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install revision 1.6
      1 Installing NetBSD is a relatively complex process, but if you have
      2 this document in hand it shouldn't be too much trouble.
      3 
      4 There are several ways to install NetBSD onto a disk. If your Sparcstation
      5 is hooked up in a network you can find find a server and arrange for a
      6 diskless setup which is a convenient way to install on a machine with
      7 a single disk attached. Alternatively, you could use SunOS (booted from
      8 a local disk) and install NetBSD onto a second disk. For the latter method,
      9 skip to the section "Installing from SunOS" below.
     10 
     11 
     12 Installing using a diskless setup.
     13 
     14 First, you must setup a diskless client configuration on a server. Consult
     15 your server installation documents on how to proceed with this.
     16 Put all the *.tar.gz files you want to install into the root directory
     17 for your client on the server.
     18 
     19 Next, unpack base.tar.gz on the server in the root directory for your machine.
     20 If you elect to you a separately NFS-mounted filesystem for `/usr' on your
     21 diskless setup, make sure the "./usr" base files in base.tar.gz end up
     22 in the correct location. One way to do this is to temporarily use a loopback
     23 mount on the server, re-routing <root>/usr to your server's exported
     24 NetBSD "/usr" directory.
     25 
     26 A few configuration files need to be edited:
     27 
     28 	<root>/etc/hosts
     29 		Add the IP addresses of both server and client.
     30 
     31 	<root>/etc/myname
     32 		This files contains the client's hostname; use the same
     33 		name as in <root>/etc/hosts.
     34 
     35 	<root>/etc/fstab
     36 		Enter the entries for remotely mounted `root', `swap' and
     37 		possibly `/usr' filesystems.
     38 
     39 Now you must populate the the `/dev' directory for your client. If you server
     40 runs SunOS 4.x, you can simply change your working directory to `<root>/dev'
     41 and run the MAKEDEV script: `sh MAKEDEV all'.
     42 
     43 On SunOS 5.x systems, MAKEDEV can also be used, but there'll be error
     44 messages about unknown user and groups. These errors are inconsequential
     45 for the purpose of installing NetBSD. However, you may want to correct them
     46 if you plan to the diskless setup regularly. In that case, you may re-run
     47 MAKEDEV on your NetBSD machine once it has booted.
     48 
     49 Boot your workstation from the server by entering the appropriate `boot'
     50 command at the monitor prompt. Depending on the PROM version in your machine,
     51 this command takes one of the following forms:
     52 
     53 	> b le()netbsd -s		# for sun4 monitors
     54 	ok boot le()netbsd -s		# for version 1 OpenBOOT ROMs
     55 	ok boot net netbsd -s		# for version 2 OpenBOOT ROMs
     56 
     57 This will boot the NetBSD kernel in single-user mode.
     58 
     59 [[
     60 NOTE: the latter two examples assume you operate the OpenBOOT ROM in
     61 "new command mode". If your machine comes up and gives you a `>' prompt
     62 instead of `ok', type:
     63 
     64     >n					# enter native OpenBOOT mode
     65     ok setenv sunmon-compat? false	# make it permanent
     66     ok
     67 ]]
     68 
     69 If you use a diskless setup with a separately NFS-mounted /usr filesystem,
     70 mount /usr by hand now:
     71 
     72 netbsd# mount /usr
     73 
     74 If you are upgrading a NetBSD installation, start the upgrade script:
     75 
     76 #netbsd ./upgrade.sh
     77 
     78 else, start the installation procedure:
     79 
     80 netbsd# ./install.sh
     81 
     82 
     83 These scripts will do most of the work of transferring the system from the
     84 tar files onto your disk. You will frequently be asked for confirmation
     85 before the script proceeds with each phase of the installation process.
     86 Occasionally, you'll have to provide a piece of information such as the
     87 name of the disk you want to install on or IP addresses and domain names
     88 you want to assign.
     89 
     90 The installation script goes through the following phases:
     91 
     92 	- determination of the disk to install NetBSD on
     93 	- checking of the partition information on the disk
     94 	- creating and mounting the NetBSD filesystems
     95 	- setup of IP configuration
     96 	- extraction of the distribution tar files
     97 	- installation of boot programs
     98 
     99 
    100 Now try a reboot.  (If needed, swap your scsi id's first).  Initially
    101 I'd suggest you "boot sd()netbsd -bs", then try multiuser after that.
    102 if you boot single-user the NetBSD incantation to make the root
    103 filesystem writable is
    104 
    105     netbsd# mount -u /dev/sd0a /
    106 
    107 The Sun monitor normally tries to load a file called "vmunix". On
    108 OpenBOOT ROM systems you can change it to load NetBSD instead using
    109 the following commands:
    110 
    111 On version 1 OpenBOOT ROMs:
    112     >n
    113     ok setenv boot-from sd(0,0,0)netbsd
    114     ok
    115 
    116 On version 2 OpenBOOT ROMs:
    117     ok setenv boot-file netbsd
    118     ok setenv boot-device /sbus/esp/sd@0,0
    119 
    120 
    121 Congratulations, you have successfully installed NetBSD 1.0.  When you
    122 reboot into NetBSD, you should log in as "root" at the login prompt.
    123 There is no initial password, but if you're using the machine in a
    124 networked environment, you should create yourself an account and
    125 protect it and the "root" account with good passwords.
    126 
    127 Some of the files in the NetBSD 1.0 distribution might need to be
    128 tailored for your site.  In particular, the /etc/sendmail.cf file will
    129 almost definitely need to be adjusted, and other files in /etc will
    130 probably need to be modified.  If you are unfamiliar with UN*X-like
    131 system administration, it's recommended that you buy a book that
    132 discusses it.
    133 
    134 
    135 
    136 Installing from SunOS.
    137 
    138 You need a SunOS machine to install NetBSD.  You also need at
    139 least the following pieces:
    140 
    141     the *.tar.gz files you want to install (as a minimum, base.tar.gz)
    142     gzip (GNU gzip) SunOS binary
    143     gtar (GNU tar) SunOS binary
    144     the "install.sh" script
    145     a "/boot" file from a SunOS sun4c machine
    146     a kernel, most likely "/netbsd"
    147 
    148 All these pieces, except "/boot", are supplied in the NetBSD/sparc
    149 distribution.
    150 
    151 You need to format and partition the disk using SunOS (since
    152 NetBSD/sparc uses SunOS disk labels.)  Give yourself adequate
    153 partition sizes.  Here is an example layout:
    154 
    155     partition    size   offset	  will be..
    156     sd2a        28140        0	  /
    157     sd2b        16170    28140	  swap
    158     sd2c       204540        0	  `whole disk'
    159     sd2g       160230    44310	  /usr
    160 
    161 BTW, These are not recommended sizes.  They simply match the first
    162 (tiny) disk that NetBSD/sparc ran on.
    163 
    164 Use SunOS to newfs the partitions which will have filesystems on them.
    165 (NetBSD's filesystem format is identical to SunOS).
    166 
    167     sunos# newfs /dev/rsd2a
    168     [... lots of output]
    169     sunos# newfs /dev/rsd2g
    170     [... lots of output]
    171 
    172 NOTE: If you are able to, there is a performance benefit from
    173 newfs'ing using NetBSD.  If you newfs using the NetBSD newfs command,
    174 be sure to use the -O flag for your / partition, so that newfs will
    175 use the 4.3BSD filesystem format, rather than the new 4.4BSD filesystem
    176 format.  If you forget, you will not be able to boot -- the SunOS boot
    177 blocks do not understand the extended 4.4BSD filesystem format.
    178 
    179 Mount those partitions in a tree formation, under /mnt; ie:
    180 
    181     sunos# df
    182     Filesystem            kbytes    used   avail capacity  Mounted on
    183     [...]
    184     /dev/sd2a              11501       0   11501     0%    /mnt
    185     /dev/sd2g             179529       0  179529     0%    /mnt/usr
    186 
    187 Place a standard SunOS "/boot" program in /mnt (your new root
    188 partition), and use the SunOS command "installboot" to make it work.
    189 The installboot man page says to do something like this:
    190 
    191     sunos# cp /boot /mnt/boot
    192     sunos# /usr/mdec/installboot -vlt /mnt/boot /usr/mdec/bootsd /dev/rsd2a
    193 
    194 You can now extract the provided "*.tar.gz files onto your disk.  The
    195 provided script, "install.sh" will help you:
    196 
    197     sunos# ls -FC
    198     base.tar.gz      etc.tar.gz       man.tar.gz       secr.tar.gz
    199     comp.tar.gz      games.tar.gz     misc.tar.gz      text.tar.gz
    200     install.sh       netbsd.id3_scsi
    201     sunos# ./install.sh
    202     [...]
    203 
    204 This script NEEDS gzip and gtar (GNU gzip and GNU tar) on your
    205 execution path!  The tar files are in a "new format" that includes
    206 directory information, and SunOS tar will not read them.  Statically
    207 linked versions of these programs for SunOS are supplied in the
    208 distribution.
    209 
    210 After the files have been extracted, repair /mnt/etc/fstab to match
    211 your actual disk layout.  (Minus the "/mnt" component of each path, of
    212 course :-)
    213 
    214 Now proceed to reboot the machine as described above in "Installing
    215 using a diskless setup".
    216