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install revision 1.7
      1 Installing NetBSD is a relatively complex process, but if you have
      2 this document in hand it shouldn't be too much trouble.
      3 
      4 There are several ways to install NetBSD onto a disk. If your Sparcstation
      5 is hooked up in a network you can find find a server and arrange for a
      6 diskless setup which is a convenient way to install on a machine with
      7 a single disk attached. Alternatively, you could use SunOS (booted from
      8 a local disk) and install NetBSD onto a second disk. For the latter method,
      9 skip to the section "Installing from SunOS" below.
     10 
     11 
     12 Installing using a diskless setup.
     13 
     14 First, you must setup a diskless client configuration on a server. Consult
     15 your server installation documents on how to proceed with this.
     16 Put all the *.tar.gz files you want to install into the root directory
     17 for your client on the server.
     18 
     19 Next, unpack base.tar.gz on the server in the root directory for your machine.
     20 If you elect to you a separately NFS-mounted filesystem for `/usr' on your
     21 diskless setup, make sure the "./usr" base files in base.tar.gz end up
     22 in the correct location. One way to do this is to temporarily use a loopback
     23 mount on the server, re-routing <root>/usr to your server's exported
     24 NetBSD "/usr" directory. Also put the kernel into the root directory.
     25 
     26 A few configuration files need to be edited:
     27 
     28 	<root>/etc/hosts
     29 		Add the IP addresses of both server and client.
     30 
     31 	<root>/etc/myname
     32 		This files contains the client's hostname; use the same
     33 		name as in <root>/etc/hosts.
     34 
     35 	<root>/etc/fstab
     36 		Enter the entries for the remotely mounted filesystems.
     37 		For example:
     38 			server:/export/root/client       /     nfs  rw 0 0
     39 			server:/export/exec/sun4.netbsd  /usr  nfs  rw 0 0
     40 
     41 Now you must populate the the `/dev' directory for your client. If you server
     42 runs SunOS 4.x, you can simply change your working directory to `<root>/dev'
     43 and run the MAKEDEV script: `sh MAKEDEV all'.
     44 
     45 On SunOS 5.x systems, MAKEDEV can also be used, but there'll be error
     46 messages about unknown user and groups. These errors are inconsequential
     47 for the purpose of installing NetBSD. However, you may want to correct them
     48 if you plan to the diskless setup regularly. In that case, you may re-run
     49 MAKEDEV on your NetBSD machine once it has booted.
     50 
     51 Boot your workstation from the server by entering the appropriate `boot'
     52 command at the monitor prompt. Depending on the PROM version in your machine,
     53 this command takes one of the following forms:
     54 
     55 	> b le()netbsd -s		# for sun4 monitors
     56 	ok boot le()netbsd -s		# for version 1 OpenBOOT ROMs
     57 	ok boot net netbsd -s		# for version 2 OpenBOOT ROMs
     58 
     59 This will boot the NetBSD kernel in single-user mode.
     60 
     61 [[
     62 NOTE: the latter two examples assume you operate the OpenBOOT ROM in
     63 "new command mode". If your machine comes up and gives you a `>' prompt
     64 instead of `ok', type:
     65 
     66     >n					# enter native OpenBOOT mode
     67     ok setenv sunmon-compat? false	# make it permanent
     68     ok
     69 ]]
     70 
     71 If you use a diskless setup with a separately NFS-mounted /usr filesystem,
     72 mount /usr by hand now:
     73 
     74 netbsd# mount /usr
     75 
     76 At this point, it's worth checking the disk label and partition sizes on
     77 the disk you want to install NetBSD onto. NetBSD understands SunOS-style
     78 disklabels, so if your disk was previously used by SunOS there will be
     79 a usable label on it. Use `disklabel -e <disk>' (where <disk> is the
     80 device name assigned by the NetBSD kernel, e.g. `sd0') to view and
     81 modify the partition sizes. A comfortable size for the root filesystem
     82 partition is about 20MB; a good initial size for the swap partition is
     83 twice the amount of physical memory in your machine (though, unlike
     84 SunOS 4.x, there are no restrictions on the size of the swap partition
     85 that would render part of your memory unusable). A full binary installation
     86 takes about 60MB in `/usr'. Make all your partitions start and end on
     87 cylinder boundaries.
     88 
     89 NOTE: if you are installing on a SCSI disk that does *not* have a SunOS
     90 or NetBSD label on it, you may still be able to use disklabel(8) but you'll
     91 have to create all partitions from scratch. If your disk is listed in
     92 `/etc/disktab', you may use the entry (which in most cases only defines
     93 a `c' partition to describe the whole disk) to put an initial label on
     94 the disk.
     95 
     96 
     97 If you are upgrading a NetBSD installation, start the upgrade script:
     98 
     99 #netbsd ./upgrade.sh
    100 
    101 else, start the installation procedure:
    102 
    103 netbsd# ./install.sh
    104 
    105 
    106 These scripts will do most of the work of transferring the system from the
    107 tar files onto your disk. You will frequently be asked for confirmation
    108 before the script proceeds with each phase of the installation process.
    109 Occasionally, you'll have to provide a piece of information such as the
    110 name of the disk you want to install on or IP addresses and domain names
    111 you want to assign.
    112 
    113 The installation script goes through the following phases:
    114 
    115 	- determination of the disk to install NetBSD on
    116 	- checking of the partition information on the disk
    117 	- creating and mounting the NetBSD filesystems
    118 	- setup of IP configuration
    119 	- extraction of the distribution tar files
    120 	- installation of boot programs
    121 
    122 
    123 Now try a reboot.  (If needed, swap your scsi id's first).  Initially
    124 I'd suggest you "boot sd()netbsd -bs", then try multiuser after that.
    125 if you boot single-user the NetBSD incantation to make the root
    126 filesystem writable is
    127 
    128     netbsd# mount -u /dev/sd0a /
    129 
    130 The Sun monitor normally tries to load a file called "vmunix". On
    131 OpenBOOT ROM systems you can change it to load NetBSD instead using
    132 the following commands:
    133 
    134 On version 1 OpenBOOT ROMs:
    135     >n
    136     ok setenv boot-from sd(0,0,0)netbsd
    137     ok
    138 
    139 On version 2 OpenBOOT ROMs:
    140     ok setenv boot-file netbsd
    141     ok setenv boot-device /sbus/esp/sd@0,0
    142 
    143 
    144 Congratulations, you have successfully installed NetBSD 1.0.  When you
    145 reboot into NetBSD, you should log in as "root" at the login prompt.
    146 There is no initial password, but if you're using the machine in a
    147 networked environment, you should create yourself an account and
    148 protect it and the "root" account with good passwords.
    149 
    150 Some of the files in the NetBSD 1.0 distribution might need to be
    151 tailored for your site.  In particular, the /etc/sendmail.cf file will
    152 almost definitely need to be adjusted, and other files in /etc will
    153 probably need to be modified.  If you are unfamiliar with UN*X-like
    154 system administration, it's recommended that you buy a book that
    155 discusses it.
    156 
    157 
    158 
    159 Installing from SunOS.
    160 
    161 You need a SunOS machine to install NetBSD.  You also need at
    162 least the following pieces:
    163 
    164     the *.tar.gz files you want to install (as a minimum, base.tar.gz)
    165     gzip (GNU gzip) SunOS binary
    166     gtar (GNU tar) SunOS binary
    167     the "install.sh" script
    168     a "/boot" file from a SunOS sun4c machine
    169     a kernel, most likely "/netbsd"
    170 
    171 All these pieces, except "/boot", are supplied in the NetBSD/sparc
    172 distribution.
    173 
    174 You need to format and partition the disk using SunOS (since
    175 NetBSD/sparc uses SunOS disk labels.)  Give yourself adequate
    176 partition sizes.  Here is an example layout:
    177 
    178     partition    size   offset	  will be..
    179     sd2a        28140        0	  /
    180     sd2b        16170    28140	  swap
    181     sd2c       204540        0	  `whole disk'
    182     sd2g       160230    44310	  /usr
    183 
    184 BTW, These are not recommended sizes.  They simply match the first
    185 (tiny) disk that NetBSD/sparc ran on.
    186 
    187 Use SunOS to newfs the partitions which will have filesystems on them.
    188 (NetBSD's filesystem format is identical to SunOS).
    189 
    190     sunos# newfs /dev/rsd2a
    191     [... lots of output]
    192     sunos# newfs /dev/rsd2g
    193     [... lots of output]
    194 
    195 NOTE: If you are able to, there is a performance benefit from
    196 newfs'ing using NetBSD.  If you newfs using the NetBSD newfs command,
    197 be sure to use the -O flag for your / partition, so that newfs will
    198 use the 4.3BSD filesystem format, rather than the new 4.4BSD filesystem
    199 format.  If you forget, you will not be able to boot -- the SunOS boot
    200 blocks do not understand the extended 4.4BSD filesystem format.
    201 
    202 Mount those partitions in a tree formation, under /mnt; ie:
    203 
    204     sunos# df
    205     Filesystem            kbytes    used   avail capacity  Mounted on
    206     [...]
    207     /dev/sd2a              11501       0   11501     0%    /mnt
    208     /dev/sd2g             179529       0  179529     0%    /mnt/usr
    209 
    210 Place a standard SunOS "/boot" program in /mnt (your new root
    211 partition), and use the SunOS command "installboot" to make it work.
    212 The installboot man page says to do something like this:
    213 
    214     sunos# cp /boot /mnt/boot
    215     sunos# /usr/mdec/installboot -vlt /mnt/boot /usr/mdec/bootsd /dev/rsd2a
    216 
    217 You can now extract the provided "*.tar.gz files onto your disk.  The
    218 provided script, "install.sh" will help you:
    219 
    220     sunos# ls -FC
    221     base.tar.gz      etc.tar.gz       man.tar.gz       secr.tar.gz
    222     comp.tar.gz      games.tar.gz     misc.tar.gz      text.tar.gz
    223     install.sh       netbsd.id3_scsi
    224     sunos# ./install.sh
    225     [...]
    226 
    227 This script NEEDS gzip and gtar (GNU gzip and GNU tar) on your
    228 execution path!  The tar files are in a "new format" that includes
    229 directory information, and SunOS tar will not read them.  Statically
    230 linked versions of these programs for SunOS are supplied in the
    231 distribution.
    232 
    233 After the files have been extracted, repair /mnt/etc/fstab to match
    234 your actual disk layout.  (Minus the "/mnt" component of each path, of
    235 course :-)
    236 
    237 Now proceed to reboot the machine as described above in "Installing
    238 using a diskless setup".
    239