xref: /src/distrib/utils/embedded/mkimage

#!/bin/sh
# $NetBSD: mkimage,v 1.82.2.1 2025/08/02 05:20:40 perseant Exp $
#
# Copyright (c) 2013, 2014 The NetBSD Foundation, Inc.
# All rights reserved.
#
# This code is derived from software contributed to The NetBSD Foundation
# by Christos Zoulas.
#
# Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
# modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
# are met:
# 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
#    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
# 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
#    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
#    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
# 3. Neither the name of The NetBSD Foundation nor the names of its
#    contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived
#    from this software without specific prior written permission.
#
# THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE NETBSD FOUNDATION, INC. AND CONTRIBUTORS
# ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED
# TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR
# PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE FOUNDATION OR CONTRIBUTORS
# BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR
# CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF
# SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS
# INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN
# CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE)
# ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
# POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
#

#
# Makes a bootable image for the host architecture given.
# The host-specific functions are pulled in from a /bin/sh script in the
# "conf" directory, which is expected to provide the following shell
# functions, which are called in the following order:
#
#  - make_fstab: Creates the host's /etc/fstab with / on ${rootdev}.
#    If -m is given, a number of directories are put on a tmpfs RAM disk
#  - customize: After unpacking the sets, this gets the system to
#    a working state, e.g., by setting up /etc/rc.conf and /dev
#  - populate: Add common goods like kernel and bootloader
#  - make_label: Prints disklabel to stdout
#

set -e

DIR="$(cd "$(dirname "$0")" && pwd)"
PROG="$(basename "$0")"

MAKE=${TOOL_MAKE:-make}
DISKLABEL=${TOOL_DISKLABEL:-disklabel}
FDISK=${TOOL_FDISK:-fdisk}
GPT=${TOOL_GPT:-gpt}
MAKEFS=${TOOL_MAKEFS:-makefs}
MTREE=${TOOL_MTREE:-mtree}
INSTALLBOOT=${TOOL_INSTALLBOOT:-installboot}
MKUBOOTIMAGE=${TOOL_MKUBOOTIMAGE:-mkubootimage}
GZIP_CMD=${TOOL_GZIP:-gzip} # ${GZIP} is special to gzip(1)
SED=${TOOL_SED:-sed}
PWD_MKDB=${TOOL_PWD_MKDB:-pwd_mkdb}

postfix=false
[ "${MKPOSTFIX:-yes}" = no ] || postfix=true

src="/usr/src"
sets="base comp etc games gpufw man manhtml misc modules rescue tests text"
xsets="xbase xcomp xetc xfont xserver"
minfree="10%"
bar="==="

tmp="$(mktemp -d "${TMPDIR:-/tmp}/$PROG.XXXXXX")"
mnt="${tmp}/mnt"
mkdir -p "${mnt}/etc" "${mnt}/dev"

trap "cleanup" 0 1 2 3 15

cleanup() {
	case "$tmp" in
	"${TMPDIR:-/tmp}/$PROG."*)	rm -fr "$tmp";;
	esac
}

fail() {
	IFS=' '
	echo >&2 "${PROG}: $*"
	exit 1
}

getsize() {
	set -- $(ls -l $1)
	echo $5
}

getsectors() {
	case "$1" in
	*g)
		m=1073741824
		v=${1%g}
		;;
	*m)
		m=1048576
		v=${1%m}
		;;
	*k)
		m=1024
		v=${1%k}
		;;
	*[0-9b])
		m=1
		v=${1%b}
		;;
	esac
	echo $((m * v / 512))
}

minwrites_fstab_entries() {
	$minwrites || return 0
	cat << EOF
tmpfs		/var/log		tmpfs	rw,union,-s32M
tmpfs		/var/run		tmpfs	rw,union,-s1M
tmpfs		/var/mail		tmpfs	rw,union,-s10M
tmpfs		/var/chroot		tmpfs	rw,union,-s10M
EOF
	if $postfix; then
	cat << EOF
tmpfs		/var/spool/postfix	tmpfs	rw,union,-s20M
tmpfs		/var/db/postfix		tmpfs	rw,union,-s1M
EOF
	fi
}

make_fstab_gpt() {
	local boot=$1
	local rootopts=
	if $minwrites; then
		rootopts=,log,nodevmtime
	fi

	cat > ${mnt}/etc/fstab << EOF
# NetBSD /etc/fstab
# See /usr/share/examples/fstab/ for more examples.
NAME=${gpt_label_ffs:-netbsd-root}	/		ffs	rw,noatime${rootopts}	1 1
NAME=${gpt_label_boot:-$boot}		/boot		msdos	rw	1 1
ptyfs		/dev/pts	ptyfs	rw
procfs		/proc		procfs	rw
tmpfs		/var/shm	tmpfs	rw,-m1777,-sram%25
EOF
	minwrites_fstab_entries >> ${mnt}/etc/fstab
}

# From Richard Neswold's:
# http://rich-tbp.blogspot.com/2013/03/netbsd-on-rpi-minimizing-disk-writes.html
# Also for the postfix stuff below
make_fstab_normal() {
	local rootopts=
	if $minwrites; then
		rootopts=,nodevmtime
	fi
	cat > ${mnt}/etc/fstab << EOF
# NetBSD /etc/fstab
# See /usr/share/examples/fstab/ for more examples.
ROOT.a		/			ffs	rw,noatime${rootopts}	1 1
ROOT.e		/boot			msdos	rw				1 1
ptyfs		/dev/pts		ptyfs	rw
procfs		/proc			procfs	rw
tmpfs		/tmp			tmpfs	rw,-s32M
tmpfs		/var/shm		tmpfs	rw,-m1777,-sram%25
EOF
	minwrites_fstab_entries >> ${mnt}/etc/fstab
}

make_fstab_default() {
	if $gpt; then
		make_fstab_gpt "$@"
	else
		make_fstab_normal
	fi
	echo "./etc/fstab type=file uname=root gname=wheel mode=0644" \
	    >> "$tmp/selected_sets"

	# Missing mount points from fstab
	echo "./proc type=dir uname=root gname=wheel mode=0755" \
	    >> "$tmp/selected_sets"
}

usage() {
	cat << EOF 1>&2
Usage: $PROG -h <host-arch> [-bdmx] [-B <byte-order>] [-K <kerneldir>] [-S <srcdir>] [-D <destdir>] [-c <custom-files-dir>] [-s <Mb size>] [<image>]

-b	Boot only, no sets loaded
-r	root device kind (sd, wd, ld)
-d	Add the debug sets
-m	Optimize the OS installation to mimimize disk writes for SSDs
-x	Load the X sets too, not just the base ones
EOF
	exit 1
}

# First pass for options to get the host and src directories
OPTS="B:D:K:S:bc:dh:mr:s:x"
while getopts "$OPTS" f
do
	case $f in
	h)	h="$OPTARG";;
	S)	src="$OPTARG";;
	*)	;;
	esac
done

if [ -z "$h" ]
then
	usage
fi

if [ ! -f "${DIR}/conf/${h}.conf" ]
then
	echo $PROG: ${DIR}/conf/${h}.conf is not present 1>&2
	exit 1
fi

resize=false
gpt=false
gpt_hybrid=false
fsize=8192
bsize=65536
ffsversion=1

. "${DIR}/conf/${h}.conf"
release="/usr/obj/${MACHINE}/release"

selected_sets="$sets"
dsets_p=false
xsets_p=false
minwrites=false
rootdev=ld
endian=

OPTIND=1
while getopts "$OPTS" f
do
	case $f in
	B)	endian="-B $OPTARG";;
	D)	release="$OPTARG";;
	K)	kernel="$OPTARG";;
	S)	;;
	b)	bootonly=true;;
	d)	dsets_p=true
		selected_sets="$selected_sets debug"
		if $xsets_p; then
			selected_sets="$selected_sets xdebug"
		fi
		;;
	c)	custom="$OPTARG";;
	h)	;;
	m)	minwrites=true;;
	r)	rootdev="$OPTARG";;
	s)	size="$OPTARG";;
	x)	xsets_p=true
		selected_sets="$selected_sets $xsets"
		if $dsets_p; then
		    selected_sets="$selected_sets xdebug"
		fi
		;;
	*)	usage;;
	esac
done
if [ -n "${MKREPRO_TIMESTAMP}" ]; then
	timestamp_opt="-T ${MKREPRO_TIMESTAMP}"
	volume_opt=",volume_id=$((${MKREPRO_TIMESTAMP} & 0xffff))"
fi

shift $(( $OPTIND - 1 ))
if [ -n "$1" ]; then
	# take the next argument as being the image name
	image="$1"
	shift
fi

case "$image" in
*.gz)	compress=true; image="${image%.gz}";;
*)	compress=false;;
esac

if [ -z "${bootonly}" ]; then
	echo ${bar} configuring sets ${bar}
	(cat "${release}/etc/mtree/NetBSD.dist"
	for i in $selected_sets; do
		s="${release}/etc/mtree/set.$i"
		if [ -f "$s" ]; then
			cat "$s"
		fi
	done) > "$tmp/selected_sets"
fi

make_fstab
customize
populate

if [ ! "${MKDTB}" = "no" ]; then
	#
	# Part of the dtb set resides on the FAT partition (/boot/dtb/*), and
	# the rest on FFS. Split it up here.
	#
	echo ${bar} Installing devicetree blobs ${bar}
	mkdir -p "${mnt}/boot"
	cp -r "${release}/boot/dtb" "${mnt}/boot/dtb"

	mkdir -p "${mnt}/etc/mtree"
	cp "${release}/etc/mtree/set.dtb" "${mnt}/etc/mtree/set.dtb"
	echo "./etc/mtree/set.dtb type=file uname=root gname=wheel mode=0444" >> "$tmp/selected_sets"

	mkdir -p "${mnt}/var/db/obsolete"
	cp "${release}/var/db/obsolete/dtb" "${mnt}/var/db/obsolete/dtb"
	echo "./var/db/obsolete/dtb type=file uname=root gname=wheel mode=0644" >>"$tmp/selected_sets"
fi

if [ -n "${msdosid}" ]; then
	echo ${bar} Populating msdos filesystem ${bar}

	case $(( ${msdosid} )) in
	1)	fat_opt=",fat_type=12";;
	4|6|14)	fat_opt=",fat_type=16";;
	11|12)	fat_opt=",fat_type=32";;
	*)	fat_opt=;;
	esac
	${MAKEFS} -N ${release}/etc -t msdos \
	    -o "volume_label=NETBSD${fat_opt}${volume_opt}" ${timestamp_opt} \
	    -O $((${init} / 2))m -s $((${boot} / 2))m \
	    ${image} ${mnt}/boot
fi

if [ -z "${bootonly}" ]; then
	echo ${bar} Populating ffs filesystem ${bar}
	${MAKEFS} -rx ${endian} -N ${release}/etc -t ffs \
	    -O ${ffsoffset} ${timestamp_opt} \
	    -o d=4096,f=${fsize},b=${bsize},v=${ffsversion} -b $((${extra}))m \
	    -F "$tmp/selected_sets" ${image} "${release}" "${mnt}"
fi

if [ "${size}" = 0 ]; then
	size="$(getsize "${image}")"
	# Round up to a multiple of 4m and add 1m of slop.
	alignunit=$((4*1024*1024))
	alignsize=$((alignunit*((size + alignunit - 1)/alignunit)))
	alignsize=$((alignsize + 1024*1024))
	if [ "${size}" -lt "${alignsize}" ]; then
		dd bs=1 count="$((alignsize - size))" if=/dev/zero \
			>> "${image}" 2> /dev/null
		size="${alignsize}"
	fi
fi

if $gpt; then
	if $gpt_hybrid; then
		gpt_flags="-H"
	fi
	gpt_flags="${gpt_flags} ${timestamp_opt}"
	initsecs=$((${init} * 1024))
	bootsecs=$((${boot} * 1024))
	ffsstart="$(getsectors ${ffsoffset})"

	echo ${bar} Clearing existing partitions ${bar}
	${GPT} ${gpt_flags} ${image} destroy || true

	echo ${bar} Creating partitions ${bar}
	${GPT} ${gpt_flags} ${image} create ${gpt_create_flags}
	${GPT} ${gpt_flags} ${image} add -b ${initsecs} -s ${bootsecs} -l ${gpt_label_boot:-EFI} -t ${gpt_boot_type:-efi}
	${GPT} ${gpt_flags} ${image} set -a required -i 1
	${GPT} ${gpt_flags} ${image} add -a 4m -b ${ffsstart} -l ${gpt_label_ffs:-netbsd-root} -t ffs
	${GPT} ${gpt_flags} ${image} show
	if $gpt_hybrid; then
		echo ${bar} Creating hybrid MBR ${bar}
		${FDISK} -f -g -u -0 -a -s ${msdosid}/${initsecs}/${bootsecs} -F ${image}
		${FDISK} -f -g -u -3 -s 238/1/$((${initsecs} - 1)) -F ${image}
		${FDISK} -F ${image}
	fi
else
	if [ -n "${msdosid}" ]; then
		echo ${bar} Running fdisk ${bar}
		initsecs=$((${init} * 1024))
		bootsecs=$((${boot} * 1024))
		${FDISK} -f -i ${image}
		${FDISK} -f -a -u -0 -s ${msdosid}/${initsecs}/${bootsecs} -F ${image}
		if [ -z "${bootonly}" ]; then
			ffsstart="$(getsectors ${ffsoffset})"
			imagesize="$(getsize "${image}")"
			imagesecs="$(getsectors ${imagesize})"
			ffssize="$(expr ${imagesecs} - ${ffsstart})"
			${FDISK} -f -u -1 -s 169/${ffsstart}/${ffssize} -F ${image}
		fi

		echo ${bar} Adding label ${bar}
		make_label > ${tmp}/label
		${DISKLABEL} -m -R -F ${image} ${tmp}/label
	elif [ -n "${netbsdid}" ]; then
		echo ${bar} Adding label ${bar}
		make_label > ${tmp}/label
		${DISKLABEL} -m -R -F ${image} ${tmp}/label

		echo ${bar} Running fdisk ${bar}
		${FDISK} -f -i ${image}
		${FDISK} -f -a -u -0 -s 169/${init} ${image}
		${INSTALLBOOT} -f -v ${image} ${release}/usr/mdec/bootxx_ffsv1
	fi
fi

if $compress; then
	echo ${bar} Compressing image ${bar}
	rm -f "${image}.gz"
	${GZIP_CMD} -n -9 ${image}
	image="${image}.gz"
fi

cd "${IMAGEDIR}"
${CKSUM} -a MD5 "$(basename "${image}")" > MD5
${CKSUM} -a SHA512 "$(basename "${image}")" > SHA512

echo ${bar} Image is ${image} ${bar}