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HACKS revision 1.169
      1 # $NetBSD: HACKS,v 1.169 2016/06/15 02:12:14 mrg Exp $
      2 #
      3 # This file is intended to document workarounds for currently unsolved
      4 # (mostly) compiler bugs.
      5 #
      6 # Format:
      7 #   hack		title
      8 #   cdate		creation date
      9 #   mdate		mod date
     10 #   who			responsible developer
     11 #   port		...
     12 #  	  affected ports, space separated, if not "all"
     13 #   file		affected file : revision : line from : line to
     14 #  	  affected files and revision and line numbers describing hack
     15 #  	  multiple lines if necessary.
     16 #   pr			NNNN ...
     17 #  	  problem reports this hack works around, if known. Space
     18 #  	  separated.
     19 #   regress		src/regress/directory/where/test/found
     20 #  	  regression test directories, if available.
     21 #   descr
     22 #  	  insert short informal description (multi-line). (Longer ones
     23 #  	  should be in the PR database. More formal descriptions might
     24 #  	  be in the regress tree. See above).
     25 #   kcah
     26 #  	  closing bracket.
     27 #
     28 # this is a comment.
     29 
     30 hack	gcc-5.3 optimizes memset+malloc -> calloc inside calloc
     31 mdate	4 May 2016
     32 who	christos
     33 file	external/gpl2/lib/libmalloc/lib/Makefile 1.3 -> 1.5
     34 descr
     35 	resulting in infinite recursion; we prevent this with
     36 	-fno-builtin-malloc
     37 kcah
     38 
     39 hack	turn off tree-vrp for parts of ufs_lookup.c
     40 mdate	28 April 2016
     41 who	mrg christos
     42 file	src/sys/ufs/ufs/ufs_lookup.c : 1.144
     43 pr	51094
     44 descr
     45 	with -ftree-vrp enabled in ufs_lookup.c sometimes bad dir
     46 	panicks are see.
     47 hcah
     48 
     49 hack	netstat ieee1394 address printing.
     50 mdate	14 Nov 2000
     51 who	matt
     52 file	lib/libc/net/getnameinfo.c	: 1.32 : 497 : 503
     53 descr
     54 	Because the current implementation of IP over IEEE1394, the
     55 	fw device address contains more than just the IEEE1394 EUI-64.
     56 	So when printing out IEEE1394 addresses, ignore the extra stuff.
     57 kcah
     58 
     59 hack	xterm vs. libterm
     60 mdate	01 Aug 2000
     61 who	jdc
     62 file	xsrc/xc/programs/xterm/main.c	: 1.2 : 3609 : 3614
     63 pr	10383
     64 descr
     65 	In order to extend the termcap string over 1023 bytes, a ZZ entry was
     66 	introduced to point to a memory location containing the full entry.
     67 	Without this hack, xterm will export a termcap containing the ZZ
     68 	entry, which will then be ignored by libterm.  As xterm modifies the
     69 	exported termcap, this would cause those modifications to be ignored.
     70 kcah
     71 
     72 hack	wi-at-big-endian-bus
     73 cdate	15 Mar 2002
     74 who	martin
     75 file	dev/ic/wireg.h
     76 descr	Add an option to access the underlying bus in big endian byte order
     77 	to work around deficiencies in bus_space_{read,write}_* macros.
     78 	Those don't allow the implementation of a proper pcmcia bus space
     79 	tag.
     80 kcah
     81 
     82 hack	specific knowledge of colours in curses code
     83 cdate	Sun Apr  6 11:05:24 BST 2003
     84 who	jdc
     85 file	lib/libcurses/color.c : r1.24
     86 descr
     87 	Swap red/blue and yellow/cyan colours for COLOR_OTHER.
     88 	Fix is to enhance libtermcap to understand terminfo-style % sequences.
     89 	See also:
     90 	    http://mail-index.NetBSD.org/tech-userlevel/2003/04/06/0000.html
     91 kcah
     92 
     93 hack	Compensation for differing types of LINUX_USRSTACK and USRSTACK
     94 cdate	21 Aug 2003
     95 who	he
     96 file	sys/miscfs/procfs/procfs_linux.c : 1.14
     97 descr
     98 	Not all ports have LINUX_USRSTACK and/or USRSTACK defined as
     99 	literals/constants, but refer to variables of a type which is
    100 	not "unsigned long", causing compilation of procfs_linux.c to
    101 	fail with "makes integer from pointer without a cast".  This
    102 	is observed on e.g. the sun3 port.  Ideally the "types" for
    103 	symbols should be consistent across all ports.
    104 kcah
    105 
    106 hack	gcc-strict-aliasing
    107 cdate	6 August 2004
    108 who	junyoung
    109 pr	26516
    110 file	src/usr.sbin/racoon/racoon/Makefile : 1.21
    111 descr
    112 	GCC issues a warning "dereferencing type-punned pointer will break
    113 	strict-aliasing rules" when compiling
    114 	crypto/dist/kame/racoon/crypto/openssl.c with -O[23s]. Note that this
    115 	is due to use of type casting in a non-standard way in the code and
    116 	not a compiler bug. Once a new release of KAME with a proper fix
    117 	applied is imported this should be backed out.
    118 kcah
    119 
    120 hack	gcc4 wrong uninitialized variable
    121 mdate	10 May 2006
    122 who	mrg
    123 file	bin/ksh/eval.c			: 1.6
    124 file	bin/sh/histedit.c		: 1.39
    125 file	bin/sh/parser.c			: 1.60
    126 file	crypto/dist/heimdal/kdc/524.c	: 1.10
    127 file	crypto/dist/ssh/sftp.c		: 1.20
    128 file	crypto/dist/ssh/ssh-keysign.c	: 1.11
    129 file	dist/ipf/lib/hostname.c		: 1.2
    130 file	dist/ipf/tools/ipmon.c		: 1.8
    131 file	dist/ntp/ntpd/ntp_request.c	: 1.4
    132 file	dist/ntp/ntpd/refclock_shm.c	: 1.4
    133 file	dist/ntp/sntp/timing.c		: 1.3
    134 file	dist/pppd/pppstats/pppstats.c	: 1.3
    135 file	dist/smbfs/lib/smb/rap.c	: 1.6
    136 file	dist/tcpdump/print-zephyr.c	: 1.5
    137 file	distrib/utils/sysinst/aout2elf.c : 1.12
    138 file	gnu/libexec/uucp/uucico/uucico.c : 1.6
    139 file	lib/libc/citrus/citrus_csmapper.c : 1.6
    140 file	lib/libc/citrus/citrus_pivot_factory.c : 1.5
    141 file	lib/libc/inet/inet_cidr_ntop.c	: 1.3
    142 file	lib/libc/inet/inet_ntop.c	: 1.3
    143 file	lib/libc/stdio/vfwprintf.c	: 1.8
    144 file	libexec/ld.elf_so/arch/m68k/mdreloc.c : 1.20
    145 file	libexec/ld.elf_so/arch/powerpc/ppc_reloc.c : 1.40
    146 file	libexec/ld.elf_so/arch/sh3/mdreloc.c : 1.22
    147 file	libexec/ld.elf_so/arch/sparc/mdreloc.c : 1.39
    148 file	libexec/ld.elf_so/arch/sparc64/mdreloc.c : 1.39
    149 file	libexec/ld.elf_so/arch/vax/mdreloc.c	: 1.21
    150 file	libexec/ld.elf_so/arch/x86_64/mdreloc.c	: 1.27
    151 file	sbin/fsck_ext2fs/dir.c		: 1.19
    152 file	sbin/routed/rtquery/rtquery.c	: 1.18
    153 file	sys/arch/amd64/amd64/pmap.c	: 1.26
    154 file	sys/arch/i386/pci/piixpcib.c	: 1.4
    155 file	sys/arch/m68k/m68k/pmap_motorola.c	: 1.4
    156 file	sys/crypto/cast128/cast128.c	: 1.9
    157 file	sys/ddb/db_command.c		: 1.86
    158 file	sys/dev/cardbus/cardbus_map.c	: 1.21
    159 file	sys/dev/fss.c			: 1.25
    160 file	sys/dev/ic/igsfb.c		: 1.39
    161 file	sys/dev/ic/mb86950.c		: 1.5
    162 file	sys/dev/ic/midway.c		: 1.71
    163 file	sys/dev/kttcp.c			: 1.18
    164 file	sys/dev/rasops/rasops_bitops.h	: 1.9
    165 file	sys/dev/pci/cmpci.c		: 1.31
    166 file	sys/dev/pci/machfb.c		: 1.45
    167 file	sys/dev/usb/ohci.c		: 1.174
    168 file	sys/dev/usb/uhci.c		: 1.196
    169 file	sys/dev/rasops/rasops_bitops.h	: 1.9
    170 file	sys/dist/ipf/netinet/ip_nat.c	: 1.10
    171 file	sys/dist/ipf/netinet/ip_rpcb_pxy.c : 1.8
    172 file	sys/dist/pf/net/pf.c		: 1.22
    173 file	sys/fs/udf/udf_vnops.c		: 1.4
    174 file	sys/kern/kern_sig.c		: 1.219
    175 file	sys/kern/tty.c			: 1.181
    176 file	sys/net/bpf.c			: 1.116
    177 file	sys/net/zlib.c			: 1.26
    178 file	sys/netccitt/if_x25subr.c	: 1.37
    179 file	sys/netinet/in.c		: 1.107
    180 file	sys/netsmb/smb_smb.c		: 1.27
    181 file	sys/netsmb/smb_trantcp.c	: 1.22
    182 file	sys/nfs/nfs_serv.c		: 1.108
    183 file	sys/nfs/nfs_socket.c		: 1.129
    184 file	sys/nfs/nfs_syscalls.c		: 1.91
    185 file	sys/ufs/lfs/lfs_vfsops.c	: 1.207 [also (char *)]
    186 file	usr.bin/ftp/ftp.c		: 1.140
    187 file	usr.bin/find/function.c		: 1.54
    188 file	usr.bin/mail/tty.c		: 1.20
    189 file	usr.bin/msgc/msg_sys.def	: 1.33-1.34
    190 file	usr.bin/nl/nl.c			: 1.7
    191 file	usr.bin/systat/keyboard.c	: 1.23
    192 file	usr.bin/usbhidctl/usbhid.c	: 1.29
    193 file	usr.bin/vi/cl/cl_read.c		: 1.5
    194 file	usr.bin/vi/ex/ex_cscope.c	: 1.12
    195 file	usr.bin/vi/ex/ex_tag.c		: 1.19
    196 file	usr.bin/vi/vi/v_txt.c		: 1.15
    197 file	usr.sbin/altq/altqstat/qdisc_rio.c : 1.4
    198 file	usr.sbin/cron/do_command.c	: 1.19
    199 file	usr.sbin/timed/timed/slave.c	: 1.15
    200 descr
    201 	GCC 4.1 gets many uninitialised variable warnings wrong.  We should
    202 	really audit all the old hacks like this when older compilers are
    203 	removed from the tree, as many are probably no longer required.
    204 	The problem is that it does not recognize initialization via function
    205 	call pointer. I.e.
    206 		int p;
    207 		foo(&p);
    208 	does not mark p as initialized.
    209 kcah
    210 
    211 hack	gcc4 pointer sign and strict aliasing problems
    212 mdate	10 May 2006
    213 who	mrg
    214 file	bin/ed/Makefile			: 1.33
    215 file	distrib/utils/sysinst/Makefile.inc : 1.44
    216 file	distrib/utils/x_dhclient/Makefile : 1.15
    217 file	games/bcd/Makefile		: 1.5
    218 file	games/dab/Makefile		: 1.5
    219 file	games/larn/Makefile		: 1.17
    220 file	games/pom/Makefile		: 1.5
    221 file	lib/libasn1/Makefile		: 1.26
    222 file	lib/libcrypt/Makefile		: 1.17
    223 file	lib/libgssapi/Makefile		: 1.16
    224 file	lib/libhdb/Makefile		: 1.20
    225 file	lib/libkadm5clnt/Makefile	: 1.21
    226 file	lib/libkadm5srv/Makefile	: 1.25
    227 file	lib/libkrb5/Makefile		: 1.35
    228 file	lib/libssh/Makefile		: 1.6
    229 file	lib/libtelnet/Makefile		: 1.26
    230 file	libexec/getty/Makefile		: 1.14
    231 file	libexec/kadmind/Makefile	: 1.19
    232 file	libexec/kpasswdd/Makefile	: 1.14
    233 file	sbin/atactl/Makefile		: 1.3
    234 file	sbin/cgdconfig/Makefile		: 1.7
    235 file	sbin/clri/Makefile		: 1.13
    236 file	sbin/dkctl/Makefile		: 1.4
    237 file	sbin/dump/Makefile		: 1.33
    238 file	sbin/fdisk/Makefile		: 1.35
    239 file	sbin/fsck_ext2fs/Makefile	: 1.11
    240 file	sbin/fsck_ffs/Makefile		: 1.29
    241 file	sbin/fsdb/Makefile		: 1.18
    242 file	sbin/mount_smbfs/Makefile	: 1.4
    243 file	sbin/newfs/Makefile		: 1.30
    244 file	sbin/newfs_sysvbfs/Makefile	: 1.2
    245 file	sbin/restore/Makefile		: 1.23
    246 file	sbin/veriexecctl/Makefile	: 1.11
    247 file	sys/lib/libsa/Makefile		: 1.59
    248 file	sys/arch/evbarm/adi_brh/brh_machdep.c : 1.24
    249 file	usr.bin/awk/Makefile		: 1.9
    250 file	usr.bin/crontab/Makefile	: 1.24
    251 file	usr.bin/ctags/Makefile		: 1.8
    252 file	usr.bin/gzip/Makefile		: 1.10
    253 file	usr.bin/ssh/sftp/Makefile	: 1.10
    254 file	usr.bin/ssh/ssh/Makefile	: 1.25
    255 file	usr.bin/vi/build/Makefile	: 1.26
    256 file	usr.bin/telnet/Makefile		: 1.40
    257 file	usr.bin/tn3270/tn3270/Makefile	: 1.36
    258 file	usr.bin/tr/Makefile		: 1.4
    259 file	usr.sbin/amd/amd/Makefile	: 1.27
    260 file	usr.sbin/amd/amq/Makefile	: 1.14
    261 file	usr.sbin/amd/libamu/Makefile	: 1.20
    262 file	usr.sbin/amd/pawd/Makefile	: 1.5
    263 file	usr.sbin/bind/Makefile.inc	: 1.22
    264 file	usr.sbin/bind/libdns/Makefile	: 1.3
    265 file	usr.sbin/bind/named/Makefile	: 1.17
    266 file	usr.sbin/bootp/bootptest/Makefile : 1.2
    267 file	usr.sbin/chrtbl/Makefile	: 1.6
    268 file	usr.sbin/cron/Makefile		: 1.12
    269 file	usr.sbin/dhcp/Makefile.inc	: 1.20
    270 file	usr.sbin/dumplfs/Makefile	: 1.11
    271 file	usr.sbin/hprop/Makefile		: 1.13
    272 file	usr.sbin/installboot/Makefile	: 1.35
    273 file	usr.sbin/ipf/ipftest/Makefile	: 1.32
    274 file	usr.sbin/isdn/isdnd/Makefile	: 1.6
    275 file	usr.sbin/isdn/isdnmonitor/Makefile : 1.3
    276 file	usr.sbin/isdn/isdntel/Makefile	: 1.2
    277 file	usr.sbin/isdn/isdntrace/Makefile : 126
    278 file	usr.sbin/mopd/common/Makefile	: 1.10
    279 file	usr.sbin/mopd/mopd/Makefile	: 1.9
    280 file	usr.sbin/mopd/mopprobe/Makefile	: 1.7
    281 file	usr.sbin/makefs/Makefile	: 1.17
    282 file	usr.sbin/mscdlabel/Makefile	: 1.5
    283 file	usr.sbin/pkg_install/add/Makefile : 1.7
    284 file	usr.sbin/pkg_install/create/Makefile : 1.5
    285 file	usr.sbin/pkg_install/lib/Makefile : 1.28
    286 file	usr.sbin/ntp/ntpd/Makefile	: 1.10/1.11
    287 file	usr.sbin/ntp/ntptime/Makefile	: 1.4/1.5
    288 file	usr.sbin/pppd/Makefile.inc	: 1.3
    289 file	usr.sbin/pppd/pppd/Makefile	: 1.38
    290 file	usr.sbin/rarpd/Makefile		: 1.10
    291 file	usr.sbin/rbootd/Makefile	: 1.10
    292 file	usr.sbin/rpc.pcnfsd/Makefile	: 1.17
    293 file	usr.sbin/rtadvd/Makefile	: 1.9
    294 file	usr.sbin/tcpdump/Makefile	: 1.42
    295 file	usr.sbin/wiconfig/Makefile	: 1.3
    296 descr
    297 	GCC 4.1 warns on pointer sign comparision/assignments and lots of
    298 	code does not conform.  For now we use -Wno-pointer-sign and
    299 	-fno-strict-aliasing.
    300 kcah
    301 
    302 hack	disable ctf for gcc-4.8 build
    303 mdate	April 3 2014
    304 who	christos
    305 file	external/gpl3/gcc/usr.bin/Makefile.frontend	: 1.4
    306 file	external/gpl3/gcc/usr.bin/Makefile.backend	: 1.5
    307 descr
    308 	nbctfconvert -g -L VERSION -g fold-const.o
    309 	ERROR: fold-const.c: failed to get mapping for tid 79154 \
    310 		((null)) <13532>
    311 kcak
    312 
    313 hack	emacs aborting on exit (libgcc issue)
    314 mdate	7 November 2011
    315 who	christos
    316 file	external/gpl3/gcc/dist/gcc/unwind-dw2-fde.c : 1.2
    317 descr
    318 	GCC 4.5.3 now calls __unregister_frame_info_bases() on unloading/exit
    319 	to do just that. If the symbol requested is not found, then it aborts.
    320 	emacs 23.3 triggers this assertion. For now disable aborting, and
    321 	silently ignore.
    322 kcah
    323 
    324 hack	cross-building hack on Darwin
    325 mdate	20 July 2008
    326 who	agc
    327 file	src/distrib/common/Makefile.mdset	: 1.33
    328 descr
    329 	Darwin has problems with getopt() when used in mdsetimage -v,
    330 	due to the difference between BSD and libiberty() getopt
    331 	implementations, more fully described in
    332 	http://mail-index.netbsd.org/current-users/2008/06/27/msg003242.html
    333 	and the subsequent thread.  For just now, we just have an ugly
    334 	workaround not to call mdsetimage with the -v argument on Darwin
    335 kcah
    336 
    337 hack	avoid rebuilding asn1 libraries
    338 mdate	03 August 2008
    339 who	veego
    340 file	src/crypto/dist/heimdal/lib/asn1/gen.c	: 1.10
    341 file	src/lib/libasn1/Makefile	: 1.32
    342 file	src/lib/libhdb/Makefile	: 1.23
    343 file	src/lib/libgssapi/Makefile	: 1.20
    344 file	src/lib/libhx509/Makefile	: 1.3
    345 pr	9702 39185
    346 descr
    347 	asn1_compile does not check if generated header files do not have to
    348 	be rebuild.
    349 	Generate .hx files and copy it in the Makefiles if they changed.
    350 kcah
    351 
    352 hack	avoid gcc4 -O1 bug in loop optimize
    353 cdate	29 November 2008
    354 who	tsutsui
    355 file	src/sbin/ifconfig/Makefile	: 1.39
    356 pr	40036 40066
    357 descr
    358 	gcc -O1 seems to generate wrong code in loop optimize so that
    359 	ifconfig lo0 inet6 doesn't return error even if a kernel
    360 	doesn't have IPv6 support. (see the above PRs for details)
    361 	For workaround, specify -fno-loop-optimize on m68000,
    362 	which uses -O1 by default.
    363 kcah
    364 
    365 hack	MKPIE ldscript for /usr.sbin/crash
    366 cdate	22 April 2010
    367 who	christos
    368 file	src/usr.sbin/crash/Makefile	: 1.5
    369 file	src/usr.sbin/crash/ldscript.crash	: 1.1
    370 pr	N/A
    371 descr
    372 	fixed in binutils-2.20.1. Linking with MKPIE=yes causes overlapping
    373 	sections
    374 kcah
    375 
    376 hack	Disable fortification for /usr/bin/makeinfo
    377 cdata	24 Mar 2014
    378 who	tron
    379 file	src/gnu/usr.bin/texinfo/makeinfo/Makefile	: 1.8
    380 pr	N/A
    381 descr
    382 	If "makeinfo" is compiled with "-D_FORTIFY_SOURCE=2" using GCC 4.8.3
    383 	it fails to process certain texinfo files, e.g. "cl.texi"
    384 	included in the Emacs 24.3 distribution.
    385 kcah
    386 
    387 hack	Disable Stack Smash Protection for /usr/X11R7/bin/xauth
    388 cdata	05 Apr 2014
    389 who	tron
    390 file	src/external/mit/xorg/bin/xauth/Makefile	: 1.4
    391 pr	N/A
    392 descr
    393 	If "xauth" is compile with "USE_SSP" set to "yes" it fails
    394 	mysteriously with an error message like this:
    395 
    396 	/usr/X11R7/bin/xauth:  file /foo/bar/.Xauthority does not exist
    397 	/usr/X11R7/bin/xauth:  unable to link authority file /foo/bar/.Xauthority, use /foo/bar/.Xauthority
    398 
    399 	The compiler seems to get confused about the two filename variables
    400 	used in the link(2) system call.
    401 kcah
    402 
    403 hack	g++ 5.x barfs on volatile in constexpr initializers
    404 cdata	27 Aug 2015
    405 who	pooka
    406 file	src/lib/libpthread/pthread_types.h	: 1.17
    407 pr	lib/49989
    408 descr
    409 	Trying to use e.g. pthread_mutex_t m = PTHREAD_MUTEX_INITIALIZER
    410 	in C++ results in:
    411 		error: temporary of non-literal type '__pthread_mutex_st'
    412 		in a constant expression
    413 		constexpr mutex() _NOEXCEPT : __m_(PTHREAD_MUTEX_INITIALIZER) {}
    414 		[...]
    415 		include/pthread_types.h:101:8: note: '__pthread_mutex_st' is
    416 		not literal because:
    417 		struct __pthread_mutex_st {
    418 		^
    419 		include/pthread_types.h:103:17: note:   non-static data
    420 		member '__pthread_mutex_st::ptm_errorcheck' has volatile type
    421 		pthread_spin_t ptm_errorcheck;
    422 kcah
    423 
    424 hack	libm cabs{,f,l} and g++
    425 cdata	11 Jan 2016
    426 who	christos
    427 pr	lib/50646
    428 file	src/external/gpl3/gcc.old/dist/libstdc++-v3/include/std/complex : 1.2
    429 file	src/external/gpl3/gcc/dist/libstdc++-v3/include/std/complex : 1.2
    430 descr
    431 	Our cabs and cabsf have a different argument format on some architectures
    432 	and for that we have created in libm/compat_cabs{,f}.c. The standard
    433 	versions in libc are __c99_cabs{,f,l} and there are __RENAME()'s in
    434 	<complex.h>. G++ uses __builtin_cabs{,f,l} to implement those and they
    435 	translate by default to cabs{,f,l} which gets defined to cabs{,f} (the
    436 	wrong function) and an undefined cabsl. I've changed <complex> to use
    437 	the __c99_cabs{,f,l} directly. Using the __builtin_cabs{,f,l} in gcc is
    438 	still broken.
    439 kcah
    440 
    441 port	vax
    442 
    443 	hack	gcc4/vax ICE
    444 	cdate	
    445 	who	tsutsui
    446 	file	sys/arch/vax/conf/Makefile.vax
    447 	descr
    448 		GCC4 on vax gets ICE on compiling sys/ddb/db_command.c.
    449 		-fno-tree-ter prevents it so add it to COPTS.
    450 	kcah
    451 
    452 	hack	gcc4/vax compiler crash
    453 	cdate	Fri Jun 30 22:39:12 PDT 2006
    454 	who	mrg
    455 	file	bin/csh/Makefile	: 1.27
    456 	file	lib/i18n_module/UTF7/Makefile	: 1.2
    457 	descr
    458 		GCC4 on vax crashes.  -O0 stops it happening so far...
    459 	kcah
    460 
    461 	hack	vax Toolchain bug
    462 	cdate	28 Mar 2003
    463 	who	he
    464 	file	sys/arch/vax/vax/intvec.S : 1.5
    465 	descr
    466 		Workaround for PR toolchain/20924.  The assembler apparently
    467 		tries to range-check byte offsets when it doesn't have
    468 		sufficient information to make that decision.
    469 		Workaround uses `brw' instead of `brb' instruction.
    470 	kcah
    471 
    472 	hack	declare boolean_t in two IPF user-mode programs
    473 	cdate	Tue Mar  7 19:19:20 CET 2006
    474 	who	he
    475 	file	dist/ipf/ipsend/iptests.c : 1.8
    476 		dist/ipf/ipsend/sock.c : 1.7
    477 	descr
    478 		The IPF user-mode programs ipsend and iptest first
    479 		include <sys/types.h> without _KERNEL defined, and
    480 		later include <sys/file.h> with _KERNEL defined.
    481 		This causes a build failure when building for vax,
    482 		since <sys/device.h> ends up being included without
    483 		bollean_t being defined by <sys/types.h>.
    484 		Build failure and further details documented in
    485 		PR#32907.
    486 	kcah
    487 
    488 	hack	pcc 0.9.9 large string literals
    489 	cdat	8 July 2008
    490 	who	gmcgarry
    491 	file	sys/conf/param.c : 1.58
    492 	descr
    493 		Workaround for pcc 0.9.9 not handling large string literals
    494 		which causes kernels with 'options INCLUDE_CONFIG_FILE' to
    495 		fail compilation.
    496 		There is a proposal on the pcc mailing list to stuff config
    497 		file in ELF section.
    498 	kcah
    499 
    500 	hack	xorg warnings
    501 	cdat	30 July 2008, 3 June, 2013
    502 	who	mrg
    503 	file	external/mit/xorg/lib/libSM/Makefile : 1.2
    504 		external/mit/xorg/lib/libX11/Makefile.libx11 : 1.10
    505 		external/mit/xorg/lib/libXext/Makefile : 1.2
    506 		external/mit/xorg/lib/libXfont/Makefile : 1.2
    507 	descr
    508 		Disable several warnings or use -Wno-error across Xorg sources
    509 		while we get them working
    510 	kcah
    511 
    512 	hack	32 bit time leftovers
    513 	cdat	11 January 2009
    514 	who	christos
    515 	file	lib/libc/time/localtime.c : 1.41
    516 		lib/libc/time/zic.c : 1.23
    517 	descr
    518 		The timezone compiled files still contain 32 bit time_t
    519 		quantities. I did not want to version the files because
    520 		the ``parser'' is too ugly for words. What needs to be
    521 		done, is to rewrite the parser from scratch also to avoid
    522 		potential core-dumps from parsing invalid files.
    523 	kcah
    524 
    525 	hack	32 bit time leftovers
    526 	cdat	11 January 2009
    527 	who	christos
    528 	file	various
    529 	descr
    530 		Many filesystem on-disk formats have 32 bit times.
    531 	kcah
    532 
    533 	hack	gcc 4.5 fsdb miscompile
    534 	date	Sat Nov  9 11:03:02 EST 2013
    535 	who	christos
    536 	file	src/sbin/fsdb/Makefile : 1.36 (and earlier)
    537 	descr
    538 		src/sbin/fsdb/fsdb.c: In function 'findblk':
    539 		src/sbin/fsdb/fsdb.c:610:1: error: unrecognizable insn:
    540 		(insn 941 940 942 134 src/sbin/fsdb/fsdb.c:589 (set (reg:SI 604)
    541 		    (subreg:SI (mem/s/j:DI (plus:SI (mult:SI (reg:SI 602)
    542                         (const_int 8 [0x8]))
    543                     (reg/f:SI 601)) [0 curinode.99_378->dp2.di_ib S8 A32]) 4)) \
    544 			-1 (nil))
    545 		src/sbin/fsdb/fsdb.c:610:1: internal compiler error: in \
    546 		extract_insn, at recog.c:2103
    547 	kcah
    548 
    549 	hack	gcc 4.8 gcc miscompiles
    550 	date	Sat Nov  9 16:35:18 EST 2013
    551 	who	christos
    552 	file	distrib/utils/x_ping/Makefile
    553 	file	distrib/vax/miniroot/Makefile.inc
    554 	file	distrib/vax/ramdisk/Makefile
    555 	file	external/gpl3/gdb/lib/libdecnumber/Makefile
    556 	file	sbin/fsdb/Makefile
    557 	file	sbin/newfs_ext2fs/Makefile
    558 	file	sbin/ping/Makefile
    559 	file	usr.sbin/lmcconfig/Makefile
    560 	file	usr.sbin/mtrace/Makefile
    561 	descr
    562 		external/gpl3/gcc/dist/gcc/expmed.c:2781:1:
    563 		internal compiler error: in change_address_1, at emit-rtl.c:2019
    564 		external/gpl3/gcc/dist/gcc/recog.c:770:1:
    565 		internal compiler error: in change_address_1, at emit-rtl.c:2019
    566 		external/gpl3/gcc/dist/libdecnumber/decNumber.c:7214:3:
    567 		internal compiler error: in change_address_1, at emit-rtl.c:2019
    568 		sbin/ping/ping.c:679:1:
    569 		internal compiler error: in change_address_1, at emit-rtl.c:2019
    570 		sbin/newfs_ext2fs/mke2fs.c:681:1:
    571 		internal compiler error: in reload_combine_note_use,
    572 		at postreload.c:1561
    573 		external/gpl3/gdb/dist/libdecnumber/decNumber.c:7214:3:
    574 		internal compiler error: in change_address_1, at emit-rtl.c:2019
    575 		usr.sbin/lmcconfig/lmcconfig.c:939:3:
    576 		internal compiler error: in reload_combine_note_use,
    577 		at postreload.c:1561
    578 		usr.sbin/mtrace/mtrace.c:1655:1:
    579 		internal compiler error: in change_address_1, at emit-rtl.c:2019
    580 	kcah
    581 
    582 port	arm
    583 
    584 	hack	gcc-unsigned-compare
    585 	cdate	09 Mar 2002
    586 	mdate	18 Mar 2002
    587 	who	bjh21
    588 	file	dist/bind/lib/nameser/ns_parse.c : 1.3
    589 	file	dist/dhcp/minires/ns_parse.c : 1.3
    590 	file	dist/dhcp/omapip/result.c : 1.2
    591 	file	dist/dhcp/server/failover.c : 1.3
    592 	file	gnu/dist/toolchain/bfd/bfd.c : 1.2
    593 	file	gnu/dist/toolchain/bfd/format.c : 1.2
    594 	file	gnu/dist/toolchain/gdb/target.c : 1.2
    595 	file	sys/kern/vfs_subr.c : 1.172
    596 	descr	When checking that a potentially-unsigned enum is >= 0, assign
    597 		it to an int first.  This is necessary to avoid "comparison is
    598 		always true" warnings with -fshort-enums.  Casting to an int
    599 		really should be enough, but turns out not to be.
    600 	kcah
    601 
    602 	hack	gcc-4.5 arm CNAME hostname lookup failure on
    603 		certain DNS environment (probably -ftree-ter problem)
    604 	cdate	Sat Dec 24 04:59:00 UTC 2011
    605 	mdate	
    606 	who	tsutsui
    607 	file	lib/libc/net/Makefile.inc 1.79
    608 	descr	Hostname lookup against CNAMEs by some commands fails
    609 		on certain DNS environments if lib/libc/net/gethnamaddr.c
    610 		(ping(8) etc) and lib/libc/net/getaddrinfo.c (ftp(1) etc)
    611 		are compiled with -O2, even though nslookup(1) against
    612 		the same CNAME returns proper hostname.
    613 		They works properly if compiled with -O2 -fno-tree-ter.
    614 		Also -O2 fails but -O2 -fno-tree-ter works on the following
    615 		test case in gcc bugzilla:
    616 		http://gcc.gnu.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=48863#c4
    617 	kcah
    618 
    619 	hack	gcc-4.5 arm without -fno-tree-vrp generate broken code
    620 	cdate	Wed Nov 14 13:02:02 JST 2012
    621 	who	msaitoh
    622 	file	lib/libc/softfloat/Makefile.inc
    623 	pr	46953
    624 	regress	src/tests/lib/libm/t_cbrt
    625 	regress	src/tests/lib/libm/t_ceil
    626 	regress	src/tests/lib/libm/t_exp
    627 	regress	src/tests/lib/libm/t_log
    628 	regress	src/tests/lib/libm/t_scalbn
    629 	regress	src/tests/lib/libm/t_sinh
    630 	regress	src/tests/lib/libm/t_sqrt
    631 	descr	Gcc has a bug in tree optimization. For adddf3,
    632 		-INF + -INF returns 0 without -fno-tree-vrp.
    633 		Debugging with -fdump-tree-all shows that
    634 		softfloat.c.021t.cleanup_cfg is ok but softfloat.c.023t.ssa
    635 		is broken.
    636 	kcah
    637 
    638 	hack	gcc-5.3 arm and openssh and -fstrict-aliases
    639 	cdate	Tue Jun 14 19:05:51 PDT 2016
    640 	who	mrg
    641 	file	crypto/external/bsd/openssh/dist/umac.c : 1.10
    642 	pr	
    643 	descr	GCC has some yet-unknown code-gen problem on ARM with this
    644 		file that leads to SSH giving errors and dropping connections.
    645 		The bpw=8 path of endian_convert(), if compiled with
    646 		"no-strict-aliases" optimiser attribite, works.  The same
    647 		problem exist with GCC 5.3 and 5.4.
    648 	kcah
    649 
    650 port	sh3
    651 
    652 	hack	gcc4-sh3-bz2
    653 	cdate	Sun May 21 03:34:57 UTC 2006
    654 	mdate	Fri May 16 13:13:00 UTC 2008
    655 	who	mrg, tsutsui
    656 	file	lib/libbz2/Makefile	: 1.10
    657 	descr
    658 		The in-tree GCC 4.1-based compiler generated too-far
    659 		pc-relative addresses.  Hack is to build with
    660 		-fno-loop-optimize.
    661 	kcah
    662 
    663 port	sh3eb
    664 	hack	gcc4.8.1
    665 	cdate	Thu Nov  7 16:31:23 EST 2013
    666 	who	christos
    667 	file	src/sys/rump/net/lib/libnetbt/Makefile	: 1.2
    668 	desrc
    669 		for profiling
    670 		compile l2cap_signal.c with -O0 to avoid:
    671 		./netbt/l2cap_signal.c:36:
    672 		/p/netbsd/cvsroot/src/sys/rump/net/lib/libnetbt/../../../../\
    673 		netbt/l2cap_signal.c: In function 'l2cap_recv_signal':
    674 		./sh3/byte_swap.h:20:2: error: 'asm' operand requires \
    675 		impossible reload
    676 		  __asm volatile ("swap.b %1,%0" : "=r"(rval) : "r"(x));
    677 	kcah
    678 
    679 port	sh3el
    680 	hack	gcc4.8.1
    681 	cdate	Fri Nov  8 19:27:01 EST 2013
    682 	who	christos
    683 	file	src/external/bsd/libevent/lib/libevent/Makefile	: 1.2
    684 	desrc
    685 		for profiling
    686 		compile evdns.c with -O0 to avoid:
    687 		./sh3/byte_swap.h:20:2: error: 'asm' operand requires \
    688 		impossible reload
    689 		  __asm volatile ("swap.b %1,%0" : "=r"(rval) : "r"(x));
    690 	kcah
    691 	
    692 	hack	gcc4.8.1
    693 	cdate	Fri Nov  8 19:34:48 EST 2013
    694 	who	christos
    695 	file	src/usr.sbin/racoon/Makefile	: 1.27
    696 	desrc
    697 		for profiling
    698 		compile ipsec_doi.c with -O0 to avoid:
    699 		./sh3/byte_swap.h:20:2: error: 'asm' operand requires \
    700 		impossible reload
    701 		  __asm volatile ("swap.b %1,%0" : "=r"(rval) : "r"(x));
    702 	kcah
    703 
    704 port	m68000
    705 
    706 	hack	gcc4-m68000
    707 	cdate	Fri Feb  8 10:29:37 PST 2008
    708 	mdate	Sun May  4 15:37:19 UTC 2008
    709 	who	mrg, tsutsui
    710 	file	rescue/Makefile	: 1.21
    711 	file	sbin/dump_lfs/Makefile	: 1.9
    712 	file	sbin/fsck_ffs/Makefile	: 1.35
    713 	file	sbin/fsdb/Makefile	: 1.22
    714 	file	share/mk/sys.mk	: 1.96
    715 	file	usr.sbin/ndbootd/Makefile	: 1.5
    716 	descr
    717 		Several internal compiler errors with gcc -O1
    718 		around 64bit integer arithmetic.
    719 		This hack uses -O1 and adds some -fno-tree-foo options
    720 		to avoid the problem.
    721 		This might be related with GCC Bugzilla Bug 32424.
    722 	kcah
    723 
    724 port	m68k,sh3,vax
    725 
    726 	hack	gcc-4.8.1
    727 	cdate	Wed Nov  6 20:41:35 EST 2013
    728 	who	christos
    729 	file	src/external/gpl3/gcc/libstdc++-v3/Makefile : 1.6
    730 	descr
    731 		compile hashtable_c++0x.cc with -O2 instead of -Os to
    732 		produce missing instantiation of std::lower_bound expansion
    733 		for unsigned long.
    734 	kcah
    735 
    736 port	sparc
    737 
    738 	hack	avoid NULL pointer derefs in savefpstate IPIs and GCC 4.5.3
    739 	cdate	Sun Aug 14 19:26:48 PDT 2011
    740 	who	mrg
    741 	file	sys/arch/sparc64/sparc/cpu.c : 1.234
    742 	file	sys/arch/sparc64/sparc/cpuvar.h : 1.90
    743 	file	sys/arch/sparc64/sparc/genassym.cf : 1.67
    744 	file	sys/arch/sparc64/sparc/locore.s : 1.265
    745 	descr
    746 		Something is wrong with GCC 4.5.3 and the savefpstate IPI.
    747 		Post newlock2 there was a bug where a lock was reduced from
    748 		IPL_SCHED to IPL_VM (?) and occasionally savefpstate IPI
    749 		would crash due to NULL IPI.  This was fixed by re-using the
    750 		right IPL value.  However, GCC 4.5.3 build kernels have the
    751 		same problems.  For now, the hack is re-instated.
    752 	kcah
    753 
    754 
    755 port	mips
    756 
    757 	hack	mips-shared-linker-load-address
    758 	cdate	Fri Oct  7 08:33:10 UTC 2005
    759 	who	simonb
    760 	file	src/sys/kern/exec_elf32.c : 1.107
    761 	descr
    762 		With COMPAT_16 or previous enabled (which enables
    763 		ELF_INTERP_NON_RELOCATABLE) a recent ld.elf_so will
    764 		load and run at address 0.  The check to fix this in
    765 		rev 1.107 only checks the first psection of the ELF
    766 		executable, which may not be loadable.  A more correct
    767 		fix is to check the first loadable psection instead of
    768 		just the first psection.
    769 	kcah
    770 
    771 	hack	mips-duplicate-ras-end-label
    772 	cdate	Sat Sep  2 23:29:42 2006
    773 	who	martin
    774 	file	src/regress/sys/kern/ras/ras3/Makefile : 1.3
    775 	descr
    776 		Add -fno-reorder-blocks to CFLAGS to avoid duplicate
    777 		labels by duplicated __asm output from RAS_END()
    778 		macro.
    779 	kcah
    780 
    781 	hack	mips-mcount-assembler-warning
    782 	cdate	Tue Jul 29 14:16:52 UTC 2008
    783 	who	lukem
    784 	file	src/lib/libc/gmon/Makefile.inc : 1.8
    785 	descr
    786 		Workaround for PR port-mips/39192.
    787 		common/lib/libc/gmon/mcount.c generates a (fatal)
    788 		assembler warning on MIPS:
    789 			Warning: No .cprestore pseudo-op used in PIC code
    790 		Add COPTS.count.c+=-Wa,--no-warn to avoid -Wa,--fatal-warnings
    791 	kcah
    792 
    793 port	i386
    794 
    795 	hack	use volatile intermediate variable to enforce rounding
    796 	cdate	Tue Aug  1 22:15:55 MEST 2006
    797 	who	drochner
    798 	file	src/lib/libm/src/lrintf.c : 1.4
    799 	file	src/lib/libm/src/s_rintf.c : 1.8
    800 	descr
    801 		gcc-4 does subsequent operations on "float" values within
    802 		the i387 FPU without rounding the intermediate results
    803 	kcah
    804 
    805 port	x86
    806 	hack	turn off optimization for biosdisk_ll.c because otherwise
    807 		we are pass the wrong arguments to biosdisk_read(). 
    808 		$ cd /usr/src/sys/arch/i386/floppies/bootflopp-com
    809 		$ qemu-system-i386 -nographic -fda boot-com1.fs -boot a
    810 	who	christos
    811 	file	src/sys/arch/i386/stand/lib/Makefile : 1.38
    812 	descr
    813 		Turning on DISK_DEBUG shows the problem. We should find
    814 		out which option is causing this.
    815 	hcah
    816 
    817 port	powerpc
    818 
    819 	hack	avoid using __builtin_return_address(0) because it fails in
    820 		Xorg's module loader
    821 	cdate	Sat Sep 27 03:52:05 UTC 2008
    822 	who	macallan
    823 	file	src/libexec/ld.elf_so/rtld.c : 1.121
    824 	descr
    825 		workaround for PR port-macppc/37812
    826 	kcah
    827 
    828 	hack	define TARGET_SECURE_PLT and HAVE_AS_TLS because when
    829 		building the native compiler via build.sh those don't defined
    830 		properly.
    831 	cdate	Sat Mar 12 08:00:00 UTC 2011
    832 	who	matt
    833 	file	src/gnu/dist/gcc4/gcc/config/rs6000/netbsd.h
    834 	descr
    835 		see above
    836 	kcah
    837 
    838 port	powerpc64
    839 
    840 	hack	include _errno.c in libposix so that __errno resolves. It
    841 		should resolve from libc's errno, but somehow it does not.
    842 		Linker bug?
    843 	cdate	Thu Oct 27 13:19:47 EDT 2011
    844 	who	christos
    845 	file	src/lib/libposix/Makefile: 1.15
    846 	file	src/lib/librt/Makefile: 1.14
    847 	descr
    848 		workaround for:
    849 		    libposix_pic.a(cerror.pico)(.text+0x14): unresolvable \
    850 		    R_PPC64_REL24 relocation against symbol `.__errno'
    851 	kcah
    852 
    853 	hack	rename data() function in mdocml to avoid redefined error.
    854 		Compiler/Assembler bug?
    855 	cdate	Sat Oct 29 11:16:01 EDT 2011
    856 	who	christos
    857 	file	src/external/bsd/mdocml/tbl_data.c: 1.2
    858 	descr
    859 		workaround for:
    860 		    {standard input}: Assembler messages:
    861 		    {standard input}:105: Error: symbol `.data' is already \
    862 		    defined
    863 	kcah
    864 
    865 port	emips
    866 
    867 	hack	Add nop between ctc1 and mtc0 to avoid assembler internal
    868 		error
    869 	cdate	Sat Oct 29 16:57:34 EDT 2011
    870 	who	christos
    871 	file	src/sys/arch/mips/mips/mips_fpu.c: 1.7
    872 	descr
    873 		workaround for:
    874 		    {standard input}: Assembler messages:
    875 		    {standard input}:730: Internal error!
    876 		    Assertion failure in append_insn at /usr/src/external/gpl3/\
    877 		    binutils/dist/gas/config/tc-mips.c line 2910.
    878 	kcah
    879 
    880 port	ia64
    881 
    882 	hack	libc hesiod.c file does not compile with -O2 (internal
    883 		compiler error in gcc 4.5.3)
    884 	cdate	Thu Dec 27 08:05:43 CET 2012
    885 	who	martin
    886 	file	src/lib/libc/net/Makefile.inc: 1.82
    887 	descr
    888 		workaround for:
    889 		{standard input}: Assembler messages:
    890 		{standard input}:1507: Warning: Use of 'mov' may violate WAW dependency 'GR%, % in 1 - 127' (impliedf), specific resource number is 15
    891 		{standard input}:1506: Warning: This is the location of the conflicting usage
    892 		{standard input}: Error: 2 warnings, treating warnings as errors
    893 	kcah
    894 
    895 	hack	libelf libelf_extended.c compiler error in gcc 4.5.3
    896 	cdate	Thu Dec 27 09:05:51 CET 2012
    897 	who	martin
    898 	file	src/external/bsd/libelf/lib/Makefile: 1.3
    899 	descr
    900 		workaround for:
    901 		{standard input}: Assembler messages:
    902 		{standard input}:87: Warning: Use of 'adds' may violate RAW dependency 'GR%, % in 1 - 127' (impliedf), specific resource number is 33
    903 		{standard input}:87: Warning: Only the first path encountering the conflict is reported
    904 		{standard input}:85: Warning: This is the location of the conflicting usage
    905 	kcah
    906 
    907 	hack	compiler error with gcc 4.5.x
    908 	cdate	Thu Dec 27 15:15:25 CET 2012
    909 	who	martin
    910 	file	src/crypto/external/bsd/netpgp/lib/verify/Makefile: 1.5
    911 	descr
    912 		workaround for:
    913 		{standard input}: Assembler messages:
    914 		{standard input}:22979: Warning: Use of 'mov' may violate WAW dependency 'GR%, % in 1 - 127' (impliedf), specific resource number is 8
    915 		{standard input}:22978: Warning: This is the location of the conflicting usage
    916 	kcah
    917 
    918 	hack	libgcc unwind dummy function
    919 	cdate	Fri Apr 17 14:31:03 CEST 2015
    920 	who	martin
    921 	file	src/external/gpl3/gcc/dist/libgcc/config/ia64/unwind-ia64.c: 1.4
    922 	descr
    923 		Add an empty _Unwind_FindTableEntry() implementation.
    924 		In the end we will use our libc stuff, and this should
    925 		go away again.
    926 	kcah
    927 
    928 port	x68k
    929 
    930 	hack	compiler error with gcc 4.5.x
    931 	cdate	Fri May 24 13:23:01 EDT 2013
    932 	who	christos
    933 	file	src/external/gpl3/gcc/usr.bin/bakend/Makefile: 1.17
    934 		xsrc/external/mit/xorg/lib/libGLU/Makefile: 1.11
    935 	descr
    936 		workaround for:
    937 		internal compiler error: in cselib_record_set, at cselib.c:1999
    938 	kcah
    939 
    940 hack	fallback to /usr/bin/clang-cpp in rpcgen
    941 cdate	Wed Jun  5 15:49:27 CEST 2013
    942 who	joerg
    943 file	src/usr.bin/rpcgen/rpc_main.c
    944 descr
    945 	It is undecided which compiler owns /usr/bin/cpp and whether it should
    946 	exist in a MKGCC=no world. To allow rpcgen to work out-of-the-box,
    947 	if either gcc or clang is installed, use /usr/bin/clang-cpp as fallback.
    948 	This applies only if RPCGEN_CPP is not set and /usr/bin/cpp is not executable.
    949 kcah
    950 
    951 port	hppa
    952 
    953 	hack	compiler error with gcc 4.5.x
    954 	cdate	Tue Jul 23 07:42:28 BST 2013
    955 	who	skrll
    956 	file	src/sys/lib/libkern/Makefile.libkern: 1.26
    957 	descr
    958 		workaround for unanalysed codegen bug affecting md5c.c.
    959 	kcah
    960 
    961 	hack	gdb vs _rtld_debug_state problem
    962 	cdate	Thu Mar  5 09:49:53 UTC 2015
    963 	who	skrll
    964 	file	src/libexec/ld.elf_so/rtld.c: 1.175
    965 	descr
    966 		workaround for problem where gdb misses the breakpoint on
    967 		_rtld_debug_state when the function is only the
    968 		bv,n %r0(%rp) instruction - the nullify seems to
    969 		confuse something
    970 	kcah
    971 
    972 port	mips64*
    973 hack	compiler crashes on mips64* with optimization enabled
    974 cdate	Tue May 13 18:46:48 UTC 2014
    975 who	macallan
    976 file	src/external/lgpl3/gmp/lib/libgmp/arch/mips64eb/Makefile.inc: 1.6
    977 	src/external/lgpl3/gmp/lib/libgmp/arch/mips64eb/config.h: 1.5
    978 	src/external/lgpl3/gmp/lib/libgmp/arch/mips64el/Makefile.inc: 1.6
    979 	src/external/lgpl3/gmp/lib/libgmp/arch/mips64el/config.h: 1.5
    980 descr	workaround for n32 gcc doing unaligned 64bit accesses when optimizing
    981 pr	48696
    982 kcah
    983 
    984 port	vax
    985 hack	compile boot with -O1
    986 cdate	Sat May 24 09:40:58 CEST 2014
    987 who	martin
    988 file	src/sys/arch/vax/boot/boot/Makefile: 1.41
    989 descr	/boot does not work when compiled with -O2 and gcc 4.8
    990 kcah
    991 
    992 port	arm
    993 hack	avoid using labels in a 12-bit constant.
    994 who	matt
    995 file	crypto/external/bsd/openssl/lib/libcrypto/arch/arm/aes-armv4.S: 1.2
    996 descr	workaround for clang misassembling an instruction
    997 kcah
    998