BUILDING revision 1.16
1 BUILDING(8) NetBSD System Manager's Manual BUILDING(8) 2 3 NAME 4 BUILDING - Procedure for building NetBSD from source code. 5 6 STATUS 7 This document is a work-in-progress. As such, the information described 8 here may not match the reality of the build system as of this writing. 9 Once this document is completely in sync with reality, this paragraph 10 will be removed. 11 12 Discrepancies between this documentation and the current reality of im- 13 plementation are noted specially, as with the note below: 14 15 Note: This document applies only to platforms which use the new toolchain 16 as indicated by the default setting of TOOLCHAIN_MISSING in <bsd.own.mk>. 17 Platforms which have not yet been switched to the new toolchain should 18 continue building traditionally, using the notes specified in the file 19 UPDATING. 20 21 REQUIREMENTS 22 NetBSD is designed to be buildable on most POSIX-compliant host systems. 23 The basic build procedure is the same whether compiling natively (on the 24 same NetBSD architecture) or cross compiling (on another architecture or 25 OS). 26 27 This source tree contains a special subtree, ``tools'', which uses the 28 host system to create a build toolchain for the target architecture. The 29 host system must have at least C and C++ compilers in order to create the 30 toolchain (make is not required); all other tools are created as part of 31 the NetBSD build process. 32 33 Note: A couple host toolchain components are not yet available in 34 the tools directory. Also, some tools use non-POSIX, non-ANSI C 35 extensions and need to be standardized. As a result, cross-compil- 36 ing from systems other than NetBSD is not currently supported. 37 38 FILES 39 Source tree layout 40 41 BUILDING.mdoc This document (in -mdoc troff format; the original copy). 42 43 BUILDING This document (in plaintext). 44 45 Makefile The main Makefile for NetBSD; should only be run for na- 46 tive builds with an appropriately up-to-date version of 47 NetBSD make(1). (For building from out-of-date systems or 48 on a non-native host, see the build.sh shell script.) 49 50 UPDATING Special notes for updating from an earlier revision of 51 NetBSD. It is important to read this file before every 52 build of an updated source tree. 53 54 build.sh Bourne-compatible shell script used for building the host 55 build tools and the NetBSD system from scratch. Can be 56 used for both native and cross builds, and should be used 57 instead of make(1) for any source tree that is updated and 58 recompiled regularly. 59 60 crypto/dist/, dist/, gnu/dist/ 61 Sources imported verbatim from third parties, without man- 62 gling the existing build structure. Other source trees in 63 bin through usr.sbin use the NetBSD make(1) ``reachover'' 64 Makefile semantics when building these programs for a na- 65 tive host. 66 67 distrib/, etc/ 68 Sources for items used when making a full release snap- 69 shot, such as files installed in /etc on the destination 70 system, boot media, and release notes. 71 72 regress/ Regression test harness. Can be cross-compiled, but only 73 run natively. 74 75 sys/ NetBSD kernel sources. 76 77 tools/ ``Reachover'' build structure for the host build tools. 78 This has a special method of determining out-of-date sta- 79 tus. 80 81 bin/ ... usr.sbin/ 82 Sources to the NetBSD userland (non-kernel) programs. If 83 any of these directories are missing, they will be skipped 84 during the build. 85 86 Build tree layout 87 The NetBSD build tree is described in hier(7), and the release layout is 88 described in release(7). 89 90 CONFIGURATION 91 Environment variables 92 Several environment variables control the behaviour of NetBSD builds. 93 94 MACHINE Machine type. 95 96 MACHINE_ARCH Machine architecture. 97 98 MAKE Path name to invoke make(1) as. 99 100 MAKEFLAGS Flags to invoke make(1) with. 101 102 MAKEOBJDIR Directory to use as the .OBJDIR for the current direc- 103 tory. Used only if MAKEOBJDIRPREFIX is not defined. 104 MAKEOBJDIR can only be provided in the environment. 105 106 MAKEOBJDIRPREFIX Top level directory of the object directory tree. If 107 this is defined, ${MAKEOBJDIRPREFIX}/${.CURDIR} is used 108 as the .OBJDIR for the current directory. The current 109 directory may be read only. MAKEOBJDIRPREFIX can only 110 be provided in the environment. 111 112 "make" variables 113 Several variables control the behavior of NetBSD builds. Unless other- 114 wise specified, these variables may be set in either the process environ- 115 ment or the make(1) configuration file specified by MAKECONF. 116 117 BUILDID Identifier for the build. The identifier will be appended to 118 object directory names, and can be consulted in the make(1) 119 configuration file in order to set additional build parame- 120 ters, such as compiler flags. 121 122 DESTDIR Directory to contain the built NetBSD system. If set, spe- 123 cial options are passed to the compilation tools to prevent 124 their default use of the host system's /usr/include, 125 /usr/lib, and so forth. This pathname should not end with a 126 slash (/) character (for installation into the system's root 127 directory, set DESTDIR to an empty string). The directory 128 must reside on a file system which supports long file names 129 and hard links. 130 131 Default: Empty string if USETOOLS is ``yes''; unset other- 132 wise. 133 134 MAKECONF The name of the make(1) configuration file. Only settable in 135 the process environment. 136 137 Default: ``/etc/mk.conf'' 138 139 MKCATPAGES Can be set to ``yes'' or ``no''. Indicates whether prefor- 140 matted plaintext manual pages will be created during a build. 141 142 Default: ``yes'' 143 144 MKCRYPTO Can be set to ``yes'' or ``no''. Indicates whether crypto- 145 graphic code will be included in a build; provided for the 146 benefit of countries that do not allow strong cryptography. 147 Will not affect use of the standard low-security password en- 148 cryption system, crypt(3). 149 150 Default: ``yes'' 151 152 MKDOC Can be set to ``yes'' or ``no''. Indicates whether system 153 documentation destined for /usr/share/doc will be installed 154 during a build. 155 156 Default: ``yes'' 157 158 MKHOSTOBJ Can be set to ``yes'' or ``no''. If set to ``yes'', then for 159 programs intended to be run on the compile host, the name, 160 release, and architecture of the host operating system will 161 be suffixed to the name of the object directory created by 162 ``make obj''. (This allows multiple host systems to compile 163 NetBSD for a single target.) If set to ``no'', then programs 164 built to be run on the compile host will use the same object 165 directory names as programs built to be run on the target. 166 167 Default: ``no'' 168 169 MKINFO Can be set to ``yes'' or ``no''. Indicates whether GNU Info 170 files, used for the documentation for most of the compilation 171 tools, will be created and installed during a build. 172 173 Default: ``yes'' 174 175 MKLINT Can be set to ``yes'' or ``no''. Indicates whether lint(1) 176 will be run against portions of the NetBSD source code during 177 the build, and whether lint libraries will be installed into 178 /usr/libdata/lint. 179 180 Default: ``yes'' 181 182 MKMAN Can be set to ``yes'' or ``no''. Indicates whether manual 183 pages will be installed during a build. 184 185 Default: ``yes'' 186 187 MKNLS Can be set to ``yes'' or ``no''. Indicates whether Native 188 Language System locale zone files will be compiled and in- 189 stalled during a build. 190 191 Default: ``yes'' 192 193 MKOBJ Can be set to ``yes'' or ``no''. Indicates whether object 194 directories will be created when running ``make obj''. If 195 set to ``no'', then all built files will be located inside 196 the regular source tree. 197 198 Default: ``yes'' 199 200 MKPIC Can be set to ``yes'' or ``no''. Indicates whether shared 201 objects and libraries will be created and installed during a 202 build. If set to ``no'', the entire built system will be 203 statically linked. 204 205 Default: Platform dependent. As of this writing, all plat- 206 forms except sh3 default to ``yes''. 207 208 MKPICINSTALL 209 Can be set to ``yes'' or ``no''. Indicates whether the ar(1) 210 format libraries (lib*_pic.a), used to generate shared li- 211 braries, are installed during a build. 212 213 Default: ``yes'' 214 215 MKPROFILE Can be set to ``yes'' or ``no''. Indicates whether profiled 216 libraries (lib*_p.a) will be built and installed during a 217 build. 218 219 Default: ``yes''; however, some platforms turn off MKPROFILE 220 by default at times due to toolchain problems with profiled 221 code. 222 223 MKSHARE Can be set to ``yes'' or ``no''. Indicates whether files 224 destined to reside in /usr/share will be built and installed 225 during a build. If set to ``no'', then all of MKCATPAGES, 226 MKDOC, MKINFO, MKMAN, and MKNLS will be set to ``no'' uncon- 227 ditionally. 228 229 Default: ``yes'' 230 231 TOOLDIR Directory to hold the host tools, once built. This directory 232 should be unique to a given host system and NetBSD source 233 tree. (However, multiple targets may share the same TOOLDIR; 234 the target-dependent files have unique names.) If unset, a 235 default based on the uname(1) information of the host plat- 236 form will be created in the .OBJDIR of src/tools. 237 238 Default: Unset. 239 240 UNPRIVED If set, then an unprivileged install will occur. The user, 241 group, permissions, and file flags, will not be set on the 242 installed item; instead the information will be appended to a 243 file called METALOG in DESTDIR. The contents of METALOG is 244 used during the generation of the distribution tar files to 245 ensure that the appropriate file ownership is stored. 246 247 Default: Unset. 248 249 UPDATE If set, then all install operations intended to write to 250 DESTDIR will compare file timestamps before installing, and 251 skip the install phase if the destination files are up-to- 252 date. This also has implications on full builds (see next 253 subsection). 254 255 Default: Unset. 256 257 USETOOLS Indicates whether the tools specified by TOOLDIR should be 258 used as part of a build in progress. Must be set to ``yes'' 259 if cross-compiling. 260 261 yes Use the tools from TOOLDIR. 262 263 no Do not use the tools from TOOLDIR, but refuse to build 264 native compilation tool components that are version- 265 specific for that tool. 266 267 never Do not use the tools from TOOLDIR, even when building 268 native tool components. This is similar to the tradi- 269 tional NetBSD build method, but does not verify that 270 the compilation tools in use are up-to-date enough in 271 order to build the tree successfully. This may cause 272 build or runtime problems when building the whole 273 NetBSD source tree. 274 275 Default: ``yes'' if building all or part of a whole NetBSD 276 source tree (detected automatically); ``no'' otherwise (to 277 preserve traditional semantics of the <bsd.*.mk> make(1) in- 278 clude files). 279 280 "make" variables for full builds 281 These variables only affect the top level ``Makefile'' and do not affect 282 manually building subtrees of the NetBSD source code. 283 284 MKOBJDIRS Can be set to ``yes'' or ``no''. Indicates whether object 285 directories will be created automatically (via a ``make 286 obj'' pass) at the start of a build. 287 288 Default: ``yes'' 289 290 NBUILDJOBS Now obsolete. Use the make(1) option -j, instead (see be- 291 low) 292 293 Default: Unset. 294 295 NOCLEANDIR If set, avoids the ``make cleandir'' phase of a full 296 build. This has the effect of allowing only changed files 297 in a source tree to be recompiled. This can speed up 298 builds when updating only a few files in the tree. 299 300 Default: Unset. 301 302 NODISTRIBDIRS If set, avoids the ``make distrib-dirs'' phase of a full 303 build. This skips running mtree(8) on DESTDIR, useful on 304 systems where building as an unprivileged user, or where 305 it is known that the system-wide mtree files have not 306 changed. 307 308 Default: Unset. 309 310 NOINCLUDES If set, avoids the ``make includes'' phase of a full 311 build. This has the effect of preventing make(1) from 312 thinking that some programs are out-of-date simply because 313 the system include files have changed. However, this op- 314 tion should not be used when updating the entire NetBSD 315 source tree arbitrarily; it is suggested to use UPDATE in 316 that case. 317 318 Default: Unset. 319 320 RELEASEDIR If set, specifies the directory to which a release(7) lay- 321 out will be written at the end of a ``make release''. 322 323 Default: Unset. 324 325 UPDATE If set, then in addition to the effects described for UP- 326 DATE above, this implies the effects of NOCLEANDIR. 327 328 BUILDING 329 "make" command line options 330 This is only a summary of options available to make(1); only the options 331 used most frequently with NetBSD builds are listed here. 332 333 -j njob Run up to njob make(1) subjobs in parallel. Makefiles should 334 use .WAIT or have explicit dependancies as necessary to en- 335 force build ordering. If you see build failures with -j, 336 please save complete build logs so the failures can be ana- 337 lyzed. 338 339 -m dir Specify the default directory for searching for system Make- 340 file segments, mainly the <bsd.*.mk> files. When building any 341 full NetBSD source tree, this should be set to the 342 ``share/mk'' directory in the source tree. (This is set auto- 343 matically when building from the top level.) 344 345 -n Display the commands that would have been executed, but do not 346 actually execute them. This will still cause recursion to 347 take place. 348 349 -v var Print make(1)'s idea of the value of var. Does not build any 350 targets. 351 352 var=value Set the variable var to value, overriding any setting speci- 353 fied by the process environment, the MAKECONF configuration 354 file, or the system Makefile segments. 355 356 "make" targets 357 These default targets may be built by running make(1) in any subtree of 358 the NetBSD source code. It is recommended that none of these be used 359 from the top level Makefile; as a specific exception, ``make obj'' and 360 ``make cleandir'' are useful in that context. 361 362 all Build programs, libraries, and preformatted documentation. 363 364 clean Remove program and library object code files. 365 366 cleandir Same as clean, but also remove preformatted documentation, de- 367 pendency files generated by ``make depend'', and any other 368 files known to be created at build time. ``make distclean'' 369 may be used as a synonym, for familiarity with a similar well- 370 known convention. 371 372 depend Create dependency files (.depend) containing more detailed in- 373 formation about the dependencies of source code on header 374 files. Allows programs to be recompiled automatically when a 375 dependency changes. 376 377 dependall Does a ``make depend'' immediately followed by a ``make all''. 378 This improves cache locality of the build since both passes 379 read the source files in their entirety. 380 381 includes Build and install system header files. Typically needed be- 382 fore any system libraries or programs can be built. 383 384 install Install programs, libraries, and documentation into DESTDIR. 385 Few files will be installed to /dev, /etc, /root or /var in 386 order to prevent user supplied configuration data from being 387 overwritten. 388 389 lint Run lint(1) against the C source code, where appropriate, and 390 generate system-installed lint libraries. 391 392 obj Create object directories to be used for built files, instead 393 of building directly in the source tree. 394 395 tags Create ctags(1) searchable function lists usable by the ex(1) 396 and vi(1) text editors. 397 398 "make" targets for the top level 399 Additional make(1) targets are usable specifically from the top source 400 level to facilitate building the entire NetBSD source tree. 401 402 build Build the entire NetBSD system. This orders portions of the 403 source tree such that prerequisites will be built in the prop- 404 er order. 405 406 release Do a ``make build'', then package the system into a standard 407 release layout as described by release(7). This requires that 408 RELEASEDIR be set (see above). 409 410 regression-tests 411 Can only be run after building the regression tests in the di- 412 rectory ``regress''. Runs the compiled regression tests on 413 the local host. 414 415 The "build.sh" script 416 This script file is a Bourne shell script designed to build the entire 417 NetBSD system on any host with a Bourne shell in /bin/sh, including many 418 that are not POSIX compliant. Note that if a host system's /bin/sh is 419 unusually old and broken, the Korn Shell (/bin/ksh), if available, may be 420 a usable alternative. 421 422 All cross-compile builds, and most native builds, of the entire system 423 should make use of build.sh rather than just running ``make''. This way, 424 the make(1) program will be bootstrapped properly, in case the host sys- 425 tem has an older or incompatible ``make'' program. 426 427 When compiling the entire system via build.sh, many make(1) variables are 428 set for you in order to help encapsulate the build process. In the list 429 of options below, variables that are automatically set by build.sh are 430 noted where applicable. 431 432 The following are available command line options that may be supplied to 433 build.sh: 434 435 -a arch Set the value of MACHINE_ARCH to arch. 436 437 -B buildid 438 Set the value of BUILDID to buildid. This will also append the 439 build idenfitier to the name of the ``make'' wrapper script so 440 that the resulting name is of the form ``nbmake-MACHINE- 441 BUILDID''. 442 443 -b Bootstrap ``make'' and create a nbmake-MACHINE script (see be- 444 low). 445 446 -d Build a full distribution. This differs from a default build 447 in that files will also be installed to /dev, /etc, /root and 448 /var. Note this does not build a ``release''; no release sets 449 are placed in ${RELEASEDIR}. -d is implied by -R. 450 451 -j njob Passed through to make(1). Makefiles should use .WAIT or have 452 explicit dependancies as necessary to enforce build ordering. 453 If you see build failures with -j, please save complete build 454 logs so the failures can be analyzed. 455 456 -k kernel 457 Build a new kernel. The kernel argument is the name of a con- 458 figuration file suitable for use by config(8). If kernel does 459 not contain any `/' characters, the configuration file is ex- 460 pected to be found in the KERNCONFDIR directory, which is typi- 461 cally sys/arch/MACHINE/conf. The new kernel will be built in a 462 subdirectory of KERNOBJDIR, which is typically 463 sys/arch/MACHINE/compile or an associated object directory. In 464 order to ensure that the kernel is built using up-to-date 465 tools, it is strongly recommended that the tools be rebuilt 466 (using the -t option) in a separate invocation of build.sh pri- 467 or to using the -k option, or that the -t and -k options be 468 used together in a single invocation of build.sh. 469 470 -m mach Set the value of MACHINE to mach. This will also override any 471 value of MACHINE_ARCH in the process environment with a value 472 deduced from mach, unless -a is specified. All cross builds 473 require -m, but if unset on a NetBSD host, the host's value of 474 MACHINE will be detected and used automatically. 475 476 -n Show the commands that would be executed by build.sh, but do 477 not make any changes. This is similar in concept to ``make 478 -n''. 479 480 -o Set the value of MKOBJDIRS to ``no''. 481 482 -r Remove the contents of DESTDIR and TOOLDIR before building 483 (provides a clean starting point). This will skip deleting 484 DESTDIR if building on a native system to the root directory. 485 486 -t Build and install the host tools from src/tools only. This op- 487 tion implies -b. 488 489 -u Set the UPDATE variable. 490 491 -w wrapper 492 Create the nbmake wrapper script (see below) in a custom loca- 493 tion, specified by wrapper. This allows, for instance, to 494 place the wrapper in PATH automatically. Note that wrapper is 495 the full name of the file, not just a directory name. 496 497 -D dest Set the value of DESTDIR to dest. 498 499 -M obj Set MAKEOBJDIRPREFIX to obj. 500 501 -O obj Create an appropriate transform macro for MAKEOBJDIR that will 502 place the built object files under obj. For instance, a set- 503 ting of /usr/obj will place build-time files under 504 /usr/obj/bin, /usr/obj/lib, and so forth. 505 506 -R rel Set the value of RELEASEDIR to rel. Setting this option will 507 cause build.sh to run ``make release'' instead of ``make 508 build''. 509 510 -T tools Set the value of TOOLDIR to tools. If set, the bootstrap 511 ``make'' will only be rebuilt as needed (when the source files 512 for make(1) change). 513 514 -U Set the UNPRIVED variable. 515 516 The "nbmake-MACHINE" wrapper script 517 If using the build.sh script to build NetBSD, a nbmake-MACHINE script 518 will be created in TOOLDIR/bin upon the first build to assist in building 519 subtrees on a cross-compile host. 520 521 nbmake-MACHINE can be invoked in lieu of make(1), and will instead call 522 the up-to-date version of ``nbmake'' installed into TOOLDIR/bin with sev- 523 eral key variables pre-set, including MACHINE, MACHINE_ARCH, and TOOLDIR. 524 This script can be symlinked into a directory listed in PATH, or called 525 with an absolute path. 526 527 EXAMPLES 528 ./build.sh -t 529 Build a new toolchain. 530 531 cd ${KERNCONFDIR} ; ${TOOLDIR}/bin/nbconfig GENERIC 532 Use the new version of config(8) to prepare to build a new 533 GENERIC kernel. 534 535 cd ${KERNOBJDIR}/GENERIC ; ${TOOLDIR}/bin/nbmake-${MACHINE} dependall 536 Use the new toolchain to build a new GENERIC kernel. 537 538 ./build.sh -t -k GENERIC 539 Build a new toolchain, and use the new toolchain to configure 540 and build a new GENERIC kernel. 541 542 ./build.sh -U -d 543 Using unprivileged mode, build a complete distribution in 544 DESTDIR. 545 546 ./build.sh -U -R /some/dir/RELEASE 547 Using unprivileged mode, build a complete release in the speci- 548 fied release directory. 549 550 OBSOLETE VARIABLES 551 NBUILDJOBS Use the make(1) option -j, instead. 552 553 USE_NEW_TOOLCHAIN 554 The new toolchain is now the default. To disable, use 555 TOOLCHAIN_MISSING=yes. 556 557 SEE ALSO 558 make(1), hier(7), release(7) 559 560 HISTORY 561 The build.sh based build scheme was introduced for NetBSD 1.6 as 562 USE_NEW_TOOLCHAIN, and re-worked to TOOLCHAIN_MISSING after that. 563 564 BUGS 565 A few platforms are not yet using this build system. 566 567 NetBSD October 21, 2002 9 568
Indexes created Fri Oct 10 14:10:03 GMT 2025