* Shift node contents if EVEN(key length) changed. */
   7899 	if (delta) {
   7900 		if (delta > 0 && SIZELEFT(mp) < delta) {
   7901 			pgno_t pgno;
   7902 			/* not enough space left, do a delete and split */
   7903 			DPRINTF(("Not enough room, delta = %d, splitting...", delta));
   7904 			pgno = NODEPGNO(node);
   7905 			mdb_node_del(mc, 0);
   7906 			return mdb_page_split(mc, key, NULL, pgno, MDB_SPLIT_REPLACE);
   7907 		}
   7908 
   7909 		numkeys = NUMKEYS(mp);
   7910 		for (i = 0; i < numkeys; i++) {
   7911 			if (mp->mp_ptrs[i] <= ptr)
   7912 				mp->mp_ptrs[i] -= delta;
   7913 		}
   7914 
   7915 		base = (char *)mp + mp->mp_upper + PAGEBASE;
   7916 		len = ptr - mp->mp_upper + NODESIZE;
   7917 		memmove(base - delta, base, len);
   7918 		mp->mp_upper -= delta;
   7919 
   7920 		node = NODEPTR(mp, indx);
   7921 	}
   7922 
   7923 	/* But even if no shift was needed, update ksize */
   7924 	if (node->mn_ksize != key->mv_size)
   7925 		node->mn_ksize = key->mv_size;
   7926 
   7927 	if (key->mv_size)
   7928 		memcpy(NODEKEY(node), key->mv_data, key->mv_size);
   7929 
   7930 	return MDB_SUCCESS;
   7931 }
   7932 
   7933 static void
   7934 mdb_cursor_copy(const MDB_cursor *csrc, MDB_cursor *cdst);
   7935 
   7936 /** Perform \b act while tracking temporary cursor \b mn */
   7937 #define WITH_CURSOR_TRACKING(mn, act) do { \
   7938 	MDB_cursor dummy, *tracked, **tp = &(mn).mc_txn->mt_cursors[mn.mc_dbi]; \
   7939 	if ((mn).mc_flags & C_SUB) { \
   7940 		dummy.mc_flags =  C_INITIALIZED; \
   7941 		dummy.mc_xcursor = (MDB_xcursor *)&(mn);	\
   7942 		tracked = &dummy; \
   7943 	} else { \
   7944 		tracked = &(mn); \
   7945 	} \
   7946 	tracked->mc_next = *tp; \
   7947 	*tp = tracked; \
   7948 	{ act; } \
   7949 	*tp = tracked->mc_next; \
   7950 } while (0)
   7951 
   7952 /** Move a node from csrc to cdst.
   7953  */
   7954 static int
   7955 mdb_node_move(MDB_cursor *csrc, MDB_cursor *cdst, int fromleft)
   7956 {
   7957 	MDB_node		*srcnode;
   7958 	MDB_val		 key, data;
   7959 	pgno_t	srcpg;
   7960 	MDB_cursor mn;
   7961 	int			 rc;
   7962 	unsigned short flags;
   7963 
   7964 	DKBUF;
   7965 
   7966 	/* Mark src and dst as dirty. */
   7967 	if ((rc = mdb_page_touch(csrc)) ||
   7968 	    (rc = mdb_page_touch(cdst)))
   7969 		return rc;
   7970 
   7971 	if (IS_LEAF2(csrc->mc_pg[csrc->mc_top])) {
   7972 		key.mv_size = csrc->mc_db->md_pad;
   7973 		key.mv_data = LEAF2KEY(csrc->mc_pg[csrc->mc_top], csrc->mc_ki[csrc->mc_top], key.mv_size);
   7974 		data.mv_size = 0;
   7975 		data.mv_data = NULL;
   7976 		srcpg = 0;
   7977 		flags = 0;
   7978 	} else {
   7979 		srcnode = NODEPTR(csrc->mc_pg[csrc->mc_top], csrc->mc_ki[csrc->mc_top]);
   7980 		mdb_cassert(csrc, !((size_t)srcnode & 1));
   7981 		srcpg = NODEPGNO(srcnode);
   7982 		flags = srcnode->mn_flags;
   7983 		if (csrc->mc_ki[csrc->mc_top] == 0 && IS_BRANCH(csrc->mc_pg[csrc->mc_top])) {
   7984 			unsigned int snum = csrc->mc_snum;
   7985 			MDB_node *s2;
   7986 			/* must find the lowest key below src */
   7987 			rc = mdb_page_search_lowest(csrc);
   7988 			if (rc)
   7989 				return rc;
   7990 			if (IS_LEAF2(csrc->mc_pg[csrc->mc_top])) {
   7991 				key.mv_size = csrc->mc_db->md_pad;
   7992 				key.mv_data = LEAF2KEY(csrc->mc_pg[csrc->mc_top], 0, key.mv_size);
   7993 			} else {
   7994 				s2 = NODEPTR(csrc->mc_pg[csrc->mc_top], 0);
   7995 				key.mv_size = NODEKSZ(s2);
   7996 				key.mv_data = NODEKEY(s2);
   7997 			}
   7998 			csrc->mc_snum = snum--;
   7999 			csrc->mc_top = snum;
   8000 		} else {
   8001 			key.mv_size = NODEKSZ(srcnode);
   8002 			key.mv_data = NODEKEY(srcnode);
   8003 		}
   8004 		data.mv_size = NODEDSZ(srcnode);
   8005 		data.mv_data = NODEDATA(srcnode);
   8006 	}
   8007 	mn.mc_xcursor = NULL;
   8008 	if (IS_BRANCH(cdst->mc_pg[cdst->mc_top]) && cdst->mc_ki[cdst->mc_top] == 0) {
   8009 		unsigned int snum = cdst->mc_snum;
   8010 		MDB_node *s2;
   8011 		MDB_val bkey;
   8012 		/* must find the lowest key below dst */
   8013 		mdb_cursor_copy(cdst, &mn);
   8014 		rc = mdb_page_search_lowest(&mn);
   8015 		if (rc)
   8016 			return rc;
   8017 		if (IS_LEAF2(mn.mc_pg[mn.mc_top])) {
   8018 			bkey.mv_size = mn.mc_db->md_pad;
   8019 			bkey.mv_data = LEAF2KEY(mn.mc_pg[mn.mc_top], 0, bkey.mv_size);
   8020 		} else {
   8021 			s2 = NODEPTR(mn.mc_pg[mn.mc_top], 0);
   8022 			bkey.mv_size = NODEKSZ(s2);
   8023 			bkey.mv_data = NODEKEY(s2);
   8024 		}
   8025 		mn.mc_snum = snum--;
   8026 		mn.mc_top = snum;
   8027 		mn.mc_ki[snum] = 0;
   8028 		rc = mdb_update_key(&mn, &bkey);
   8029 		if (rc)
   8030 			return rc;
   8031 	}
   8032 
   8033 	DPRINTF(("moving %s node %u [%s] on page %"Z"u to node %u on page %"Z"u",
   8034 	    IS_LEAF(csrc->mc_pg[csrc->mc_top]) ? "leaf" : "branch",
   8035 	    csrc->mc_ki[csrc->mc_top],
   8036 		DKEY(&key),
   8037 	    csrc->mc_pg[csrc->mc_top]->mp_pgno,
   8038 	    cdst->mc_ki[cdst->mc_top], cdst->mc_pg[cdst->mc_top]->mp_pgno));
   8039 
   8040 	/* Add the node to the destination page.
   8041 	 */
   8042 	rc = mdb_node_add(cdst, cdst->mc_ki[cdst->mc_top], &key, &data, srcpg, flags);
   8043 	if (rc != MDB_SUCCESS)
   8044 		return rc;
   8045 
   8046 	/* Delete the node from the source page.
   8047 	 */
   8048 	mdb_node_del(csrc, key.mv_size);
   8049 
   8050 	{
   8051 		/* Adjust other cursors pointing to mp */
   8052 		MDB_cursor *m2, *m3;
   8053 		MDB_dbi dbi = csrc->mc_dbi;
   8054 		MDB_page *mpd, *mps;
   8055 
   8056 		mps = csrc->mc_pg[csrc->mc_top];
   8057 		/* If we're adding on the left, bump others up */
   8058 		if (fromleft) {
   8059 			mpd = cdst->mc_pg[csrc->mc_top];
   8060 			for (m2 = csrc->mc_txn->mt_cursors[dbi]; m2; m2=m2->mc_next) {
   8061 				if (csrc->mc_flags & C_SUB)
   8062 					m3 = &m2->mc_xcursor->mx_cursor;
   8063 				else
   8064 					m3 = m2;
   8065 				if (!(m3->mc_flags & C_INITIALIZED) || m3->mc_top < csrc->mc_top)
   8066 					continue;
   8067 				if (m3 != cdst &&
   8068 					m3->mc_pg[csrc->mc_top] == mpd &&
   8069 					m3->mc_ki[csrc->mc_top] >= cdst->mc_ki[csrc->mc_top]) {
   8070 					m3->mc_ki[csrc->mc_top]++;
   8071 				}
   8072 				if (m3 !=csrc &&
   8073 					m3->mc_pg[csrc->mc_top] == mps &&
   8074 					m3->mc_ki[csrc->mc_top] == csrc->mc_ki[csrc->mc_top]) {
   8075 					m3->mc_pg[csrc->mc_top] = cdst->mc_pg[cdst->mc_top];
   8076 					m3->mc_ki[csrc->mc_top] = cdst->mc_ki[cdst->mc_top];
   8077 					m3->mc_ki[csrc->mc_top-1]++;
   8078 				}
   8079 				if (IS_LEAF(mps))
   8080 					XCURSOR_REFRESH(m3, csrc->mc_top, m3->mc_pg[csrc->mc_top]);
   8081 			}
   8082 		} else
   8083 		/* Adding on the right, bump others down */
   8084 		{
   8085 			for (m2 = csrc->mc_txn->mt_cursors[dbi]; m2; m2=m2->mc_next) {
   8086 				if (csrc->mc_flags & C_SUB)
   8087 					m3 = &m2->mc_xcursor->mx_cursor;
   8088 				else
   8089 					m3 = m2;
   8090 				if (m3 == csrc) continue;
   8091 				if (!(m3->mc_flags & C_INITIALIZED) || m3->mc_top < csrc->mc_top)
   8092 					continue;
   8093 				if (m3->mc_pg[csrc->mc_top] == mps) {
   8094 					if (!m3->mc_ki[csrc->mc_top]) {
   8095 						m3->mc_pg[csrc->mc_top] = cdst->mc_pg[cdst->mc_top];
   8096 						m3->mc_ki[csrc->mc_top] = cdst->mc_ki[cdst->mc_top];
   8097 						m3->mc_ki[csrc->mc_top-1]--;
   8098 					} else {
   8099 						m3->mc_ki[csrc->mc_top]--;
   8100 					}
   8101 					if (IS_LEAF(mps))
   8102 						XCURSOR_REFRESH(m3, csrc->mc_top, m3->mc_pg[csrc->mc_top]);
   8103 				}
   8104 			}
   8105 		}
   8106 	}
   8107 
   8108 	/* Update the parent separators.
   8109 	 */
   8110 	if (csrc->mc_ki[csrc->mc_top] == 0) {
   8111 		if (csrc->mc_ki[csrc->mc_top-1] != 0) {
   8112 			if (IS_LEAF2(csrc->mc_pg[csrc->mc_top])) {
   8113 				key.mv_data = LEAF2KEY(csrc->mc_pg[csrc->mc_top], 0, key.mv_size);
   8114 			} else {
   8115 				srcnode = NODEPTR(csrc->mc_pg[csrc->mc_top], 0);
   8116 				key.mv_size = NODEKSZ(srcnode);
   8117 				key.mv_data = NODEKEY(srcnode);
   8118 			}
   8119 			DPRINTF(("update separator for source page %"Z"u to [%s]",
   8120 				csrc->mc_pg[csrc->mc_top]->mp_pgno, DKEY(&key)));
   8121 			mdb_cursor_copy(csrc, &mn);
   8122 			mn.mc_snum--;
   8123 			mn.mc_top--;
   8124 			/* We want mdb_rebalance to find mn when doing fixups */
   8125 			WITH_CURSOR_TRACKING(mn,
   8126 				rc = mdb_update_key(&mn, &key));
   8127 			if (rc)
   8128 				return rc;
   8129 		}
   8130 		if (IS_BRANCH(csrc->mc_pg[csrc->mc_top])) {
   8131 			MDB_val	 nullkey;
   8132 			indx_t	ix = csrc->mc_ki[csrc->mc_top];
   8133 			nullkey.mv_size = 0;
   8134 			csrc->mc_ki[csrc->mc_top] = 0;
   8135 			rc = mdb_update_key(csrc, &nullkey);
   8136 			csrc->mc_ki[csrc->mc_top] = ix;
   8137 			mdb_cassert(csrc, rc == MDB_SUCCESS);
   8138 		}
   8139 	}
   8140 
   8141 	if (cdst->mc_ki[cdst->mc_top] == 0) {
   8142 		if (cdst->mc_ki[cdst->mc_top-1] != 0) {
   8143 			if (IS_LEAF2(csrc->mc_pg[csrc->mc_top])) {
   8144 				key.mv_data = LEAF2KEY(cdst->mc_pg[cdst->mc_top], 0, key.mv_size);
   8145 			} else {
   8146 				srcnode = NODEPTR(cdst->mc_pg[cdst->mc_top], 0);
   8147 				key.mv_size = NODEKSZ(srcnode);
   8148 				key.mv_data = NODEKEY(srcnode);
   8149 			}
   8150 			DPRINTF(("update separator for destination page %"Z"u to [%s]",
   8151 				cdst->mc_pg[cdst->mc_top]->mp_pgno, DKEY(&key)));
   8152 			mdb_cursor_copy(cdst, &mn);
   8153 			mn.mc_snum--;
   8154 			mn.mc_top--;
   8155 			/* We want mdb_rebalance to find mn when doing fixups */
   8156 			WITH_CURSOR_TRACKING(mn,
   8157 				rc = mdb_update_key(&mn, &key));
   8158 			if (rc)
   8159 				return rc;
   8160 		}
   8161 		if (IS_BRANCH(cdst->mc_pg[cdst->mc_top])) {
   8162 			MDB_val	 nullkey;
   8163 			indx_t	ix = cdst->mc_ki[cdst->mc_top];
   8164 			nullkey.mv_size = 0;
   8165 			cdst->mc_ki[cdst->mc_top] = 0;
   8166 			rc = mdb_update_key(cdst, &nullkey);
   8167 			cdst->mc_ki[cdst->mc_top] = ix;
   8168 			mdb_cassert(cdst, rc == MDB_SUCCESS);
   8169 		}
   8170 	}
   8171 
   8172 	return MDB_SUCCESS;
   8173 }
   8174 
   8175 /** Merge one page into another.
   8176  *  The nodes from the page pointed to by \b csrc will
   8177  *	be copied to the page pointed to by \b cdst and then
   8178  *	the \b csrc page will be freed.
   8179  * @param[in] csrc Cursor pointing to the source page.
   8180  * @param[in] cdst Cursor pointing to the destination page.
   8181  * @return 0 on success, non-zero on failure.
   8182  */
   8183 static int
   8184 mdb_page_merge(MDB_cursor *csrc, MDB_cursor *cdst)
   8185 {
   8186 	MDB_page	*psrc, *pdst;
   8187 	MDB_node	*srcnode;
   8188 	MDB_val		 key, data;
   8189 	unsigned	 nkeys;
   8190 	int			 rc;
   8191 	indx_t		 i, j;
   8192 
   8193 	psrc = csrc->mc_pg[csrc->mc_top];
   8194 	pdst = cdst->mc_pg[cdst->mc_top];
   8195 
   8196 	DPRINTF(("merging page %"Z"u into %"Z"u", psrc->mp_pgno, pdst->mp_pgno));
   8197 
   8198 	mdb_cassert(csrc, csrc->mc_snum > 1);	/* can't merge root page */
   8199 	mdb_cassert(csrc, cdst->mc_snum > 1);
   8200 
   8201 	/* Mark dst as dirty. */
   8202 	if ((rc = mdb_page_touch(cdst)))
   8203 		return rc;
   8204 
   8205 	/* get dst page again now that we've touched it. */
   8206 	pdst = cdst->mc_pg[cdst->mc_top];
   8207 
   8208 	/* Move all nodes from src to dst.
   8209 	 */
   8210 	j = nkeys = NUMKEYS(pdst);
   8211 	if (IS_LEAF2(psrc)) {
   8212 		key.mv_size = csrc->mc_db->md_pad;
   8213 		key.mv_data = METADATA(psrc);
   8214 		for (i = 0; i < NUMKEYS(psrc); i++, j++) {
   8215 			rc = mdb_node_add(cdst, j, &key, NULL, 0, 0);
   8216 			if (rc != MDB_SUCCESS)
   8217 				return rc;
   8218 			key.mv_data = (char *)key.mv_data + key.mv_size;
   8219 		}
   8220 	} else {
   8221 		for (i = 0; i < NUMKEYS(psrc); i++, j++) {
   8222 			srcnode = NODEPTR(psrc, i);
   8223 			if (i == 0 && IS_BRANCH(psrc)) {
   8224 				MDB_cursor mn;
   8225 				MDB_node *s2;
   8226 				mdb_cursor_copy(csrc, &mn);
   8227 				mn.mc_xcursor = NULL;
   8228 				/* must find the lowest key below src */
   8229 				rc = mdb_page_search_lowest(&mn);
   8230 				if (rc)
   8231 					return rc;
   8232 				if (IS_LEAF2(mn.mc_pg[mn.mc_top])) {
   8233 					key.mv_size = mn.mc_db->md_pad;
   8234 					key.mv_data = LEAF2KEY(mn.mc_pg[mn.mc_top], 0, key.mv_size);
   8235 				} else {
   8236 					s2 = NODEPTR(mn.mc_pg[mn.mc_top], 0);
   8237 					key.mv_size = NODEKSZ(s2);
   8238 					key.mv_data = NODEKEY(s2);
   8239 				}
   8240 			} else {
   8241 				key.mv_size = srcnode->mn_ksize;
   8242 				key.mv_data = NODEKEY(srcnode);
   8243 			}
   8244 
   8245 			data.mv_size = NODEDSZ(srcnode);
   8246 			data.mv_data = NODEDATA(srcnode);
   8247 			rc = mdb_node_add(cdst, j, &key, &data, NODEPGNO(srcnode), srcnode->mn_flags);
   8248 			if (rc != MDB_SUCCESS)
   8249 				return rc;
   8250 		}
   8251 	}
   8252 
   8253 	DPRINTF(("dst page %"Z"u now has %u keys (%.1f%% filled)",
   8254 	    pdst->mp_pgno, NUMKEYS(pdst),
   8255 		(float)PAGEFILL(cdst->mc_txn->mt_env, pdst) / 10));
   8256 
   8257 	/* Unlink the src page from parent and add to free list.
   8258 	 */
   8259 	csrc->mc_top--;
   8260 	mdb_node_del(csrc, 0);
   8261 	if (csrc->mc_ki[csrc->mc_top] == 0) {
   8262 		key.mv_size = 0;
   8263 		rc = mdb_update_key(csrc, &key);
   8264 		if (rc) {
   8265 			csrc->mc_top++;
   8266 			return rc;
   8267 		}
   8268 	}
   8269 	csrc->mc_top++;
   8270 
   8271 	psrc = csrc->mc_pg[csrc->mc_top];
   8272 	/* If not operating on FreeDB, allow this page to be reused
   8273 	 * in this txn. Otherwise just add to free list.
   8274 	 */
   8275 	rc = mdb_page_loose(csrc, psrc);
   8276 	if (rc)
   8277 		return rc;
   8278 	if (IS_LEAF(psrc))
   8279 		csrc->mc_db->md_leaf_pages--;
   8280 	else
   8281 		csrc->mc_db->md_branch_pages--;
   8282 	{
   8283 		/* Adjust other cursors pointing to mp */
   8284 		MDB_cursor *m2, *m3;
   8285 		MDB_dbi dbi = csrc->mc_dbi;
   8286 		unsigned int top = csrc->mc_top;
   8287 
   8288 		for (m2 = csrc->mc_txn->mt_cursors[dbi]; m2; m2=m2->mc_next) {
   8289 			if (csrc->mc_flags & C_SUB)
   8290 				m3 = &m2->mc_xcursor->mx_cursor;
   8291 			else
   8292 				m3 = m2;
   8293 			if (m3 == csrc) continue;
   8294 			if (m3->mc_snum < csrc->mc_snum) continue;
   8295 			if (m3->mc_pg[top] == psrc) {
   8296 				m3->mc_pg[top] = pdst;
   8297 				m3->mc_ki[top] += nkeys;
   8298 				m3->mc_ki[top-1] = cdst->mc_ki[top-1];
   8299 			} else if (m3->mc_pg[top-1] == csrc->mc_pg[top-1] &&
   8300 				m3->mc_ki[top-1] > csrc->mc_ki[top-1]) {
   8301 				m3->mc_ki[top-1]--;
   8302 			}
   8303 			if (IS_LEAF(psrc))
   8304 				XCURSOR_REFRESH(m3, top, m3->mc_pg[top]);
   8305 		}
   8306 	}
   8307 	{
   8308 		unsigned int snum = cdst->mc_snum;
   8309 		uint16_t depth = cdst->mc_db->md_depth;
   8310 		mdb_cursor_pop(cdst);
   8311 		rc = mdb_rebalance(cdst);
   8312 		/* Did the tree height change? */
   8313 		if (depth != cdst->mc_db->md_depth)
   8314 			snum += cdst->mc_db->md_depth - depth;
   8315 		cdst->mc_snum = snum;
   8316 		cdst->mc_top = snum-1;
   8317 	}
   8318 	return rc;
   8319 }
   8320 
   8321 /** Copy the contents of a cursor.
   8322  * @param[in] csrc The cursor to copy from.
   8323  * @param[out] cdst The cursor to copy to.
   8324  */
   8325 static void
   8326 mdb_cursor_copy(const MDB_cursor *csrc, MDB_cursor *cdst)
   8327 {
   8328 	unsigned int i;
   8329 
   8330 	cdst->mc_txn = csrc->mc_txn;
   8331 	cdst->mc_dbi = csrc->mc_dbi;
   8332 	cdst->mc_db  = csrc->mc_db;
   8333 	cdst->mc_dbx = csrc->mc_dbx;
   8334 	cdst->mc_snum = csrc->mc_snum;
   8335 	cdst->mc_top = csrc->mc_top;
   8336 	cdst->mc_flags = csrc->mc_flags;
   8337 
   8338 	for (i=0; i<csrc->mc_snum; i++) {
   8339 		cdst->mc_pg[i] = csrc->mc_pg[i];
   8340 		cdst->mc_ki[i] = csrc->mc_ki[i];
   8341 	}
   8342 }
   8343 
   8344 /** Rebalance the tree after a delete operation.
   8345  * @param[in] mc Cursor pointing to the page where rebalancing
   8346  * should begin.
   8347  * @return 0 on success, non-zero on failure.
   8348  */
   8349 static int
   8350 mdb_rebalance(MDB_cursor *mc)
   8351 {
   8352 	MDB_node	*node;
   8353 	int rc, fromleft;
   8354 	unsigned int ptop, minkeys, thresh;
   8355 	MDB_cursor	mn;
   8356 	indx_t oldki;
   8357 
   8358 	if (IS_BRANCH(mc->mc_pg[mc->mc_top])) {
   8359 		minkeys = 2;
   8360 		thresh = 1;
   8361 	} else {
   8362 		minkeys = 1;
   8363 		thresh = FILL_THRESHOLD;
   8364 	}
   8365 	DPRINTF(("rebalancing %s page %"Z"u (has %u keys, %.1f%% full)",
   8366 	    IS_LEAF(mc->mc_pg[mc->mc_top]) ? "leaf" : "branch",
   8367 	    mdb_dbg_pgno(mc->mc_pg[mc->mc_top]), NUMKEYS(mc->mc_pg[mc->mc_top]),
   8368 		(float)PAGEFILL(mc->mc_txn->mt_env, mc->mc_pg[mc->mc_top]) / 10));
   8369 
   8370 	if (PAGEFILL(mc->mc_txn->mt_env, mc->mc_pg[mc->mc_top]) >= thresh &&
   8371 		NUMKEYS(mc->mc_pg[mc->mc_top]) >= minkeys) {
   8372 		DPRINTF(("no need to rebalance page %"Z"u, above fill threshold",
   8373 		    mdb_dbg_pgno(mc->mc_pg[mc->mc_top])));
   8374 		return MDB_SUCCESS;
   8375 	}
   8376 
   8377 	if (mc->mc_snum < 2) {
   8378 		MDB_page *mp = mc->mc_pg[0];
   8379 		if (IS_SUBP(mp)) {
   8380 			DPUTS("Can't rebalance a subpage, ignoring");
   8381 			return MDB_SUCCESS;
   8382 		}
   8383 		if (NUMKEYS(mp) == 0) {
   8384 			DPUTS("tree is completely empty");
   8385 			mc->mc_db->md_root = P_INVALID;
   8386 			mc->mc_db->md_depth = 0;
   8387 			mc->mc_db->md_leaf_pages = 0;
   8388 			rc = mdb_midl_append(&mc->mc_txn->mt_free_pgs, mp->mp_pgno);
   8389 			if (rc)
   8390 				return rc;
   8391 			/* Adjust cursors pointing to mp */
   8392 			mc->mc_snum = 0;
   8393 			mc->mc_top = 0;
   8394 			mc->mc_flags &= ~C_INITIALIZED;
   8395 			{
   8396 				MDB_cursor *m2, *m3;
   8397 				MDB_dbi dbi = mc->mc_dbi;
   8398 
   8399 				for (m2 = mc->mc_txn->mt_cursors[dbi]; m2; m2=m2->mc_next) {
   8400 					if (mc->mc_flags & C_SUB)
   8401 						m3 = &m2->mc_xcursor->mx_cursor;
   8402 					else
   8403 						m3 = m2;
   8404 					if (!(m3->mc_flags & C_INITIALIZED) || (m3->mc_snum < mc->mc_snum))
   8405 						continue;
   8406 					if (m3->mc_pg[0] == mp) {
   8407 						m3->mc_snum = 0;
   8408 						m3->mc_top = 0;
   8409 						m3->mc_flags &= ~C_INITIALIZED;
   8410 					}
   8411 				}
   8412 			}
   8413 		} else if (IS_BRANCH(mp) && NUMKEYS(mp) == 1) {
   8414 			int i;
   8415 			DPUTS("collapsing root page!");
   8416 			rc = mdb_midl_append(&mc->mc_txn->mt_free_pgs, mp->mp_pgno);
   8417 			if (rc)
   8418 				return rc;
   8419 			mc->mc_db->md_root = NODEPGNO(NODEPTR(mp, 0));
   8420 			rc = mdb_page_get(mc, mc->mc_db->md_root, &mc->mc_pg[0], NULL);
   8421 			if (rc)
   8422 				return rc;
   8423 			mc->mc_db->md_depth--;
   8424 			mc->mc_db->md_branch_pages--;
   8425 			mc->mc_ki[0] = mc->mc_ki[1];
   8426 			for (i = 1; i<mc->mc_db->md_depth; i++) {
   8427 				mc->mc_pg[i] = mc->mc_pg[i+1];
   8428 				mc->mc_ki[i] = mc->mc_ki[i+1];
   8429 			}
   8430 			{
   8431 				/* Adjust other cursors pointing to mp */
   8432 				MDB_cursor *m2, *m3;
   8433 				MDB_dbi dbi = mc->mc_dbi;
   8434 
   8435 				for (m2 = mc->mc_txn->mt_cursors[dbi]; m2; m2=m2->mc_next) {
   8436 					if (mc->mc_flags & C_SUB)
   8437 						m3 = &m2->mc_xcursor->mx_cursor;
   8438 					else
   8439 						m3 = m2;
   8440 					if (m3 == mc) continue;
   8441 					if (!(m3->mc_flags & C_INITIALIZED))
   8442 						continue;
   8443 					if (m3->mc_pg[0] == mp) {
   8444 						for (i=0; i<mc->mc_db->md_depth; i++) {
   8445 							m3->mc_pg[i] = m3->mc_pg[i+1];
   8446 							m3->mc_ki[i] = m3->mc_ki[i+1];
   8447 						}
   8448 						m3->mc_snum--;
   8449 						m3->mc_top--;
   8450 					}
   8451 				}
   8452 			}
   8453 		} else
   8454 			DPUTS("root page doesn't need rebalancing");
   8455 		return MDB_SUCCESS;
   8456 	}
   8457 
   8458 	/* The parent (branch page) must have at least 2 pointers,
   8459 	 * otherwise the tree is invalid.
   8460 	 */
   8461 	ptop = mc->mc_top-1;
   8462 	mdb_cassert(mc, NUMKEYS(mc->mc_pg[ptop]) > 1);
   8463 
   8464 	/* Leaf page fill factor is below the threshold.
   8465 	 * Try to move keys from left or right neighbor, or
   8466 	 * merge with a neighbor page.
   8467 	 */
   8468 
   8469 	/* Find neighbors.
   8470 	 */
   8471 	mdb_cursor_copy(mc, &mn);
   8472 	mn.mc_xcursor = NULL;
   8473 
   8474 	oldki = mc->mc_ki[mc->mc_top];
   8475 	if (mc->mc_ki[ptop] == 0) {
   8476 		/* We're the leftmost leaf in our parent.
   8477 		 */
   8478 		DPUTS("reading right neighbor");
   8479 		mn.mc_ki[ptop]++;
   8480 		node = NODEPTR(mc->mc_pg[ptop], mn.mc_ki[ptop]);
   8481 		rc = mdb_page_get(mc, NODEPGNO(node), &mn.mc_pg[mn.mc_top], NULL);
   8482 		if (rc)
   8483 			return rc;
   8484 		mn.mc_ki[mn.mc_top] = 0;
   8485 		mc->mc_ki[mc->mc_top] = NUMKEYS(mc->mc_pg[mc->mc_top]);
   8486 		fromleft = 0;
   8487 	} else {
   8488 		/* There is at least one neighbor to the left.
   8489 		 */
   8490 		DPUTS("reading left neighbor");
   8491 		mn.mc_ki[ptop]--;
   8492 		node = NODEPTR(mc->mc_pg[ptop], mn.mc_ki[ptop]);
   8493 		rc = mdb_page_get(mc, NODEPGNO(node), &mn.mc_pg[mn.mc_top], NULL);
   8494 		if (rc)
   8495 			return rc;
   8496 		mn.mc_ki[mn.mc_top] = NUMKEYS(mn.mc_pg[mn.mc_top]) - 1;
   8497 		mc->mc_ki[mc->mc_top] = 0;
   8498 		fromleft = 1;
   8499 	}
   8500 
   8501 	DPRINTF(("found neighbor page %"Z"u (%u keys, %.1f%% full)",
   8502 	    mn.mc_pg[mn.mc_top]->mp_pgno, NUMKEYS(mn.mc_pg[mn.mc_top]),
   8503 		(float)PAGEFILL(mc->mc_txn->mt_env, mn.mc_pg[mn.mc_top]) / 10));
   8504 
   8505 	/* If the neighbor page is above threshold and has enough keys,
   8506 	 * move one key from it. Otherwise we should try to merge them.
   8507 	 * (A branch page must never have less than 2 keys.)
   8508 	 */
   8509 	if (PAGEFILL(mc->mc_txn->mt_env, mn.mc_pg[mn.mc_top]) >= thresh && NUMKEYS(mn.mc_pg[mn.mc_top]) > minkeys) {
   8510 		rc = mdb_node_move(&mn, mc, fromleft);
   8511 		if (fromleft) {
   8512 			/* if we inserted on left, bump position up */
   8513 			oldki++;
   8514 		}
   8515 	} else {
   8516 		if (!fromleft) {
   8517 			rc = mdb_page_merge(&mn, mc);
   8518 		} else {
   8519 			oldki += NUMKEYS(mn.mc_pg[mn.mc_top]);
   8520 			mn.mc_ki[mn.mc_top] += mc->mc_ki[mn.mc_top] + 1;
   8521 			/* We want mdb_rebalance to find mn when doing fixups */
   8522 			WITH_CURSOR_TRACKING(mn,
   8523 				rc = mdb_page_merge(mc, &mn));
   8524 			mdb_cursor_copy(&mn, mc);
   8525 		}
   8526 		mc->mc_flags &= ~C_EOF;
   8527 	}
   8528 	mc->mc_ki[mc->mc_top] = oldki;
   8529 	return rc;
   8530 }
   8531 
   8532 /** Complete a delete operation started by #mdb_cursor_del(). */
   8533 static int
   8534 mdb_cursor_del0(MDB_cursor *mc)
   8535 {
   8536 	int rc;
   8537 	MDB_page *mp;
   8538 	indx_t ki;
   8539 	unsigned int nkeys;
   8540 	MDB_cursor *m2, *m3;
   8541 	MDB_dbi dbi = mc->mc_dbi;
   8542 
   8543 	ki = mc->mc_ki[mc->mc_top];
   8544 	mp = mc->mc_pg[mc->mc_top];
   8545 	mdb_node_del(mc, mc->mc_db->md_pad);
   8546 	mc->mc_db->md_entries--;
   8547 	{
   8548 		/* Adjust other cursors pointing to mp */
   8549 		for (m2 = mc->mc_txn->mt_cursors[dbi]; m2; m2=m2->mc_next) {
   8550 			m3 = (mc->mc_flags & C_SUB) ? &m2->mc_xcursor->mx_cursor : m2;
   8551 			if (! (m2->mc_flags & m3->mc_flags & C_INITIALIZED))
   8552 				continue;
   8553 			if (m3 == mc || m3->mc_snum < mc->mc_snum)
   8554 				continue;
   8555 			if (m3->mc_pg[mc->mc_top] == mp) {
   8556 				if (m3->mc_ki[mc->mc_top] == ki) {
   8557 					m3->mc_flags |= C_DEL;
   8558 					if (mc->mc_db->md_flags & MDB_DUPSORT) {
   8559 						/* Sub-cursor referred into dataset which is gone */
   8560 						m3->mc_xcursor->mx_cursor.mc_flags &= ~(C_INITIALIZED|C_EOF);
   8561 					}
   8562 					continue;
   8563 				} else if (m3->mc_ki[mc->mc_top] > ki) {
   8564 					m3->mc_ki[mc->mc_top]--;
   8565 				}
   8566 				XCURSOR_REFRESH(m3, mc->mc_top, mp);
   8567 			}
   8568 		}
   8569 	}
   8570 	rc = mdb_rebalance(mc);
   8571 	if (rc)
   8572 		goto fail;
   8573 
   8574 	/* DB is totally empty now, just bail out.
   8575 	 * Other cursors adjustments were already done
   8576 	 * by mdb_rebalance and aren't needed here.
   8577 	 */
   8578 	if (!mc->mc_snum) {
   8579 		mc->mc_flags |= C_EOF;
   8580 		return rc;
   8581 	}
   8582 
   8583 	mp = mc->mc_pg[mc->mc_top];
   8584 	nkeys = NUMKEYS(mp);
   8585 
   8586 	/* Adjust other cursors pointing to mp */
   8587 	for (m2 = mc->mc_txn->mt_cursors[dbi]; !rc && m2; m2=m2->mc_next) {
   8588 		m3 = (mc->mc_flags & C_SUB) ? &m2->mc_xcursor->mx_cursor : m2;
   8589 		if (!(m2->mc_flags & m3->mc_flags & C_INITIALIZED))
   8590 			continue;
   8591 		if (m3->mc_snum < mc->mc_snum)
   8592 			continue;
   8593 		if (m3->mc_pg[mc->mc_top] == mp) {
   8594 			if (m3->mc_ki[mc->mc_top] >= mc->mc_ki[mc->mc_top]) {
   8595 			/* if m3 points past last node in page, find next sibling */
   8596 				if (m3->mc_ki[mc->mc_top] >= nkeys) {
   8597 					rc = mdb_cursor_sibling(m3, 1);
   8598 					if (rc == MDB_NOTFOUND) {
   8599 						m3->mc_flags |= C_EOF;
   8600 						rc = MDB_SUCCESS;
   8601 						continue;
   8602 					}
   8603 					if (rc)
   8604 						goto fail;
   8605 				}
   8606 				if (m3->mc_xcursor && !(m3->mc_flags & C_EOF)) {
   8607 					MDB_node *node = NODEPTR(m3->mc_pg[m3->mc_top], m3->mc_ki[m3->mc_top]);
   8608 					/* If this node has dupdata, it may need to be reinited
   8609 					 * because its data has moved.
   8610 					 * If the xcursor was not initd it must be reinited.
   8611 					 * Else if node points to a subDB, nothing is needed.
   8612 					 * Else (xcursor was initd, not a subDB) needs mc_pg[0] reset.
   8613 					 */
   8614 					if (node->mn_flags & F_DUPDATA) {
   8615 						if (m3->mc_xcursor->mx_cursor.mc_flags & C_INITIALIZED) {
   8616 							if (!(node->mn_flags & F_SUBDATA))
   8617 								m3->mc_xcursor->mx_cursor.mc_pg[0] = NODEDATA(node);
   8618 						} else {
   8619 							mdb_xcursor_init1(m3, node);
   8620 							rc = mdb_cursor_first(&m3->mc_xcursor->mx_cursor, NULL, NULL);
   8621 							if (rc)
   8622 								goto fail;
   8623 						}
   8624 					}
   8625 					m3->mc_xcursor->mx_cursor.mc_flags |= C_DEL;
   8626 				}
   8627 			}
   8628 		}
   8629 	}
   8630 	mc->mc_flags |= C_DEL;
   8631 
   8632 fail:
   8633 	if (rc)
   8634 		mc->mc_txn->mt_flags |= MDB_TXN_ERROR;
   8635 	return rc;
   8636 }
   8637 
   8638 int
   8639 mdb_del(MDB_txn *txn, MDB_dbi dbi,
   8640     MDB_val *key, MDB_val *data)
   8641 {
   8642 	DKBUF;
   8643 	DDBUF;
   8644 	if (!key || !TXN_DBI_EXIST(txn, dbi, DB_USRVALID))
   8645 		return EINVAL;
   8646 
   8647 	if (txn->mt_flags & (MDB_TXN_RDONLY|MDB_TXN_BLOCKED))
   8648 		return (txn->mt_flags & MDB_TXN_RDONLY) ? EACCES : MDB_BAD_TXN;
   8649 
   8650 	if (!F_ISSET(txn->mt_dbs[dbi].md_flags, MDB_DUPSORT)) {
   8651 		/* must ignore any data */
   8652 		data = NULL;
   8653 	}
   8654 
   8655 	MDB_TRACE(("%p, %u, %"Z"u[%s], %"Z"u%s",
   8656 		txn, dbi, key ? key->mv_size:0, DKEY(key), data ? data->mv_size:0,
   8657 		data ? mdb_dval(txn, dbi, data, dbuf):""));
   8658 	return mdb_del0(txn, dbi, key, data, 0);
   8659 }
   8660 
   8661 static int
   8662 mdb_del0(MDB_txn *txn, MDB_dbi dbi,
   8663 	MDB_val *key, MDB_val *data, unsigned flags)
   8664 {
   8665 	MDB_cursor mc;
   8666 	MDB_xcursor mx;
   8667 	MDB_cursor_op op;
   8668 	MDB_val rdata, *xdata;
   8669 	int		 rc, exact = 0;
   8670 	DKBUF;
   8671 
   8672 	DPRINTF(("====> delete db %u key [%s]", dbi, DKEY(key)));
   8673 
   8674 	mdb_cursor_init(&mc, txn, dbi, &mx);
   8675 
   8676 	if (data) {
   8677 		op = MDB_GET_BOTH;
   8678 		rdata = *data;
   8679 		xdata = &rdata;
   8680 	} else {
   8681 		op = MDB_SET;
   8682 		xdata = NULL;
   8683 		flags |= MDB_NODUPDATA;
   8684 	}
   8685 	rc = mdb_cursor_set(&mc, key, xdata, op, &exact);
   8686 	if (rc == 0) {
   8687 		/* let mdb_page_split know about this cursor if needed:
   8688 		 * delete will trigger a rebalance; if it needs to move
   8689 		 * a node from one page to another, it will have to
   8690 		 * update the parent's separator key(s). If the new sepkey
   8691 		 * is larger than the current one, the parent page may
   8692 		 * run out of space, triggering a split. We need this
   8693 		 * cursor to be consistent until the end of the rebalance.
   8694 		 */
   8695 		mc.mc_flags |= C_UNTRACK;
   8696 		mc.mc_next = txn->mt_cursors[dbi];
   8697 		txn->mt_cursors[dbi] = &mc;
   8698 		rc = _mdb_cursor_del(&mc, flags);
   8699 		txn->mt_cursors[dbi] = mc.mc_next;
   8700 	}
   8701 	return rc;
   8702 }
   8703 
   8704 /** Split a page and insert a new node.
   8705  * Set #MDB_TXN_ERROR on failure.
   8706  * @param[in,out] mc Cursor pointing to the page and desired insertion index.
   8707  * The cursor will be updated to point to the actual page and index where
   8708  * the node got inserted after the split.
   8709  * @param[in] newkey The key for the newly inserted node.
   8710  * @param[in] newdata The data for the newly inserted node.
   8711  * @param[in] newpgno The page number, if the new node is a branch node.
   8712  * @param[in] nflags The #NODE_ADD_FLAGS for the new node.
   8713  * @return 0 on success, non-zero on failure.
   8714  */
   8715 static int
   8716 mdb_page_split(MDB_cursor *mc, MDB_val *newkey, MDB_val *newdata, pgno_t newpgno,
   8717 	unsigned int nflags)
   8718 {
   8719 	unsigned int flags;
   8720 	int		 rc = MDB_SUCCESS, new_root = 0, did_split = 0;
   8721 	indx_t		 newindx;
   8722 	pgno_t		 pgno = 0;
   8723 	int	 i, j, split_indx, nkeys, pmax;
   8724 	MDB_env 	*env = mc->mc_txn->mt_env;
   8725 	MDB_node	*node;
   8726 	MDB_val	 sepkey, rkey, xdata, *rdata = &xdata;
   8727 	MDB_page	*copy = NULL;
   8728 	MDB_page	*mp, *rp, *pp;
   8729 	int ptop;
   8730 	MDB_cursor	mn;
   8731 	DKBUF;
   8732 
   8733 	mp = mc->mc_pg[mc->mc_top];
   8734 	newindx = mc->mc_ki[mc->mc_top];
   8735 	nkeys = NUMKEYS(mp);
   8736 
   8737 	DPRINTF(("-----> splitting %s page %"Z"u and adding [%s] at index %i/%i",
   8738 	    IS_LEAF(mp) ? "leaf" : "branch", mp->mp_pgno,
   8739 	    DKEY(newkey), mc->mc_ki[mc->mc_top], nkeys));
   8740 
   8741 	/* Create a right sibling. */
   8742 	if ((rc = mdb_page_new(mc, mp->mp_flags, 1, &rp)))
   8743 		return rc;
   8744 	rp->mp_pad = mp->mp_pad;
   8745 	DPRINTF(("new right sibling: page %"Z"u", rp->mp_pgno));
   8746 
   8747 	/* Usually when splitting the root page, the cursor
   8748 	 * height is 1. But when called from mdb_update_key,
   8749 	 * the cursor height may be greater because it walks
   8750 	 * up the stack while finding the branch slot to update.
   8751 	 */
   8752 	if (mc->mc_top < 1) {
   8753 		if ((rc = mdb_page_new(mc, P_BRANCH, 1, &pp)))
   8754 			goto done;
   8755 		/* shift current top to make room for new parent */
   8756 		for (i=mc->mc_snum; i>0; i--) {
   8757 			mc->mc_pg[i] = mc->mc_pg[i-1];
   8758 			mc->mc_ki[i] = mc->mc_ki[i-1];
   8759 		}
   8760 		mc->mc_pg[0] = pp;
   8761 		mc->mc_ki[0] = 0;
   8762 		mc->mc_db->md_root = pp->mp_pgno;
   8763 		DPRINTF(("root split! new root = %"Z"u", pp->mp_pgno));
   8764 		new_root = mc->mc_db->md_depth++;
   8765 
   8766 		/* Add left (implicit) pointer. */
   8767 		if ((rc = mdb_node_add(mc, 0, NULL, NULL, mp->mp_pgno, 0)) != MDB_SUCCESS) {
   8768 			/* undo the pre-push */
   8769 			mc->mc_pg[0] = mc->mc_pg[1];
   8770 			mc->mc_ki[0] = mc->mc_ki[1];
   8771 			mc->mc_db->md_root = mp->mp_pgno;
   8772 			mc->mc_db->md_depth--;
   8773 			goto done;
   8774 		}
   8775 		mc->mc_snum++;
   8776 		mc->mc_top++;
   8777 		ptop = 0;
   8778 	} else {
   8779 		ptop = mc->mc_top-1;
   8780 		DPRINTF(("parent branch page is %"Z"u", mc->mc_pg[ptop]->mp_pgno));
   8781 	}
   8782 
   8783 	mdb_cursor_copy(mc, &mn);
   8784 	mn.mc_xcursor = NULL;
   8785 	mn.mc_pg[mn.mc_top] = rp;
   8786 	mn.mc_ki[ptop] = mc->mc_ki[ptop]+1;
   8787 
   8788 	if (nflags & MDB_APPEND) {
   8789 		mn.mc_ki[mn.mc_top] = 0;
   8790 		sepkey = *newkey;
   8791 		split_indx = newindx;
   8792 		nkeys = 0;
   8793 	} else {
   8794 
   8795 		split_indx = (nkeys+1) / 2;
   8796 
   8797 		if (IS_LEAF2(rp)) {
   8798 			char *split, *ins;
   8799 			int x;
   8800 			unsigned int lsize, rsize, ksize;
   8801 			/* Move half of the keys to the right sibling */
   8802 			x = mc->mc_ki[mc->mc_top] - split_indx;
   8803 			ksize = mc->mc_db->md_pad;
   8804 			split = LEAF2KEY(mp, split_indx, ksize);
   8805 			rsize = (nkeys - split_indx) * ksize;
   8806 			lsize = (nkeys - split_indx) * sizeof(indx_t);
   8807 			mp->mp_lower -= lsize;
   8808 			rp->mp_lower += lsize;
   8809 			mp->mp_upper += rsize - lsize;
   8810 			rp->mp_upper -= rsize - lsize;
   8811 			sepkey.mv_size = ksize;
   8812 			if (newindx == split_indx) {
   8813 				sepkey.mv_data = newkey->mv_data;
   8814 			} else {
   8815 				sepkey.mv_data = split;
   8816 			}
   8817 			if (x<0) {
   8818 				ins = LEAF2KEY(mp, mc->mc_ki[mc->mc_top], ksize);
   8819 				memcpy(rp->mp_ptrs, split, rsize);
   8820 				sepkey.mv_data = rp->mp_ptrs;
   8821 				memmove(ins+ksize, ins, (split_indx - mc->mc_ki[mc->mc_top]) * ksize);
   8822 				memcpy(ins, newkey->mv_data, ksize);
   8823 				mp->mp_lower += sizeof(indx_t);
   8824 				mp->mp_upper -= ksize - sizeof(indx_t);
   8825 			} else {
   8826 				if (x)
   8827 					memcpy(rp->mp_ptrs, split, x * ksize);
   8828 				ins = LEAF2KEY(rp, x, ksize);
   8829 				memcpy(ins, newkey->mv_data, ksize);
   8830 				memcpy(ins+ksize, split + x * ksize, rsize - x * ksize);
   8831 				rp->mp_lower += sizeof(indx_t);
   8832 				rp->mp_upper -= ksize - sizeof(indx_t);
   8833 				mc->mc_ki[mc->mc_top] = x;
   8834 			}
   8835 		} else {
   8836 			int psize, nsize, k, keythresh;
   8837 
   8838 			/* Maximum free space in an empty page */
   8839 			pmax = env->me_psize - PAGEHDRSZ;
   8840 			/* Threshold number of keys considered "small" */
   8841 			keythresh = env->me_psize >> 7;
   8842 
   8843 			if (IS_LEAF(mp))
   8844 				nsize = mdb_leaf_size(env, newkey, newdata);
   8845 			else
   8846 				nsize = mdb_branch_size(env, newkey);
   8847 			nsize = EVEN(nsize);
   8848 
   8849 			/* grab a page to hold a temporary copy */
   8850 			copy = mdb_page_malloc(mc->mc_txn, 1);
   8851 			if (copy == NULL) {
   8852 				rc = ENOMEM;
   8853 				goto done;
   8854 			}
   8855 			copy->mp_pgno  = mp->mp_pgno;
   8856 			copy->mp_flags = mp->mp_flags;
   8857 			copy->mp_lower = (PAGEHDRSZ-PAGEBASE);
   8858 			copy->mp_upper = env->me_psize - PAGEBASE;
   8859 
   8860 			/* prepare to insert */
   8861 			for (i=0, j=0; i<nkeys; i++) {
   8862 				if (i == newindx) {
   8863 					copy->mp_ptrs[j++] = 0;
   8864 				}
   8865 				copy->mp_ptrs[j++] = mp->mp_ptrs[i];
   8866 			}
   8867 
   8868 			/* When items are relatively large the split point needs
   8869 			 * to be checked, because being off-by-one will make the
   8870 			 * difference between success or failure in mdb_node_add.
   8871 			 *
   8872 			 * It's also relevant if a page happens to be laid out
   8873 			 * such that one half of its nodes are all "small" and
   8874 			 * the other half of its nodes are "large." If the new
   8875 			 * item is also "large" and falls on the half with
   8876 			 * "large" nodes, it also may not fit.
   8877 			 *
   8878 			 * As a final tweak, if the new item goes on the last
   8879 			 * spot on the page (and thus, onto the new page), bias
   8880 			 * the split so the new page is emptier than the old page.
   8881 			 * This yields better packing during sequential inserts.
   8882 			 */
   8883 			if (nkeys < keythresh || nsize > pmax/16 || newindx >= nkeys) {
   8884 				/* Find split point */
   8885 				psize = 0;
   8886 				if (newindx <= split_indx || newindx >= nkeys) {
   8887 					i = 0; j = 1;
   8888 					k = newindx >= nkeys ? nkeys : split_indx+1+IS_LEAF(mp);
   8889 				} else {
   8890 					i = nkeys; j = -1;
   8891 					k = split_indx-1;
   8892 				}
   8893 				for (; i!=k; i+=j) {
   8894 					if (i == newindx) {
   8895 						psize += nsize;
   8896 						node = NULL;
   8897 					} else {
   8898 						node = (MDB_node *)((char *)mp + copy->mp_ptrs[i] + PAGEBASE);
   8899 						psize += NODESIZE + NODEKSZ(node) + sizeof(indx_t);
   8900 						if (IS_LEAF(mp)) {
   8901 							if (F_ISSET(node->mn_flags, F_BIGDATA))
   8902 								psize += sizeof(pgno_t);
   8903 							else
   8904 								psize += NODEDSZ(node);
   8905 						}
   8906 						psize = EVEN(psize);
   8907 					}
   8908 					if (psize > pmax || i == k-j) {
   8909 						split_indx = i + (j<0);
   8910 						break;
   8911 					}
   8912 				}
   8913 			}
   8914 			if (split_indx == newindx) {
   8915 				sepkey.mv_size = newkey->mv_size;
   8916 				sepkey.mv_data = newkey->mv_data;
   8917 			} else {
   8918 				node = (MDB_node *)((char *)mp + copy->mp_ptrs[split_indx] + PAGEBASE);
   8919 				sepkey.mv_size = node->mn_ksize;
   8920 				sepkey.mv_data = NODEKEY(node);
   8921 			}
   8922 		}
   8923 	}
   8924 
   8925 	DPRINTF(("separator is %d [%s]", split_indx, DKEY(&sepkey)));
   8926 
   8927 	/* Copy separator key to the parent.
   8928 	 */
   8929 	if (SIZELEFT(mn.mc_pg[ptop]) < mdb_branch_size(env, &sepkey)) {
   8930 		int snum = mc->mc_snum;
   8931 		mn.mc_snum--;
   8932 		mn.mc_top--;
   8933 		did_split = 1;
   8934 		/* We want other splits to find mn when doing fixups */
   8935 		WITH_CURSOR_TRACKING(mn,
   8936 			rc = mdb_page_split(&mn, &sepkey, NULL, rp->mp_pgno, 0));
   8937 		if (rc)
   8938 			goto done;
   8939 
   8940 		/* root split? */
   8941 		if (mc->mc_snum > snum) {
   8942 			ptop++;
   8943 		}
   8944 		/* Right page might now have changed parent.
   8945 		 * Check if left page also changed parent.
   8946 		 */
   8947 		if (mn.mc_pg[ptop] != mc->mc_pg[ptop] &&
   8948 		    mc->mc_ki[ptop] >= NUMKEYS(mc->mc_pg[ptop])) {
   8949 			for (i=0; i<ptop; i++) {
   8950 				mc->mc_pg[i] = mn.mc_pg[i];
   8951 				mc->mc_ki[i] = mn.mc_ki[i];
   8952 			}
   8953 			mc->mc_pg[ptop] = mn.mc_pg[ptop];
   8954 			if (mn.mc_ki[ptop]) {
   8955 				mc->mc_ki[ptop] = mn.mc_ki[ptop] - 1;
   8956 			} else {
   8957 				/* find right page's left sibling */
   8958 				mc->mc_ki[ptop] = mn.mc_ki[ptop];
   8959 				mdb_cursor_sibling(mc, 0);
   8960 			}
   8961 		}
   8962 	} else {
   8963 		mn.mc_top--;
   8964 		rc = mdb_node_add(&mn, mn.mc_ki[ptop], &sepkey, NULL, rp->mp_pgno, 0);
   8965 		mn.mc_top++;
   8966 	}
   8967 	if (rc != MDB_SUCCESS) {
   8968 		goto done;
   8969 	}
   8970 	if (nflags & MDB_APPEND) {
   8971 		mc->mc_pg[mc->mc_top] = rp;
   8972 		mc->mc_ki[mc->mc_top] = 0;
   8973 		rc = mdb_node_add(mc, 0, newkey, newdata, newpgno, nflags);
   8974 		if (rc)
   8975 			goto done;
   8976 		for (i=0; i<mc->mc_top; i++)
   8977 			mc->mc_ki[i] = mn.mc_ki[i];
   8978 	} else if (!IS_LEAF2(mp)) {
   8979 		/* Move nodes */
   8980 		mc->mc_pg[mc->mc_top] = rp;
   8981 		i = split_indx;
   8982 		j = 0;
   8983 		do {
   8984 			if (i == newindx) {
   8985 				rkey.mv_data = newkey->mv_data;
   8986 				rkey.mv_size = newkey->mv_size;
   8987 				if (IS_LEAF(mp)) {
   8988 					rdata = newdata;
   8989 				} else
   8990 					pgno = newpgno;
   8991 				flags = nflags;
   8992 				/* Update index for the new key. */
   8993 				mc->mc_ki[mc->mc_top] = j;
   8994 			} else {
   8995 				node = (MDB_node *)((char *)mp + copy->mp_ptrs[i] + PAGEBASE);
   8996 				rkey.mv_data = NODEKEY(node);
   8997 				rkey.mv_size = node->mn_ksize;
   8998 				if (IS_LEAF(mp)) {
   8999 					xdata.mv_data = NODEDATA(node);
   9000 					xdata.mv_size = NODEDSZ(node);
   9001 					rdata = &xdata;
   9002 				} else
   9003 					pgno = NODEPGNO(node);
   9004 				flags = node->mn_flags;
   9005 			}
   9006 
   9007 			if (!IS_LEAF(mp) && j == 0) {
   9008 				/* First branch index doesn't need key data. */
   9009 				rkey.mv_size = 0;
   9010 			}
   9011 
   9012 			rc = mdb_node_add(mc, j, &rkey, rdata, pgno, flags);
   9013 			if (rc)
   9014 				goto done;
   9015 			if (i == nkeys) {
   9016 				i = 0;
   9017 				j = 0;
   9018 				mc->mc_pg[mc->mc_top] = copy;
   9019 			} else {
   9020 				i++;
   9021 				j++;
   9022 			}
   9023 		} while (i != split_indx);
   9024 
   9025 		nkeys = NUMKEYS(copy);
   9026 		for (i=0; i<nkeys; i++)
   9027 			mp->mp_ptrs[i] = copy->mp_ptrs[i];
   9028 		mp->mp_lower = copy->mp_lower;
   9029 		mp->mp_upper = copy->mp_upper;
   9030 		memcpy(NODEPTR(mp, nkeys-1), NODEPTR(copy, nkeys-1),
   9031 			env->me_psize - copy->mp_upper - PAGEBASE);
   9032 
   9033 		/* reset back to original page */
   9034 		if (newindx < split_indx) {
   9035 			mc->mc_pg[mc->mc_top] = mp;
   9036 		} else {
   9037 			mc->mc_pg[mc->mc_top] = rp;
   9038 			mc->mc_ki[ptop]++;
   9039 			/* Make sure mc_ki is still valid.
   9040 			 */
   9041 			if (mn.mc_pg[ptop] != mc->mc_pg[ptop] &&
   9042 				mc->mc_ki[ptop] >= NUMKEYS(mc->mc_pg[ptop])) {
   9043 				for (i=0; i<=ptop; i++) {
   9044 					mc->mc_pg[i] = mn.mc_pg[i];
   9045 					mc->mc_ki[i] = mn.mc_ki[i];
   9046 				}
   9047 			}
   9048 		}
   9049 		if (nflags & MDB_RESERVE) {
   9050 			node = NODEPTR(mc->mc_pg[mc->mc_top], mc->mc_ki[mc->mc_top]);
   9051 			if (!(node->mn_flags & F_BIGDATA))
   9052 				newdata->mv_data = NODEDATA(node);
   9053 		}
   9054 	} else {
   9055 		if (newindx >= split_indx) {
   9056 			mc->mc_pg[mc->mc_top] = rp;
   9057 			mc->mc_ki[ptop]++;
   9058 			/* Make sure mc_ki is still valid.
   9059 			 */
   9060 			if (mn.mc_pg[ptop] != mc->mc_pg[ptop] &&
   9061 				mc->mc_ki[ptop] >= NUMKEYS(mc->mc_pg[ptop])) {
   9062 				for (i=0; i<=ptop; i++) {
   9063 					mc->mc_pg[i] = mn.mc_pg[i];
   9064 					mc->mc_ki[i] = mn.mc_ki[i];
   9065 				}
   9066 			}
   9067 		}
   9068 	}
   9069 
   9070 	{
   9071 		/* Adjust other cursors pointing to mp */
   9072 		MDB_cursor *m2, *m3;
   9073 		MDB_dbi dbi = mc->mc_dbi;
   9074 		nkeys = NUMKEYS(mp);
   9075 
   9076 		for (m2 = mc->mc_txn->mt_cursors[dbi]; m2; m2=m2->mc_next) {
   9077 			if (mc->mc_flags & C_SUB)
   9078 				m3 = &m2->mc_xcursor->mx_cursor;
   9079 			else
   9080 				m3 = m2;
   9081 			if (m3 == mc)
   9082 				continue;
   9083 			if (!(m2->mc_flags & m3->mc_flags & C_INITIALIZED))
   9084 				continue;
   9085 			if (new_root) {
   9086 				int k;
   9087 				/* sub cursors may be on different DB */
   9088 				if (m3->mc_pg[0] != mp)
   9089 					continue;
   9090 				/* root split */
   9091 				for (k=new_root; k>=0; k--) {
   9092 					m3->mc_ki[k+1] = m3->mc_ki[k];
   9093 					m3->mc_pg[k+1] = m3->mc_pg[k];
   9094 				}
   9095 				if (m3->mc_ki[0] >= nkeys) {
   9096 					m3->mc_ki[0] = 1;
   9097 				} else {
   9098 					m3->mc_ki[0] = 0;
   9099 				}
   9100 				m3->mc_pg[0] = mc->mc_pg[0];
   9101 				m3->mc_snum++;
   9102 				m3->mc_top++;
   9103 			}
   9104 			if (m3->mc_top >= mc->mc_top && m3->mc_pg[mc->mc_top] == mp) {
   9105 				if (m3->mc_ki[mc->mc_top] >= newindx && !(nflags & MDB_SPLIT_REPLACE))
   9106 					m3->mc_ki[mc->mc_top]++;
   9107 				if (m3->mc_ki[mc->mc_top] >= nkeys) {
   9108 					m3->mc_pg[mc->mc_top] = rp;
   9109 					m3->mc_ki[mc->mc_top] -= nkeys;
   9110 					for (i=0; i<mc->mc_top; i++) {
   9111 						m3->mc_ki[i] = mn.mc_ki[i];
   9112 						m3->mc_pg[i] = mn.mc_pg[i];
   9113 					}
   9114 				}
   9115 			} else if (!did_split && m3->mc_top >= ptop && m3->mc_pg[ptop] == mc->mc_pg[ptop] &&
   9116 				m3->mc_ki[ptop] >= mc->mc_ki[ptop]) {
   9117 				m3->mc_ki[ptop]++;
   9118 			}
   9119 			if (IS_LEAF(mp))
   9120 				XCURSOR_REFRESH(m3, mc->mc_top, m3->mc_pg[mc->mc_top]);
   9121 		}
   9122 	}
   9123 	DPRINTF(("mp left: %d, rp left: %d", SIZELEFT(mp), SIZELEFT(rp)));
   9124 
   9125 done:
   9126 	if (copy)					/* tmp page */
   9127 		mdb_page_free(env, copy);
   9128 	if (rc)
   9129 		mc->mc_txn->mt_flags |= MDB_TXN_ERROR;
   9130 	return rc;
   9131 }
   9132 
   9133 int
   9134 mdb_put(MDB_txn *txn, MDB_dbi dbi,
   9135     MDB_val *key, MDB_val *data, unsigned int flags)
   9136 {
   9137 	MDB_cursor mc;
   9138 	MDB_xcursor mx;
   9139 	int rc;
   9140 	DKBUF;
   9141 	DDBUF;
   9142 
   9143 	if (!key || !data || !TXN_DBI_EXIST(txn, dbi, DB_USRVALID))
   9144 		return EINVAL;
   9145 
   9146 	if (flags & ~(MDB_NOOVERWRITE|MDB_NODUPDATA|MDB_RESERVE|MDB_APPEND|MDB_APPENDDUP))
   9147 		return EINVAL;
   9148 
   9149 	if (txn->mt_flags & (MDB_TXN_RDONLY|MDB_TXN_BLOCKED))
   9150 		return (txn->mt_flags & MDB_TXN_RDONLY) ? EACCES : MDB_BAD_TXN;
   9151 
   9152 	MDB_TRACE(("%p, %u, %"Z"u[%s], %"Z"u%s, %u",
   9153 		txn, dbi, key ? key->mv_size:0, DKEY(key), data->mv_size, mdb_dval(txn, dbi, data, dbuf), flags));
   9154 	mdb_cursor_init(&mc, txn, dbi, &mx);
   9155 	mc.mc_next = txn->mt_cursors[dbi];
   9156 	txn->mt_cursors[dbi] = &mc;
   9157 	rc = _mdb_cursor_put(&mc, key, data, flags);
   9158 	txn->mt_cursors[dbi] = mc.mc_next;
   9159 	return rc;
   9160 }
   9161 
   9162 #ifndef MDB_WBUF
   9163 #define MDB_WBUF	(1024*1024)
   9164 #endif
   9165 #define MDB_EOF		0x10	/**< #mdb_env_copyfd1() is done reading */
   9166 
   9167 	/** State needed for a double-buffering compacting copy. */
   9168 typedef struct mdb_copy {
   9169 	MDB_env *mc_env;
   9170 	MDB_txn *mc_txn;
   9171 	pthread_mutex_t mc_mutex;
   9172 	pthread_cond_t mc_cond;	/**< Condition variable for #mc_new */
   9173 	char *mc_wbuf[2];
   9174 	char *mc_over[2];
   9175 	int mc_wlen[2];
   9176 	int mc_olen[2];
   9177 	pgno_t mc_next_pgno;
   9178 	HANDLE mc_fd;
   9179 	int mc_toggle;			/**< Buffer number in provider */
   9180 	int mc_new;				/**< (0-2 buffers to write) | (#MDB_EOF at end) */
   9181 	/** Error code.  Never cleared if set.  Both threads can set nonzero
   9182 	 *	to fail the copy.  Not mutex-protected, LMDB expects atomic int.
   9183 	 */
   9184 	volatile int mc_error;
   9185 } mdb_copy;
   9186 
   9187 	/** Dedicated writer thread for compacting copy. */
   9188 static THREAD_RET ESECT CALL_CONV
   9189 mdb_env_copythr(void *arg)
   9190 {
   9191 	mdb_copy *my = arg;
   9192 	char *ptr;
   9193 	int toggle = 0, wsize, rc;
   9194 #ifdef _WIN32
   9195 	DWORD len;
   9196 #define DO_WRITE(rc, fd, ptr, w2, len)	rc = WriteFile(fd, ptr, w2, &len, NULL)
   9197 #else
   9198 	int len;
   9199 #define DO_WRITE(rc, fd, ptr, w2, len)	len = write(fd, ptr, w2); rc = (len >= 0)
   9200 #ifdef SIGPIPE
   9201 	sigset_t set;
   9202 	sigemptyset(&set);
   9203 	sigaddset(&set, SIGPIPE);
   9204 	if ((rc = pthread_sigmask(SIG_BLOCK, &set, NULL)) != 0)
   9205 		my->mc_error = rc;
   9206 #endif
   9207 #endif
   9208 
   9209 	pthread_mutex_lock(&my->mc_mutex);
   9210 	for(;;) {
   9211 		while (!my->mc_new)
   9212 			pthread_cond_wait(&my->mc_cond, &my->mc_mutex);
   9213 		if (my->mc_new == 0 + MDB_EOF) /* 0 buffers, just EOF */
   9214 			break;
   9215 		wsize = my->mc_wlen[toggle];
   9216 		ptr = my->mc_wbuf[toggle];
   9217 again:
   9218 		rc = MDB_SUCCESS;
   9219 		while (wsize > 0 && !my->mc_error) {
   9220 			DO_WRITE(rc, my->mc_fd, ptr, wsize, len);
   9221 			if (!rc) {
   9222 				rc = ErrCode();
   9223 #if defined(SIGPIPE) && !defined(_WIN32)
   9224 				if (rc == EPIPE) {
   9225 					/* Collect the pending SIGPIPE, otherwise at least OS X
   9226 					 * gives it to the process on thread-exit (ITS#8504).
   9227 					 */
   9228 					int tmp;
   9229 					sigwait(&set, &tmp);
   9230 				}
   9231 #endif
   9232 				break;
   9233 			} else if (len > 0) {
   9234 				rc = MDB_SUCCESS;
   9235 				ptr += len;
   9236 				wsize -= len;
   9237 				continue;
   9238 			} else {
   9239 				rc = EIO;
   9240 				break;
   9241 			}
   9242 		}
   9243 		if (rc) {
   9244 			my->mc_error = rc;
   9245 		}
   9246 		/* If there's an overflow page tail, write it too */
   9247 		if (my->mc_olen[toggle]) {
   9248 			wsize = my->mc_olen[toggle];
   9249 			ptr = my->mc_over[toggle];
   9250 			my->mc_olen[toggle] = 0;
   9251 			goto again;
   9252 		}
   9253 		my->mc_wlen[toggle] = 0;
   9254 		toggle ^= 1;
   9255 		/* Return the empty buffer to provider */
   9256 		my->mc_new--;
   9257 		pthread_cond_signal(&my->mc_cond);
   9258 	}
   9259 	pthread_mutex_unlock(&my->mc_mutex);
   9260 	return (THREAD_RET)0;
   9261 #undef DO_WRITE
   9262 }
   9263 
   9264 	/** Give buffer and/or #MDB_EOF to writer thread, await unused buffer.
   9265 	 *
   9266 	 * @param[in] my control structure.
   9267 	 * @param[in] adjust (1 to hand off 1 buffer) | (MDB_EOF when ending).
   9268 	 */
   9269 static int ESECT
   9270 mdb_env_cthr_toggle(mdb_copy *my, int adjust)
   9271 {
   9272 	pthread_mutex_lock(&my->mc_mutex);
   9273 	my->mc_new += adjust;
   9274 	pthread_cond_signal(&my->mc_cond);
   9275 	while (my->mc_new & 2)		/* both buffers in use */
   9276 		pthread_cond_wait(&my->mc_cond, &my->mc_mutex);
   9277 	pthread_mutex_unlock(&my->mc_mutex);
   9278 
   9279 	my->mc_toggle ^= (adjust & 1);
   9280 	/* Both threads reset mc_wlen, to be safe from threading errors */
   9281 	my->mc_wlen[my->mc_toggle] = 0;
   9282 	return my->mc_error;
   9283 }
   9284 
   9285 	/** Depth-first tree traversal for compacting copy.
   9286 	 * @param[in] my control structure.
   9287 	 * @param[in,out] pg database root.
   9288 	 * @param[in] flags includes #F_DUPDATA if it is a sorted-duplicate sub-DB.
   9289 	 */
   9290 static int ESECT
   9291 mdb_env_cwalk(mdb_copy *my, pgno_t *pg, int flags)
   9292 {
   9293 	MDB_cursor mc = {0};
   9294 	MDB_node *ni;
   9295 	MDB_page *mo, *mp, *leaf;
   9296 	char *buf, *ptr;
   9297 	int rc, toggle;
   9298 	unsigned int i;
   9299 
   9300 	/* Empty DB, nothing to do */
   9301 	if (*pg == P_INVALID)
   9302 		return MDB_SUCCESS;
   9303 
   9304 	mc.mc_snum = 1;
   9305 	mc.mc_txn = my->mc_txn;
   9306 
   9307 	rc = mdb_page_get(&mc, *pg, &mc.mc_pg[0], NULL);
   9308 	if (rc)
   9309 		return rc;
   9310 	rc = mdb_page_search_root(&mc, NULL, MDB_PS_FIRST);
   9311 	if (rc)
   9312 		return rc;
   9313 
   9314 	/* Make cursor pages writable */
   9315 	buf = ptr = malloc(my->mc_env->me_psize * mc.mc_snum);
   9316 	if (buf == NULL)
   9317 		return ENOMEM;
   9318 
   9319 	for (i=0; i<mc.mc_top; i++) {
   9320 		mdb_page_copy((MDB_page *)ptr, mc.mc_pg[i], my->mc_env->me_psize);
   9321 		mc.mc_pg[i] = (MDB_page *)ptr;
   9322 		ptr += my->mc_env->me_psize;
   9323 	}
   9324 
   9325 	/* This is writable space for a leaf page. Usually not needed. */
   9326 	leaf = (MDB_page *)ptr;
   9327 
   9328 	toggle = my->mc_toggle;
   9329 	while (mc.mc_snum > 0) {
   9330 		unsigned n;
   9331 		mp = mc.mc_pg[mc.mc_top];
   9332 		n = NUMKEYS(mp);
   9333 
   9334 		if (IS_LEAF(mp)) {
   9335 			if (!IS_LEAF2(mp) && !(flags & F_DUPDATA)) {
   9336 				for (i=0; i<n; i++) {
   9337 					ni = NODEPTR(mp, i);
   9338 					if (ni->mn_flags & F_BIGDATA) {
   9339 						MDB_page *omp;
   9340 						pgno_t pg;
   9341 
   9342 						/* Need writable leaf */
   9343 						if (mp != leaf) {
   9344 							mc.mc_pg[mc.mc_top] = leaf;
   9345 							mdb_page_copy(leaf, mp, my->mc_env->me_psize);
   9346 							mp = leaf;
   9347 							ni = NODEPTR(mp, i);
   9348 						}
   9349 
   9350 						memcpy(&pg, NODEDATA(ni), sizeof(pg));
   9351 						memcpy(NODEDATA(ni), &my->mc_next_pgno, sizeof(pgno_t));
   9352 						rc = mdb_page_get(&mc, pg, &omp, NULL);
   9353 						if (rc)
   9354 							goto done;
   9355 						if (my->mc_wlen[toggle] >= MDB_WBUF) {
   9356 							rc = mdb_env_cthr_toggle(my, 1);
   9357 							if (rc)
   9358 								goto done;
   9359 							toggle = my->mc_toggle;
   9360 						}
   9361 						mo = (MDB_page *)(my->mc_wbuf[toggle] + my->mc_wlen[toggle]);
   9362 						memcpy(mo, omp, my->mc_env->me_psize);
   9363 						mo->mp_pgno = my->mc_next_pgno;
   9364 						my->mc_next_pgno += omp->mp_pages;
   9365 						my->mc_wlen[toggle] += my->mc_env->me_psize;
   9366 						if (omp->mp_pages > 1) {
   9367 							my->mc_olen[toggle] = my->mc_env->me_psize * (omp->mp_pages - 1);
   9368 							my->mc_over[toggle] = (char *)omp + my->mc_env->me_psize;
   9369 							rc = mdb_env_cthr_toggle(my, 1);
   9370 							if (rc)
   9371 								goto done;
   9372 							toggle = my->mc_toggle;
   9373 						}
   9374 					} else if (ni->mn_flags & F_SUBDATA) {
   9375 						MDB_db db;
   9376 
   9377 						/* Need writable leaf */
   9378 						if (mp != leaf) {
   9379 							mc.mc_pg[mc.mc_top] = leaf;
   9380 							mdb_page_copy(leaf, mp, my->mc_env->me_psize);
   9381 							mp = leaf;
   9382 							ni = NODEPTR(mp, i);
   9383 						}
   9384 
   9385 						memcpy(&db, NODEDATA(ni), sizeof(db));
   9386 						my->mc_toggle = toggle;
   9387 						rc = mdb_env_cwalk(my, &db.md_root, ni->mn_flags & F_DUPDATA);
   9388 						if (rc)
   9389 							goto done;
   9390 						toggle = my->mc_toggle;
   9391 						memcpy(NODEDATA(ni), &db, sizeof(db));
   9392 					}
   9393 				}
   9394 			}
   9395 		} else {
   9396 			mc.mc_ki[mc.mc_top]++;
   9397 			if (mc.mc_ki[mc.mc_top] < n) {
   9398 				pgno_t pg;
   9399 again:
   9400 				ni = NODEPTR(mp, mc.mc_ki[mc.mc_top]);
   9401 				pg = NODEPGNO(ni);
   9402 				rc = mdb_page_get(&mc, pg, &mp, NULL);
   9403 				if (rc)
   9404 					goto done;
   9405 				mc.mc_top++;
   9406 				mc.mc_snum++;
   9407 				mc.mc_ki[mc.mc_top] = 0;
   9408 				if (IS_BRANCH(mp)) {
   9409 					/* Whenever we advance to a sibling branch page,
   9410 					 * we must proceed all the way down to its first leaf.
   9411 					 */
   9412 					mdb_page_copy(mc.mc_pg[mc.mc_top], mp, my->mc_env->me_psize);
   9413 					goto again;
   9414 				} else
   9415 					mc.mc_pg[mc.mc_top] = mp;
   9416 				continue;
   9417 			}
   9418 		}
   9419 		if (my->mc_wlen[toggle] >= MDB_WBUF) {
   9420 			rc = mdb_env_cthr_toggle(my, 1);
   9421 			if (rc)
   9422 				goto done;
   9423 			toggle = my->mc_toggle;
   9424 		}
   9425 		mo = (MDB_page *)(my->mc_wbuf[toggle] + my->mc_wlen[toggle]);
   9426 		mdb_page_copy(mo, mp, my->mc_env->me_psize);
   9427 		mo->mp_pgno = my->mc_next_pgno++;
   9428 		my->mc_wlen[toggle] += my->mc_env->me_psize;
   9429 		if (mc.mc_top) {
   9430 			/* Update parent if there is one */
   9431 			ni = NODEPTR(mc.mc_pg[mc.mc_top-1], mc.mc_ki[mc.mc_top-1]);
   9432 			SETPGNO(ni, mo->mp_pgno);
   9433 			mdb_cursor_pop(&mc);
   9434 		} else {
   9435 			/* Otherwise we're done */
   9436 			*pg = mo->mp_pgno;
   9437 			break;
   9438 		}
   9439 	}
   9440 done:
   9441 	free(buf);
   9442 	return rc;
   9443 }
   9444 
   9445 	/** Copy environment with compaction. */
   9446 static int ESECT
   9447 mdb_env_copyfd1(MDB_env *env, HANDLE fd)
   9448 {
   9449 	MDB_meta *mm;
   9450 	MDB_page *mp;
   9451 	mdb_copy my = {0};
   9452 	MDB_txn *txn = NULL;
   9453 	pthread_t thr;
   9454 	pgno_t root, new_root;
   9455 	int rc = MDB_SUCCESS;
   9456 
   9457 #ifdef _WIN32
   9458 	if (!(my.mc_mutex = CreateMutex(NULL, FALSE, NULL)) ||
   9459 		!(my.mc_cond = CreateEvent(NULL, FALSE, FALSE, NULL))) {
   9460 		rc = ErrCode();
   9461 		goto done;
   9462 	}
   9463 	my.mc_wbuf[0] = _aligned_malloc(MDB_WBUF*2, env->me_os_psize);
   9464 	if (my.mc_wbuf[0] == NULL) {
   9465 		/* _aligned_malloc() sets errno, but we use Windows error codes */
   9466 		rc = ERROR_NOT_ENOUGH_MEMORY;
   9467 		goto done;
   9468 	}
   9469 #else
   9470 	if ((rc = pthread_mutex_init(&my.mc_mutex, NULL)) != 0)
   9471 		return rc;
   9472 	if ((rc = pthread_cond_init(&my.mc_cond, NULL)) != 0)
   9473 		goto done2;
   9474 #ifdef HAVE_MEMALIGN
   9475 	my.mc_wbuf[0] = memalign(env->me_os_psize, MDB_WBUF*2);
   9476 	if (my.mc_wbuf[0] == NULL) {
   9477 		rc = errno;
   9478 		goto done;
   9479 	}
   9480 #else
   9481 	{
   9482 		void *p;
   9483 		if ((rc = posix_memalign(&p, env->me_os_psize, MDB_WBUF*2)) != 0)
   9484 			goto done;
   9485 		my.mc_wbuf[0] = p;
   9486 	}
   9487 #endif
   9488 #endif
   9489 	memset(my.mc_wbuf[0], 0, MDB_WBUF*2);
   9490 	my.mc_wbuf[1] = my.mc_wbuf[0] + MDB_WBUF;
   9491 	my.mc_next_pgno = NUM_METAS;
   9492 	my.mc_env = env;
   9493 	my.mc_fd = fd;
   9494 	rc = THREAD_CREATE(thr, mdb_env_copythr, &my);
   9495 	if (rc)
   9496 		goto done;
   9497 
   9498 	rc = mdb_txn_begin(env, NULL, MDB_RDONLY, &txn);
   9499 	if (rc)
   9500 		goto finish;
   9501 
   9502 	mp = (MDB_page *)my.mc_wbuf[0];
   9503 	memset(mp, 0, NUM_METAS * env->me_psize);
   9504 	mp->mp_pgno = 0;
   9505 	mp->mp_flags = P_META;
   9506 	mm = (MDB_meta *)METADATA(mp);
   9507 	mdb_env_init_meta0(env, mm);
   9508 	mm->mm_address = env->me_metas[0]->mm_address;
   9509 
   9510 	mp = (MDB_page *)(my.mc_wbuf[0] + env->me_psize);
   9511 	mp->mp_pgno = 1;
   9512 	mp->mp_flags = P_META;
   9513 	*(MDB_meta *)METADATA(mp) = *mm;
   9514 	mm = (MDB_meta *)METADATA(mp);
   9515 
   9516 	/* Set metapage 1 with current main DB */
   9517 	root = new_root = txn->mt_dbs[MAIN_DBI].md_root;
   9518 	if (root != P_INVALID) {
   9519 		/* Count free pages + freeDB pages.  Subtract from last_pg
   9520 		 * to find the new last_pg, which also becomes the new root.
   9521 		 */
   9522 		MDB_ID freecount = 0;
   9523 		MDB_cursor mc;
   9524 		MDB_val key, data;
   9525 		mdb_cursor_init(&mc, txn, FREE_DBI, NULL);
   9526 		while ((rc = mdb_cursor_get(&mc, &key, &data, MDB_NEXT)) == 0)
   9527 			freecount += *(MDB_ID *)data.mv_data;
   9528 		if (rc != MDB_NOTFOUND)
   9529 			goto finish;
   9530 		freecount += txn->mt_dbs[FREE_DBI].md_branch_pages +
   9531 			txn->mt_dbs[FREE_DBI].md_leaf_pages +
   9532 			txn->mt_dbs[FREE_DBI].md_overflow_pages;
   9533 
   9534 		new_root = txn->mt_next_pgno - 1 - freecount;
   9535 		mm->mm_last_pg = new_root;
   9536 		mm->mm_dbs[MAIN_DBI] = txn->mt_dbs[MAIN_DBI];
   9537 		mm->mm_dbs[MAIN_DBI].md_root = new_root;
   9538 	} else {
   9539 		/* When the DB is empty, handle it specially to
   9540 		 * fix any breakage like page leaks from ITS#8174.
   9541 		 */
   9542 		mm->mm_dbs[MAIN_DBI].md_flags = txn->mt_dbs[MAIN_DBI].md_flags;
   9543 	}
   9544 	if (root != P_INVALID || mm->mm_dbs[MAIN_DBI].md_flags) {
   9545 		mm->mm_txnid = 1;		/* use metapage 1 */
   9546 	}
   9547 
   9548 	my.mc_wlen[0] = env->me_psize * NUM_METAS;
   9549 	my.mc_txn = txn;
   9550 	rc = mdb_env_cwalk(&my, &root, 0);
   9551 	if (rc == MDB_SUCCESS && root != new_root) {
   9552 		rc = MDB_INCOMPATIBLE;	/* page leak or corrupt DB */
   9553 	}
   9554 
   9555 finish:
   9556 	if (rc)
   9557 		my.mc_error = rc;
   9558 	mdb_env_cthr_toggle(&my, 1 | MDB_EOF);
   9559 	rc = THREAD_FINISH(thr);
   9560 	_mdb_txn_abort(txn);
   9561 
   9562 done:
   9563 #ifdef _WIN32
   9564 	if (my.mc_wbuf[0]) _aligned_free(my.mc_wbuf[0]);
   9565 	if (my.mc_cond)  CloseHandle(my.mc_cond);
   9566 	if (my.mc_mutex) CloseHandle(my.mc_mutex);
   9567 #else
   9568 	free(my.mc_wbuf[0]);
   9569 	pthread_cond_destroy(&my.mc_cond);
   9570 done2:
   9571 	pthread_mutex_destroy(&my.mc_mutex);
   9572 #endif
   9573 	return rc ? rc : my.mc_error;
   9574 }
   9575 
   9576 	/** Copy environment as-is. */
   9577 static int ESECT
   9578 mdb_env_copyfd0(MDB_env *env, HANDLE fd)
   9579 {
   9580 	MDB_txn *txn = NULL;
   9581 	mdb_mutexref_t wmutex = NULL;
   9582 	int rc;
   9583 	size_t wsize, w3;
   9584 	char *ptr;
   9585 #ifdef _WIN32
   9586 	DWORD len, w2;
   9587 #define DO_WRITE(rc, fd, ptr, w2, len)	rc = WriteFile(fd, ptr, w2, &len, NULL)
   9588 #else
   9589 	ssize_t len;
   9590 	size_t w2;
   9591 #define DO_WRITE(rc, fd, ptr, w2, len)	len = write(fd, ptr, w2); rc = (len >= 0)
   9592 #endif
   9593 
   9594 	/* Do the lock/unlock of the reader mutex before starting the
   9595 	 * write txn.  Otherwise other read txns could block writers.
   9596 	 */
   9597 	rc = mdb_txn_begin(env, NULL, MDB_RDONLY, &txn);
   9598 	if (rc)
   9599 		return rc;
   9600 
   9601 	if (env->me_txns) {
   9602 		/* We must start the actual read txn after blocking writers */
   9603 		mdb_txn_end(txn, MDB_END_RESET_TMP);
   9604 
   9605 		/* Temporarily block writers until we snapshot the meta pages */
   9606 		wmutex = env->me_wmutex;
   9607 		if (LOCK_MUTEX(rc, env, wmutex))
   9608 			goto leave;
   9609 
   9610 		rc = mdb_txn_renew0(txn);
   9611 		if (rc) {
   9612 			UNLOCK_MUTEX(wmutex);
   9613 			goto leave;
   9614 		}
   9615 	}
   9616 
   9617 	wsize = env->me_psize * NUM_METAS;
   9618 	ptr = env->me_map;
   9619 	w2 = wsize;
   9620 	while (w2 > 0) {
   9621 		DO_WRITE(rc, fd, ptr, w2, len);
   9622 		if (!rc) {
   9623 			rc = ErrCode();
   9624 			break;
   9625 		} else if (len > 0) {
   9626 			rc = MDB_SUCCESS;
   9627 			ptr += len;
   9628 			w2 -= len;
   9629 			continue;
   9630 		} else {
   9631 			/* Non-blocking or async handles are not supported */
   9632 			rc = EIO;
   9633 			break;
   9634 		}
   9635 	}
   9636 	if (wmutex)
   9637 		UNLOCK_MUTEX(wmutex);
   9638 
   9639 	if (rc)
   9640 		goto leave;
   9641 
   9642 	w3 = txn->mt_next_pgno * env->me_psize;
   9643 	{
   9644 		size_t fsize = 0;
   9645 		if ((rc = mdb_fsize(env->me_fd, &fsize)))
   9646 			goto leave;
   9647 		if (w3 > fsize)
   9648 			w3 = fsize;
   9649 	}
   9650 	wsize = w3 - wsize;
   9651 	while (wsize > 0) {
   9652 		if (wsize > MAX_WRITE)
   9653 			w2 = MAX_WRITE;
   9654 		else
   9655 			w2 = wsize;
   9656 		DO_WRITE(rc, fd, ptr, w2, len);
   9657 		if (!rc) {
   9658 			rc = ErrCode();
   9659 			break;
   9660 		} else if (len > 0) {
   9661 			rc = MDB_SUCCESS;
   9662 			ptr += len;
   9663 			wsize -= len;
   9664 			continue;
   9665 		} else {
   9666 			rc = EIO;
   9667 			break;
   9668 		}
   9669 	}
   9670 
   9671 leave:
   9672 	_mdb_txn_abort(txn);
   9673 	return rc;
   9674 }
   9675 
   9676 int ESECT
   9677 mdb_env_copyfd2(MDB_env *env, HANDLE fd, unsigned int flags)
   9678 {
   9679 	if (flags & MDB_CP_COMPACT)
   9680 		return mdb_env_copyfd1(env, fd);
   9681 	else
   9682 		return mdb_env_copyfd0(env, fd);
   9683 }
   9684 
   9685 int ESECT
   9686 mdb_env_copyfd(MDB_env *env, HANDLE fd)
   9687 {
   9688 	return mdb_env_copyfd2(env, fd, 0);
   9689 }
   9690 
   9691 int ESECT
   9692 mdb_env_copy2(MDB_env *env, const char *path, unsigned int flags)
   9693 {
   9694 	int rc;
   9695 	MDB_name fname;
   9696 	HANDLE newfd = INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE;
   9697 
   9698 	rc = mdb_fname_init(path, env->me_flags | MDB_NOLOCK, &fname);
   9699 	if (rc == MDB_SUCCESS) {
   9700 		rc = mdb_fopen(env, &fname, MDB_O_COPY, 0666, &newfd);
   9701 		mdb_fname_destroy(fname);
   9702 	}
   9703 	if (rc == MDB_SUCCESS) {
   9704 		rc = mdb_env_copyfd2(env, newfd, flags);
   9705 		if (close(newfd) < 0 && rc == MDB_SUCCESS)
   9706 			rc = ErrCode();
   9707 	}
   9708 	return rc;
   9709 }
   9710 
   9711 int ESECT
   9712 mdb_env_copy(MDB_env *env, const char *path)
   9713 {
   9714 	return mdb_env_copy2(env, path, 0);
   9715 }
   9716 
   9717 int ESECT
   9718 mdb_env_set_flags(MDB_env *env, unsigned int flag, int onoff)
   9719 {
   9720 	if (flag & ~CHANGEABLE)
   9721 		return EINVAL;
   9722 	if (onoff)
   9723 		env->me_flags |= flag;
   9724 	else
   9725 		env->me_flags &= ~flag;
   9726 	return MDB_SUCCESS;
   9727 }
   9728 
   9729 int ESECT
   9730 mdb_env_get_flags(MDB_env *env, unsigned int *arg)
   9731 {
   9732 	if (!env || !arg)
   9733 		return EINVAL;
   9734 
   9735 	*arg = env->me_flags & (CHANGEABLE|CHANGELESS);
   9736 	return MDB_SUCCESS;
   9737 }
   9738 
   9739 int ESECT
   9740 mdb_env_set_userctx(MDB_env *env, void *ctx)
   9741 {
   9742 	if (!env)
   9743 		return EINVAL;
   9744 	env->me_userctx = ctx;
   9745 	return MDB_SUCCESS;
   9746 }
   9747 
   9748 void * ESECT
   9749 mdb_env_get_userctx(MDB_env *env)
   9750 {
   9751 	return env ? env->me_userctx : NULL;
   9752 }
   9753 
   9754 int ESECT
   9755 mdb_env_set_assert(MDB_env *env, MDB_assert_func *func)
   9756 {
   9757 	if (!env)
   9758 		return EINVAL;
   9759 #ifndef NDEBUG
   9760 	env->me_assert_func = func;
   9761 #endif
   9762 	return MDB_SUCCESS;
   9763 }
   9764 
   9765 int ESECT
   9766 mdb_env_get_path(MDB_env *env, const char **arg)
   9767 {
   9768 	if (!env || !arg)
   9769 		return EINVAL;
   9770 
   9771 	*arg = env->me_path;
   9772 	return MDB_SUCCESS;
   9773 }
   9774 
   9775 int ESECT
   9776 mdb_env_get_fd(MDB_env *env, mdb_filehandle_t *arg)
   9777 {
   9778 	if (!env || !arg)
   9779 		return EINVAL;
   9780 
   9781 	*arg = env->me_fd;
   9782 	return MDB_SUCCESS;
   9783 }
   9784 
   9785 /** Common code for #mdb_stat() and #mdb_env_stat().
   9786  * @param[in] env the environment to operate in.
   9787  * @param[in] db the #MDB_db record containing the stats to return.
   9788  * @param[out] arg the address of an #MDB_stat structure to receive the stats.
   9789  * @return 0, this function always succeeds.
   9790  */
   9791 static int ESECT
   9792 mdb_stat0(MDB_env *env, MDB_db *db, MDB_stat *arg)
   9793 {
   9794 	arg->ms_psize = env->me_psize;
   9795 	arg->ms_depth = db->md_depth;
   9796 	arg->ms_branch_pages = db->md_branch_pages;
   9797 	arg->ms_leaf_pages = db->md_leaf_pages;
   9798 	arg->ms_overflow_pages = db->md_overflow_pages;
   9799 	arg->ms_entries = db->md_entries;
   9800 
   9801 	return MDB_SUCCESS;
   9802 }
   9803 
   9804 int ESECT
   9805 mdb_env_stat(MDB_env *env, MDB_stat *arg)
   9806 {
   9807 	MDB_meta *meta;
   9808 
   9809 	if (env == NULL || arg == NULL)
   9810 		return EINVAL;
   9811 
   9812 	meta = mdb_env_pick_meta(env);
   9813 
   9814 	return mdb_stat0(env, &meta->mm_dbs[MAIN_DBI], arg);
   9815 }
   9816 
   9817 int ESECT
   9818 mdb_env_info(MDB_env *env, MDB_envinfo *arg)
   9819 {
   9820 	MDB_meta *meta;
   9821 
   9822 	if (env == NULL || arg == NULL)
   9823 		return EINVAL;
   9824 
   9825 	meta = mdb_env_pick_meta(env);
   9826 	arg->me_mapaddr = meta->mm_address;
   9827 	arg->me_last_pgno = meta->mm_last_pg;
   9828 	arg->me_last_txnid = meta->mm_txnid;
   9829 
   9830 	arg->me_mapsize = env->me_mapsize;
   9831 	arg->me_maxreaders = env->me_maxreaders;
   9832 	arg->me_numreaders = env->me_txns ? env->me_txns->mti_numreaders : 0;
   9833 	return MDB_SUCCESS;
   9834 }
   9835 
   9836 /** Set the default comparison functions for a database.
   9837  * Called immediately after a database is opened to set the defaults.
   9838  * The user can then override them with #mdb_set_compare() or
   9839  * #mdb_set_dupsort().
   9840  * @param[in] txn A transaction handle returned by #mdb_txn_begin()
   9841  * @param[in] dbi A database handle returned by #mdb_dbi_open()
   9842  */
   9843 static void
   9844 mdb_default_cmp(MDB_txn *txn, MDB_dbi dbi)
   9845 {
   9846 	uint16_t f = txn->mt_dbs[dbi].md_flags;
   9847 
   9848 	txn->mt_dbxs[dbi].md_cmp =
   9849 		(f & MDB_REVERSEKEY) ? mdb_cmp_memnr :
   9850 		(f & MDB_INTEGERKEY) ? mdb_cmp_cint  : mdb_cmp_memn;
   9851 
   9852 	txn->mt_dbxs[dbi].md_dcmp =
   9853 		!(f & MDB_DUPSORT) ? 0 :
   9854 		((f & MDB_INTEGERDUP)
   9855 		 ? ((f & MDB_DUPFIXED)   ? mdb_cmp_int   : mdb_cmp_cint)
   9856 		 : ((f & MDB_REVERSEDUP) ? mdb_cmp_memnr : mdb_cmp_memn));
   9857 }
   9858 
   9859 int mdb_dbi_open(MDB_txn *txn, const char *name, unsigned int flags, MDB_dbi *dbi)
   9860 {
   9861 	MDB_val key, data;
   9862 	MDB_dbi i;
   9863 	MDB_cursor mc;
   9864 	MDB_db dummy;
   9865 	int rc, dbflag, exact;
   9866 	unsigned int unused = 0, seq;
   9867 	char *namedup;
   9868 	size_t len;
   9869 
   9870 	if (flags & ~VALID_FLAGS)
   9871 		return EINVAL;
   9872 	if (txn->mt_flags & MDB_TXN_BLOCKED)
   9873 		return MDB_BAD_TXN;
   9874 
   9875 	/* main DB? */
   9876 	if (!name) {
   9877 		*dbi = MAIN_DBI;
   9878 		if (flags & PERSISTENT_FLAGS) {
   9879 			uint16_t f2 = flags & PERSISTENT_FLAGS;
   9880 			/* make sure flag changes get committed */
   9881 			if ((txn->mt_dbs[MAIN_DBI].md_flags | f2) != txn->mt_dbs[MAIN_DBI].md_flags) {
   9882 				txn->mt_dbs[MAIN_DBI].md_flags |= f2;
   9883 				txn->mt_flags |= MDB_TXN_DIRTY;
   9884 			}
   9885 		}
   9886 		mdb_default_cmp(txn, MAIN_DBI);
   9887 		MDB_TRACE(("%p, (null), %u = %u", txn, flags, MAIN_DBI));
   9888 		return MDB_SUCCESS;
   9889 	}
   9890 
   9891 	if (txn->mt_dbxs[MAIN_DBI].md_cmp == NULL) {
   9892 		mdb_default_cmp(txn, MAIN_DBI);
   9893 	}
   9894 
   9895 	/* Is the DB already open? */
   9896 	len = strlen(name);
   9897 	for (i=CORE_DBS; i<txn->mt_numdbs; i++) {
   9898 		if (!txn->mt_dbxs[i].md_name.mv_size) {
   9899 			/* Remember this free slot */
   9900 			if (!unused) unused = i;
   9901 			continue;
   9902 		}
   9903 		if (len == txn->mt_dbxs[i].md_name.mv_size &&
   9904 			!strncmp(name, txn->mt_dbxs[i].md_name.mv_data, len)) {
   9905 			*dbi = i;
   9906 			return MDB_SUCCESS;
   9907 		}
   9908 	}
   9909 
   9910 	/* If no free slot and max hit, fail */
   9911 	if (!unused && txn->mt_numdbs >= txn->mt_env->me_maxdbs)
   9912 		return MDB_DBS_FULL;
   9913 
   9914 	/* Cannot mix named databases with some mainDB flags */
   9915 	if (txn->mt_dbs[MAIN_DBI].md_flags & (MDB_DUPSORT|MDB_INTEGERKEY))
   9916 		return (flags & MDB_CREATE) ? MDB_INCOMPATIBLE : MDB_NOTFOUND;
   9917 
   9918 	/* Find the DB info */
   9919 	dbflag = DB_NEW|DB_VALID|DB_USRVALID;
   9920 	exact = 0;
   9921 	key.mv_size = len;
   9922 	key.mv_data = (void *)name;
   9923 	mdb_cursor_init(&mc, txn, MAIN_DBI, NULL);
   9924 	rc = mdb_cursor_set(&mc, &key, &data, MDB_SET, &exact);
   9925 	if (rc == MDB_SUCCESS) {
   9926 		/* make sure this is actually a DB */
   9927 		MDB_node *node = NODEPTR(mc.mc_pg[mc.mc_top], mc.mc_ki[mc.mc_top]);
   9928 		if ((node->mn_flags & (F_DUPDATA|F_SUBDATA)) != F_SUBDATA)
   9929 			return MDB_INCOMPATIBLE;
   9930 	} else {
   9931 		if (rc != MDB_NOTFOUND || !(flags & MDB_CREATE))
   9932 			return rc;
   9933 		if (F_ISSET(txn->mt_flags, MDB_TXN_RDONLY))
   9934 			return EACCES;
   9935 	}
   9936 
   9937 	/* Done here so we cannot fail after creating a new DB */
   9938 	if ((namedup = strdup(name)) == NULL)
   9939 		return ENOMEM;
   9940 
   9941 	if (rc) {
   9942 		/* MDB_NOTFOUND and MDB_CREATE: Create new DB */
   9943 		data.mv_size = sizeof(MDB_db);
   9944 		data.mv_data = &dummy;
   9945 		memset(&dummy, 0, sizeof(dummy));
   9946 		dummy.md_root = P_INVALID;
   9947 		dummy.md_flags = flags & PERSISTENT_FLAGS;
   9948 		WITH_CURSOR_TRACKING(mc,
   9949 			rc = _mdb_cursor_put(&mc, &key, &data, F_SUBDATA));
   9950 		dbflag |= DB_DIRTY;
   9951 	}
   9952 
   9953 	if (rc) {
   9954 		free(namedup);
   9955 	} else {
   9956 		/* Got info, register DBI in this txn */
   9957 		unsigned int slot = unused ? unused : txn->mt_numdbs;
   9958 		txn->mt_dbxs[slot].md_name.mv_data = namedup;
   9959 		txn->mt_dbxs[slot].md_name.mv_size = len;
   9960 		txn->mt_dbxs[slot].md_rel = NULL;
   9961 		txn->mt_dbflags[slot] = dbflag;
   9962 		/* txn-> and env-> are the same in read txns, use
   9963 		 * tmp variable to avoid undefined assignment
   9964 		 */
   9965 		seq = ++txn->mt_env->me_dbiseqs[slot];
   9966 		txn->mt_dbiseqs[slot] = seq;
   9967 
   9968 		memcpy(&txn->mt_dbs[slot], data.mv_data, sizeof(MDB_db));
   9969 		*dbi = slot;
   9970 		mdb_default_cmp(txn, slot);
   9971 		if (!unused) {
   9972 			txn->mt_numdbs++;
   9973 		}
   9974 		MDB_TRACE(("%p, %s, %u = %u", txn, name, flags, slot));
   9975 	}
   9976 
   9977 	return rc;
   9978 }
   9979 
   9980 int ESECT
   9981 mdb_stat(MDB_txn *txn, MDB_dbi dbi, MDB_stat *arg)
   9982 {
   9983 	if (!arg || !TXN_DBI_EXIST(txn, dbi, DB_VALID))
   9984 		return EINVAL;
   9985 
   9986 	if (txn->mt_flags & MDB_TXN_BLOCKED)
   9987 		return MDB_BAD_TXN;
   9988 
   9989 	if (txn->mt_dbflags[dbi] & DB_STALE) {
   9990 		MDB_cursor mc;
   9991 		MDB_xcursor mx;
   9992 		/* Stale, must read the DB's root. cursor_init does it for us. */
   9993 		mdb_cursor_init(&mc, txn, dbi, &mx);
   9994 	}
   9995 	return mdb_stat0(txn->mt_env, &txn->mt_dbs[dbi], arg);
   9996 }
   9997 
   9998 void mdb_dbi_close(MDB_env *env, MDB_dbi dbi)
   9999 {
   10000 	char *ptr;
   10001 	if (dbi < CORE_DBS || dbi >= env->me_maxdbs)
   10002 		return;
   10003 	ptr = env->me_dbxs[dbi].md_name.mv_data;
   10004 	/* If there was no name, this was already closed */
   10005 	if (ptr) {
   10006 		MDB_TRACE(("%p, %u", env, dbi));
   10007 		env->me_dbxs[dbi].md_name.mv_data = NULL;
   10008 		env->me_dbxs[dbi].md_name.mv_size = 0;
   10009 		env->me_dbflags[dbi] = 0;
   10010 		env->me_dbiseqs[dbi]++;
   10011 		free(ptr);
   10012 	}
   10013 }
   10014 
   10015 int mdb_dbi_flags(MDB_txn *txn, MDB_dbi dbi, unsigned int *flags)
   10016 {
   10017 	/* We could return the flags for the FREE_DBI too but what's the point? */
   10018 	if (!TXN_DBI_EXIST(txn, dbi, DB_USRVALID))
   10019 		return EINVAL;
   10020 	*flags = txn->mt_dbs[dbi].md_flags & PERSISTENT_FLAGS;
   10021 	return MDB_SUCCESS;
   10022 }
   10023 
   10024 /** Add all the DB's pages to the free list.
   10025  * @param[in] mc Cursor on the DB to free.
   10026  * @param[in] subs non-Zero to check for sub-DBs in this DB.
   10027  * @return 0 on success, non-zero on failure.
   10028  */
   10029 static int
   10030 mdb_drop0(MDB_cursor *mc, int subs)
   10031 {
   10032 	int rc;
   10033 
   10034 	rc = mdb_page_search(mc, NULL, MDB_PS_FIRST);
   10035 	if (rc == MDB_SUCCESS) {
   10036 		MDB_txn *txn = mc->mc_txn;
   10037 		MDB_node *ni;
   10038 		MDB_cursor mx;
   10039 		unsigned int i;
   10040 
   10041 		/* DUPSORT sub-DBs have no ovpages/DBs. Omit scanning leaves.
   10042 		 * This also avoids any P_LEAF2 pages, which have no nodes.
   10043 		 * Also if the DB doesn't have sub-DBs and has no overflow
   10044 		 * pages, omit scanning leaves.
   10045 		 */
   10046 		if ((mc->mc_flags & C_SUB) ||
   10047 			(!subs && !mc->mc_db->md_overflow_pages))
   10048 			mdb_cursor_pop(mc);
   10049 
   10050 		mdb_cursor_copy(mc, &mx);
   10051 		while (mc->mc_snum > 0) {
   10052 			MDB_page *mp = mc->mc_pg[mc->mc_top];
   10053 			unsigned n = NUMKEYS(mp);
   10054 			if (IS_LEAF(mp)) {
   10055 				for (i=0; i<n; i++) {
   10056 					ni = NODEPTR(mp, i);
   10057 					if (ni->mn_flags & F_BIGDATA) {
   10058 						MDB_page *omp;
   10059 						pgno_t pg;
   10060 						memcpy(&pg, NODEDATA(ni), sizeof(pg));
   10061 						rc = mdb_page_get(mc, pg, &omp, NULL);
   10062 						if (rc != 0)
   10063 							goto done;
   10064 						mdb_cassert(mc, IS_OVERFLOW(omp));
   10065 						rc = mdb_midl_append_range(&txn->mt_free_pgs,
   10066 							pg, omp->mp_pages);
   10067 						if (rc)
   10068 							goto done;
   10069 						mc->mc_db->md_overflow_pages -= omp->mp_pages;
   10070 						if (!mc->mc_db->md_overflow_pages && !subs)
   10071 							break;
   10072 					} else if (subs && (ni->mn_flags & F_SUBDATA)) {
   10073 						mdb_xcursor_init1(mc, ni);
   10074 						rc = mdb_drop0(&mc->mc_xcursor->mx_cursor, 0);
   10075 						if (rc)
   10076 							goto done;
   10077 					}
   10078 				}
   10079 				if (!subs && !mc->mc_db->md_overflow_pages)
   10080 					goto pop;
   10081 			} else {
   10082 				if ((rc = mdb_midl_need(&txn->mt_free_pgs, n)) != 0)
   10083 					goto done;
   10084 				for (i=0; i<n; i++) {
   10085 					pgno_t pg;
   10086 					ni = NODEPTR(mp, i);
   10087 					pg = NODEPGNO(ni);
   10088 					/* free it */
   10089 					mdb_midl_xappend(txn->mt_free_pgs, pg);
   10090 				}
   10091 			}
   10092 			if (!mc->mc_top)
   10093 				break;
   10094 			mc->mc_ki[mc->mc_top] = i;
   10095 			rc = mdb_cursor_sibling(mc, 1);
   10096 			if (rc) {
   10097 				if (rc != MDB_NOTFOUND)
   10098 					goto done;
   10099 				/* no more siblings, go back to beginning
   10100 				 * of previous level.
   10101 				 */
   10102 pop:
   10103 				mdb_cursor_pop(mc);
   10104 				mc->mc_ki[0] = 0;
   10105 				for (i=1; i<mc->mc_snum; i++) {
   10106 					mc->mc_ki[i] = 0;
   10107 					mc->mc_pg[i] = mx.mc_pg[i];
   10108 				}
   10109 			}
   10110 		}
   10111 		/* free it */
   10112 		rc = mdb_midl_append(&txn->mt_free_pgs, mc->mc_db->md_root);
   10113 done:
   10114 		if (rc)
   10115 			txn->mt_flags |= MDB_TXN_ERROR;
   10116 	} else if (rc == MDB_NOTFOUND) {
   10117 		rc = MDB_SUCCESS;
   10118 	}
   10119 	mc->mc_flags &= ~C_INITIALIZED;
   10120 	return rc;
   10121 }
   10122 
   10123 int mdb_drop(MDB_txn *txn, MDB_dbi dbi, int del)
   10124 {
   10125 	MDB_cursor *mc, *m2;
   10126 	int rc;
   10127 
   10128 	if ((unsigned)del > 1 || !TXN_DBI_EXIST(txn, dbi, DB_USRVALID))
   10129 		return EINVAL;
   10130 
   10131 	if (F_ISSET(txn->mt_flags, MDB_TXN_RDONLY))
   10132 		return EACCES;
   10133 
   10134 	if (TXN_DBI_CHANGED(txn, dbi))
   10135 		return MDB_BAD_DBI;
   10136 
   10137 	rc = mdb_cursor_open(txn, dbi, &mc);
   10138 	if (rc)
   10139 		return rc;
   10140 
   10141 	MDB_TRACE(("%u, %d", dbi, del));
   10142 	rc = mdb_drop0(mc, mc->mc_db->md_flags & MDB_DUPSORT);
   10143 	/* Invalidate the dropped DB's cursors */
   10144 	for (m2 = txn->mt_cursors[dbi]; m2; m2 = m2->mc_next)
   10145 		m2->mc_flags &= ~(C_INITIALIZED|C_EOF);
   10146 	if (rc)
   10147 		goto leave;
   10148 
   10149 	/* Can't delete the main DB */
   10150 	if (del && dbi >= CORE_DBS) {
   10151 		rc = mdb_del0(txn, MAIN_DBI, &mc->mc_dbx->md_name, NULL, F_SUBDATA);
   10152 		if (!rc) {
   10153 			txn->mt_dbflags[dbi] = DB_STALE;
   10154 			mdb_dbi_close(txn->mt_env, dbi);
   10155 		} else {
   10156 			txn->mt_flags |= MDB_TXN_ERROR;
   10157 		}
   10158 	} else {
   10159 		/* reset the DB record, mark it dirty */
   10160 		txn->mt_dbflags[dbi] |= DB_DIRTY;
   10161 		txn->mt_dbs[dbi].md_depth = 0;
   10162 		txn->mt_dbs[dbi].md_branch_pages = 0;
   10163 		txn->mt_dbs[dbi].md_leaf_pages = 0;
   10164 		txn->mt_dbs[dbi].md_overflow_pages = 0;
   10165 		txn->mt_dbs[dbi].md_entries = 0;
   10166 		txn->mt_dbs[dbi].md_root = P_INVALID;
   10167 
   10168 		txn->mt_flags |= MDB_TXN_DIRTY;
   10169 	}
   10170 leave:
   10171 	mdb_cursor_close(mc);
   10172 	return rc;
   10173 }
   10174 
   10175 int mdb_set_compare(MDB_txn *txn, MDB_dbi dbi, MDB_cmp_func *cmp)
   10176 {
   10177 	if (!TXN_DBI_EXIST(txn, dbi, DB_USRVALID))
   10178 		return EINVAL;
   10179 
   10180 	txn->mt_dbxs[dbi].md_cmp = cmp;
   10181 	return MDB_SUCCESS;
   10182 }
   10183 
   10184 int mdb_set_dupsort(MDB_txn *txn, MDB_dbi dbi, MDB_cmp_func *cmp)
   10185 {
   10186 	if (!TXN_DBI_EXIST(txn, dbi, DB_USRVALID))
   10187 		return EINVAL;
   10188 
   10189 	txn->mt_dbxs[dbi].md_dcmp = cmp;
   10190 	return MDB_SUCCESS;
   10191 }
   10192 
   10193 int mdb_set_relfunc(MDB_txn *txn, MDB_dbi dbi, MDB_rel_func *rel)
   10194 {
   10195 	if (!TXN_DBI_EXIST(txn, dbi, DB_USRVALID))
   10196 		return EINVAL;
   10197 
   10198 	txn->mt_dbxs[dbi].md_rel = rel;
   10199 	return MDB_SUCCESS;
   10200 }
   10201 
   10202 int mdb_set_relctx(MDB_txn *txn, MDB_dbi dbi, void *ctx)
   10203 {
   10204 	if (!TXN_DBI_EXIST(txn, dbi, DB_USRVALID))
   10205 		return EINVAL;
   10206 
   10207 	txn->mt_dbxs[dbi].md_relctx = ctx;
   10208 	return MDB_SUCCESS;
   10209 }
   10210 
   10211 int ESECT
   10212 mdb_env_get_maxkeysize(MDB_env *env)
   10213 {
   10214 	return ENV_MAXKEY(env);
   10215 }
   10216 
   10217 int ESECT
   10218 mdb_reader_list(MDB_env *env, MDB_msg_func *func, void *ctx)
   10219 {
   10220 	unsigned int i, rdrs;
   10221 	MDB_reader *mr;
   10222 	char buf[64];
   10223 	int rc = 0, first = 1;
   10224 
   10225 	if (!env || !func)
   10226 		return -1;
   10227 	if (!env->me_txns) {
   10228 		return func("(no reader locks)\n", ctx);
   10229 	}
   10230 	rdrs = env->me_txns->mti_numreaders;
   10231 	mr = env->me_txns->mti_readers;
   10232 	for (i=0; i<rdrs; i++) {
   10233 		if (mr[i].mr_pid) {
   10234 			txnid_t	txnid = mr[i].mr_txnid;
   10235 			sprintf(buf, txnid == (txnid_t)-1 ?
   10236 				"%10d %"Z"x -\n" : "%10d %"Z"x %"Z"u\n",
   10237 				(int)mr[i].mr_pid, (size_t)mr[i].mr_tid, txnid);
   10238 			if (first) {
   10239 				first = 0;
   10240 				rc = func("    pid     thread     txnid\n", ctx);
   10241 				if (rc < 0)
   10242 					break;
   10243 			}
   10244 			rc = func(buf, ctx);
   10245 			if (rc < 0)
   10246 				break;
   10247 		}
   10248 	}
   10249 	if (first) {
   10250 		rc = func("(no active readers)\n", ctx);
   10251 	}
   10252 	return rc;
   10253 }
   10254 
   10255 /** Insert pid into list if not already present.
   10256  * return -1 if already present.
   10257  */
   10258 static int ESECT
   10259 mdb_pid_insert(MDB_PID_T *ids, MDB_PID_T pid)
   10260 {
   10261 	/* binary search of pid in list */
   10262 	unsigned base = 0;
   10263 	unsigned cursor = 1;
   10264 	int val = 0;
   10265 	unsigned n = ids[0];
   10266 
   10267 	while( 0 < n ) {
   10268 		unsigned pivot = n >> 1;
   10269 		cursor = base + pivot + 1;
   10270 		val = pid - ids[cursor];
   10271 
   10272 		if( val < 0 ) {
   10273 			n = pivot;
   10274 
   10275 		} else if ( val > 0 ) {
   10276 			base = cursor;
   10277 			n -= pivot + 1;
   10278 
   10279 		} else {
   10280 			/* found, so it's a duplicate */
   10281 			return -1;
   10282 		}
   10283 	}
   10284 
   10285 	if( val > 0 ) {
   10286 		++cursor;
   10287 	}
   10288 	ids[0]++;
   10289 	for (n = ids[0]; n > cursor; n--)
   10290 		ids[n] = ids[n-1];
   10291 	ids[n] = pid;
   10292 	return 0;
   10293 }
   10294 
   10295 int ESECT
   10296 mdb_reader_check(MDB_env *env, int *dead)
   10297 {
   10298 	if (!env)
   10299 		return EINVAL;
   10300 	if (dead)
   10301 		*dead = 0;
   10302 	return env->me_txns ? mdb_reader_check0(env, 0, dead) : MDB_SUCCESS;
   10303 }
   10304 
   10305 /** As #mdb_reader_check(). \b rlocked is set if caller locked #me_rmutex. */
   10306 static int ESECT
   10307 mdb_reader_check0(MDB_env *env, int rlocked, int *dead)
   10308 {
   10309 	mdb_mutexref_t rmutex = rlocked ? NULL : env->me_rmutex;
   10310 	unsigned int i, j, rdrs;
   10311 	MDB_reader *mr;
   10312 	MDB_PID_T *pids, pid;
   10313 	int rc = MDB_SUCCESS, count = 0;
   10314 
   10315 	rdrs = env->me_txns->mti_numreaders;
   10316 	pids = malloc((rdrs+1) * sizeof(MDB_PID_T));
   10317 	if (!pids)
   10318 		return ENOMEM;
   10319 	pids[0] = 0;
   10320 	mr = env->me_txns->mti_readers;
   10321 	for (i=0; i<rdrs; i++) {
   10322 		pid = mr[i].mr_pid;
   10323 		if (pid && pid != env->me_pid) {
   10324 			if (mdb_pid_insert(pids, pid) == 0) {
   10325 				if (!mdb_reader_pid(env, Pidcheck, pid)) {
   10326 					/* Stale reader found */
   10327 					j = i;
   10328 					if (rmutex) {
   10329 						if ((rc = LOCK_MUTEX0(rmutex)) != 0) {
   10330 							if ((rc = mdb_mutex_failed(env, rmutex, rc)))
   10331 								break;
   10332 							rdrs = 0; /* the above checked all readers */
   10333 						} else {
   10334 							/* Recheck, a new process may have reused pid */
   10335 							if (mdb_reader_pid(env, Pidcheck, pid))
   10336 								j = rdrs;
   10337 						}
   10338 					}
   10339 					for (; j<rdrs; j++)
   10340 							if (mr[j].mr_pid == pid) {
   10341 								DPRINTF(("clear stale reader pid %u txn %"Z"d",
   10342 									(unsigned) pid, mr[j].mr_txnid));
   10343 								mr[j].mr_pid = 0;
   10344 								count++;
   10345 							}
   10346 					if (rmutex)
   10347 						UNLOCK_MUTEX(rmutex);
   10348 				}
   10349 			}
   10350 		}
   10351 	}
   10352 	free(pids);
   10353 	if (dead)
   10354 		*dead = count;
   10355 	return rc;
   10356 }
   10357 
   10358 #ifdef MDB_ROBUST_SUPPORTED
   10359 /** Handle #LOCK_MUTEX0() failure.
   10360  * Try to repair the lock file if the mutex owner died.
   10361  * @param[in] env	the environment handle
   10362  * @param[in] mutex	LOCK_MUTEX0() mutex
   10363  * @param[in] rc	LOCK_MUTEX0() error (nonzero)
   10364  * @return 0 on success with the mutex locked, or an error code on failure.
   10365  */
   10366 static int ESECT
   10367 mdb_mutex_failed(MDB_env *env, mdb_mutexref_t mutex, int rc)
   10368 {
   10369 	int rlocked, rc2;
   10370 	MDB_meta *meta;
   10371 
   10372 	if (rc == MDB_OWNERDEAD) {
   10373 		/* We own the mutex. Clean up after dead previous owner. */
   10374 		rc = MDB_SUCCESS;
   10375 		rlocked = (mutex == env->me_rmutex);
   10376 		if (!rlocked) {
   10377 			/* Keep mti_txnid updated, otherwise next writer can
   10378 			 * overwrite data which latest meta page refers to.
   10379 			 */
   10380 			meta = mdb_env_pick_meta(env);
   10381 			env->me_txns->mti_txnid = meta->mm_txnid;
   10382 			/* env is hosed if the dead thread was ours */
   10383 			if (env->me_txn) {
   10384 				env->me_flags |= MDB_FATAL_ERROR;
   10385 				env->me_txn = NULL;
   10386 				rc = MDB_PANIC;
   10387 			}
   10388 		}
   10389 		DPRINTF(("%cmutex owner died, %s", (rlocked ? 'r' : 'w'),
   10390 			(rc ? "this process' env is hosed" : "recovering")));
   10391 		rc2 = mdb_reader_check0(env, rlocked, NULL);
   10392 		if (rc2 == 0)
   10393 			rc2 = mdb_mutex_consistent(mutex);
   10394 		if (rc || (rc = rc2)) {
   10395 			DPRINTF(("LOCK_MUTEX recovery failed, %s", mdb_strerror(rc)));
   10396 			UNLOCK_MUTEX(mutex);
   10397 		}
   10398 	} else {
   10399 #ifdef _WIN32
   10400 		rc = ErrCode();
   10401 #endif
   10402 		DPRINTF(("LOCK_MUTEX failed, %s", mdb_strerror(rc)));
   10403 	}
   10404 
   10405 	return rc;
   10406 }
   10407 #endif	/* MDB_ROBUST_SUPPORTED */
   10408 
   10409 #if defined(_WIN32)
   10410 /** Convert \b src to new wchar_t[] string with room for \b xtra extra chars */
   10411 static int ESECT
   10412 utf8_to_utf16(const char *src, MDB_name *dst, int xtra)
   10413 {
   10414 	int rc, need = 0;
   10415 	wchar_t *result = NULL;
   10416 	for (;;) {					/* malloc result, then fill it in */
   10417 		need = MultiByteToWideChar(CP_UTF8, 0, src, -1, result, need);
   10418 		if (!need) {
   10419 			rc = ErrCode();
   10420 			free(result);
   10421 			return rc;
   10422 		}
   10423 		if (!result) {
   10424 			result = malloc(sizeof(wchar_t) * (need + xtra));
   10425 			if (!result)
   10426 				return ENOMEM;
   10427 			continue;
   10428 		}
   10429 		dst->mn_alloced = 1;
   10430 		dst->mn_len = need - 1;
   10431 		dst->mn_val = result;
   10432 		return MDB_SUCCESS;
   10433 	}
   10434 }
   10435 #endif /* defined(_WIN32) */
   10436 /** @} */
   10437