install revision 1.6
1 $NetBSD: install,v 1.6 1998/01/14 06:50:27 scottr Exp $ 2 3 Installing NetBSD is a relatively complex process, but, if you have 4 this document in hand and are careful to read and remember the 5 information which is presented to you by the install program, it 6 shouldn't be too much trouble. 7 8 Before you begin, you must have already prepared your hard disk as 9 detailed in the section on preparing your system for install. 10 11 The following is a walk-through of the steps necessary to get NetBSD 12 installed on your hard disk. If you wish to stop the installation, 13 you may hit Control-C at any prompt, but if you do, you'll have to 14 begin again from scratch. 15 16 1. Booting the miniroot 17 ======================= 18 First you need to get yourself into NetBSD. This can be 19 done in a couple ways, both of which currently require 20 GEMDOS. You need either the bootfloppy provided in the 21 distribution or you can copy the loadbsd.ttp program and 22 kernel to a boot floppy disk (1.4M needed) or put them on a TOS 23 partition. Select the loadbsd program and it will 24 ask for parameters, supply: '-b netbsd' (or whatever name 25 you copied the kernel to). You can, of course, also run it 26 from the shell command-line in MiNT: 27 28 loadbsd -b a:/netbsd 29 30 You should see the screen clear and some information about 31 your system as the kernel configures the hardware. Then 32 you will be prompted for a root device. At this time remove 33 the GEMDOS kernel boot floppy from the drive if present and 34 insert the BSD install floppy 1. Now type `md0a' to tell the 35 kernel to load the install filesystem into RAMdisk. While 36 While the kernel is loading, it will show a '.' for each 37 track loaded. After loading 80 tracks, it will ask you 38 to insert the next floppy. At this time, inser the BSD 39 install floppy 2 and hit any key. The kernel continous 40 loading another 40 tracks before it continues to boot. 41 42 Note: If you are using 1.44Mb floppies, you should select 'md1a' 43 instead of 'md0a'. 44 45 The system should continue to boot. For now ignore WARNING: 46 messages about bad dates in clocks. Eventually you will be 47 be asked to enter the pathname of the shell, just hit 48 return. After a short while, you will be asked to select 49 the type of your keyboard. After you have entered a valid 50 response here, the system asks you if you want to install 51 or upgrade your system. Since you are reading the 'install' 52 section, 'i' would be the proper response here... 53 54 2. Entering the installer 55 ========================= 56 The installer starts with a nice welcome messages. Read this 57 message carefully, it also informs you of the risks involved 58 in continuing! If you still want to go on, type 'y'. The 59 installer now continues by trying to figure out your disk 60 configuration. When it is done, you will be prompted to select 61 a root device from the list of disks it has found. 62 63 3. Select your root device 64 ========================== 65 You should know at this point that the disks are NOT numbered 66 according to their scsi-id! The NetBSD kernel numbers the scsi 67 drives (and other devices on the scsi bus) sequentially as it 68 finds them. The drive with the lowest scsi id will be called sd0, 69 the next one sd1, etc. 70 Where you end up after the selection of the root disk depends on 71 the contents of your disk. If it is already partitioned using 72 AHDI, start reading at item 4a, if this disk has no AHDI partitioning 73 but is blank or used by another non-AHDI system, start at item 4b. 74 75 YOU ARE NOW AT THE POINT OF NO RETURN! The programs in section 76 4 will modify your harddisk. Type Control-C NOW if you don't 77 want this. 78 79 4a. Setting AHDI partition id's on your root disk (using edahdi) 80 ================================================================ 81 Because NetBSD imposes a special ordering in disk partitions it 82 uses for root & swap. And because it wants to guard you against 83 an unwanted demolition of partitions used by other systems, you 84 have to tell it what partitions it is allowed to use. You have 85 to mark the partition you want to use as swap 'NBS' or 'SWP' 86 and the other partitions as 'NBD'. Note that all the changes 87 you make to the id's are reversable as long as you remember the 88 original value. 89 In the partition-id editor, the partitions are shown in the order 90 that AHDI created them. When you leave this editor and continue 91 at item 4b, your changes to the id's do have consequences to the 92 partition order! They will show up as follows: 93 a -- the first NBD partition 94 b -- the first NBS partition 95 d (and up) -- the rest of the partitions in AHDI order 96 97 4b. Labeling your root disk (using edlabel) 98 =========================================== 99 You are now allowed to change the partitioning of your disk. If 100 your disk is already partitioned with AHDI DON'T change anything 101 unless you are absolutely sure what you are doing! 102 If you are labeling an empty SCSI disk, you can make life easy for 103 yourself by selecting 'standarize geometry'. This allows you to 104 select a 'sectors per track' and 'tracks/cylinder' value and have 105 the (fictious) SCSI geometry changed accordingly. So if you select 106 64 sect/track and 32 tracks/cylinder, each cilinder is exactly 107 1Mb in size. Well, go ahead and don't forget to save your work 108 before quitting! 109 NOTE: to make sure that NetBSD can create/mount filesystems on 110 the partitions you defined, make sure the 'type' is entered 111 correctly: 112 4.2BSD - filesystems created by NetBSD 113 MSDOS - filesystems shared with GEM 114 115 Just ignore it, it's harmless. 116 117 5. Label additional disks 118 ========================= 119 Now that your root-disk is labeled, you are given the opportunity 120 to label any of the other disks in your system. The procedure is 121 the same as with your root disk. 122 123 6. Setup the fstab 124 ================== 125 Since all disks you want to use with NetBSD are properly labeled, 126 it is time to tell the installer which partition will be associated 127 with the different filesystems. As mentioned above, it is wise to 128 make at least a separate root and /usr filesystem. Depending on 129 what you are planning to do with your system, you might also consider 130 to make a separate /var, /local or /home. 131 When you tell the installer that all of your filesystems are specified 132 correctly, it starts creating them for you. 133 134 7. Configure your network 135 ========================= 136 Don't do this right now. As non of the network cards are supported, 137 it doesn't make any sense. 138 139 8. Edit the fstab - again.... 140 ============================= 141 Since the network configuration might have lead to additional (nfs) 142 filesystem entries, you get another chance to modify your fstab. 143 144 9. Installing the distribution sets 145 =================================== 146 You are finally at the point where some real data will be put on 147 your freshly-made filesystems. Select the device type you whish 148 to install from and off you go.... 149 Some notes: 150 - If you want to install from tape, please read the section 151 about how to create such a tape. 152 The tape device name will be "nrst0" for the first tape 153 drive, "nrst1" for the second, etc. 154 - Install at least the base and etc sets. 155 - If you have to specify a path relative to the mount-point and 156 you need the mount-point itself, enter '.'. 157 - For previous NetBSD users: If you want to install from a 158 GEMDOS filesystem, you don't need to rename the distribution 159 sets as you may have done in previous versions of NetBSD. 160 161 10. Timezone selection and device-node building 162 =============================================== 163 The isn't much to say about this. Just select the timezone you 164 are in. The installer will make the correct setup on your root 165 filesystem. After the timezone-link is installed, the installer 166 will proceed by creating the device nodes on your root filesystem. 167 Be patient, this will take a while... 168 169 11. Installing the kernel 170 ========================= 171 Because the kernel didn't fit on the install-disks, the installer 172 asks you about the disk your kernel is on. You can specify the 173 floppy with disk 'fd0' and partition 'b' for 720K disks and 174 partition 'c' for 1.4M disks, or one of the hard disk partitions. 175 176 12. Installing the bootstrap 177 ============================ 178 Finally, the installer ask you if you want to install the bootblock 179 code on your root disk. This is a matter of personal choise and can 180 also be done from a running NetBSD system. See the 'installboot(8)' 181 manual page about how to do this. 182 183 13. You did it! 184 =============== 185 Congratulations, you just installed NetBSD successfully! If you 186 also installed a bootblock, you only have to reboot your atari to 187 enter your freshly build system. If you didn't, get back to section 188 1 (How to boot the miniroot). Just substitute 'md0a' by your NetBSD 189 root disk. 190 191 192 Some extra remarks: 193 =================== 194 195 If you don't want to use the bootloader. You could use the following 196 setup: 197 Reserve a small GEMDOS partition of about 4Mb. This is 198 enough to put in a few kernels. Put the netbsd kernel 199 into this partition. Also, edit your /etc/fstab to always 200 mount this partition, say as /kernels. Now make a symlink 201 from /netbsd to /kernels/netbsd. 202 This sceme is particulary handy when you want to make your 203 own kernel. When compilation is finished, you just copy 204 your kernel to /kernels/netbsd and reboot. It's wise to 205 make sure there is _always_ a 'known to work' kernel image 206 present. 207
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