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install revision 1.4.2.2
      1      1.1  deraadt Installing NetBSD is a relatively complex process, but if you have
      2      1.1  deraadt this document in hand it shouldn't be too much trouble.
      3      1.1  deraadt 
      4      1.4       pk There are several ways to install NetBSD onto a disk. If your Sparcstation
      5      1.4       pk is hooked up in a network you can find find a server and arrange for a
      6      1.4       pk diskless setup which is a convenient way to install on a machine with
      7      1.4       pk a single disk attached. Alternatively, you could use SunOS (booted from
      8      1.4       pk a local disk) and install NetBSD onto a second disk. For the latter method,
      9      1.4       pk skip to the section "Installing from SunOS" below.
     10      1.4       pk 
     11  1.4.2.1       pk 
     12      1.4       pk Installing using a diskless setup.
     13      1.4       pk 
     14      1.4       pk First, you must setup a diskless client configuration on a server. Consult
     15      1.4       pk your server installation documents on how to proceed with this.
     16      1.4       pk Put all the *.tar.gz files you want to install into the root directory
     17      1.4       pk for your client on the server.
     18      1.4       pk 
     19  1.4.2.2       pk Next, unpack `base.tar.gz' and `etc.tar.gz' on the server in the root 
     20  1.4.2.2       pk directory for your machine. If you elect to use a separately NFS-mounted
     21  1.4.2.2       pk filesystem for `/usr' with your diskless setup, make sure the "./usr" base
     22  1.4.2.2       pk files in base.tar.gz end up in the correct location. One way to do this is
     23  1.4.2.2       pk to temporarily use a loopback mount on the server, re-routing <root>/usr to
     24  1.4.2.2       pk your server's exported NetBSD "/usr" directory. Also put the kernel and the
     25  1.4.2.2       pk install/upgrade scripts into the root directory.
     26  1.4.2.1       pk 
     27      1.4       pk A few configuration files need to be edited:
     28      1.4       pk 
     29      1.4       pk 	<root>/etc/hosts
     30  1.4.2.1       pk 		Add the IP addresses of both server and client.
     31  1.4.2.1       pk 
     32      1.4       pk 	<root>/etc/myname
     33  1.4.2.1       pk 		This files contains the client's hostname; use the same
     34  1.4.2.1       pk 		name as in <root>/etc/hosts.
     35  1.4.2.1       pk 
     36      1.4       pk 	<root>/etc/fstab
     37  1.4.2.1       pk 		Enter the entries for the remotely mounted filesystems.
     38  1.4.2.1       pk 		For example:
     39  1.4.2.1       pk 			server:/export/root/client       /     nfs  rw 0 0
     40  1.4.2.1       pk 			server:/export/exec/sun4.netbsd  /usr  nfs  rw 0 0
     41  1.4.2.1       pk 
     42  1.4.2.1       pk Now you must populate the the `/dev' directory for your client. If you server
     43  1.4.2.1       pk runs SunOS 4.x, you can simply change your working directory to `<root>/dev'
     44  1.4.2.1       pk and run the MAKEDEV script: `sh MAKEDEV all'.
     45  1.4.2.1       pk 
     46  1.4.2.1       pk On SunOS 5.x systems, MAKEDEV can also be used, but there'll be error
     47  1.4.2.1       pk messages about unknown user and groups. These errors are inconsequential
     48  1.4.2.1       pk for the purpose of installing NetBSD. However, you may want to correct them
     49  1.4.2.1       pk if you plan to the diskless setup regularly. In that case, you may re-run
     50  1.4.2.1       pk MAKEDEV on your NetBSD machine once it has booted.
     51      1.4       pk 
     52      1.4       pk Boot your workstation from the server by entering the appropriate `boot'
     53      1.4       pk command at the monitor prompt. Depending on the PROM version in your machine,
     54      1.4       pk this command takes one of the following forms:
     55      1.4       pk 
     56      1.4       pk 	> b le()netbsd -s		# for sun4 monitors
     57      1.4       pk 	ok boot le()netbsd -s		# for version 1 OpenBOOT ROMs
     58      1.4       pk 	ok boot net netbsd -s		# for version 2 OpenBOOT ROMs
     59      1.4       pk 
     60      1.4       pk This will boot the NetBSD kernel in single-user mode.
     61      1.4       pk 
     62      1.4       pk [[
     63      1.4       pk NOTE: the latter two examples assume you operate the OpenBOOT ROM in
     64      1.4       pk "new command mode". If your machine comes up and gives you a `>' prompt
     65      1.4       pk instead of `ok', type:
     66      1.4       pk 
     67      1.4       pk     >n					# enter native OpenBOOT mode
     68      1.4       pk     ok setenv sunmon-compat? false	# make it permanent
     69      1.4       pk     ok
     70      1.4       pk ]]
     71      1.4       pk 
     72  1.4.2.1       pk If you use a diskless setup with a separately NFS-mounted /usr filesystem,
     73  1.4.2.1       pk mount /usr by hand now:
     74  1.4.2.1       pk 
     75  1.4.2.1       pk netbsd# mount /usr
     76  1.4.2.1       pk 
     77  1.4.2.1       pk At this point, it's worth checking the disk label and partition sizes on
     78  1.4.2.1       pk the disk you want to install NetBSD onto. NetBSD understands SunOS-style
     79  1.4.2.1       pk disklabels, so if your disk was previously used by SunOS there will be
     80  1.4.2.1       pk a usable label on it. Use `disklabel -e <disk>' (where <disk> is the
     81  1.4.2.1       pk device name assigned by the NetBSD kernel, e.g. `sd0') to view and
     82  1.4.2.1       pk modify the partition sizes. A comfortable size for the root filesystem
     83  1.4.2.1       pk partition is about 20MB; a good initial size for the swap partition is
     84  1.4.2.1       pk twice the amount of physical memory in your machine (though, unlike
     85  1.4.2.1       pk SunOS 4.x, there are no restrictions on the size of the swap partition
     86  1.4.2.1       pk that would render part of your memory unusable). A full binary installation
     87  1.4.2.1       pk takes about 60MB in `/usr'. Make all your partitions start and end on
     88  1.4.2.1       pk cylinder boundaries.
     89  1.4.2.1       pk 
     90  1.4.2.1       pk NOTE: if you are installing on a SCSI disk that does *not* have a SunOS
     91  1.4.2.1       pk or NetBSD label on it, you may still be able to use disklabel(8) but you'll
     92  1.4.2.1       pk have to create all partitions from scratch. If your disk is listed in
     93  1.4.2.1       pk `/etc/disktab', you may use the entry (which in most cases only defines
     94  1.4.2.1       pk a `c' partition to describe the whole disk) to put an initial label on
     95  1.4.2.1       pk the disk.
     96  1.4.2.1       pk 
     97  1.4.2.1       pk 
     98  1.4.2.1       pk If you are upgrading a NetBSD installation, start the upgrade script:
     99  1.4.2.1       pk 
    100  1.4.2.1       pk #netbsd ./upgrade.sh
    101  1.4.2.1       pk 
    102  1.4.2.1       pk else, start the installation procedure:
    103      1.4       pk 
    104      1.4       pk netbsd# ./install.sh
    105      1.4       pk 
    106      1.4       pk 
    107  1.4.2.1       pk These scripts will do most of the work of transferring the system from the
    108      1.4       pk tar files onto your disk. You will frequently be asked for confirmation
    109      1.4       pk before the script proceeds with each phase of the installation process.
    110      1.4       pk Occasionally, you'll have to provide a piece of information such as the
    111      1.4       pk name of the disk you want to install on or IP addresses and domain names
    112      1.4       pk you want to assign.
    113      1.4       pk 
    114      1.4       pk The installation script goes through the following phases:
    115      1.4       pk 
    116      1.4       pk 	- determination of the disk to install NetBSD on
    117      1.4       pk 	- checking of the partition information on the disk
    118      1.4       pk 	- creating and mounting the NetBSD filesystems
    119      1.4       pk 	- setup of IP configuration
    120      1.4       pk 	- extraction of the distribution tar files
    121      1.4       pk 	- installation of boot programs
    122      1.4       pk 
    123      1.4       pk 
    124      1.4       pk Now try a reboot.  (If needed, swap your scsi id's first).  Initially
    125      1.4       pk I'd suggest you "boot sd()netbsd -bs", then try multiuser after that.
    126      1.4       pk if you boot single-user the NetBSD incantation to make the root
    127      1.4       pk filesystem writable is
    128      1.4       pk 
    129      1.4       pk     netbsd# mount -u /dev/sd0a /
    130      1.4       pk 
    131      1.4       pk The Sun monitor normally tries to load a file called "vmunix". On
    132      1.4       pk OpenBOOT ROM systems you can change it to load NetBSD instead using
    133      1.4       pk the following commands:
    134      1.4       pk 
    135      1.4       pk On version 1 OpenBOOT ROMs:
    136      1.4       pk     >n
    137      1.4       pk     ok setenv boot-from sd(0,0,0)netbsd
    138      1.4       pk     ok
    139      1.4       pk 
    140      1.4       pk On version 2 OpenBOOT ROMs:
    141      1.4       pk     ok setenv boot-file netbsd
    142      1.4       pk     ok setenv boot-device /sbus/esp/sd@0,0
    143      1.4       pk 
    144      1.4       pk 
    145      1.4       pk Congratulations, you have successfully installed NetBSD 1.0.  When you
    146      1.4       pk reboot into NetBSD, you should log in as "root" at the login prompt.
    147      1.4       pk There is no initial password, but if you're using the machine in a
    148      1.4       pk networked environment, you should create yourself an account and
    149      1.4       pk protect it and the "root" account with good passwords.
    150      1.4       pk 
    151      1.4       pk Some of the files in the NetBSD 1.0 distribution might need to be
    152      1.4       pk tailored for your site.  In particular, the /etc/sendmail.cf file will
    153      1.4       pk almost definitely need to be adjusted, and other files in /etc will
    154      1.4       pk probably need to be modified.  If you are unfamiliar with UN*X-like
    155      1.4       pk system administration, it's recommended that you buy a book that
    156      1.4       pk discusses it.
    157      1.4       pk 
    158      1.4       pk 
    159      1.4       pk 
    160      1.4       pk Installing from SunOS.
    161      1.4       pk 
    162      1.1  deraadt You need a SunOS machine to install NetBSD.  You also need at
    163      1.1  deraadt least the following pieces:
    164      1.1  deraadt 
    165      1.1  deraadt     the *.tar.gz files you want to install (as a minimum, base.tar.gz)
    166      1.1  deraadt     gzip (GNU gzip) SunOS binary
    167      1.1  deraadt     gtar (GNU tar) SunOS binary
    168      1.1  deraadt     the "install.sh" script
    169      1.1  deraadt     a "/boot" file from a SunOS sun4c machine
    170      1.4       pk     a kernel, most likely "/netbsd"
    171      1.1  deraadt 
    172      1.1  deraadt All these pieces, except "/boot", are supplied in the NetBSD/sparc
    173      1.1  deraadt distribution.
    174      1.1  deraadt 
    175      1.1  deraadt You need to format and partition the disk using SunOS (since
    176      1.1  deraadt NetBSD/sparc uses SunOS disk labels.)  Give yourself adequate
    177      1.1  deraadt partition sizes.  Here is an example layout:
    178      1.1  deraadt 
    179      1.1  deraadt     partition    size   offset	  will be..
    180      1.1  deraadt     sd2a        28140        0	  /
    181      1.1  deraadt     sd2b        16170    28140	  swap
    182      1.1  deraadt     sd2c       204540        0	  `whole disk'
    183      1.1  deraadt     sd2g       160230    44310	  /usr
    184      1.1  deraadt 
    185      1.1  deraadt BTW, These are not recommended sizes.  They simply match the first
    186      1.1  deraadt (tiny) disk that NetBSD/sparc ran on.
    187      1.1  deraadt 
    188      1.1  deraadt Use SunOS to newfs the partitions which will have filesystems on them.
    189      1.1  deraadt (NetBSD's filesystem format is identical to SunOS).
    190      1.1  deraadt 
    191      1.1  deraadt     sunos# newfs /dev/rsd2a
    192      1.1  deraadt     [... lots of output]
    193      1.1  deraadt     sunos# newfs /dev/rsd2g
    194      1.1  deraadt     [... lots of output]
    195      1.1  deraadt 
    196      1.1  deraadt NOTE: If you are able to, there is a performance benefit from
    197      1.1  deraadt newfs'ing using NetBSD.  If you newfs using the NetBSD newfs command,
    198      1.1  deraadt be sure to use the -O flag for your / partition, so that newfs will
    199      1.1  deraadt use the 4.3BSD filesystem format, rather than the new 4.4BSD filesystem
    200      1.1  deraadt format.  If you forget, you will not be able to boot -- the SunOS boot
    201      1.1  deraadt blocks do not understand the extended 4.4BSD filesystem format.
    202      1.1  deraadt 
    203      1.1  deraadt Mount those partitions in a tree formation, under /mnt; ie:
    204      1.1  deraadt 
    205      1.1  deraadt     sunos# df
    206      1.1  deraadt     Filesystem            kbytes    used   avail capacity  Mounted on
    207      1.1  deraadt     [...]
    208      1.1  deraadt     /dev/sd2a              11501       0   11501     0%    /mnt
    209      1.1  deraadt     /dev/sd2g             179529       0  179529     0%    /mnt/usr
    210      1.1  deraadt 
    211      1.1  deraadt Place a standard SunOS "/boot" program in /mnt (your new root
    212      1.1  deraadt partition), and use the SunOS command "installboot" to make it work.
    213      1.1  deraadt The installboot man page says to do something like this:
    214      1.1  deraadt 
    215      1.1  deraadt     sunos# cp /boot /mnt/boot
    216      1.1  deraadt     sunos# /usr/mdec/installboot -vlt /mnt/boot /usr/mdec/bootsd /dev/rsd2a
    217      1.1  deraadt 
    218      1.1  deraadt You can now extract the provided "*.tar.gz files onto your disk.  The
    219      1.1  deraadt provided script, "install.sh" will help you:
    220      1.1  deraadt 
    221      1.1  deraadt     sunos# ls -FC
    222      1.1  deraadt     base.tar.gz      etc.tar.gz       man.tar.gz       secr.tar.gz
    223      1.1  deraadt     comp.tar.gz      games.tar.gz     misc.tar.gz      text.tar.gz
    224      1.1  deraadt     install.sh       netbsd.id3_scsi
    225      1.1  deraadt     sunos# ./install.sh
    226      1.1  deraadt     [...]
    227      1.1  deraadt 
    228      1.1  deraadt This script NEEDS gzip and gtar (GNU gzip and GNU tar) on your
    229      1.1  deraadt execution path!  The tar files are in a "new format" that includes
    230      1.1  deraadt directory information, and SunOS tar will not read them.  Statically
    231      1.1  deraadt linked versions of these programs for SunOS are supplied in the
    232      1.1  deraadt distribution.
    233      1.1  deraadt 
    234      1.1  deraadt After the files have been extracted, repair /mnt/etc/fstab to match
    235      1.1  deraadt your actual disk layout.  (Minus the "/mnt" component of each path, of
    236      1.1  deraadt course :-)
    237      1.1  deraadt 
    238      1.4       pk Now proceed to reboot the machine as described above in "Installing
    239      1.4       pk using a diskless setup".
    240