xref: /src/common/lib/libc/misc/ubsan.c

/*	$NetBSD: ubsan.c,v 1.7 2019/10/04 12:12:47 mrg Exp $	*/

/*-
 * Copyright (c) 2018 The NetBSD Foundation, Inc.
 * All rights reserved.
 *
 * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
 * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
 * are met:
 * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
 *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
 * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
 *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
 *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
 *
 * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE NETBSD FOUNDATION, INC. AND CONTRIBUTORS
 * ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED
 * TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR
 * PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE FOUNDATION OR CONTRIBUTORS
 * BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR
 * CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF
 * SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS
 * INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN
 * CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE)
 * ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
 * POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
 */


/*
 * The micro UBSan implementation for the userland (uUBSan) and kernel (kUBSan).
 * The uBSSan versions is suitable for inclusion into libc or used standalone
 * with ATF tests.
 *
 * This file due to long symbol names generated by a compiler during the
 * instrumentation process does not follow the KNF style with 80-column limit.
 */

#include <sys/cdefs.h>
#if defined(_KERNEL)
__KERNEL_RCSID(0, "$NetBSD: ubsan.c,v 1.7 2019/10/04 12:12:47 mrg Exp $");
#else
__RCSID("$NetBSD: ubsan.c,v 1.7 2019/10/04 12:12:47 mrg Exp $");
#endif

#if defined(_KERNEL)
#include <sys/param.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/stdarg.h>
#define ASSERT(x) KASSERT(x)
#else
#if defined(_LIBC)
#include "namespace.h"
#endif
#include <sys/param.h>
#include <assert.h>
#include <inttypes.h>
#include <math.h>
#include <signal.h>
#include <stdarg.h>
#include <stdbool.h>
#include <stdint.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <syslog.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#if defined(_LIBC)
#include "extern.h"
#define ubsan_vsyslog vsyslog_ss
#define ASSERT(x) _DIAGASSERT(x)
#else
#define ubsan_vsyslog vsyslog_r
#define ASSERT(x) assert(x)
#endif
/* These macros are available in _KERNEL only */
#define SET(t, f)	((t) |= (f))
#define ISSET(t, f)	((t) & (f))
#define CLR(t, f)	((t) &= ~(f))
#endif

#ifdef UBSAN_ALWAYS_FATAL
static const bool alwaysFatal = true;
#else
static const bool alwaysFatal = false;
#endif

#define REINTERPRET_CAST(__dt, __st)	((__dt)(__st))
#define STATIC_CAST(__dt, __st)		((__dt)(__st))

#define ACK_REPORTED	__BIT(31)

#define MUL_STRING	"*"
#define PLUS_STRING	"+"
#define MINUS_STRING	"-"
#define DIVREM_STRING	"divrem"

#define CFI_VCALL		0
#define CFI_NVCALL		1
#define CFI_DERIVEDCAST		2
#define CFI_UNRELATEDCAST	3
#define CFI_ICALL		4
#define CFI_NVMFCALL		5
#define CFI_VMFCALL		6

#define NUMBER_MAXLEN	128
#define LOCATION_MAXLEN	(PATH_MAX + 32 /* ':LINE:COLUMN' */)

#define WIDTH_8		8
#define WIDTH_16	16
#define WIDTH_32	32
#define WIDTH_64	64
#define WIDTH_80	80
#define WIDTH_96	96
#define WIDTH_128	128

#define NUMBER_SIGNED_BIT	1U

#ifdef __SIZEOF_INT128__
typedef __int128 longest;
typedef unsigned __int128 ulongest;
#else
typedef int64_t longest;
typedef uint64_t ulongest;
#endif

#ifndef _KERNEL
static int ubsan_flags = -1;
#define UBSAN_ABORT	__BIT(0)
#define UBSAN_STDOUT	__BIT(1)
#define UBSAN_STDERR	__BIT(2)
#define UBSAN_SYSLOG	__BIT(3)
#endif

/* Undefined Behavior specific defines and structures */

#define KIND_INTEGER	0
#define KIND_FLOAT	1
#define KIND_UNKNOWN	UINT16_MAX

struct CSourceLocation {
	char *mFilename;
	uint32_t mLine;
	uint32_t mColumn;
};

struct CTypeDescriptor {
	uint16_t mTypeKind;
	uint16_t mTypeInfo;
	uint8_t mTypeName[1];
};

struct COverflowData {
	struct CSourceLocation mLocation;
	struct CTypeDescriptor *mType;
};

struct CUnreachableData {
	struct CSourceLocation mLocation;
};

struct CCFICheckFailData {
	uint8_t mCheckKind;
	struct CSourceLocation mLocation;
	struct CTypeDescriptor *mType;
};

struct CDynamicTypeCacheMissData {
	struct CSourceLocation mLocation;
	struct CTypeDescriptor *mType;
	void *mTypeInfo;
	uint8_t mTypeCheckKind;
};

struct CFunctionTypeMismatchData {
	struct CSourceLocation mLocation;
	struct CTypeDescriptor *mType;
};

struct CInvalidBuiltinData {
	struct CSourceLocation mLocation;
	uint8_t mKind;
};

struct CInvalidValueData {
	struct CSourceLocation mLocation;
	struct CTypeDescriptor *mType;
};

struct CNonNullArgData {
	struct CSourceLocation mLocation;
	struct CSourceLocation mAttributeLocation;
	int mArgIndex;
};

struct CNonNullReturnData {
	struct CSourceLocation mAttributeLocation;
};

struct COutOfBoundsData {
	struct CSourceLocation mLocation;
	struct CTypeDescriptor *mArrayType;
	struct CTypeDescriptor *mIndexType;
};

struct CPointerOverflowData {
	struct CSourceLocation mLocation;
};

struct CShiftOutOfBoundsData {
	struct CSourceLocation mLocation;
	struct CTypeDescriptor *mLHSType;
	struct CTypeDescriptor *mRHSType;
};

struct CTypeMismatchData {
	struct CSourceLocation mLocation;
	struct CTypeDescriptor *mType;
	unsigned long mLogAlignment;
	uint8_t mTypeCheckKind;
};

struct CTypeMismatchData_v1 {
	struct CSourceLocation mLocation;
	struct CTypeDescriptor *mType;
	uint8_t mLogAlignment;
	uint8_t mTypeCheckKind;
};

struct CVLABoundData {
	struct CSourceLocation mLocation;
	struct CTypeDescriptor *mType;
};

struct CFloatCastOverflowData {
	struct CSourceLocation mLocation;	/* This field exists in this struct since 2015 August 11th */
	struct CTypeDescriptor *mFromType;
	struct CTypeDescriptor *mToType;
};

/* Local utility functions */
static void Report(bool isFatal, const char *pFormat, ...) __printflike(2, 3);
static bool isAlreadyReported(struct CSourceLocation *pLocation);
static size_t zDeserializeTypeWidth(struct CTypeDescriptor *pType);
static void DeserializeLocation(char *pBuffer, size_t zBUfferLength, struct CSourceLocation *pLocation);
#ifdef __SIZEOF_INT128__
static void DeserializeUINT128(char *pBuffer, size_t zBUfferLength, struct CTypeDescriptor *pType, __uint128_t U128);
#endif
static void DeserializeNumberSigned(char *pBuffer, size_t zBUfferLength, struct CTypeDescriptor *pType, longest L);
static void DeserializeNumberUnsigned(char *pBuffer, size_t zBUfferLength, struct CTypeDescriptor *pType, ulongest L);
#ifndef _KERNEL
static void DeserializeFloatOverPointer(char *pBuffer, size_t zBUfferLength, struct CTypeDescriptor *pType, unsigned long *pNumber);
static void DeserializeFloatInlined(char *pBuffer, size_t zBUfferLength, struct CTypeDescriptor *pType, unsigned long ulNumber);
#endif
static longest llliGetNumber(char *szLocation, struct CTypeDescriptor *pType, unsigned long ulNumber);
static ulongest llluGetNumber(char *szLocation, struct CTypeDescriptor *pType, unsigned long ulNumber);
#ifndef _KERNEL
static void DeserializeNumberFloat(char *szLocation, char *pBuffer, size_t zBUfferLength, struct CTypeDescriptor *pType, unsigned long ulNumber);
#endif
static void DeserializeNumber(char *szLocation, char *pBuffer, size_t zBUfferLength, struct CTypeDescriptor *pType, unsigned long ulNumber);
static const char *DeserializeTypeCheckKind(uint8_t hhuTypeCheckKind);
static const char *DeserializeBuiltinCheckKind(uint8_t hhuBuiltinCheckKind);
static const char *DeserializeCFICheckKind(uint8_t hhuCFICheckKind);
static bool isNegativeNumber(char *szLocation, struct CTypeDescriptor *pType, unsigned long ulNumber);
static bool isShiftExponentTooLarge(char *szLocation, struct CTypeDescriptor *pType, unsigned long ulNumber, size_t zWidth);

/* Unused in this implementation, emitted by the C++ check dynamic type cast. */
intptr_t __ubsan_vptr_type_cache[128];

/* Public symbols used in the instrumentation of the code generation part */
void __ubsan_handle_add_overflow(struct COverflowData *pData, unsigned long ulLHS, unsigned long ulRHS);
void __ubsan_handle_add_overflow_abort(struct COverflowData *pData, unsigned long ulLHS, unsigned long ulRHS);
void __ubsan_handle_builtin_unreachable(struct CUnreachableData *pData);
void __ubsan_handle_cfi_bad_type(struct CCFICheckFailData *pData, unsigned long ulVtable, bool bValidVtable, bool FromUnrecoverableHandler, unsigned long ProgramCounter, unsigned long FramePointer);
void __ubsan_handle_cfi_check_fail(struct CCFICheckFailData *pData, unsigned long ulValue, unsigned long ulValidVtable);
void __ubsan_handle_cfi_check_fail_abort(struct CCFICheckFailData *pData, unsigned long ulValue, unsigned long ulValidVtable);
void __ubsan_handle_divrem_overflow(struct COverflowData *pData, unsigned long ulLHS, unsigned long ulRHS);
void __ubsan_handle_divrem_overflow_abort(struct COverflowData *pData, unsigned long ulLHS, unsigned long ulRHS);
void __ubsan_handle_dynamic_type_cache_miss(struct CDynamicTypeCacheMissData *pData, unsigned long ulPointer, unsigned long ulHash);
void __ubsan_handle_dynamic_type_cache_miss_abort(struct CDynamicTypeCacheMissData *pData, unsigned long ulPointer, unsigned long ulHash);
void __ubsan_handle_float_cast_overflow(struct CFloatCastOverflowData *pData, unsigned long ulFrom);
void __ubsan_handle_float_cast_overflow_abort(struct CFloatCastOverflowData *pData, unsigned long ulFrom);
void __ubsan_handle_function_type_mismatch(struct CFunctionTypeMismatchData *pData, unsigned long ulFunction);
void __ubsan_handle_function_type_mismatch_abort(struct CFunctionTypeMismatchData *pData, unsigned long ulFunction);
void __ubsan_handle_invalid_builtin(struct CInvalidBuiltinData *pData);
void __ubsan_handle_invalid_builtin_abort(struct CInvalidBuiltinData *pData);
void __ubsan_handle_load_invalid_value(struct CInvalidValueData *pData, unsigned long ulVal);
void __ubsan_handle_load_invalid_value_abort(struct CInvalidValueData *pData, unsigned long ulVal);
void __ubsan_handle_missing_return(struct CUnreachableData *pData);
void __ubsan_handle_mul_overflow(struct COverflowData *pData, unsigned long ulLHS, unsigned long ulRHS);
void __ubsan_handle_mul_overflow_abort(struct COverflowData *pData, unsigned long ulLHS, unsigned long ulRHS);
void __ubsan_handle_negate_overflow(struct COverflowData *pData, unsigned long ulOldVal);
void __ubsan_handle_negate_overflow_abort(struct COverflowData *pData, unsigned long ulOldVal);
void __ubsan_handle_nonnull_arg(struct CNonNullArgData *pData);
void __ubsan_handle_nonnull_arg_abort(struct CNonNullArgData *pData);
void __ubsan_handle_nonnull_return_v1(struct CNonNullReturnData *pData, struct CSourceLocation *pLocationPointer);
void __ubsan_handle_nonnull_return_v1_abort(struct CNonNullReturnData *pData, struct CSourceLocation *pLocationPointer);
void __ubsan_handle_nullability_arg(struct CNonNullArgData *pData);
void __ubsan_handle_nullability_arg_abort(struct CNonNullArgData *pData);
void __ubsan_handle_nullability_return_v1(struct CNonNullReturnData *pData, struct CSourceLocation *pLocationPointer);
void __ubsan_handle_nullability_return_v1_abort(struct CNonNullReturnData *pData, struct CSourceLocation *pLocationPointer);
void __ubsan_handle_out_of_bounds(struct COutOfBoundsData *pData, unsigned long ulIndex);
void __ubsan_handle_out_of_bounds_abort(struct COutOfBoundsData *pData, unsigned long ulIndex);
void __ubsan_handle_pointer_overflow(struct CPointerOverflowData *pData, unsigned long ulBase, unsigned long ulResult);
void __ubsan_handle_pointer_overflow_abort(struct CPointerOverflowData *pData, unsigned long ulBase, unsigned long ulResult);
void __ubsan_handle_shift_out_of_bounds(struct CShiftOutOfBoundsData *pData, unsigned long ulLHS, unsigned long ulRHS);
void __ubsan_handle_shift_out_of_bounds_abort(struct CShiftOutOfBoundsData *pData, unsigned long ulLHS, unsigned long ulRHS);
void __ubsan_handle_sub_overflow(struct COverflowData *pData, unsigned long ulLHS, unsigned long ulRHS);
void __ubsan_handle_sub_overflow_abort(struct COverflowData *pData, unsigned long ulLHS, unsigned long ulRHS);
void __ubsan_handle_type_mismatch(struct CTypeMismatchData *pData, unsigned long ulPointer);
void __ubsan_handle_type_mismatch_abort(struct CTypeMismatchData *pData, unsigned long ulPointer);
void __ubsan_handle_type_mismatch_v1(struct CTypeMismatchData_v1 *pData, unsigned long ulPointer);
void __ubsan_handle_type_mismatch_v1_abort(struct CTypeMismatchData_v1 *pData, unsigned long ulPointer);
void __ubsan_handle_vla_bound_not_positive(struct CVLABoundData *pData, unsigned long ulBound);
void __ubsan_handle_vla_bound_not_positive_abort(struct CVLABoundData *pData, unsigned long ulBound);
void __ubsan_get_current_report_data(const char **ppOutIssueKind, const char **ppOutMessage, const char **ppOutFilename, uint32_t *pOutLine, uint32_t *pOutCol, char **ppOutMemoryAddr);

static void HandleOverflow(bool isFatal, struct COverflowData *pData, unsigned long ulLHS, unsigned long ulRHS, const char *szOperation);
static void HandleNegateOverflow(bool isFatal, struct COverflowData *pData, unsigned long ulOldValue);
static void HandleBuiltinUnreachable(bool isFatal, struct CUnreachableData *pData);
static void HandleTypeMismatch(bool isFatal, struct CSourceLocation *mLocation, struct CTypeDescriptor *mType, unsigned long mLogAlignment, uint8_t mTypeCheckKind, unsigned long ulPointer);
static void HandleVlaBoundNotPositive(bool isFatal, struct CVLABoundData *pData, unsigned long ulBound);
static void HandleOutOfBounds(bool isFatal, struct COutOfBoundsData *pData, unsigned long ulIndex);
static void HandleShiftOutOfBounds(bool isFatal, struct CShiftOutOfBoundsData *pData, unsigned long ulLHS, unsigned long ulRHS);
static void HandleLoadInvalidValue(bool isFatal, struct CInvalidValueData *pData, unsigned long ulValue);
static void HandleInvalidBuiltin(bool isFatal, struct CInvalidBuiltinData *pData);
static void HandleFunctionTypeMismatch(bool isFatal, struct CFunctionTypeMismatchData *pData, unsigned long ulFunction);
static void HandleCFIBadType(bool isFatal, struct CCFICheckFailData *pData, unsigned long ulVtable, bool *bValidVtable, bool *FromUnrecoverableHandler, unsigned long *ProgramCounter, unsigned long *FramePointer);
static void HandleDynamicTypeCacheMiss(bool isFatal, struct CDynamicTypeCacheMissData *pData, unsigned long ulPointer, unsigned long ulHash);
static void HandleFloatCastOverflow(bool isFatal, struct CFloatCastOverflowData *pData, unsigned long ulFrom);
static void HandleMissingReturn(bool isFatal, struct CUnreachableData *pData);
static void HandleNonnullArg(bool isFatal, struct CNonNullArgData *pData);
static void HandleNonnullReturn(bool isFatal, struct CNonNullReturnData *pData, struct CSourceLocation *pLocationPointer);
static void HandlePointerOverflow(bool isFatal, struct CPointerOverflowData *pData, unsigned long ulBase, unsigned long ulResult);

static void
HandleOverflow(bool isFatal, struct COverflowData *pData, unsigned long ulLHS, unsigned long ulRHS, const char *szOperation)
{
	char szLocation[LOCATION_MAXLEN];
	char szLHS[NUMBER_MAXLEN];
	char szRHS[NUMBER_MAXLEN];

	ASSERT(pData);

	if (isAlreadyReported(&pData->mLocation))
		return;

	DeserializeLocation(szLocation, LOCATION_MAXLEN, &pData->mLocation);
	DeserializeNumber(szLocation, szLHS, NUMBER_MAXLEN, pData->mType, ulLHS);
	DeserializeNumber(szLocation, szRHS, NUMBER_MAXLEN, pData->mType, ulRHS);

	Report(isFatal, "UBSan: Undefined Behavior in %s, %s integer overflow: %s %s %s cannot be represented in type %s\n",
	       szLocation, ISSET(pData->mType->mTypeInfo, NUMBER_SIGNED_BIT) ? "signed" : "unsigned", szLHS, szOperation, szRHS, pData->mType->mTypeName);
}

static void
HandleNegateOverflow(bool isFatal, struct COverflowData *pData, unsigned long ulOldValue)
{
	char szLocation[LOCATION_MAXLEN];
	char szOldValue[NUMBER_MAXLEN];

	ASSERT(pData);

	if (isAlreadyReported(&pData->mLocation))
		return;

	DeserializeLocation(szLocation, LOCATION_MAXLEN, &pData->mLocation);
	DeserializeNumber(szLocation, szOldValue, NUMBER_MAXLEN, pData->mType, ulOldValue);

	Report(isFatal, "UBSan: Undefined Behavior in %s, negation of %s cannot be represented in type %s\n",
	       szLocation, szOldValue, pData->mType->mTypeName);
}

static void
HandleBuiltinUnreachable(bool isFatal, struct CUnreachableData *pData)
{
	char szLocation[LOCATION_MAXLEN];

	ASSERT(pData);

	if (isAlreadyReported(&pData->mLocation))
		return;

	DeserializeLocation(szLocation, LOCATION_MAXLEN, &pData->mLocation);

	Report(isFatal, "UBSan: Undefined Behavior in %s, calling __builtin_unreachable()\n",
	       szLocation);
}

static void
HandleTypeMismatch(bool isFatal, struct CSourceLocation *mLocation, struct CTypeDescriptor *mType, unsigned long mLogAlignment, uint8_t mTypeCheckKind, unsigned long ulPointer)
{
	char szLocation[LOCATION_MAXLEN];

	ASSERT(mLocation);
	ASSERT(mType);

	if (isAlreadyReported(mLocation))
		return;

	DeserializeLocation(szLocation, LOCATION_MAXLEN, mLocation);

	if (ulPointer == 0) {
		Report(isFatal, "UBSan: Undefined Behavior in %s, %s null pointer of type %s\n",
		       szLocation, DeserializeTypeCheckKind(mTypeCheckKind), mType->mTypeName);
	} else if ((mLogAlignment - 1) & ulPointer) {
		Report(isFatal, "UBSan: Undefined Behavior in %s, %s misaligned address %p for type %s which requires %ld byte alignment\n",
		       szLocation, DeserializeTypeCheckKind(mTypeCheckKind), REINTERPRET_CAST(void *, ulPointer), mType->mTypeName, mLogAlignment);
	} else {
		Report(isFatal, "UBSan: Undefined Behavior in %s, %s address %p with insufficient space for an object of type %s\n",
		       szLocation, DeserializeTypeCheckKind(mTypeCheckKind), REINTERPRET_CAST(void *, ulPointer), mType->mTypeName);
	}
}

static void
HandleVlaBoundNotPositive(bool isFatal, struct CVLABoundData *pData, unsigned long ulBound)
{
	char szLocation[LOCATION_MAXLEN];
	char szBound[NUMBER_MAXLEN];

	ASSERT(pData);

	if (isAlreadyReported(&pData->mLocation))
		return;

	DeserializeLocation(szLocation, LOCATION_MAXLEN, &pData->mLocation);
	DeserializeNumber(szLocation, szBound, NUMBER_MAXLEN, pData->mType, ulBound);

	Report(isFatal, "UBSan: Undefined Behavior in %s, variable length array bound value %s <= 0\n",
	       szLocation, szBound);
}

static void
HandleOutOfBounds(bool isFatal, struct COutOfBoundsData *pData, unsigned long ulIndex)
{
	char szLocation[LOCATION_MAXLEN];
	char szIndex[NUMBER_MAXLEN];

	ASSERT(pData);

	if (isAlreadyReported(&pData->mLocation))
		return;

	DeserializeLocation(szLocation, LOCATION_MAXLEN, &pData->mLocation);
	DeserializeNumber(szLocation, szIndex, NUMBER_MAXLEN, pData->mIndexType, ulIndex);

	Report(isFatal, "UBSan: Undefined Behavior in %s, index %s is out of range for type %s\n",
	       szLocation, szIndex, pData->mArrayType->mTypeName);
}

static void
HandleShiftOutOfBounds(bool isFatal, struct CShiftOutOfBoundsData *pData, unsigned long ulLHS, unsigned long ulRHS)
{
	char szLocation[LOCATION_MAXLEN];
	char szLHS[NUMBER_MAXLEN];
	char szRHS[NUMBER_MAXLEN];

	ASSERT(pData);

	if (isAlreadyReported(&pData->mLocation))
		return;

	DeserializeLocation(szLocation, LOCATION_MAXLEN, &pData->mLocation);
	DeserializeNumber(szLocation, szLHS, NUMBER_MAXLEN, pData->mLHSType, ulLHS);
	DeserializeNumber(szLocation, szRHS, NUMBER_MAXLEN, pData->mRHSType, ulRHS);

	if (isNegativeNumber(szLocation, pData->mRHSType, ulRHS))
		Report(isFatal, "UBSan: Undefined Behavior in %s, shift exponent %s is negative\n",
		       szLocation, szRHS);
	else if (isShiftExponentTooLarge(szLocation, pData->mRHSType, ulRHS, zDeserializeTypeWidth(pData->mLHSType)))
		Report(isFatal, "UBSan: Undefined Behavior in %s, shift exponent %s is too large for %zu-bit type %s\n",
		       szLocation, szRHS, zDeserializeTypeWidth(pData->mLHSType), pData->mLHSType->mTypeName);
	else if (isNegativeNumber(szLocation, pData->mLHSType, ulLHS))
		Report(isFatal, "UBSan: Undefined Behavior in %s, left shift of negative value %s\n",
		       szLocation, szLHS);
	else
		Report(isFatal, "UBSan: Undefined Behavior in %s, left shift of %s by %s places cannot be represented in type %s\n",
		       szLocation, szLHS, szRHS, pData->mLHSType->mTypeName);
}

static void
HandleLoadInvalidValue(bool isFatal, struct CInvalidValueData *pData, unsigned long ulValue)
{
	char szLocation[LOCATION_MAXLEN];
	char szValue[NUMBER_MAXLEN];

	ASSERT(pData);

	if (isAlreadyReported(&pData->mLocation))
		return;

	DeserializeLocation(szLocation, LOCATION_MAXLEN, &pData->mLocation);
	DeserializeNumber(szLocation, szValue, NUMBER_MAXLEN, pData->mType, ulValue);

	Report(isFatal, "UBSan: Undefined Behavior in %s, load of value %s is not a valid value for type %s\n",
	       szLocation, szValue, pData->mType->mTypeName);
}

static void
HandleInvalidBuiltin(bool isFatal, struct CInvalidBuiltinData *pData)
{
	char szLocation[LOCATION_MAXLEN];

	ASSERT(pData);

	if (isAlreadyReported(&pData->mLocation))
		return;

	DeserializeLocation(szLocation, LOCATION_MAXLEN, &pData->mLocation);

	Report(isFatal, "UBSan: Undefined Behavior in %s, passing zero to %s, which is not a valid argument\n",
	       szLocation, DeserializeBuiltinCheckKind(pData->mKind));
}

static void
HandleFunctionTypeMismatch(bool isFatal, struct CFunctionTypeMismatchData *pData, unsigned long ulFunction)
{
	char szLocation[LOCATION_MAXLEN];

	/*
	 * There is no a portable C solution to translate an address of a
	 * function to its name. On the cost of getting this routine simple
	 * and portable without ifdefs between the userland and the kernel
	 * just print the address of the function as-is.
	 *
	 * For better diagnostic messages in the userland, users shall use
	 * the full upstream version shipped along with the compiler toolchain.
	 */

	ASSERT(pData);

	if (isAlreadyReported(&pData->mLocation))
		return;

	DeserializeLocation(szLocation, LOCATION_MAXLEN, &pData->mLocation);

	Report(isFatal, "UBSan: Undefined Behavior in %s, call to function %#lx through pointer to incorrect function type %s\n",
	      szLocation, ulFunction, pData->mType->mTypeName);
}

static void
HandleCFIBadType(bool isFatal, struct CCFICheckFailData *pData, unsigned long ulVtable, bool *bValidVtable, bool *FromUnrecoverableHandler, unsigned long *ProgramCounter, unsigned long *FramePointer)
{
	char szLocation[LOCATION_MAXLEN];

	/*
	 * This is a minimal implementation without diving into C++
	 * specifics and (Itanium) ABI deserialization.
	 */

	ASSERT(pData);

	if (isAlreadyReported(&pData->mLocation))
		return;

	DeserializeLocation(szLocation, LOCATION_MAXLEN, &pData->mLocation);

	if (pData->mCheckKind == CFI_ICALL || pData->mCheckKind == CFI_VMFCALL) {
		Report(isFatal, "UBSan: Undefined Behavior in %s, control flow integrity check for type %s failed during %s (vtable address %#lx)\n",
		      szLocation, pData->mType->mTypeName, DeserializeCFICheckKind(pData->mCheckKind), ulVtable);
	} else {
		Report(isFatal || FromUnrecoverableHandler, "UBSan: Undefined Behavior in %s, control flow integrity check for type %s failed during %s (vtable address %#lx; %s vtable; from %s handler; Program Counter %#lx; Frame Pointer %#lx)\n",
		      szLocation, pData->mType->mTypeName, DeserializeCFICheckKind(pData->mCheckKind), ulVtable, *bValidVtable ? "valid" : "invalid", *FromUnrecoverableHandler ? "unrecoverable" : "recoverable", *ProgramCounter, *FramePointer);
	}
}

static void
HandleDynamicTypeCacheMiss(bool isFatal, struct CDynamicTypeCacheMissData *pData, unsigned long ulPointer, unsigned long ulHash)
{
#if 0
	char szLocation[LOCATION_MAXLEN];

	/*
	 * Unimplemented.
	 *
	 * This UBSan handler is special as the check has to be impelemented
	 * in an implementation. In order to handle it there is need to
	 * introspect into C++ ABI internals (RTTI) and use low-level
	 * C++ runtime interfaces.
	 */

	ASSERT(pData);

	if (isAlreadyReported(&pData->mLocation))
		return;

	DeserializeLocation(szLocation, LOCATION_MAXLEN, &pData->mLocation);

	Report(isFatal, "UBSan: Undefined Behavior in %s, %s address %#lx which might not point to an object of type %s\n"
	      szLocation, DeserializeTypeCheckKind(pData->mTypeCheckKind), ulPointer, pData->mType);
#endif
}

static void
HandleFloatCastOverflow(bool isFatal, struct CFloatCastOverflowData *pData, unsigned long ulFrom)
{
	char szLocation[LOCATION_MAXLEN];
	char szFrom[NUMBER_MAXLEN];

	ASSERT(pData);

	if (isAlreadyReported(&pData->mLocation))
		return;

	DeserializeLocation(szLocation, LOCATION_MAXLEN, &pData->mLocation);
	DeserializeNumber(szLocation, szFrom, NUMBER_MAXLEN, pData->mFromType, ulFrom);

	Report(isFatal, "UBSan: Undefined Behavior in %s, %s (of type %s) is outside the range of representable values of type %s\n",
	       szLocation, szFrom, pData->mFromType->mTypeName, pData->mToType->mTypeName);
}

static void
HandleMissingReturn(bool isFatal, struct CUnreachableData *pData)
{
	char szLocation[LOCATION_MAXLEN];

	ASSERT(pData);

	if (isAlreadyReported(&pData->mLocation))
		return;

	DeserializeLocation(szLocation, LOCATION_MAXLEN, &pData->mLocation);

	Report(isFatal, "UBSan: Undefined Behavior in %s, execution reached the end of a value-returning function without returning a value\n",
	       szLocation);
}

static void
HandleNonnullArg(bool isFatal, struct CNonNullArgData *pData)
{
	char szLocation[LOCATION_MAXLEN];
	char szAttributeLocation[LOCATION_MAXLEN];

	ASSERT(pData);

	if (isAlreadyReported(&pData->mLocation))
		return;

	DeserializeLocation(szLocation, LOCATION_MAXLEN, &pData->mLocation);
	if (pData->mAttributeLocation.mFilename)
		DeserializeLocation(szAttributeLocation, LOCATION_MAXLEN, &pData->mAttributeLocation);
	else
		szAttributeLocation[0] = '\0';

	Report(isFatal, "UBSan: Undefined Behavior in %s, null pointer passed as argument %d, which is declared to never be null%s%s\n",
	       szLocation, pData->mArgIndex, pData->mAttributeLocation.mFilename ? ", nonnull/_Nonnull specified in " : "", szAttributeLocation);
}

static void
HandleNonnullReturn(bool isFatal, struct CNonNullReturnData *pData, struct CSourceLocation *pLocationPointer)
{
	char szLocation[LOCATION_MAXLEN];
	char szAttributeLocation[LOCATION_MAXLEN];

	ASSERT(pData);
	ASSERT(pLocationPointer);

	if (isAlreadyReported(pLocationPointer))
		return;

	DeserializeLocation(szLocation, LOCATION_MAXLEN, pLocationPointer);
	if (pData->mAttributeLocation.mFilename)
		DeserializeLocation(szAttributeLocation, LOCATION_MAXLEN, &pData->mAttributeLocation);
	else
		szAttributeLocation[0] = '\0';

	Report(isFatal, "UBSan: Undefined Behavior in %s, null pointer returned from function declared to never return null%s%s\n",
	       szLocation, pData->mAttributeLocation.mFilename ? ", nonnull/_Nonnull specified in " : "", szAttributeLocation);
}

static void
HandlePointerOverflow(bool isFatal, struct CPointerOverflowData *pData, unsigned long ulBase, unsigned long ulResult)
{
	char szLocation[LOCATION_MAXLEN];

	ASSERT(pData);

	if (isAlreadyReported(&pData->mLocation))
		return;

	DeserializeLocation(szLocation, LOCATION_MAXLEN, &pData->mLocation);

	Report(isFatal, "UBSan: Undefined Behavior in %s, pointer expression with base %#lx overflowed to %#lx\n",
	       szLocation, ulBase, ulResult);
}

/* Definions of public symbols emitted by the instrumentation code */
void
__ubsan_handle_add_overflow(struct COverflowData *pData, unsigned long ulLHS, unsigned long ulRHS)
{

	ASSERT(pData);

	HandleOverflow(false, pData, ulLHS, ulRHS, PLUS_STRING);
}

void
__ubsan_handle_add_overflow_abort(struct COverflowData *pData, unsigned long ulLHS, unsigned long ulRHS)
{

	ASSERT(pData);

	HandleOverflow(true, pData, ulLHS, ulRHS, PLUS_STRING);
}

void
__ubsan_handle_builtin_unreachable(struct CUnreachableData *pData)
{

	ASSERT(pData);

	HandleBuiltinUnreachable(true, pData);
}

void
__ubsan_handle_cfi_bad_type(struct CCFICheckFailData *pData, unsigned long ulVtable, bool bValidVtable, bool FromUnrecoverableHandler, unsigned long ProgramCounter, unsigned long FramePointer)
{

	ASSERT(pData);

	HandleCFIBadType(false, pData, ulVtable, &bValidVtable, &FromUnrecoverableHandler, &ProgramCounter, &FramePointer);
}

void
__ubsan_handle_cfi_check_fail(struct CCFICheckFailData *pData, unsigned long ulValue, unsigned long ulValidVtable)
{

	ASSERT(pData);

	HandleCFIBadType(false, pData, ulValue, 0, 0, 0, 0);
}

void
__ubsan_handle_cfi_check_fail_abort(struct CCFICheckFailData *pData, unsigned long ulValue, unsigned long ulValidVtable)
{

	ASSERT(pData);

	HandleCFIBadType(true, pData, ulValue, 0, 0, 0, 0);
}

void
__ubsan_handle_divrem_overflow(struct COverflowData *pData, unsigned long ulLHS, unsigned long ulRHS)
{

	ASSERT(pData);

	HandleOverflow(false, pData, ulLHS, ulRHS, DIVREM_STRING);
}

void
__ubsan_handle_divrem_overflow_abort(struct COverflowData *pData, unsigned long ulLHS, unsigned long ulRHS)
{

	ASSERT(pData);

	HandleOverflow(true, pData, ulLHS, ulRHS, DIVREM_STRING);
}

void
__ubsan_handle_dynamic_type_cache_miss(struct CDynamicTypeCacheMissData *pData, unsigned long ulPointer, unsigned long ulHash)
{

	ASSERT(pData);

	HandleDynamicTypeCacheMiss(false, pData, ulPointer, ulHash);
}

void
__ubsan_handle_dynamic_type_cache_miss_abort(struct CDynamicTypeCacheMissData *pData, unsigned long ulPointer, unsigned long ulHash)
{

	ASSERT(pData);

	HandleDynamicTypeCacheMiss(false, pData, ulPointer, ulHash);
}

void
__ubsan_handle_float_cast_overflow(struct CFloatCastOverflowData *pData, unsigned long ulFrom)
{

	ASSERT(pData);

	HandleFloatCastOverflow(false, pData, ulFrom);
}

void
__ubsan_handle_float_cast_overflow_abort(struct CFloatCastOverflowData *pData, unsigned long ulFrom)
{

	ASSERT(pData);

	HandleFloatCastOverflow(true, pData, ulFrom);
}

void
__ubsan_handle_function_type_mismatch(struct CFunctionTypeMismatchData *pData, unsigned long ulFunction)
{

	ASSERT(pData);

	HandleFunctionTypeMismatch(false, pData, ulFunction);
}

void
__ubsan_handle_function_type_mismatch_abort(struct CFunctionTypeMismatchData *pData, unsigned long ulFunction)
{

	ASSERT(pData);

	HandleFunctionTypeMismatch(false, pData, ulFunction);
}

void
__ubsan_handle_invalid_builtin(struct CInvalidBuiltinData *pData)
{

	ASSERT(pData);

	HandleInvalidBuiltin(true, pData);
}

void
__ubsan_handle_invalid_builtin_abort(struct CInvalidBuiltinData *pData)
{

	ASSERT(pData);

	HandleInvalidBuiltin(true, pData);
}

void
__ubsan_handle_load_invalid_value(struct CInvalidValueData *pData, unsigned long ulValue)
{

	ASSERT(pData);

	HandleLoadInvalidValue(false, pData, ulValue);
}

void
__ubsan_handle_load_invalid_value_abort(struct CInvalidValueData *pData, unsigned long ulValue)
{

	ASSERT(pData);

	HandleLoadInvalidValue(true, pData, ulValue);
}

void
__ubsan_handle_missing_return(struct CUnreachableData *pData)
{

	ASSERT(pData);

	HandleMissingReturn(true, pData);
}

void
__ubsan_handle_mul_overflow(struct COverflowData *pData, unsigned long ulLHS, unsigned long ulRHS)
{

	ASSERT(pData);

	HandleOverflow(false, pData, ulLHS, ulRHS, MUL_STRING);
}

void
__ubsan_handle_mul_overflow_abort(struct COverflowData *pData, unsigned long ulLHS, unsigned long ulRHS)
{

	ASSERT(pData);

	HandleOverflow(true, pData, ulLHS, ulRHS, MUL_STRING);
}

void
__ubsan_handle_negate_overflow(struct COverflowData *pData, unsigned long ulOldValue)
{

	ASSERT(pData);

	HandleNegateOverflow(false, pData, ulOldValue);
}

void
__ubsan_handle_negate_overflow_abort(struct COverflowData *pData, unsigned long ulOldValue)
{

	ASSERT(pData);

	HandleNegateOverflow(true, pData, ulOldValue);
}

void
__ubsan_handle_nonnull_arg(struct CNonNullArgData *pData)
{

	ASSERT(pData);

	HandleNonnullArg(false, pData);
}

void
__ubsan_handle_nonnull_arg_abort(struct CNonNullArgData *pData)
{

	ASSERT(pData);

	HandleNonnullArg(true, pData);
}

void
__ubsan_handle_nonnull_return_v1(struct CNonNullReturnData *pData, struct CSourceLocation *pLocationPointer)
{

	ASSERT(pData);
	ASSERT(pLocationPointer);

	HandleNonnullReturn(false, pData, pLocationPointer);
}

void
__ubsan_handle_nonnull_return_v1_abort(struct CNonNullReturnData *pData, struct CSourceLocation *pLocationPointer)
{

	ASSERT(pData);
	ASSERT(pLocationPointer);

	HandleNonnullReturn(true, pData, pLocationPointer);
}

void
__ubsan_handle_nullability_arg(struct CNonNullArgData *pData)
{

	ASSERT(pData);

	HandleNonnullArg(false, pData);
}

void
__ubsan_handle_nullability_arg_abort(struct CNonNullArgData *pData)
{

	ASSERT(pData);

	HandleNonnullArg(true, pData);
}

void
__ubsan_handle_nullability_return_v1(struct CNonNullReturnData *pData, struct CSourceLocation *pLocationPointer)
{

	ASSERT(pData);
	ASSERT(pLocationPointer);

	HandleNonnullReturn(false, pData, pLocationPointer);
}

void
__ubsan_handle_nullability_return_v1_abort(struct CNonNullReturnData *pData, struct CSourceLocation *pLocationPointer)
{

	ASSERT(pData);
	ASSERT(pLocationPointer);

	HandleNonnullReturn(true, pData, pLocationPointer);
}

void
__ubsan_handle_out_of_bounds(struct COutOfBoundsData *pData, unsigned long ulIndex)
{

	ASSERT(pData);

	HandleOutOfBounds(false, pData, ulIndex);
}

void
__ubsan_handle_out_of_bounds_abort(struct COutOfBoundsData *pData, unsigned long ulIndex)
{

	ASSERT(pData);

	HandleOutOfBounds(true, pData, ulIndex);
}

void
__ubsan_handle_pointer_overflow(struct CPointerOverflowData *pData, unsigned long ulBase, unsigned long ulResult)
{

	ASSERT(pData);

	HandlePointerOverflow(false, pData, ulBase, ulResult);
}

void
__ubsan_handle_pointer_overflow_abort(struct CPointerOverflowData *pData, unsigned long ulBase, unsigned long ulResult)
{

	ASSERT(pData);

	HandlePointerOverflow(true, pData, ulBase, ulResult);
}

void
__ubsan_handle_shift_out_of_bounds(struct CShiftOutOfBoundsData *pData, unsigned long ulLHS, unsigned long ulRHS)
{

	ASSERT(pData);

	HandleShiftOutOfBounds(false, pData, ulLHS, ulRHS);
}

void
__ubsan_handle_shift_out_of_bounds_abort(struct CShiftOutOfBoundsData *pData, unsigned long ulLHS, unsigned long ulRHS)
{

	ASSERT(pData);

	HandleShiftOutOfBounds(true, pData, ulLHS, ulRHS);
}

void
__ubsan_handle_sub_overflow(struct COverflowData *pData, unsigned long ulLHS, unsigned long ulRHS)
{

	ASSERT(pData);

	HandleOverflow(false, pData, ulLHS, ulRHS, MINUS_STRING);
}

void
__ubsan_handle_sub_overflow_abort(struct COverflowData *pData, unsigned long ulLHS, unsigned long ulRHS)
{

	ASSERT(pData);

	HandleOverflow(true, pData, ulLHS, ulRHS, MINUS_STRING);
}

void
__ubsan_handle_type_mismatch(struct CTypeMismatchData *pData, unsigned long ulPointer)
{

	ASSERT(pData);

	HandleTypeMismatch(false, &pData->mLocation, pData->mType, pData->mLogAlignment, pData->mTypeCheckKind, ulPointer);
}

void
__ubsan_handle_type_mismatch_abort(struct CTypeMismatchData *pData, unsigned long ulPointer)
{

	ASSERT(pData);

	HandleTypeMismatch(true, &pData->mLocation, pData->mType, pData->mLogAlignment, pData->mTypeCheckKind, ulPointer);
}

void
__ubsan_handle_type_mismatch_v1(struct CTypeMismatchData_v1 *pData, unsigned long ulPointer)
{

	ASSERT(pData);

	HandleTypeMismatch(false, &pData->mLocation, pData->mType, __BIT(pData->mLogAlignment), pData->mTypeCheckKind, ulPointer);
}

void
__ubsan_handle_type_mismatch_v1_abort(struct CTypeMismatchData_v1 *pData, unsigned long ulPointer)
{

	ASSERT(pData);

	HandleTypeMismatch(true, &pData->mLocation, pData->mType, __BIT(pData->mLogAlignment), pData->mTypeCheckKind, ulPointer);
}

void
__ubsan_handle_vla_bound_not_positive(struct CVLABoundData *pData, unsigned long ulBound)
{

	ASSERT(pData);

	HandleVlaBoundNotPositive(false, pData, ulBound);
}

void
__ubsan_handle_vla_bound_not_positive_abort(struct CVLABoundData *pData, unsigned long ulBound)
{

	ASSERT(pData);

	HandleVlaBoundNotPositive(true, pData, ulBound);
}

void
__ubsan_get_current_report_data(const char **ppOutIssueKind, const char **ppOutMessage, const char **ppOutFilename, uint32_t *pOutLine, uint32_t *pOutCol, char **ppOutMemoryAddr)
{
	/*
	 * Unimplemented.
	 *
	 * The __ubsan_on_report() feature is non trivial to implement in a
	 * shared code between the kernel and userland. It's also opening
	 * new sets of potential problems as we are not expected to slow down
	 * execution of certain kernel subsystems (synchronization issues,
	 * interrupt handling etc).
	 *
	 * A proper solution would need probably a lock-free bounded queue built
	 * with atomic operations with the property of miltiple consumers and
	 * multiple producers. Maintaining and validating such code is not
	 * worth the effort.
	 *
	 * A legitimate user - besides testing framework - is a debugger plugin
	 * intercepting reports from the UBSan instrumentation. For such
	 * scenarios it is better to run the Clang/GCC version.
	 */
}

/* Local utility functions */

static void
Report(bool isFatal, const char *pFormat, ...)
{
	va_list ap;

	ASSERT(pFormat);

	va_start(ap, pFormat);
#if defined(_KERNEL)
	if (isFatal || alwaysFatal)
		vpanic(pFormat, ap);
	else
		vprintf(pFormat, ap);
#else
	if (ubsan_flags == -1) {
		char buf[1024];
		char *p;

		ubsan_flags = UBSAN_STDERR;

		if (getenv_r("LIBC_UBSAN", buf, sizeof(buf)) != -1) {
			for (p = buf; *p; p++) {
				switch (*p) {
				case 'a':
					SET(ubsan_flags, UBSAN_ABORT);
					break;
				case 'A':
					CLR(ubsan_flags, UBSAN_ABORT);
					break;
				case 'e':
					SET(ubsan_flags, UBSAN_STDERR);
					break;
				case 'E':
					CLR(ubsan_flags, UBSAN_STDERR);
					break;
				case 'l':
					SET(ubsan_flags, UBSAN_SYSLOG);
					break;
				case 'L':
					CLR(ubsan_flags, UBSAN_SYSLOG);
					break;
				case 'o':
					SET(ubsan_flags, UBSAN_STDOUT);
					break;
				case 'O':
					CLR(ubsan_flags, UBSAN_STDOUT);
					break;
				default:
					break;
				}
			}
		}
	}

	// The *v*print* functions can flush the va_list argument.
	// Create a local copy for each call to prevent invalid read.
	if (ISSET(ubsan_flags, UBSAN_STDOUT)) {
		va_list tmp;
		va_copy(tmp, ap);
		vprintf(pFormat, tmp);
		va_end(tmp);
		fflush(stdout);
	}
	if (ISSET(ubsan_flags, UBSAN_STDERR)) {
		va_list tmp;
		va_copy(tmp, ap);
		vfprintf(stderr, pFormat, tmp);
		va_end(tmp);
		fflush(stderr);
	}
	if (ISSET(ubsan_flags, UBSAN_SYSLOG)) {
		va_list tmp;
		va_copy(tmp, ap);
		struct syslog_data SyslogData = SYSLOG_DATA_INIT;
		ubsan_vsyslog(LOG_DEBUG | LOG_USER, &SyslogData, pFormat, tmp);
		va_end(tmp);
	}
	if (isFatal || alwaysFatal || ISSET(ubsan_flags, UBSAN_ABORT)) {
		abort();
		__unreachable();
		/* NOTREACHED */
	}
#endif
	va_end(ap);
}

static bool
isAlreadyReported(struct CSourceLocation *pLocation)
{
	/*
	 * This code is shared between libc, kernel and standalone usage.
	 * It shall work in early bootstrap phase of both of them.
	 */

	uint32_t siOldValue;
	volatile uint32_t *pLine;

	ASSERT(pLocation);

	pLine = &pLocation->mLine;

	do {
		siOldValue = *pLine;
	} while (__sync_val_compare_and_swap(pLine, siOldValue, siOldValue | ACK_REPORTED) != siOldValue);

	return ISSET(siOldValue, ACK_REPORTED);
}

static size_t
zDeserializeTypeWidth(struct CTypeDescriptor *pType)
{
	size_t zWidth = 0;

	ASSERT(pType);

	switch (pType->mTypeKind) {
	case KIND_INTEGER:
		zWidth = __BIT(__SHIFTOUT(pType->mTypeInfo, ~NUMBER_SIGNED_BIT));
		break;
	case KIND_FLOAT:
		zWidth = pType->mTypeInfo;
		break;
	default:
		Report(true, "UBSan: Unknown variable type %#04" PRIx16 "\n", pType->mTypeKind);
		__unreachable();
		/* NOTREACHED */
	}

	/* Invalid width will be transformed to 0 */
	ASSERT(zWidth > 0);

	return zWidth;
}

static void
DeserializeLocation(char *pBuffer, size_t zBUfferLength, struct CSourceLocation *pLocation)
{

	ASSERT(pLocation);
	ASSERT(pLocation->mFilename);

	snprintf(pBuffer, zBUfferLength, "%s:%" PRIu32 ":%" PRIu32, pLocation->mFilename, pLocation->mLine & (uint32_t)~ACK_REPORTED, pLocation->mColumn);
}

#ifdef __SIZEOF_INT128__
static void
DeserializeUINT128(char *pBuffer, size_t zBUfferLength, struct CTypeDescriptor *pType, __uint128_t U128)
{
	char szBuf[3]; /* 'XX\0' */
	char rgNumber[sizeof(ulongest)];
	ssize_t zI;

	memcpy(rgNumber, &U128, sizeof(U128));

	strlcpy(pBuffer, "Undecoded-128-bit-Integer-Type (0x", zBUfferLength);
#if BYTE_ORDER == LITTLE_ENDIAN
	for (zI = sizeof(ulongest) - 1; zI >= 0; zI--) {
#else
	for (zI = 0; zI < (ssize_t)sizeof(ulongest); zI++) {
#endif
		snprintf(szBuf, sizeof(szBuf), "%02" PRIx8, rgNumber[zI]);
		strlcat(pBuffer, szBuf, zBUfferLength);
	}
	strlcat(pBuffer, ")", zBUfferLength);
}
#endif

static void
DeserializeNumberSigned(char *pBuffer, size_t zBUfferLength, struct CTypeDescriptor *pType, longest L)
{

	ASSERT(pBuffer);
	ASSERT(zBUfferLength > 0);
	ASSERT(pType);
	ASSERT(ISSET(pType->mTypeInfo, NUMBER_SIGNED_BIT));

	switch (zDeserializeTypeWidth(pType)) {
	default:
		ASSERT(0 && "Invalid codepath");
		__unreachable();
		/* NOTREACHED */
#ifdef __SIZEOF_INT128__
	case WIDTH_128:
		DeserializeUINT128(pBuffer, zBUfferLength, pType, STATIC_CAST(__uint128_t, L));
		break;
#endif
	case WIDTH_64:
		/* FALLTHROUGH */
	case WIDTH_32:
		/* FALLTHROUGH */
	case WIDTH_16:
		/* FALLTHROUGH */
	case WIDTH_8:
		snprintf(pBuffer, zBUfferLength, "%" PRId64, STATIC_CAST(int64_t, L));
		break;
	}
}

static void
DeserializeNumberUnsigned(char *pBuffer, size_t zBUfferLength, struct CTypeDescriptor *pType, ulongest L)
{

	ASSERT(pBuffer);
	ASSERT(zBUfferLength > 0);
	ASSERT(pType);
	ASSERT(!ISSET(pType->mTypeInfo, NUMBER_SIGNED_BIT));

	switch (zDeserializeTypeWidth(pType)) {
	default:
		ASSERT(0 && "Invalid codepath");
		__unreachable();
		/* NOTREACHED */
#ifdef __SIZEOF_INT128__
	case WIDTH_128:
		DeserializeUINT128(pBuffer, zBUfferLength, pType, STATIC_CAST(__uint128_t, L));
		break;
#endif
	case WIDTH_64:
		/* FALLTHROUGH */
	case WIDTH_32:
		/* FALLTHROUGH */
	case WIDTH_16:
		/* FALLTHROUGH */
	case WIDTH_8:
		snprintf(pBuffer, zBUfferLength, "%" PRIu64, STATIC_CAST(uint64_t, L));
		break;
	}
}

#ifndef _KERNEL
static void
DeserializeFloatOverPointer(char *pBuffer, size_t zBUfferLength, struct CTypeDescriptor *pType, unsigned long *pNumber)
{
	double D;
#ifdef __HAVE_LONG_DOUBLE
	long double LD;
#endif

	ASSERT(pBuffer);
	ASSERT(zBUfferLength > 0);
	ASSERT(pType);
	ASSERT(pNumber);
	/*
	 * This function handles 64-bit number over a pointer on 32-bit CPUs.
	 */
	ASSERT((sizeof(*pNumber) * CHAR_BIT < WIDTH_64) || (zDeserializeTypeWidth(pType) >= WIDTH_64));
	ASSERT(sizeof(D) == sizeof(uint64_t));
#ifdef __HAVE_LONG_DOUBLE
	ASSERT(sizeof(LD) > sizeof(uint64_t));
#endif

	switch (zDeserializeTypeWidth(pType)) {
#ifdef __HAVE_LONG_DOUBLE
	case WIDTH_128:
		/* FALLTHROUGH */
	case WIDTH_96:
		/* FALLTHROUGH */
	case WIDTH_80:
		memcpy(&LD, pNumber, sizeof(long double));
		snprintf(pBuffer, zBUfferLength, "%Lg", LD);
		break;
#endif
	case WIDTH_64:
		memcpy(&D, pNumber, sizeof(double));
		snprintf(pBuffer, zBUfferLength, "%g", D);
		break;
	}
}

static void
DeserializeFloatInlined(char *pBuffer, size_t zBUfferLength, struct CTypeDescriptor *pType, unsigned long ulNumber)
{
	float F;
	double D;
	uint32_t U32;

	ASSERT(pBuffer);
	ASSERT(zBUfferLength > 0);
	ASSERT(pType);
	ASSERT(sizeof(F) == sizeof(uint32_t));
	ASSERT(sizeof(D) == sizeof(uint64_t));

	switch (zDeserializeTypeWidth(pType)) {
	case WIDTH_64:
		ASSERT(sizeof(D) == sizeof(ulNumber));
		memcpy(&D, &ulNumber, sizeof(ulNumber));
		snprintf(pBuffer, zBUfferLength, "%g", D);
		break;
	case WIDTH_32:
		/*
		 * On supported platforms sizeof(float)==sizeof(uint32_t)
		 * unsigned long is either 32 or 64-bit, cast it to 32-bit
		 * value in order to call memcpy(3) in an Endian-aware way.
		 */
		U32 = STATIC_CAST(uint32_t, ulNumber);
		memcpy(&F, &U32, sizeof(float));
		snprintf(pBuffer, zBUfferLength, "%g", F);
		break;
	case WIDTH_16:
		snprintf(pBuffer, zBUfferLength, "Undecoded-16-bit-Floating-Type (%#04" PRIx16 ")", STATIC_CAST(uint16_t, ulNumber));
		break;
	}
}
#endif

static longest
llliGetNumber(char *szLocation, struct CTypeDescriptor *pType, unsigned long ulNumber)
{
	size_t zNumberWidth;
	longest L = 0;

	ASSERT(szLocation);
	ASSERT(pType);

	zNumberWidth = zDeserializeTypeWidth(pType);
	switch (zNumberWidth) {
	default:
		Report(true, "UBSan: Unexpected %zu-Bit Type in %s\n", zNumberWidth, szLocation);
		__unreachable();
		/* NOTREACHED */
	case WIDTH_128:
#ifdef __SIZEOF_INT128__
		memcpy(&L, REINTERPRET_CAST(longest *, ulNumber), sizeof(longest));
		break;
#else
		Report(true, "UBSan: Unexpected 128-Bit Type in %s\n", szLocation);
		__unreachable();
		/* NOTREACHED */
#endif
	case WIDTH_64:
		if (sizeof(ulNumber) * CHAR_BIT < WIDTH_64) {
			L = *REINTERPRET_CAST(int64_t *, ulNumber);
		} else {
			L = STATIC_CAST(int64_t, STATIC_CAST(uint64_t, ulNumber));
		}
		break;
	case WIDTH_32:
		L = STATIC_CAST(int32_t, STATIC_CAST(uint32_t, ulNumber));
		break;
	case WIDTH_16:
		L = STATIC_CAST(int16_t, STATIC_CAST(uint16_t, ulNumber));
		break;
	case WIDTH_8:
		L = STATIC_CAST(int8_t, STATIC_CAST(uint8_t, ulNumber));
		break;
	}

	return L;
}

static ulongest
llluGetNumber(char *szLocation, struct CTypeDescriptor *pType, unsigned long ulNumber)
{
	size_t zNumberWidth;
	ulongest UL = 0;

	ASSERT(pType);

	zNumberWidth = zDeserializeTypeWidth(pType);
	switch (zNumberWidth) {
	default:
		Report(true, "UBSan: Unexpected %zu-Bit Type in %s\n", zNumberWidth, szLocation);
		__unreachable();
		/* NOTREACHED */
	case WIDTH_128:
#ifdef __SIZEOF_INT128__
		memcpy(&UL, REINTERPRET_CAST(ulongest *, ulNumber), sizeof(ulongest));
		break;
#else
		Report(true, "UBSan: Unexpected 128-Bit Type in %s\n", szLocation);
		__unreachable();
		/* NOTREACHED */
#endif
	case WIDTH_64:
		if (sizeof(ulNumber) * CHAR_BIT < WIDTH_64) {
			UL = *REINTERPRET_CAST(uint64_t *, ulNumber);
			break;
		}
		/* FALLTHROUGH */
	case WIDTH_32:
		/* FALLTHROUGH */
	case WIDTH_16:
		/* FALLTHROUGH */
	case WIDTH_8:
		UL = ulNumber;
		break;
	}

	return UL;
}

#ifndef _KERNEL
static void
DeserializeNumberFloat(char *szLocation, char *pBuffer, size_t zBUfferLength, struct CTypeDescriptor *pType, unsigned long ulNumber)
{
	size_t zNumberWidth;

	ASSERT(szLocation);
	ASSERT(pBuffer);
	ASSERT(zBUfferLength > 0);
	ASSERT(pType);
	ASSERT(pType->mTypeKind == KIND_FLOAT);

	zNumberWidth = zDeserializeTypeWidth(pType);
	switch (zNumberWidth) {
	default:
		Report(true, "UBSan: Unexpected %zu-Bit Type in %s\n", zNumberWidth, szLocation);
		__unreachable();
		/* NOTREACHED */
#ifdef __HAVE_LONG_DOUBLE
	case WIDTH_128:
		/* FALLTHROUGH */
	case WIDTH_96:
		/* FALLTHROUGH */
	case WIDTH_80:
		DeserializeFloatOverPointer(pBuffer, zBUfferLength, pType, REINTERPRET_CAST(unsigned long *, ulNumber));
		break;
#endif
	case WIDTH_64:
		if (sizeof(ulNumber) * CHAR_BIT < WIDTH_64) {
			DeserializeFloatOverPointer(pBuffer, zBUfferLength, pType, REINTERPRET_CAST(unsigned long *, ulNumber));
			break;
		}
		/* FALLTHROUGH */
	case WIDTH_32:
		/* FALLTHROUGH */
	case WIDTH_16:
		DeserializeFloatInlined(pBuffer, zBUfferLength, pType, ulNumber);
		break;
	}
}
#endif

static void
DeserializeNumber(char *szLocation, char *pBuffer, size_t zBUfferLength, struct CTypeDescriptor *pType, unsigned long ulNumber)
{

	ASSERT(szLocation);
	ASSERT(pBuffer);
	ASSERT(zBUfferLength > 0);
	ASSERT(pType);

	switch(pType->mTypeKind) {
	case KIND_INTEGER:
		if (ISSET(pType->mTypeInfo, NUMBER_SIGNED_BIT)) {
			longest L = llliGetNumber(szLocation, pType, ulNumber);
			DeserializeNumberSigned(pBuffer, zBUfferLength, pType, L);
		} else {
			ulongest UL = llluGetNumber(szLocation, pType, ulNumber);
			DeserializeNumberUnsigned(pBuffer, zBUfferLength, pType, UL);
		}
		break;
	case KIND_FLOAT:
#ifdef _KERNEL
		Report(true, "UBSan: Unexpected Float Type in %s\n", szLocation);
		__unreachable();
		/* NOTREACHED */
#else
		DeserializeNumberFloat(szLocation, pBuffer, zBUfferLength, pType, ulNumber);
		break;
#endif
	case KIND_UNKNOWN:
		Report(true, "UBSan: Unknown Type in %s\n", szLocation);
		__unreachable();
		/* NOTREACHED */
	}
}

static const char *
DeserializeTypeCheckKind(uint8_t hhuTypeCheckKind)
{
	const char *rgczTypeCheckKinds[] = {
		"load of",
		"store to",
		"reference binding to",
		"member access within",
		"member call on",
		"constructor call on",
		"downcast of",
		"downcast of",
		"upcast of",
		"cast to virtual base of",
		"_Nonnull binding to",
		"dynamic operation on"
	};

	ASSERT(__arraycount(rgczTypeCheckKinds) > hhuTypeCheckKind);

	return rgczTypeCheckKinds[hhuTypeCheckKind];
}

static const char *
DeserializeBuiltinCheckKind(uint8_t hhuBuiltinCheckKind)
{
	const char *rgczBuiltinCheckKinds[] = {
		"ctz()",
		"clz()"
	};

	ASSERT(__arraycount(rgczBuiltinCheckKinds) > hhuBuiltinCheckKind);

	return rgczBuiltinCheckKinds[hhuBuiltinCheckKind];
}

static const char *
DeserializeCFICheckKind(uint8_t hhuCFICheckKind)
{
	const char *rgczCFICheckKinds[] = {
		"virtual call",					// CFI_VCALL
		"non-virtual call",				// CFI_NVCALL
		"base-to-derived cast",				// CFI_DERIVEDCAST
		"cast to unrelated type",			// CFI_UNRELATEDCAST
		"indirect function call",			// CFI_ICALL
		"non-virtual pointer to member function call",	// CFI_NVMFCALL
		"virtual pointer to member function call",	// CFI_VMFCALL
	};

	ASSERT(__arraycount(rgczCFICheckKinds) > hhuCFICheckKind);

	return rgczCFICheckKinds[hhuCFICheckKind];
}

static bool
isNegativeNumber(char *szLocation, struct CTypeDescriptor *pType, unsigned long ulNumber)
{

	ASSERT(szLocation);
	ASSERT(pType);
	ASSERT(pType->mTypeKind == KIND_INTEGER);

	if (!ISSET(pType->mTypeInfo, NUMBER_SIGNED_BIT))
		return false;

	return llliGetNumber(szLocation, pType, ulNumber) < 0;
}

static bool
isShiftExponentTooLarge(char *szLocation, struct CTypeDescriptor *pType, unsigned long ulNumber, size_t zWidth)
{

	ASSERT(szLocation);
	ASSERT(pType);
	ASSERT(pType->mTypeKind == KIND_INTEGER);

	return llluGetNumber(szLocation, pType, ulNumber) >= zWidth;
}