install revision 1.3
1 Installing NetBSD is a relatively complex process, but, if you have 2 this document in hand and are careful to read and remember the 3 information which is presented to you by the install program, it 4 shouldn't be too much trouble. 5 6 Before you begin, you must have already prepared your hard disk as 7 detailed in the section on preparing your system for install. 8 9 The following is a walk-through of the steps necessary to get NetBSD 10 installed on your hard disk. If you wish to stop the installation, 11 you may hit Control-C at any prompt, but if you do, you'll have to 12 begin again from scratch. 13 14 1. Booting the miniroot 15 ======================= 16 First you need to get yourself into NetBSD. This can be 17 done in a couple ways, both of which currently require 18 GEMDOS. 19 20 You can insert the GEMDOS kernel floppy and select 21 the loadbsd program. It will ask for parameters, 22 supply: '-b netbsd'. You can, of course, also run it 23 from the shell command-line in MiNT: 24 25 loadbsd -b a:/netbsd 26 27 You should see the screen clear and some information about 28 your system as the kernel configures the hardware. Then 29 you will be prompted for a root device. At this time remove 30 the GEMDOS kernel boot floppy from the drive if present and 31 insert the BSD install floppy 1. Now type `rd0' to tell the 32 kernel to load the install filesystem into RAMdisk. While 33 While the kernel is loading, it will show a '.' for each 34 track loaded. After loading 80 tracks, it will ask you 35 to insert the next floppy. At this time, inser the BSD 36 install floppy 2 and hit any key. The kernel continous 37 loading another 40 tracks before it continues to boot. 38 39 The system should continue to boot. For now ignore WARNING: 40 messages about bad dates in clocks. Eventually you will be 41 be asked to enter the pathname of the shell, just hit 42 return. After a short while, you will be asked to select 43 the type of your keyboard. After you have entered a valid 44 response here, the system asks you if you want to install 45 or upgrade your system. Since you are reading the 'install' 46 section, 'i' would be the proper response here... 47 48 2. Entering the installer 49 ========================= 50 The installer starts with a nice welcome messages. Read this 51 message carefully, it also informs you of the risks involved 52 in continueiNg! If you still want to go on, type 'y'. The 53 installer now continues by trying to figure out your disk 54 configuration. Ignore the error: 55 kern_fs_get_rrootdev: no raw root device 56 When it is done, you will be prompted to select a root device 57 from the list of disks it has found. 58 59 3. Select your root device 60 ========================== 61 You should know at this point that the disks are NOT numbered 62 according to their scsi-id! The NetBSD kernel numbers the scsi 63 drives (and other devices on the scsi bus) sequentially as it 64 finds them. The drive with the lowest scsi id will be called sd0, 65 the next one sd1, etc. 66 Where you end up after the selection of the root disk depends on 67 the contents of your disk. If it is already partitioned using 68 AHDI, start reading at item 4a, if this disk has no AHDI partitioning 69 but is blank or used by another non-AHDI system, start at item 4b. 70 71 YOU ARE NOW AT THE POINT OF NO RETURN! The programs in section 72 4 will modify your harddisk. Type Control-C NOW if you don't 73 want this. 74 75 4a. Setting AHDI partition id's on your root disk (using edahdi) 76 ================================================================ 77 Because NetBSD imposes a special ordering in disk partitions it 78 uses for root & swap. And because it wants to guard you against 79 an unwanted demolition of partitions used by other systems, you 80 have to tell it what partitions it is allowed to use. You have 81 to mark the partition you want to use as swap 'NBS' or 'SWP' 82 and the other partitions as 'NBD'. Note that all the changes 83 you make to the id's are reversable as long as you remember the 84 original value. 85 In the partition-id editor, the partitions are shown in the order 86 that AHDI created them. When you leave this editor and continue 87 at item 4b, your changes to the id's do have consequences to the 88 partition order! They will show up as follows: 89 a -- the first NBD partition 90 b -- the first NBS partition 91 d (and up) -- the rest of the partitions in AHDI order 92 93 4b. Labeling your root disk (using edlabel) 94 =========================================== 95 You are now allowed to change the partitioning of your disk. If 96 your disk is already partitioned with AHDI DON'T change anything 97 unless you are absolutely sure what you are doing! 98 If you are labeling an empty SCSI disk, you can make life easy for 99 yourself by selecting 'standarize geometry'. This allows you to 100 select a 'sectors per track' and 'tracks/cylinder' value and have 101 the (fictious) SCSI geometry changed accordingly. So if you select 102 64 sect/track and 32 tracks/cylinder, each cilinder is exactly 103 1Mb in size. Well, go ahead and don't forget to save your work 104 before quitting! 105 NOTE: to make sure that NetBSD can create/mount filesystems on 106 the partitions you defined, make sure the 'type' is entered 107 correctly: 108 4.2BSD - filesystems created by NetBSD 109 MSDOS - filesystems shared with GEM 110 111 Just ignore it, it's harmless. 112 113 5. Label additional disks 114 ========================= 115 Now that your root-disk is labeled, you are given the opportunity 116 to label any of the other disks in your system. The procedure is 117 the same as with your root disk. 118 119 6. Setup the fstab 120 ================== 121 Since all disks you want to use with NetBSD are properly labeled, 122 it is time to tell the installer which partition will be associated 123 with the different filesystems. As mentioned above, it is wise to 124 make at least a separate root and /usr filesystem. Depending on 125 what you are planning to do with your system, you might also consider 126 to make a separate /var, /local or /home. 127 When you tell the installer that all of your filesystems are specified 128 correctly, it starts creating them for you. 129 130 7. Configure your network 131 ========================= 132 Don't do this right now. As non of the network cards are supported, 133 it doesn't make any sense. 134 135 8. Edit the fstab - again.... 136 ============================= 137 Since the network configuration might have lead to additional (nfs) 138 filesystem entries, you get another chance to modify your fstab. 139 140 9. Installing the distribution sets 141 =================================== 142 Your are finally at the point where some real data will be put on 143 your freshly made filesystems. Select the device type you whish 144 to install from and off you go.... 145 Some notes: 146 - If you want to install from tape, please read the section 147 about how to create such a tape. 148 - If you want to install from a gemdos filesystem, you should 149 rename the distribution sets because of the nameing limitations 150 on gemdos. Move all 'xxx.tar.gz' sets to 'xxx.tgz'. The 151 installer will handle the rest. 152 - Install at least the base and etc sets. 153 - If you have to specify a path relative to the mount-point and 154 you need the mount-point itself, enter '.'. 155 156 10. Timezone selection and device-node building 157 =============================================== 158 The isn't much to say about this. Just select the timezone you 159 are in. The installer will make the correct setup on your root 160 filesystem. After the timezone-link is installed, the installer 161 will proceed by creating the device nodes on your root filesystem. 162 Be patient, this will take a while... 163 164 11. Installing the kernel 165 ========================= 166 Because the kernel didn't fit on the install-disks, the installer 167 asks you about the disk you're kernel is on. You can specify the 168 same disks as with the installation of the sets with the addition of 169 'fd0'. The latter can be used when you decide to install the kernel 170 from the kernel-floppy. 171 172 12. Installing the bootstrap 173 ============================ 174 Finally, the installer ask you if you want to install the bootblock 175 code on your root disk. This is a matter of personal choise and can 176 also be done from a running NetBSD system. See the 'installboot(8)' 177 manual page about how to do this. 178 179 13. You did it! 180 =============== 181 Congratulations, you just installed NetBSD successfully! If you 182 also installed a bootblock, you only have to reboot your atari to 183 enter your freshly build system. If you didn't, get back to section 184 1 (How to boot the miniroot). Just substitute 'rd0' by your NetBSD 185 root disk. 186 187 188 Some extra remarks: 189 =================== 190 191 If you don't want to use the bootloader. You could use the following 192 setup: 193 Reserve a small GEMDOS partition of about 4Mb. This is 194 enough to put in a few kernels. Put the netbsd kernel 195 into this partition. Also, edit your /etc/fstab to always 196 mount this partition, say as /kernels. Now make a symlink 197 from /netbsd to /kernels/netbsd. 198 This sceme is particulary handy when you want to make your 199 own kernel. When compilation is finished, you just copy 200 your kernel to /kernels/netbsd and reboot. It's wise to 201 make sure there is _always_ a 'known to work' kernel image 202 present. 203
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