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1Installation is supported from several media types, including: 2 3 DOS floppies 4 Tape 5 Remote NFS partition 6 FTP 7 8No matter which installation medium you choose, you'll need to have 9two floppy disks available (either 1.2M or 1.44 will work, though 10both should be the same type). On the first, you'll put the 11kernel-copy image that's appropriate for your system. On the second, 12you'll put the install or upgrade floppy image, depending on whether 13you're installing NetBSD for the first time, or upgrading a previous 14installation. 15 16If you are using an Adaptec AHA-154x or Buslogic BT-54x SCSI host 17adapter, you need the kcaha-10.fs kernel-copy image. If you're using 18a Buslogic BT-445, BT-74x, or BT-9xx SCSI host adapter, you'll need 19the kcbt-10.fs image. If you're using a disk controller other than 20those mentioned above, either kernel-copy disk image will work for 21you. 22 23If you are using a UN*X-like system to write the floppy images to 24disks, you should use the "dd" command to copy the file system images 25(.fs files) directly to the raw floppy disks. It is suggested that 26you read the dd(1) manual page or ask your system administrator to 27determine the correct set of arguments to use; it will be slightly 28different from system to system, and a comprehensive list of the 29possibilities is beyond the scope of this document. 30 31If you are using DOS to write the floppy images to disks, you should 32use the "rawrite" utility, provided in the "i386/utilities" directory 33of the NetBSD distribution. It will write the file system images (.fs 34files) to disks. 35 36Note that, when installing, the kernel-copy floppy can be write-protected 37(i.e. read-only), but the install floppy MUST not be write-protected. 38The install program needs to write some temporary files, and if the 39disk is write-protected, it can't. If you're upgrading your system, 40both the kernel-copy and upgrade floppies may be write-protected. 41 42Obviously, the steps necessary to prepare the distribution sets for 43installation or upgrade depend on which installation medium you 44choose. The steps for the various media are outlined below. 45 46To install or upgrade NetBSD using DOS floppies, you need to do the 47following: 48 49 Count the number of "set_name.xx" files that make up the 50 distribution sets you want to install or upgrade. You will 51 need one fifth that number of 1.2M floppies, or one sixth that 52 number of 1.44M floppies. You should only use one size of 53 floppy for the install or upgrade procedure; you can't use 54 some 1.2M floppies and some 1.44M floppies. 55 56 Format all of the floppies with DOS. DO NOT make any of them 57 bootable DOS floppies, i.e. don't use "format/s" to format 58 them. (If the floppies are bootable, then the DOS system 59 files that make them bootable will take up some space, and you 60 won't be able to fit as many distribution set parts per disk.) 61 If you're using floppies that are formatted for DOS by their 62 manufacturers, they probably aren't bootable, and you can use 63 them out of the box. 64 65 Place all of the "set_name.xx" files on the DOS disks, five 66 per disk if you're using 1.2M disks, six per disk if you're 67 using 1.44M disks. How you do this is up to you; there are 68 many possibilities. You could, for instance, use a DOS 69 terminal program to download them on to the floppies, or use 70 a UN*X-like system capable of reading and writing DOS file 71 systems (either with "mtools" or a real DOS file system) 72 to place them on the disk. 73 74 Once you have the files on DOS disks, you can proceed to the 75 next step in the installation or upgrade process. If you're 76 installing NetBSD from scratch, go to the section on preparing 77 your hard disk, below. If you're upgrading an existing 78 installation, go directly to the section on upgrading. 79 80To install or upgrade NetBSD using a tape, you need to do the 81following: 82 83 To install NetBSD from a tape, you need to make a tape that 84 contains the distribution set files, in "tar" format. If 85 you're making the tape on a UN*X-like system, the easiest way 86 to do so is probably something like: 87 88 tar cf <tape_device> <dist_directories> 89 90 where "<tape_device>" is the name of the tape device that 91 describes the tape drive you're using (possibly /dev/rst0, or 92 something similar, but it will vary from system to system. 93 (If you can't figure it out, ask your system administrator.) 94 In the above example, "<dist_directories>" are the 95 distribution sets' directories, for the distribution sets you 96 wish to place on the tape. For instance, to put the "base10" 97 and "etc10" distributions on tape (in order to do the absolute 98 minimum installation to a new disk), you would do the 99 following: 100 101 cd .../NetBSD-1.0 # the top of the tree 102 cd i386/binary 103 tar cf <tape_device> base10 etc10 104 105 (Note that you still need to fill in "<tape_device>" in the 106 example.) 107 108 Once you have the files on the tape, you can proceed to the 109 next step in the installation or upgrade process. If you're 110 installing NetBSD from scratch, go to the section on preparing 111 your hard disk, below. If you're upgrading an existing 112 installation, go directly to the section on upgrading. 113 114To install or upgrade NetBSD using a remote partition, mounted via 115NFS, you must do the following: 116 117 NOTE: This method of installation is recommended only for 118 those already familiar with using BSD network 119 configuration and management commands. If you aren't, 120 this documentation should help, but is not intended to 121 be all-encompassing. 122 123 Place the NetBSD distribution sets you wish to install into a 124 directory on an NFS server, and make that directory mountable 125 by the machine on which you are installing or upgrading NetBSD. 126 This will probably require modifying the /etc/exports file on 127 of the NFS server and resetting its mount daemon (mountd). 128 (Both of these actions will probably require superuser 129 privileges on the server.) 130 131 You need to know the the numeric IP address of the NFS server, 132 and, if the server is not on a network directly connected to 133 the machine on which you're installing or upgrading NetBSD, 134 you need to know the numeric IP address of the router closest 135 to the NetBSD machine. Finally, you need to know the numeric 136 IP address of the NetBSD machine itself. 137 138 Once the NFS server is set up properly and you have the 139 information mentioned above, you can proceed to the next step 140 in the installation or upgrade process. If you're installing 141 NetBSD from scratch, go to the section on preparing your hard 142 disk, below. If you're upgrading an existing installation, go 143 directly to the section on upgrading. 144 145To install or upgrade NetBSD by using FTP to get the installation 146sets, you must do the following: 147 148 NOTE: This method of installation is recommended only for 149 those already familiar with using BSD network 150 configuration and management commands. If you aren't, 151 this documentation should help, but is not intended to 152 be all-encompassing. 153 154 The preparations for this installation/upgrade method are 155 easy; all you make sure that there's some FTP site from which 156 you can retrieve the NetBSD distribution when you're about to 157 install or upgrade. You need to know the numeric IP address 158 of that site, and, if it's not on a network directly connected 159 to the machine on which you're installing or upgrading NetBSD, 160 you need to know the numeric IP address of the router closest 161 to the NetBSD machine. Finally, you need to know the numeric 162 IP address of the NetBSD machine itself. 163 164 Once you have this information, you can proceed to the next 165 step in the installation or upgrade process. If you're 166 installing NetBSD from scratch, go to the section on 167 preparing your hard disk, below. If you're upgrading an 168 existing installation, go directly to the section on 169 upgrading. 170 171If you are upgrading NetBSD, you also have the option of installing 172NetBSD by putting the new distribution sets somewhere in your existing 173file system, and using them from there. To do that, you must do the 174following: 175 176 Place the distribution sets you wish to upgrade somewhere in 177 your current file system tree. At a bare minimum, you must 178 upgrade the "base" binary distribution, and so must put the 179 "base10" set somewhere in your file system. If you wish, 180 you can do the other sets, as well, but you should NOT upgrade 181 the "etc" distribution; the "etc" distribution contains system 182 configuration files that you should review and update by hand. 183 184 Once you have done this, you can proceed to the next step in 185 the upgrade process, actually upgrading your system. 186