install revision 1.6 1 Installing NetBSD is a relatively complex process, but if you have
2 this document in hand it shouldn't be too much trouble.
3
4 There are several ways to install NetBSD onto a disk. If your Sparcstation
5 is hooked up in a network you can find find a server and arrange for a
6 diskless setup which is a convenient way to install on a machine with
7 a single disk attached. Alternatively, you could use SunOS (booted from
8 a local disk) and install NetBSD onto a second disk. For the latter method,
9 skip to the section "Installing from SunOS" below.
10
11
12 Installing using a diskless setup.
13
14 First, you must setup a diskless client configuration on a server. Consult
15 your server installation documents on how to proceed with this.
16 Put all the *.tar.gz files you want to install into the root directory
17 for your client on the server.
18
19 Next, unpack base.tar.gz on the server in the root directory for your machine.
20 If you elect to you a separately NFS-mounted filesystem for `/usr' on your
21 diskless setup, make sure the "./usr" base files in base.tar.gz end up
22 in the correct location. One way to do this is to temporarily use a loopback
23 mount on the server, re-routing <root>/usr to your server's exported
24 NetBSD "/usr" directory.
25
26 A few configuration files need to be edited:
27
28 <root>/etc/hosts
29 Add the IP addresses of both server and client.
30
31 <root>/etc/myname
32 This files contains the client's hostname; use the same
33 name as in <root>/etc/hosts.
34
35 <root>/etc/fstab
36 Enter the entries for remotely mounted `root', `swap' and
37 possibly `/usr' filesystems.
38
39 Now you must populate the the `/dev' directory for your client. If you server
40 runs SunOS 4.x, you can simply change your working directory to `<root>/dev'
41 and run the MAKEDEV script: `sh MAKEDEV all'.
42
43 On SunOS 5.x systems, MAKEDEV can also be used, but there'll be error
44 messages about unknown user and groups. These errors are inconsequential
45 for the purpose of installing NetBSD. However, you may want to correct them
46 if you plan to the diskless setup regularly. In that case, you may re-run
47 MAKEDEV on your NetBSD machine once it has booted.
48
49 Boot your workstation from the server by entering the appropriate `boot'
50 command at the monitor prompt. Depending on the PROM version in your machine,
51 this command takes one of the following forms:
52
53 > b le()netbsd -s # for sun4 monitors
54 ok boot le()netbsd -s # for version 1 OpenBOOT ROMs
55 ok boot net netbsd -s # for version 2 OpenBOOT ROMs
56
57 This will boot the NetBSD kernel in single-user mode.
58
59 [[
60 NOTE: the latter two examples assume you operate the OpenBOOT ROM in
61 "new command mode". If your machine comes up and gives you a `>' prompt
62 instead of `ok', type:
63
64 >n # enter native OpenBOOT mode
65 ok setenv sunmon-compat? false # make it permanent
66 ok
67 ]]
68
69 If you use a diskless setup with a separately NFS-mounted /usr filesystem,
70 mount /usr by hand now:
71
72 netbsd# mount /usr
73
74 If you are upgrading a NetBSD installation, start the upgrade script:
75
76 #netbsd ./upgrade.sh
77
78 else, start the installation procedure:
79
80 netbsd# ./install.sh
81
82
83 These scripts will do most of the work of transferring the system from the
84 tar files onto your disk. You will frequently be asked for confirmation
85 before the script proceeds with each phase of the installation process.
86 Occasionally, you'll have to provide a piece of information such as the
87 name of the disk you want to install on or IP addresses and domain names
88 you want to assign.
89
90 The installation script goes through the following phases:
91
92 - determination of the disk to install NetBSD on
93 - checking of the partition information on the disk
94 - creating and mounting the NetBSD filesystems
95 - setup of IP configuration
96 - extraction of the distribution tar files
97 - installation of boot programs
98
99
100 Now try a reboot. (If needed, swap your scsi id's first). Initially
101 I'd suggest you "boot sd()netbsd -bs", then try multiuser after that.
102 if you boot single-user the NetBSD incantation to make the root
103 filesystem writable is
104
105 netbsd# mount -u /dev/sd0a /
106
107 The Sun monitor normally tries to load a file called "vmunix". On
108 OpenBOOT ROM systems you can change it to load NetBSD instead using
109 the following commands:
110
111 On version 1 OpenBOOT ROMs:
112 >n
113 ok setenv boot-from sd(0,0,0)netbsd
114 ok
115
116 On version 2 OpenBOOT ROMs:
117 ok setenv boot-file netbsd
118 ok setenv boot-device /sbus/esp/sd@0,0
119
120
121 Congratulations, you have successfully installed NetBSD 1.0. When you
122 reboot into NetBSD, you should log in as "root" at the login prompt.
123 There is no initial password, but if you're using the machine in a
124 networked environment, you should create yourself an account and
125 protect it and the "root" account with good passwords.
126
127 Some of the files in the NetBSD 1.0 distribution might need to be
128 tailored for your site. In particular, the /etc/sendmail.cf file will
129 almost definitely need to be adjusted, and other files in /etc will
130 probably need to be modified. If you are unfamiliar with UN*X-like
131 system administration, it's recommended that you buy a book that
132 discusses it.
133
134
135
136 Installing from SunOS.
137
138 You need a SunOS machine to install NetBSD. You also need at
139 least the following pieces:
140
141 the *.tar.gz files you want to install (as a minimum, base.tar.gz)
142 gzip (GNU gzip) SunOS binary
143 gtar (GNU tar) SunOS binary
144 the "install.sh" script
145 a "/boot" file from a SunOS sun4c machine
146 a kernel, most likely "/netbsd"
147
148 All these pieces, except "/boot", are supplied in the NetBSD/sparc
149 distribution.
150
151 You need to format and partition the disk using SunOS (since
152 NetBSD/sparc uses SunOS disk labels.) Give yourself adequate
153 partition sizes. Here is an example layout:
154
155 partition size offset will be..
156 sd2a 28140 0 /
157 sd2b 16170 28140 swap
158 sd2c 204540 0 `whole disk'
159 sd2g 160230 44310 /usr
160
161 BTW, These are not recommended sizes. They simply match the first
162 (tiny) disk that NetBSD/sparc ran on.
163
164 Use SunOS to newfs the partitions which will have filesystems on them.
165 (NetBSD's filesystem format is identical to SunOS).
166
167 sunos# newfs /dev/rsd2a
168 [... lots of output]
169 sunos# newfs /dev/rsd2g
170 [... lots of output]
171
172 NOTE: If you are able to, there is a performance benefit from
173 newfs'ing using NetBSD. If you newfs using the NetBSD newfs command,
174 be sure to use the -O flag for your / partition, so that newfs will
175 use the 4.3BSD filesystem format, rather than the new 4.4BSD filesystem
176 format. If you forget, you will not be able to boot -- the SunOS boot
177 blocks do not understand the extended 4.4BSD filesystem format.
178
179 Mount those partitions in a tree formation, under /mnt; ie:
180
181 sunos# df
182 Filesystem kbytes used avail capacity Mounted on
183 [...]
184 /dev/sd2a 11501 0 11501 0% /mnt
185 /dev/sd2g 179529 0 179529 0% /mnt/usr
186
187 Place a standard SunOS "/boot" program in /mnt (your new root
188 partition), and use the SunOS command "installboot" to make it work.
189 The installboot man page says to do something like this:
190
191 sunos# cp /boot /mnt/boot
192 sunos# /usr/mdec/installboot -vlt /mnt/boot /usr/mdec/bootsd /dev/rsd2a
193
194 You can now extract the provided "*.tar.gz files onto your disk. The
195 provided script, "install.sh" will help you:
196
197 sunos# ls -FC
198 base.tar.gz etc.tar.gz man.tar.gz secr.tar.gz
199 comp.tar.gz games.tar.gz misc.tar.gz text.tar.gz
200 install.sh netbsd.id3_scsi
201 sunos# ./install.sh
202 [...]
203
204 This script NEEDS gzip and gtar (GNU gzip and GNU tar) on your
205 execution path! The tar files are in a "new format" that includes
206 directory information, and SunOS tar will not read them. Statically
207 linked versions of these programs for SunOS are supplied in the
208 distribution.
209
210 After the files have been extracted, repair /mnt/etc/fstab to match
211 your actual disk layout. (Minus the "/mnt" component of each path, of
212 course :-)
213
214 Now proceed to reboot the machine as described above in "Installing
215 using a diskless setup".
216