install revision 1.4
1 Installing NetBSD is a relatively complex process, but, if you have 2 this document in hand and are careful to read and remember the 3 information which is presented to you by the install program, it 4 shouldn't be too much trouble. 5 6 Before you begin, you must have already prepared your hard disk as 7 detailed in the section on preparing your system for install. 8 9 The following is a walk-through of the steps necessary to get NetBSD 10 installed on your hard disk. If you wish to stop the installation, 11 you may hit Control-C at any prompt, but if you do, you'll have to 12 begin again from scratch. 13 14 1. Booting the miniroot 15 ======================= 16 First you need to get yourself into NetBSD. This can be 17 done in a couple ways, both of which currently require 18 GEMDOS. You need either the bootfloppy provided in the 19 distribution or you can copy the loadbsd.ttp program and 20 kernel to a boot floppy disk (1.4M needed) or put them on a TOS 21 partition. Select the loadbsd program and it will 22 ask for parameters, supply: '-b netbsd' (or whatever name 23 you copied the kernel to). You can, of course, also run it 24 from the shell command-line in MiNT: 25 26 loadbsd -b a:/netbsd 27 28 You should see the screen clear and some information about 29 your system as the kernel configures the hardware. Then 30 you will be prompted for a root device. At this time remove 31 the GEMDOS kernel boot floppy from the drive if present and 32 insert the BSD install floppy 1. Now type `md0a' to tell the 33 kernel to load the install filesystem into RAMdisk. While 34 While the kernel is loading, it will show a '.' for each 35 track loaded. After loading 80 tracks, it will ask you 36 to insert the next floppy. At this time, inser the BSD 37 install floppy 2 and hit any key. The kernel continous 38 loading another 40 tracks before it continues to boot. 39 40 Note: If you are using 1.44Mb floppies, you should select 'md1a' 41 instead of 'md0a'. 42 43 The system should continue to boot. For now ignore WARNING: 44 messages about bad dates in clocks. Eventually you will be 45 be asked to enter the pathname of the shell, just hit 46 return. After a short while, you will be asked to select 47 the type of your keyboard. After you have entered a valid 48 response here, the system asks you if you want to install 49 or upgrade your system. Since you are reading the 'install' 50 section, 'i' would be the proper response here... 51 52 2. Entering the installer 53 ========================= 54 The installer starts with a nice welcome messages. Read this 55 message carefully, it also informs you of the risks involved 56 in continuing! If you still want to go on, type 'y'. The 57 installer now continues by trying to figure out your disk 58 configuration. When it is done, you will be prompted to select 59 a root device from the list of disks it has found. 60 61 3. Select your root device 62 ========================== 63 You should know at this point that the disks are NOT numbered 64 according to their scsi-id! The NetBSD kernel numbers the scsi 65 drives (and other devices on the scsi bus) sequentially as it 66 finds them. The drive with the lowest scsi id will be called sd0, 67 the next one sd1, etc. 68 Where you end up after the selection of the root disk depends on 69 the contents of your disk. If it is already partitioned using 70 AHDI, start reading at item 4a, if this disk has no AHDI partitioning 71 but is blank or used by another non-AHDI system, start at item 4b. 72 73 YOU ARE NOW AT THE POINT OF NO RETURN! The programs in section 74 4 will modify your harddisk. Type Control-C NOW if you don't 75 want this. 76 77 4a. Setting AHDI partition id's on your root disk (using edahdi) 78 ================================================================ 79 Because NetBSD imposes a special ordering in disk partitions it 80 uses for root & swap. And because it wants to guard you against 81 an unwanted demolition of partitions used by other systems, you 82 have to tell it what partitions it is allowed to use. You have 83 to mark the partition you want to use as swap 'NBS' or 'SWP' 84 and the other partitions as 'NBD'. Note that all the changes 85 you make to the id's are reversable as long as you remember the 86 original value. 87 In the partition-id editor, the partitions are shown in the order 88 that AHDI created them. When you leave this editor and continue 89 at item 4b, your changes to the id's do have consequences to the 90 partition order! They will show up as follows: 91 a -- the first NBD partition 92 b -- the first NBS partition 93 d (and up) -- the rest of the partitions in AHDI order 94 95 4b. Labeling your root disk (using edlabel) 96 =========================================== 97 You are now allowed to change the partitioning of your disk. If 98 your disk is already partitioned with AHDI DON'T change anything 99 unless you are absolutely sure what you are doing! 100 If you are labeling an empty SCSI disk, you can make life easy for 101 yourself by selecting 'standarize geometry'. This allows you to 102 select a 'sectors per track' and 'tracks/cylinder' value and have 103 the (fictious) SCSI geometry changed accordingly. So if you select 104 64 sect/track and 32 tracks/cylinder, each cilinder is exactly 105 1Mb in size. Well, go ahead and don't forget to save your work 106 before quitting! 107 NOTE: to make sure that NetBSD can create/mount filesystems on 108 the partitions you defined, make sure the 'type' is entered 109 correctly: 110 4.2BSD - filesystems created by NetBSD 111 MSDOS - filesystems shared with GEM 112 113 Just ignore it, it's harmless. 114 115 5. Label additional disks 116 ========================= 117 Now that your root-disk is labeled, you are given the opportunity 118 to label any of the other disks in your system. The procedure is 119 the same as with your root disk. 120 121 6. Setup the fstab 122 ================== 123 Since all disks you want to use with NetBSD are properly labeled, 124 it is time to tell the installer which partition will be associated 125 with the different filesystems. As mentioned above, it is wise to 126 make at least a separate root and /usr filesystem. Depending on 127 what you are planning to do with your system, you might also consider 128 to make a separate /var, /local or /home. 129 When you tell the installer that all of your filesystems are specified 130 correctly, it starts creating them for you. 131 132 7. Configure your network 133 ========================= 134 Don't do this right now. As non of the network cards are supported, 135 it doesn't make any sense. 136 137 8. Edit the fstab - again.... 138 ============================= 139 Since the network configuration might have lead to additional (nfs) 140 filesystem entries, you get another chance to modify your fstab. 141 142 9. Installing the distribution sets 143 =================================== 144 Your are finally at the point where some real data will be put on 145 your freshly made filesystems. Select the device type you whish 146 to install from and off you go.... 147 Some notes: 148 - If you want to install from tape, please read the section 149 about how to create such a tape. 150 The tape device name will be "nrst0" for the first tape 151 drive, "nrst1" for the second, etc. 152 - If you want to install from a gemdos filesystem, you should 153 rename the distribution sets because of the nameing limitations 154 on gemdos. Move all 'xxx.tar.gz' sets to 'xxx.tgz'. The 155 installer will handle the rest. 156 - Install at least the base and etc sets. 157 - If you have to specify a path relative to the mount-point and 158 you need the mount-point itself, enter '.'. 159 160 10. Timezone selection and device-node building 161 =============================================== 162 The isn't much to say about this. Just select the timezone you 163 are in. The installer will make the correct setup on your root 164 filesystem. After the timezone-link is installed, the installer 165 will proceed by creating the device nodes on your root filesystem. 166 Be patient, this will take a while... 167 168 11. Installing the kernel 169 ========================= 170 Because the kernel didn't fit on the install-disks, the installer 171 asks you about the disk your kernel is on. You can specify the 172 floppy with disk 'fd0' and partition 'b' for 720K disks and 173 partition 'c' for 1.4M disks, or one of the hard disk partitions. 174 175 12. Installing the bootstrap 176 ============================ 177 Finally, the installer ask you if you want to install the bootblock 178 code on your root disk. This is a matter of personal choise and can 179 also be done from a running NetBSD system. See the 'installboot(8)' 180 manual page about how to do this. 181 182 13. You did it! 183 =============== 184 Congratulations, you just installed NetBSD successfully! If you 185 also installed a bootblock, you only have to reboot your atari to 186 enter your freshly build system. If you didn't, get back to section 187 1 (How to boot the miniroot). Just substitute 'md0a' by your NetBSD 188 root disk. 189 190 191 Some extra remarks: 192 =================== 193 194 If you don't want to use the bootloader. You could use the following 195 setup: 196 Reserve a small GEMDOS partition of about 4Mb. This is 197 enough to put in a few kernels. Put the netbsd kernel 198 into this partition. Also, edit your /etc/fstab to always 199 mount this partition, say as /kernels. Now make a symlink 200 from /netbsd to /kernels/netbsd. 201 This sceme is particulary handy when you want to make your 202 own kernel. When compilation is finished, you just copy 203 your kernel to /kernels/netbsd and reboot. It's wise to 204 make sure there is _always_ a 'known to work' kernel image 205 present. 206
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