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ThreadSafety.cpp revision 1.1
      1 //===- ThreadSafety.cpp ---------------------------------------------------===//
      2 //
      3 // Part of the LLVM Project, under the Apache License v2.0 with LLVM Exceptions.
      4 // See https://llvm.org/LICENSE.txt for license information.
      5 // SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0 WITH LLVM-exception
      6 //
      7 //===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
      8 //
      9 // A intra-procedural analysis for thread safety (e.g. deadlocks and race
     10 // conditions), based off of an annotation system.
     11 //
     12 // See http://clang.llvm.org/docs/ThreadSafetyAnalysis.html
     13 // for more information.
     14 //
     15 //===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
     16 
     17 #include "clang/Analysis/Analyses/ThreadSafety.h"
     18 #include "clang/AST/Attr.h"
     19 #include "clang/AST/Decl.h"
     20 #include "clang/AST/DeclCXX.h"
     21 #include "clang/AST/DeclGroup.h"
     22 #include "clang/AST/Expr.h"
     23 #include "clang/AST/ExprCXX.h"
     24 #include "clang/AST/OperationKinds.h"
     25 #include "clang/AST/Stmt.h"
     26 #include "clang/AST/StmtVisitor.h"
     27 #include "clang/AST/Type.h"
     28 #include "clang/Analysis/Analyses/PostOrderCFGView.h"
     29 #include "clang/Analysis/Analyses/ThreadSafetyCommon.h"
     30 #include "clang/Analysis/Analyses/ThreadSafetyTIL.h"
     31 #include "clang/Analysis/Analyses/ThreadSafetyTraverse.h"
     32 #include "clang/Analysis/Analyses/ThreadSafetyUtil.h"
     33 #include "clang/Analysis/AnalysisDeclContext.h"
     34 #include "clang/Analysis/CFG.h"
     35 #include "clang/Basic/Builtins.h"
     36 #include "clang/Basic/LLVM.h"
     37 #include "clang/Basic/OperatorKinds.h"
     38 #include "clang/Basic/SourceLocation.h"
     39 #include "clang/Basic/Specifiers.h"
     40 #include "llvm/ADT/ArrayRef.h"
     41 #include "llvm/ADT/DenseMap.h"
     42 #include "llvm/ADT/ImmutableMap.h"
     43 #include "llvm/ADT/Optional.h"
     44 #include "llvm/ADT/PointerIntPair.h"
     45 #include "llvm/ADT/STLExtras.h"
     46 #include "llvm/ADT/SmallVector.h"
     47 #include "llvm/ADT/StringRef.h"
     48 #include "llvm/Support/Allocator.h"
     49 #include "llvm/Support/Casting.h"
     50 #include "llvm/Support/ErrorHandling.h"
     51 #include "llvm/Support/raw_ostream.h"
     52 #include <algorithm>
     53 #include <cassert>
     54 #include <functional>
     55 #include <iterator>
     56 #include <memory>
     57 #include <string>
     58 #include <type_traits>
     59 #include <utility>
     60 #include <vector>
     61 
     62 using namespace clang;
     63 using namespace threadSafety;
     64 
     65 // Key method definition
     66 ThreadSafetyHandler::~ThreadSafetyHandler() = default;
     67 
     68 /// Issue a warning about an invalid lock expression
     69 static void warnInvalidLock(ThreadSafetyHandler &Handler,
     70                             const Expr *MutexExp, const NamedDecl *D,
     71                             const Expr *DeclExp, StringRef Kind) {
     72   SourceLocation Loc;
     73   if (DeclExp)
     74     Loc = DeclExp->getExprLoc();
     75 
     76   // FIXME: add a note about the attribute location in MutexExp or D
     77   if (Loc.isValid())
     78     Handler.handleInvalidLockExp(Kind, Loc);
     79 }
     80 
     81 namespace {
     82 
     83 /// A set of CapabilityExpr objects, which are compiled from thread safety
     84 /// attributes on a function.
     85 class CapExprSet : public SmallVector<CapabilityExpr, 4> {
     86 public:
     87   /// Push M onto list, but discard duplicates.
     88   void push_back_nodup(const CapabilityExpr &CapE) {
     89     iterator It = std::find_if(begin(), end(),
     90                                [=](const CapabilityExpr &CapE2) {
     91       return CapE.equals(CapE2);
     92     });
     93     if (It == end())
     94       push_back(CapE);
     95   }
     96 };
     97 
     98 class FactManager;
     99 class FactSet;
    100 
    101 /// This is a helper class that stores a fact that is known at a
    102 /// particular point in program execution.  Currently, a fact is a capability,
    103 /// along with additional information, such as where it was acquired, whether
    104 /// it is exclusive or shared, etc.
    105 ///
    106 /// FIXME: this analysis does not currently support re-entrant locking.
    107 class FactEntry : public CapabilityExpr {
    108 private:
    109   /// Exclusive or shared.
    110   LockKind LKind;
    111 
    112   /// Where it was acquired.
    113   SourceLocation AcquireLoc;
    114 
    115   /// True if the lock was asserted.
    116   bool Asserted;
    117 
    118   /// True if the lock was declared.
    119   bool Declared;
    120 
    121 public:
    122   FactEntry(const CapabilityExpr &CE, LockKind LK, SourceLocation Loc,
    123             bool Asrt, bool Declrd = false)
    124       : CapabilityExpr(CE), LKind(LK), AcquireLoc(Loc), Asserted(Asrt),
    125         Declared(Declrd) {}
    126   virtual ~FactEntry() = default;
    127 
    128   LockKind kind() const { return LKind;      }
    129   SourceLocation loc() const { return AcquireLoc; }
    130   bool asserted() const { return Asserted; }
    131   bool declared() const { return Declared; }
    132 
    133   void setDeclared(bool D) { Declared = D; }
    134 
    135   virtual void
    136   handleRemovalFromIntersection(const FactSet &FSet, FactManager &FactMan,
    137                                 SourceLocation JoinLoc, LockErrorKind LEK,
    138                                 ThreadSafetyHandler &Handler) const = 0;
    139   virtual void handleLock(FactSet &FSet, FactManager &FactMan,
    140                           const FactEntry &entry, ThreadSafetyHandler &Handler,
    141                           StringRef DiagKind) const = 0;
    142   virtual void handleUnlock(FactSet &FSet, FactManager &FactMan,
    143                             const CapabilityExpr &Cp, SourceLocation UnlockLoc,
    144                             bool FullyRemove, ThreadSafetyHandler &Handler,
    145                             StringRef DiagKind) const = 0;
    146 
    147   // Return true if LKind >= LK, where exclusive > shared
    148   bool isAtLeast(LockKind LK) const {
    149     return  (LKind == LK_Exclusive) || (LK == LK_Shared);
    150   }
    151 };
    152 
    153 using FactID = unsigned short;
    154 
    155 /// FactManager manages the memory for all facts that are created during
    156 /// the analysis of a single routine.
    157 class FactManager {
    158 private:
    159   std::vector<std::unique_ptr<const FactEntry>> Facts;
    160 
    161 public:
    162   FactID newFact(std::unique_ptr<FactEntry> Entry) {
    163     Facts.push_back(std::move(Entry));
    164     return static_cast<unsigned short>(Facts.size() - 1);
    165   }
    166 
    167   const FactEntry &operator[](FactID F) const { return *Facts[F]; }
    168 };
    169 
    170 /// A FactSet is the set of facts that are known to be true at a
    171 /// particular program point.  FactSets must be small, because they are
    172 /// frequently copied, and are thus implemented as a set of indices into a
    173 /// table maintained by a FactManager.  A typical FactSet only holds 1 or 2
    174 /// locks, so we can get away with doing a linear search for lookup.  Note
    175 /// that a hashtable or map is inappropriate in this case, because lookups
    176 /// may involve partial pattern matches, rather than exact matches.
    177 class FactSet {
    178 private:
    179   using FactVec = SmallVector<FactID, 4>;
    180 
    181   FactVec FactIDs;
    182 
    183 public:
    184   using iterator = FactVec::iterator;
    185   using const_iterator = FactVec::const_iterator;
    186 
    187   iterator begin() { return FactIDs.begin(); }
    188   const_iterator begin() const { return FactIDs.begin(); }
    189 
    190   iterator end() { return FactIDs.end(); }
    191   const_iterator end() const { return FactIDs.end(); }
    192 
    193   bool isEmpty() const { return FactIDs.size() == 0; }
    194 
    195   // Return true if the set contains only negative facts
    196   bool isEmpty(FactManager &FactMan) const {
    197     for (const auto FID : *this) {
    198       if (!FactMan[FID].negative())
    199         return false;
    200     }
    201     return true;
    202   }
    203 
    204   void addLockByID(FactID ID) { FactIDs.push_back(ID); }
    205 
    206   FactID addLock(FactManager &FM, std::unique_ptr<FactEntry> Entry) {
    207     FactID F = FM.newFact(std::move(Entry));
    208     FactIDs.push_back(F);
    209     return F;
    210   }
    211 
    212   bool removeLock(FactManager& FM, const CapabilityExpr &CapE) {
    213     unsigned n = FactIDs.size();
    214     if (n == 0)
    215       return false;
    216 
    217     for (unsigned i = 0; i < n-1; ++i) {
    218       if (FM[FactIDs[i]].matches(CapE)) {
    219         FactIDs[i] = FactIDs[n-1];
    220         FactIDs.pop_back();
    221         return true;
    222       }
    223     }
    224     if (FM[FactIDs[n-1]].matches(CapE)) {
    225       FactIDs.pop_back();
    226       return true;
    227     }
    228     return false;
    229   }
    230 
    231   iterator findLockIter(FactManager &FM, const CapabilityExpr &CapE) {
    232     return std::find_if(begin(), end(), [&](FactID ID) {
    233       return FM[ID].matches(CapE);
    234     });
    235   }
    236 
    237   const FactEntry *findLock(FactManager &FM, const CapabilityExpr &CapE) const {
    238     auto I = std::find_if(begin(), end(), [&](FactID ID) {
    239       return FM[ID].matches(CapE);
    240     });
    241     return I != end() ? &FM[*I] : nullptr;
    242   }
    243 
    244   const FactEntry *findLockUniv(FactManager &FM,
    245                                 const CapabilityExpr &CapE) const {
    246     auto I = std::find_if(begin(), end(), [&](FactID ID) -> bool {
    247       return FM[ID].matchesUniv(CapE);
    248     });
    249     return I != end() ? &FM[*I] : nullptr;
    250   }
    251 
    252   const FactEntry *findPartialMatch(FactManager &FM,
    253                                     const CapabilityExpr &CapE) const {
    254     auto I = std::find_if(begin(), end(), [&](FactID ID) -> bool {
    255       return FM[ID].partiallyMatches(CapE);
    256     });
    257     return I != end() ? &FM[*I] : nullptr;
    258   }
    259 
    260   bool containsMutexDecl(FactManager &FM, const ValueDecl* Vd) const {
    261     auto I = std::find_if(begin(), end(), [&](FactID ID) -> bool {
    262       return FM[ID].valueDecl() == Vd;
    263     });
    264     return I != end();
    265   }
    266 };
    267 
    268 class ThreadSafetyAnalyzer;
    269 
    270 } // namespace
    271 
    272 namespace clang {
    273 namespace threadSafety {
    274 
    275 class BeforeSet {
    276 private:
    277   using BeforeVect = SmallVector<const ValueDecl *, 4>;
    278 
    279   struct BeforeInfo {
    280     BeforeVect Vect;
    281     int Visited = 0;
    282 
    283     BeforeInfo() = default;
    284     BeforeInfo(BeforeInfo &&) = default;
    285   };
    286 
    287   using BeforeMap =
    288       llvm::DenseMap<const ValueDecl *, std::unique_ptr<BeforeInfo>>;
    289   using CycleMap = llvm::DenseMap<const ValueDecl *, bool>;
    290 
    291 public:
    292   BeforeSet() = default;
    293 
    294   BeforeInfo* insertAttrExprs(const ValueDecl* Vd,
    295                               ThreadSafetyAnalyzer& Analyzer);
    296 
    297   BeforeInfo *getBeforeInfoForDecl(const ValueDecl *Vd,
    298                                    ThreadSafetyAnalyzer &Analyzer);
    299 
    300   void checkBeforeAfter(const ValueDecl* Vd,
    301                         const FactSet& FSet,
    302                         ThreadSafetyAnalyzer& Analyzer,
    303                         SourceLocation Loc, StringRef CapKind);
    304 
    305 private:
    306   BeforeMap BMap;
    307   CycleMap CycMap;
    308 };
    309 
    310 } // namespace threadSafety
    311 } // namespace clang
    312 
    313 namespace {
    314 
    315 class LocalVariableMap;
    316 
    317 using LocalVarContext = llvm::ImmutableMap<const NamedDecl *, unsigned>;
    318 
    319 /// A side (entry or exit) of a CFG node.
    320 enum CFGBlockSide { CBS_Entry, CBS_Exit };
    321 
    322 /// CFGBlockInfo is a struct which contains all the information that is
    323 /// maintained for each block in the CFG.  See LocalVariableMap for more
    324 /// information about the contexts.
    325 struct CFGBlockInfo {
    326   // Lockset held at entry to block
    327   FactSet EntrySet;
    328 
    329   // Lockset held at exit from block
    330   FactSet ExitSet;
    331 
    332   // Context held at entry to block
    333   LocalVarContext EntryContext;
    334 
    335   // Context held at exit from block
    336   LocalVarContext ExitContext;
    337 
    338   // Location of first statement in block
    339   SourceLocation EntryLoc;
    340 
    341   // Location of last statement in block.
    342   SourceLocation ExitLoc;
    343 
    344   // Used to replay contexts later
    345   unsigned EntryIndex;
    346 
    347   // Is this block reachable?
    348   bool Reachable = false;
    349 
    350   const FactSet &getSet(CFGBlockSide Side) const {
    351     return Side == CBS_Entry ? EntrySet : ExitSet;
    352   }
    353 
    354   SourceLocation getLocation(CFGBlockSide Side) const {
    355     return Side == CBS_Entry ? EntryLoc : ExitLoc;
    356   }
    357 
    358 private:
    359   CFGBlockInfo(LocalVarContext EmptyCtx)
    360       : EntryContext(EmptyCtx), ExitContext(EmptyCtx) {}
    361 
    362 public:
    363   static CFGBlockInfo getEmptyBlockInfo(LocalVariableMap &M);
    364 };
    365 
    366 // A LocalVariableMap maintains a map from local variables to their currently
    367 // valid definitions.  It provides SSA-like functionality when traversing the
    368 // CFG.  Like SSA, each definition or assignment to a variable is assigned a
    369 // unique name (an integer), which acts as the SSA name for that definition.
    370 // The total set of names is shared among all CFG basic blocks.
    371 // Unlike SSA, we do not rewrite expressions to replace local variables declrefs
    372 // with their SSA-names.  Instead, we compute a Context for each point in the
    373 // code, which maps local variables to the appropriate SSA-name.  This map
    374 // changes with each assignment.
    375 //
    376 // The map is computed in a single pass over the CFG.  Subsequent analyses can
    377 // then query the map to find the appropriate Context for a statement, and use
    378 // that Context to look up the definitions of variables.
    379 class LocalVariableMap {
    380 public:
    381   using Context = LocalVarContext;
    382 
    383   /// A VarDefinition consists of an expression, representing the value of the
    384   /// variable, along with the context in which that expression should be
    385   /// interpreted.  A reference VarDefinition does not itself contain this
    386   /// information, but instead contains a pointer to a previous VarDefinition.
    387   struct VarDefinition {
    388   public:
    389     friend class LocalVariableMap;
    390 
    391     // The original declaration for this variable.
    392     const NamedDecl *Dec;
    393 
    394     // The expression for this variable, OR
    395     const Expr *Exp = nullptr;
    396 
    397     // Reference to another VarDefinition
    398     unsigned Ref = 0;
    399 
    400     // The map with which Exp should be interpreted.
    401     Context Ctx;
    402 
    403     bool isReference() { return !Exp; }
    404 
    405   private:
    406     // Create ordinary variable definition
    407     VarDefinition(const NamedDecl *D, const Expr *E, Context C)
    408         : Dec(D), Exp(E), Ctx(C) {}
    409 
    410     // Create reference to previous definition
    411     VarDefinition(const NamedDecl *D, unsigned R, Context C)
    412         : Dec(D), Ref(R), Ctx(C) {}
    413   };
    414 
    415 private:
    416   Context::Factory ContextFactory;
    417   std::vector<VarDefinition> VarDefinitions;
    418   std::vector<unsigned> CtxIndices;
    419   std::vector<std::pair<const Stmt *, Context>> SavedContexts;
    420 
    421 public:
    422   LocalVariableMap() {
    423     // index 0 is a placeholder for undefined variables (aka phi-nodes).
    424     VarDefinitions.push_back(VarDefinition(nullptr, 0u, getEmptyContext()));
    425   }
    426 
    427   /// Look up a definition, within the given context.
    428   const VarDefinition* lookup(const NamedDecl *D, Context Ctx) {
    429     const unsigned *i = Ctx.lookup(D);
    430     if (!i)
    431       return nullptr;
    432     assert(*i < VarDefinitions.size());
    433     return &VarDefinitions[*i];
    434   }
    435 
    436   /// Look up the definition for D within the given context.  Returns
    437   /// NULL if the expression is not statically known.  If successful, also
    438   /// modifies Ctx to hold the context of the return Expr.
    439   const Expr* lookupExpr(const NamedDecl *D, Context &Ctx) {
    440     const unsigned *P = Ctx.lookup(D);
    441     if (!P)
    442       return nullptr;
    443 
    444     unsigned i = *P;
    445     while (i > 0) {
    446       if (VarDefinitions[i].Exp) {
    447         Ctx = VarDefinitions[i].Ctx;
    448         return VarDefinitions[i].Exp;
    449       }
    450       i = VarDefinitions[i].Ref;
    451     }
    452     return nullptr;
    453   }
    454 
    455   Context getEmptyContext() { return ContextFactory.getEmptyMap(); }
    456 
    457   /// Return the next context after processing S.  This function is used by
    458   /// clients of the class to get the appropriate context when traversing the
    459   /// CFG.  It must be called for every assignment or DeclStmt.
    460   Context getNextContext(unsigned &CtxIndex, const Stmt *S, Context C) {
    461     if (SavedContexts[CtxIndex+1].first == S) {
    462       CtxIndex++;
    463       Context Result = SavedContexts[CtxIndex].second;
    464       return Result;
    465     }
    466     return C;
    467   }
    468 
    469   void dumpVarDefinitionName(unsigned i) {
    470     if (i == 0) {
    471       llvm::errs() << "Undefined";
    472       return;
    473     }
    474     const NamedDecl *Dec = VarDefinitions[i].Dec;
    475     if (!Dec) {
    476       llvm::errs() << "<<NULL>>";
    477       return;
    478     }
    479     Dec->printName(llvm::errs());
    480     llvm::errs() << "." << i << " " << ((const void*) Dec);
    481   }
    482 
    483   /// Dumps an ASCII representation of the variable map to llvm::errs()
    484   void dump() {
    485     for (unsigned i = 1, e = VarDefinitions.size(); i < e; ++i) {
    486       const Expr *Exp = VarDefinitions[i].Exp;
    487       unsigned Ref = VarDefinitions[i].Ref;
    488 
    489       dumpVarDefinitionName(i);
    490       llvm::errs() << " = ";
    491       if (Exp) Exp->dump();
    492       else {
    493         dumpVarDefinitionName(Ref);
    494         llvm::errs() << "\n";
    495       }
    496     }
    497   }
    498 
    499   /// Dumps an ASCII representation of a Context to llvm::errs()
    500   void dumpContext(Context C) {
    501     for (Context::iterator I = C.begin(), E = C.end(); I != E; ++I) {
    502       const NamedDecl *D = I.getKey();
    503       D->printName(llvm::errs());
    504       const unsigned *i = C.lookup(D);
    505       llvm::errs() << " -> ";
    506       dumpVarDefinitionName(*i);
    507       llvm::errs() << "\n";
    508     }
    509   }
    510 
    511   /// Builds the variable map.
    512   void traverseCFG(CFG *CFGraph, const PostOrderCFGView *SortedGraph,
    513                    std::vector<CFGBlockInfo> &BlockInfo);
    514 
    515 protected:
    516   friend class VarMapBuilder;
    517 
    518   // Get the current context index
    519   unsigned getContextIndex() { return SavedContexts.size()-1; }
    520 
    521   // Save the current context for later replay
    522   void saveContext(const Stmt *S, Context C) {
    523     SavedContexts.push_back(std::make_pair(S, C));
    524   }
    525 
    526   // Adds a new definition to the given context, and returns a new context.
    527   // This method should be called when declaring a new variable.
    528   Context addDefinition(const NamedDecl *D, const Expr *Exp, Context Ctx) {
    529     assert(!Ctx.contains(D));
    530     unsigned newID = VarDefinitions.size();
    531     Context NewCtx = ContextFactory.add(Ctx, D, newID);
    532     VarDefinitions.push_back(VarDefinition(D, Exp, Ctx));
    533     return NewCtx;
    534   }
    535 
    536   // Add a new reference to an existing definition.
    537   Context addReference(const NamedDecl *D, unsigned i, Context Ctx) {
    538     unsigned newID = VarDefinitions.size();
    539     Context NewCtx = ContextFactory.add(Ctx, D, newID);
    540     VarDefinitions.push_back(VarDefinition(D, i, Ctx));
    541     return NewCtx;
    542   }
    543 
    544   // Updates a definition only if that definition is already in the map.
    545   // This method should be called when assigning to an existing variable.
    546   Context updateDefinition(const NamedDecl *D, Expr *Exp, Context Ctx) {
    547     if (Ctx.contains(D)) {
    548       unsigned newID = VarDefinitions.size();
    549       Context NewCtx = ContextFactory.remove(Ctx, D);
    550       NewCtx = ContextFactory.add(NewCtx, D, newID);
    551       VarDefinitions.push_back(VarDefinition(D, Exp, Ctx));
    552       return NewCtx;
    553     }
    554     return Ctx;
    555   }
    556 
    557   // Removes a definition from the context, but keeps the variable name
    558   // as a valid variable.  The index 0 is a placeholder for cleared definitions.
    559   Context clearDefinition(const NamedDecl *D, Context Ctx) {
    560     Context NewCtx = Ctx;
    561     if (NewCtx.contains(D)) {
    562       NewCtx = ContextFactory.remove(NewCtx, D);
    563       NewCtx = ContextFactory.add(NewCtx, D, 0);
    564     }
    565     return NewCtx;
    566   }
    567 
    568   // Remove a definition entirely frmo the context.
    569   Context removeDefinition(const NamedDecl *D, Context Ctx) {
    570     Context NewCtx = Ctx;
    571     if (NewCtx.contains(D)) {
    572       NewCtx = ContextFactory.remove(NewCtx, D);
    573     }
    574     return NewCtx;
    575   }
    576 
    577   Context intersectContexts(Context C1, Context C2);
    578   Context createReferenceContext(Context C);
    579   void intersectBackEdge(Context C1, Context C2);
    580 };
    581 
    582 } // namespace
    583 
    584 // This has to be defined after LocalVariableMap.
    585 CFGBlockInfo CFGBlockInfo::getEmptyBlockInfo(LocalVariableMap &M) {
    586   return CFGBlockInfo(M.getEmptyContext());
    587 }
    588 
    589 namespace {
    590 
    591 /// Visitor which builds a LocalVariableMap
    592 class VarMapBuilder : public ConstStmtVisitor<VarMapBuilder> {
    593 public:
    594   LocalVariableMap* VMap;
    595   LocalVariableMap::Context Ctx;
    596 
    597   VarMapBuilder(LocalVariableMap *VM, LocalVariableMap::Context C)
    598       : VMap(VM), Ctx(C) {}
    599 
    600   void VisitDeclStmt(const DeclStmt *S);
    601   void VisitBinaryOperator(const BinaryOperator *BO);
    602 };
    603 
    604 } // namespace
    605 
    606 // Add new local variables to the variable map
    607 void VarMapBuilder::VisitDeclStmt(const DeclStmt *S) {
    608   bool modifiedCtx = false;
    609   const DeclGroupRef DGrp = S->getDeclGroup();
    610   for (const auto *D : DGrp) {
    611     if (const auto *VD = dyn_cast_or_null<VarDecl>(D)) {
    612       const Expr *E = VD->getInit();
    613 
    614       // Add local variables with trivial type to the variable map
    615       QualType T = VD->getType();
    616       if (T.isTrivialType(VD->getASTContext())) {
    617         Ctx = VMap->addDefinition(VD, E, Ctx);
    618         modifiedCtx = true;
    619       }
    620     }
    621   }
    622   if (modifiedCtx)
    623     VMap->saveContext(S, Ctx);
    624 }
    625 
    626 // Update local variable definitions in variable map
    627 void VarMapBuilder::VisitBinaryOperator(const BinaryOperator *BO) {
    628   if (!BO->isAssignmentOp())
    629     return;
    630 
    631   Expr *LHSExp = BO->getLHS()->IgnoreParenCasts();
    632 
    633   // Update the variable map and current context.
    634   if (const auto *DRE = dyn_cast<DeclRefExpr>(LHSExp)) {
    635     const ValueDecl *VDec = DRE->getDecl();
    636     if (Ctx.lookup(VDec)) {
    637       if (BO->getOpcode() == BO_Assign)
    638         Ctx = VMap->updateDefinition(VDec, BO->getRHS(), Ctx);
    639       else
    640         // FIXME -- handle compound assignment operators
    641         Ctx = VMap->clearDefinition(VDec, Ctx);
    642       VMap->saveContext(BO, Ctx);
    643     }
    644   }
    645 }
    646 
    647 // Computes the intersection of two contexts.  The intersection is the
    648 // set of variables which have the same definition in both contexts;
    649 // variables with different definitions are discarded.
    650 LocalVariableMap::Context
    651 LocalVariableMap::intersectContexts(Context C1, Context C2) {
    652   Context Result = C1;
    653   for (const auto &P : C1) {
    654     const NamedDecl *Dec = P.first;
    655     const unsigned *i2 = C2.lookup(Dec);
    656     if (!i2)             // variable doesn't exist on second path
    657       Result = removeDefinition(Dec, Result);
    658     else if (*i2 != P.second)  // variable exists, but has different definition
    659       Result = clearDefinition(Dec, Result);
    660   }
    661   return Result;
    662 }
    663 
    664 // For every variable in C, create a new variable that refers to the
    665 // definition in C.  Return a new context that contains these new variables.
    666 // (We use this for a naive implementation of SSA on loop back-edges.)
    667 LocalVariableMap::Context LocalVariableMap::createReferenceContext(Context C) {
    668   Context Result = getEmptyContext();
    669   for (const auto &P : C)
    670     Result = addReference(P.first, P.second, Result);
    671   return Result;
    672 }
    673 
    674 // This routine also takes the intersection of C1 and C2, but it does so by
    675 // altering the VarDefinitions.  C1 must be the result of an earlier call to
    676 // createReferenceContext.
    677 void LocalVariableMap::intersectBackEdge(Context C1, Context C2) {
    678   for (const auto &P : C1) {
    679     unsigned i1 = P.second;
    680     VarDefinition *VDef = &VarDefinitions[i1];
    681     assert(VDef->isReference());
    682 
    683     const unsigned *i2 = C2.lookup(P.first);
    684     if (!i2 || (*i2 != i1))
    685       VDef->Ref = 0;    // Mark this variable as undefined
    686   }
    687 }
    688 
    689 // Traverse the CFG in topological order, so all predecessors of a block
    690 // (excluding back-edges) are visited before the block itself.  At
    691 // each point in the code, we calculate a Context, which holds the set of
    692 // variable definitions which are visible at that point in execution.
    693 // Visible variables are mapped to their definitions using an array that
    694 // contains all definitions.
    695 //
    696 // At join points in the CFG, the set is computed as the intersection of
    697 // the incoming sets along each edge, E.g.
    698 //
    699 //                       { Context                 | VarDefinitions }
    700 //   int x = 0;          { x -> x1                 | x1 = 0 }
    701 //   int y = 0;          { x -> x1, y -> y1        | y1 = 0, x1 = 0 }
    702 //   if (b) x = 1;       { x -> x2, y -> y1        | x2 = 1, y1 = 0, ... }
    703 //   else   x = 2;       { x -> x3, y -> y1        | x3 = 2, x2 = 1, ... }
    704 //   ...                 { y -> y1  (x is unknown) | x3 = 2, x2 = 1, ... }
    705 //
    706 // This is essentially a simpler and more naive version of the standard SSA
    707 // algorithm.  Those definitions that remain in the intersection are from blocks
    708 // that strictly dominate the current block.  We do not bother to insert proper
    709 // phi nodes, because they are not used in our analysis; instead, wherever
    710 // a phi node would be required, we simply remove that definition from the
    711 // context (E.g. x above).
    712 //
    713 // The initial traversal does not capture back-edges, so those need to be
    714 // handled on a separate pass.  Whenever the first pass encounters an
    715 // incoming back edge, it duplicates the context, creating new definitions
    716 // that refer back to the originals.  (These correspond to places where SSA
    717 // might have to insert a phi node.)  On the second pass, these definitions are
    718 // set to NULL if the variable has changed on the back-edge (i.e. a phi
    719 // node was actually required.)  E.g.
    720 //
    721 //                       { Context           | VarDefinitions }
    722 //   int x = 0, y = 0;   { x -> x1, y -> y1  | y1 = 0, x1 = 0 }
    723 //   while (b)           { x -> x2, y -> y1  | [1st:] x2=x1; [2nd:] x2=NULL; }
    724 //     x = x+1;          { x -> x3, y -> y1  | x3 = x2 + 1, ... }
    725 //   ...                 { y -> y1           | x3 = 2, x2 = 1, ... }
    726 void LocalVariableMap::traverseCFG(CFG *CFGraph,
    727                                    const PostOrderCFGView *SortedGraph,
    728                                    std::vector<CFGBlockInfo> &BlockInfo) {
    729   PostOrderCFGView::CFGBlockSet VisitedBlocks(CFGraph);
    730 
    731   CtxIndices.resize(CFGraph->getNumBlockIDs());
    732 
    733   for (const auto *CurrBlock : *SortedGraph) {
    734     unsigned CurrBlockID = CurrBlock->getBlockID();
    735     CFGBlockInfo *CurrBlockInfo = &BlockInfo[CurrBlockID];
    736 
    737     VisitedBlocks.insert(CurrBlock);
    738 
    739     // Calculate the entry context for the current block
    740     bool HasBackEdges = false;
    741     bool CtxInit = true;
    742     for (CFGBlock::const_pred_iterator PI = CurrBlock->pred_begin(),
    743          PE  = CurrBlock->pred_end(); PI != PE; ++PI) {
    744       // if *PI -> CurrBlock is a back edge, so skip it
    745       if (*PI == nullptr || !VisitedBlocks.alreadySet(*PI)) {
    746         HasBackEdges = true;
    747         continue;
    748       }
    749 
    750       unsigned PrevBlockID = (*PI)->getBlockID();
    751       CFGBlockInfo *PrevBlockInfo = &BlockInfo[PrevBlockID];
    752 
    753       if (CtxInit) {
    754         CurrBlockInfo->EntryContext = PrevBlockInfo->ExitContext;
    755         CtxInit = false;
    756       }
    757       else {
    758         CurrBlockInfo->EntryContext =
    759           intersectContexts(CurrBlockInfo->EntryContext,
    760                             PrevBlockInfo->ExitContext);
    761       }
    762     }
    763 
    764     // Duplicate the context if we have back-edges, so we can call
    765     // intersectBackEdges later.
    766     if (HasBackEdges)
    767       CurrBlockInfo->EntryContext =
    768         createReferenceContext(CurrBlockInfo->EntryContext);
    769 
    770     // Create a starting context index for the current block
    771     saveContext(nullptr, CurrBlockInfo->EntryContext);
    772     CurrBlockInfo->EntryIndex = getContextIndex();
    773 
    774     // Visit all the statements in the basic block.
    775     VarMapBuilder VMapBuilder(this, CurrBlockInfo->EntryContext);
    776     for (const auto &BI : *CurrBlock) {
    777       switch (BI.getKind()) {
    778         case CFGElement::Statement: {
    779           CFGStmt CS = BI.castAs<CFGStmt>();
    780           VMapBuilder.Visit(CS.getStmt());
    781           break;
    782         }
    783         default:
    784           break;
    785       }
    786     }
    787     CurrBlockInfo->ExitContext = VMapBuilder.Ctx;
    788 
    789     // Mark variables on back edges as "unknown" if they've been changed.
    790     for (CFGBlock::const_succ_iterator SI = CurrBlock->succ_begin(),
    791          SE  = CurrBlock->succ_end(); SI != SE; ++SI) {
    792       // if CurrBlock -> *SI is *not* a back edge
    793       if (*SI == nullptr || !VisitedBlocks.alreadySet(*SI))
    794         continue;
    795 
    796       CFGBlock *FirstLoopBlock = *SI;
    797       Context LoopBegin = BlockInfo[FirstLoopBlock->getBlockID()].EntryContext;
    798       Context LoopEnd   = CurrBlockInfo->ExitContext;
    799       intersectBackEdge(LoopBegin, LoopEnd);
    800     }
    801   }
    802 
    803   // Put an extra entry at the end of the indexed context array
    804   unsigned exitID = CFGraph->getExit().getBlockID();
    805   saveContext(nullptr, BlockInfo[exitID].ExitContext);
    806 }
    807 
    808 /// Find the appropriate source locations to use when producing diagnostics for
    809 /// each block in the CFG.
    810 static void findBlockLocations(CFG *CFGraph,
    811                                const PostOrderCFGView *SortedGraph,
    812                                std::vector<CFGBlockInfo> &BlockInfo) {
    813   for (const auto *CurrBlock : *SortedGraph) {
    814     CFGBlockInfo *CurrBlockInfo = &BlockInfo[CurrBlock->getBlockID()];
    815 
    816     // Find the source location of the last statement in the block, if the
    817     // block is not empty.
    818     if (const Stmt *S = CurrBlock->getTerminatorStmt()) {
    819       CurrBlockInfo->EntryLoc = CurrBlockInfo->ExitLoc = S->getBeginLoc();
    820     } else {
    821       for (CFGBlock::const_reverse_iterator BI = CurrBlock->rbegin(),
    822            BE = CurrBlock->rend(); BI != BE; ++BI) {
    823         // FIXME: Handle other CFGElement kinds.
    824         if (Optional<CFGStmt> CS = BI->getAs<CFGStmt>()) {
    825           CurrBlockInfo->ExitLoc = CS->getStmt()->getBeginLoc();
    826           break;
    827         }
    828       }
    829     }
    830 
    831     if (CurrBlockInfo->ExitLoc.isValid()) {
    832       // This block contains at least one statement. Find the source location
    833       // of the first statement in the block.
    834       for (const auto &BI : *CurrBlock) {
    835         // FIXME: Handle other CFGElement kinds.
    836         if (Optional<CFGStmt> CS = BI.getAs<CFGStmt>()) {
    837           CurrBlockInfo->EntryLoc = CS->getStmt()->getBeginLoc();
    838           break;
    839         }
    840       }
    841     } else if (CurrBlock->pred_size() == 1 && *CurrBlock->pred_begin() &&
    842                CurrBlock != &CFGraph->getExit()) {
    843       // The block is empty, and has a single predecessor. Use its exit
    844       // location.
    845       CurrBlockInfo->EntryLoc = CurrBlockInfo->ExitLoc =
    846           BlockInfo[(*CurrBlock->pred_begin())->getBlockID()].ExitLoc;
    847     }
    848   }
    849 }
    850 
    851 namespace {
    852 
    853 class LockableFactEntry : public FactEntry {
    854 private:
    855   /// managed by ScopedLockable object
    856   bool Managed;
    857 
    858 public:
    859   LockableFactEntry(const CapabilityExpr &CE, LockKind LK, SourceLocation Loc,
    860                     bool Mng = false, bool Asrt = false)
    861       : FactEntry(CE, LK, Loc, Asrt), Managed(Mng) {}
    862 
    863   void
    864   handleRemovalFromIntersection(const FactSet &FSet, FactManager &FactMan,
    865                                 SourceLocation JoinLoc, LockErrorKind LEK,
    866                                 ThreadSafetyHandler &Handler) const override {
    867     if (!Managed && !asserted() && !negative() && !isUniversal()) {
    868       Handler.handleMutexHeldEndOfScope("mutex", toString(), loc(), JoinLoc,
    869                                         LEK);
    870     }
    871   }
    872 
    873   void handleLock(FactSet &FSet, FactManager &FactMan, const FactEntry &entry,
    874                   ThreadSafetyHandler &Handler,
    875                   StringRef DiagKind) const override {
    876     Handler.handleDoubleLock(DiagKind, entry.toString(), loc(), entry.loc());
    877   }
    878 
    879   void handleUnlock(FactSet &FSet, FactManager &FactMan,
    880                     const CapabilityExpr &Cp, SourceLocation UnlockLoc,
    881                     bool FullyRemove, ThreadSafetyHandler &Handler,
    882                     StringRef DiagKind) const override {
    883     FSet.removeLock(FactMan, Cp);
    884     if (!Cp.negative()) {
    885       FSet.addLock(FactMan, std::make_unique<LockableFactEntry>(
    886                                 !Cp, LK_Exclusive, UnlockLoc));
    887     }
    888   }
    889 };
    890 
    891 class ScopedLockableFactEntry : public FactEntry {
    892 private:
    893   enum UnderlyingCapabilityKind {
    894     UCK_Acquired,          ///< Any kind of acquired capability.
    895     UCK_ReleasedShared,    ///< Shared capability that was released.
    896     UCK_ReleasedExclusive, ///< Exclusive capability that was released.
    897   };
    898 
    899   using UnderlyingCapability =
    900       llvm::PointerIntPair<const til::SExpr *, 2, UnderlyingCapabilityKind>;
    901 
    902   SmallVector<UnderlyingCapability, 4> UnderlyingMutexes;
    903 
    904 public:
    905   ScopedLockableFactEntry(const CapabilityExpr &CE, SourceLocation Loc)
    906       : FactEntry(CE, LK_Exclusive, Loc, false) {}
    907 
    908   void addExclusiveLock(const CapabilityExpr &M) {
    909     UnderlyingMutexes.emplace_back(M.sexpr(), UCK_Acquired);
    910   }
    911 
    912   void addSharedLock(const CapabilityExpr &M) {
    913     UnderlyingMutexes.emplace_back(M.sexpr(), UCK_Acquired);
    914   }
    915 
    916   void addExclusiveUnlock(const CapabilityExpr &M) {
    917     UnderlyingMutexes.emplace_back(M.sexpr(), UCK_ReleasedExclusive);
    918   }
    919 
    920   void addSharedUnlock(const CapabilityExpr &M) {
    921     UnderlyingMutexes.emplace_back(M.sexpr(), UCK_ReleasedShared);
    922   }
    923 
    924   void
    925   handleRemovalFromIntersection(const FactSet &FSet, FactManager &FactMan,
    926                                 SourceLocation JoinLoc, LockErrorKind LEK,
    927                                 ThreadSafetyHandler &Handler) const override {
    928     for (const auto &UnderlyingMutex : UnderlyingMutexes) {
    929       const auto *Entry = FSet.findLock(
    930           FactMan, CapabilityExpr(UnderlyingMutex.getPointer(), false));
    931       if ((UnderlyingMutex.getInt() == UCK_Acquired && Entry) ||
    932           (UnderlyingMutex.getInt() != UCK_Acquired && !Entry)) {
    933         // If this scoped lock manages another mutex, and if the underlying
    934         // mutex is still/not held, then warn about the underlying mutex.
    935         Handler.handleMutexHeldEndOfScope(
    936             "mutex", sx::toString(UnderlyingMutex.getPointer()), loc(), JoinLoc,
    937             LEK);
    938       }
    939     }
    940   }
    941 
    942   void handleLock(FactSet &FSet, FactManager &FactMan, const FactEntry &entry,
    943                   ThreadSafetyHandler &Handler,
    944                   StringRef DiagKind) const override {
    945     for (const auto &UnderlyingMutex : UnderlyingMutexes) {
    946       CapabilityExpr UnderCp(UnderlyingMutex.getPointer(), false);
    947 
    948       if (UnderlyingMutex.getInt() == UCK_Acquired)
    949         lock(FSet, FactMan, UnderCp, entry.kind(), entry.loc(), &Handler,
    950              DiagKind);
    951       else
    952         unlock(FSet, FactMan, UnderCp, entry.loc(), &Handler, DiagKind);
    953     }
    954   }
    955 
    956   void handleUnlock(FactSet &FSet, FactManager &FactMan,
    957                     const CapabilityExpr &Cp, SourceLocation UnlockLoc,
    958                     bool FullyRemove, ThreadSafetyHandler &Handler,
    959                     StringRef DiagKind) const override {
    960     assert(!Cp.negative() && "Managing object cannot be negative.");
    961     for (const auto &UnderlyingMutex : UnderlyingMutexes) {
    962       CapabilityExpr UnderCp(UnderlyingMutex.getPointer(), false);
    963 
    964       // Remove/lock the underlying mutex if it exists/is still unlocked; warn
    965       // on double unlocking/locking if we're not destroying the scoped object.
    966       ThreadSafetyHandler *TSHandler = FullyRemove ? nullptr : &Handler;
    967       if (UnderlyingMutex.getInt() == UCK_Acquired) {
    968         unlock(FSet, FactMan, UnderCp, UnlockLoc, TSHandler, DiagKind);
    969       } else {
    970         LockKind kind = UnderlyingMutex.getInt() == UCK_ReleasedShared
    971                             ? LK_Shared
    972                             : LK_Exclusive;
    973         lock(FSet, FactMan, UnderCp, kind, UnlockLoc, TSHandler, DiagKind);
    974       }
    975     }
    976     if (FullyRemove)
    977       FSet.removeLock(FactMan, Cp);
    978   }
    979 
    980 private:
    981   void lock(FactSet &FSet, FactManager &FactMan, const CapabilityExpr &Cp,
    982             LockKind kind, SourceLocation loc, ThreadSafetyHandler *Handler,
    983             StringRef DiagKind) const {
    984     if (const FactEntry *Fact = FSet.findLock(FactMan, Cp)) {
    985       if (Handler)
    986         Handler->handleDoubleLock(DiagKind, Cp.toString(), Fact->loc(), loc);
    987     } else {
    988       FSet.removeLock(FactMan, !Cp);
    989       FSet.addLock(FactMan,
    990                    std::make_unique<LockableFactEntry>(Cp, kind, loc));
    991     }
    992   }
    993 
    994   void unlock(FactSet &FSet, FactManager &FactMan, const CapabilityExpr &Cp,
    995               SourceLocation loc, ThreadSafetyHandler *Handler,
    996               StringRef DiagKind) const {
    997     if (FSet.findLock(FactMan, Cp)) {
    998       FSet.removeLock(FactMan, Cp);
    999       FSet.addLock(FactMan, std::make_unique<LockableFactEntry>(
   1000                                 !Cp, LK_Exclusive, loc));
   1001     } else if (Handler) {
   1002       Handler->handleUnmatchedUnlock(DiagKind, Cp.toString(), loc);
   1003     }
   1004   }
   1005 };
   1006 
   1007 /// Class which implements the core thread safety analysis routines.
   1008 class ThreadSafetyAnalyzer {
   1009   friend class BuildLockset;
   1010   friend class threadSafety::BeforeSet;
   1011 
   1012   llvm::BumpPtrAllocator Bpa;
   1013   threadSafety::til::MemRegionRef Arena;
   1014   threadSafety::SExprBuilder SxBuilder;
   1015 
   1016   ThreadSafetyHandler &Handler;
   1017   const CXXMethodDecl *CurrentMethod;
   1018   LocalVariableMap LocalVarMap;
   1019   FactManager FactMan;
   1020   std::vector<CFGBlockInfo> BlockInfo;
   1021 
   1022   BeforeSet *GlobalBeforeSet;
   1023 
   1024 public:
   1025   ThreadSafetyAnalyzer(ThreadSafetyHandler &H, BeforeSet* Bset)
   1026       : Arena(&Bpa), SxBuilder(Arena), Handler(H), GlobalBeforeSet(Bset) {}
   1027 
   1028   bool inCurrentScope(const CapabilityExpr &CapE);
   1029 
   1030   void addLock(FactSet &FSet, std::unique_ptr<FactEntry> Entry,
   1031                StringRef DiagKind, bool ReqAttr = false);
   1032   void removeLock(FactSet &FSet, const CapabilityExpr &CapE,
   1033                   SourceLocation UnlockLoc, bool FullyRemove, LockKind Kind,
   1034                   StringRef DiagKind);
   1035 
   1036   template <typename AttrType>
   1037   void getMutexIDs(CapExprSet &Mtxs, AttrType *Attr, const Expr *Exp,
   1038                    const NamedDecl *D, VarDecl *SelfDecl = nullptr);
   1039 
   1040   template <class AttrType>
   1041   void getMutexIDs(CapExprSet &Mtxs, AttrType *Attr, const Expr *Exp,
   1042                    const NamedDecl *D,
   1043                    const CFGBlock *PredBlock, const CFGBlock *CurrBlock,
   1044                    Expr *BrE, bool Neg);
   1045 
   1046   const CallExpr* getTrylockCallExpr(const Stmt *Cond, LocalVarContext C,
   1047                                      bool &Negate);
   1048 
   1049   void getEdgeLockset(FactSet &Result, const FactSet &ExitSet,
   1050                       const CFGBlock* PredBlock,
   1051                       const CFGBlock *CurrBlock);
   1052 
   1053   void intersectAndWarn(FactSet &FSet1, const FactSet &FSet2,
   1054                         SourceLocation JoinLoc,
   1055                         LockErrorKind LEK1, LockErrorKind LEK2,
   1056                         bool Modify=true);
   1057 
   1058   void intersectAndWarn(FactSet &FSet1, const FactSet &FSet2,
   1059                         SourceLocation JoinLoc, LockErrorKind LEK1,
   1060                         bool Modify=true) {
   1061     intersectAndWarn(FSet1, FSet2, JoinLoc, LEK1, LEK1, Modify);
   1062   }
   1063 
   1064   void runAnalysis(AnalysisDeclContext &AC);
   1065 };
   1066 
   1067 } // namespace
   1068 
   1069 /// Process acquired_before and acquired_after attributes on Vd.
   1070 BeforeSet::BeforeInfo* BeforeSet::insertAttrExprs(const ValueDecl* Vd,
   1071     ThreadSafetyAnalyzer& Analyzer) {
   1072   // Create a new entry for Vd.
   1073   BeforeInfo *Info = nullptr;
   1074   {
   1075     // Keep InfoPtr in its own scope in case BMap is modified later and the
   1076     // reference becomes invalid.
   1077     std::unique_ptr<BeforeInfo> &InfoPtr = BMap[Vd];
   1078     if (!InfoPtr)
   1079       InfoPtr.reset(new BeforeInfo());
   1080     Info = InfoPtr.get();
   1081   }
   1082 
   1083   for (const auto *At : Vd->attrs()) {
   1084     switch (At->getKind()) {
   1085       case attr::AcquiredBefore: {
   1086         const auto *A = cast<AcquiredBeforeAttr>(At);
   1087 
   1088         // Read exprs from the attribute, and add them to BeforeVect.
   1089         for (const auto *Arg : A->args()) {
   1090           CapabilityExpr Cp =
   1091             Analyzer.SxBuilder.translateAttrExpr(Arg, nullptr);
   1092           if (const ValueDecl *Cpvd = Cp.valueDecl()) {
   1093             Info->Vect.push_back(Cpvd);
   1094             const auto It = BMap.find(Cpvd);
   1095             if (It == BMap.end())
   1096               insertAttrExprs(Cpvd, Analyzer);
   1097           }
   1098         }
   1099         break;
   1100       }
   1101       case attr::AcquiredAfter: {
   1102         const auto *A = cast<AcquiredAfterAttr>(At);
   1103 
   1104         // Read exprs from the attribute, and add them to BeforeVect.
   1105         for (const auto *Arg : A->args()) {
   1106           CapabilityExpr Cp =
   1107             Analyzer.SxBuilder.translateAttrExpr(Arg, nullptr);
   1108           if (const ValueDecl *ArgVd = Cp.valueDecl()) {
   1109             // Get entry for mutex listed in attribute
   1110             BeforeInfo *ArgInfo = getBeforeInfoForDecl(ArgVd, Analyzer);
   1111             ArgInfo->Vect.push_back(Vd);
   1112           }
   1113         }
   1114         break;
   1115       }
   1116       default:
   1117         break;
   1118     }
   1119   }
   1120 
   1121   return Info;
   1122 }
   1123 
   1124 BeforeSet::BeforeInfo *
   1125 BeforeSet::getBeforeInfoForDecl(const ValueDecl *Vd,
   1126                                 ThreadSafetyAnalyzer &Analyzer) {
   1127   auto It = BMap.find(Vd);
   1128   BeforeInfo *Info = nullptr;
   1129   if (It == BMap.end())
   1130     Info = insertAttrExprs(Vd, Analyzer);
   1131   else
   1132     Info = It->second.get();
   1133   assert(Info && "BMap contained nullptr?");
   1134   return Info;
   1135 }
   1136 
   1137 /// Return true if any mutexes in FSet are in the acquired_before set of Vd.
   1138 void BeforeSet::checkBeforeAfter(const ValueDecl* StartVd,
   1139                                  const FactSet& FSet,
   1140                                  ThreadSafetyAnalyzer& Analyzer,
   1141                                  SourceLocation Loc, StringRef CapKind) {
   1142   SmallVector<BeforeInfo*, 8> InfoVect;
   1143 
   1144   // Do a depth-first traversal of Vd.
   1145   // Return true if there are cycles.
   1146   std::function<bool (const ValueDecl*)> traverse = [&](const ValueDecl* Vd) {
   1147     if (!Vd)
   1148       return false;
   1149 
   1150     BeforeSet::BeforeInfo *Info = getBeforeInfoForDecl(Vd, Analyzer);
   1151 
   1152     if (Info->Visited == 1)
   1153       return true;
   1154 
   1155     if (Info->Visited == 2)
   1156       return false;
   1157 
   1158     if (Info->Vect.empty())
   1159       return false;
   1160 
   1161     InfoVect.push_back(Info);
   1162     Info->Visited = 1;
   1163     for (const auto *Vdb : Info->Vect) {
   1164       // Exclude mutexes in our immediate before set.
   1165       if (FSet.containsMutexDecl(Analyzer.FactMan, Vdb)) {
   1166         StringRef L1 = StartVd->getName();
   1167         StringRef L2 = Vdb->getName();
   1168         Analyzer.Handler.handleLockAcquiredBefore(CapKind, L1, L2, Loc);
   1169       }
   1170       // Transitively search other before sets, and warn on cycles.
   1171       if (traverse(Vdb)) {
   1172         if (CycMap.find(Vd) == CycMap.end()) {
   1173           CycMap.insert(std::make_pair(Vd, true));
   1174           StringRef L1 = Vd->getName();
   1175           Analyzer.Handler.handleBeforeAfterCycle(L1, Vd->getLocation());
   1176         }
   1177       }
   1178     }
   1179     Info->Visited = 2;
   1180     return false;
   1181   };
   1182 
   1183   traverse(StartVd);
   1184 
   1185   for (auto *Info : InfoVect)
   1186     Info->Visited = 0;
   1187 }
   1188 
   1189 /// Gets the value decl pointer from DeclRefExprs or MemberExprs.
   1190 static const ValueDecl *getValueDecl(const Expr *Exp) {
   1191   if (const auto *CE = dyn_cast<ImplicitCastExpr>(Exp))
   1192     return getValueDecl(CE->getSubExpr());
   1193 
   1194   if (const auto *DR = dyn_cast<DeclRefExpr>(Exp))
   1195     return DR->getDecl();
   1196 
   1197   if (const auto *ME = dyn_cast<MemberExpr>(Exp))
   1198     return ME->getMemberDecl();
   1199 
   1200   return nullptr;
   1201 }
   1202 
   1203 namespace {
   1204 
   1205 template <typename Ty>
   1206 class has_arg_iterator_range {
   1207   using yes = char[1];
   1208   using no = char[2];
   1209 
   1210   template <typename Inner>
   1211   static yes& test(Inner *I, decltype(I->args()) * = nullptr);
   1212 
   1213   template <typename>
   1214   static no& test(...);
   1215 
   1216 public:
   1217   static const bool value = sizeof(test<Ty>(nullptr)) == sizeof(yes);
   1218 };
   1219 
   1220 } // namespace
   1221 
   1222 static StringRef ClassifyDiagnostic(const CapabilityAttr *A) {
   1223   return A->getName();
   1224 }
   1225 
   1226 static StringRef ClassifyDiagnostic(QualType VDT) {
   1227   // We need to look at the declaration of the type of the value to determine
   1228   // which it is. The type should either be a record or a typedef, or a pointer
   1229   // or reference thereof.
   1230   if (const auto *RT = VDT->getAs<RecordType>()) {
   1231     if (const auto *RD = RT->getDecl())
   1232       if (const auto *CA = RD->getAttr<CapabilityAttr>())
   1233         return ClassifyDiagnostic(CA);
   1234   } else if (const auto *TT = VDT->getAs<TypedefType>()) {
   1235     if (const auto *TD = TT->getDecl())
   1236       if (const auto *CA = TD->getAttr<CapabilityAttr>())
   1237         return ClassifyDiagnostic(CA);
   1238   } else if (VDT->isPointerType() || VDT->isReferenceType())
   1239     return ClassifyDiagnostic(VDT->getPointeeType());
   1240 
   1241   return "mutex";
   1242 }
   1243 
   1244 static StringRef ClassifyDiagnostic(const ValueDecl *VD) {
   1245   assert(VD && "No ValueDecl passed");
   1246 
   1247   // The ValueDecl is the declaration of a mutex or role (hopefully).
   1248   return ClassifyDiagnostic(VD->getType());
   1249 }
   1250 
   1251 template <typename AttrTy>
   1252 static typename std::enable_if<!has_arg_iterator_range<AttrTy>::value,
   1253                                StringRef>::type
   1254 ClassifyDiagnostic(const AttrTy *A) {
   1255   if (const ValueDecl *VD = getValueDecl(A->getArg()))
   1256     return ClassifyDiagnostic(VD);
   1257   return "mutex";
   1258 }
   1259 
   1260 template <typename AttrTy>
   1261 static typename std::enable_if<has_arg_iterator_range<AttrTy>::value,
   1262                                StringRef>::type
   1263 ClassifyDiagnostic(const AttrTy *A) {
   1264   for (const auto *Arg : A->args()) {
   1265     if (const ValueDecl *VD = getValueDecl(Arg))
   1266       return ClassifyDiagnostic(VD);
   1267   }
   1268   return "mutex";
   1269 }
   1270 
   1271 bool ThreadSafetyAnalyzer::inCurrentScope(const CapabilityExpr &CapE) {
   1272   if (!CurrentMethod)
   1273       return false;
   1274   if (const auto *P = dyn_cast_or_null<til::Project>(CapE.sexpr())) {
   1275     const auto *VD = P->clangDecl();
   1276     if (VD)
   1277       return VD->getDeclContext() == CurrentMethod->getDeclContext();
   1278   }
   1279   return false;
   1280 }
   1281 
   1282 /// Add a new lock to the lockset, warning if the lock is already there.
   1283 /// \param ReqAttr -- true if this is part of an initial Requires attribute.
   1284 void ThreadSafetyAnalyzer::addLock(FactSet &FSet,
   1285                                    std::unique_ptr<FactEntry> Entry,
   1286                                    StringRef DiagKind, bool ReqAttr) {
   1287   if (Entry->shouldIgnore())
   1288     return;
   1289 
   1290   if (!ReqAttr && !Entry->negative()) {
   1291     // look for the negative capability, and remove it from the fact set.
   1292     CapabilityExpr NegC = !*Entry;
   1293     const FactEntry *Nen = FSet.findLock(FactMan, NegC);
   1294     if (Nen) {
   1295       FSet.removeLock(FactMan, NegC);
   1296     }
   1297     else {
   1298       if (inCurrentScope(*Entry) && !Entry->asserted())
   1299         Handler.handleNegativeNotHeld(DiagKind, Entry->toString(),
   1300                                       NegC.toString(), Entry->loc());
   1301     }
   1302   }
   1303 
   1304   // Check before/after constraints
   1305   if (Handler.issueBetaWarnings() &&
   1306       !Entry->asserted() && !Entry->declared()) {
   1307     GlobalBeforeSet->checkBeforeAfter(Entry->valueDecl(), FSet, *this,
   1308                                       Entry->loc(), DiagKind);
   1309   }
   1310 
   1311   // FIXME: Don't always warn when we have support for reentrant locks.
   1312   if (const FactEntry *Cp = FSet.findLock(FactMan, *Entry)) {
   1313     if (!Entry->asserted())
   1314       Cp->handleLock(FSet, FactMan, *Entry, Handler, DiagKind);
   1315   } else {
   1316     FSet.addLock(FactMan, std::move(Entry));
   1317   }
   1318 }
   1319 
   1320 /// Remove a lock from the lockset, warning if the lock is not there.
   1321 /// \param UnlockLoc The source location of the unlock (only used in error msg)
   1322 void ThreadSafetyAnalyzer::removeLock(FactSet &FSet, const CapabilityExpr &Cp,
   1323                                       SourceLocation UnlockLoc,
   1324                                       bool FullyRemove, LockKind ReceivedKind,
   1325                                       StringRef DiagKind) {
   1326   if (Cp.shouldIgnore())
   1327     return;
   1328 
   1329   const FactEntry *LDat = FSet.findLock(FactMan, Cp);
   1330   if (!LDat) {
   1331     Handler.handleUnmatchedUnlock(DiagKind, Cp.toString(), UnlockLoc);
   1332     return;
   1333   }
   1334 
   1335   // Generic lock removal doesn't care about lock kind mismatches, but
   1336   // otherwise diagnose when the lock kinds are mismatched.
   1337   if (ReceivedKind != LK_Generic && LDat->kind() != ReceivedKind) {
   1338     Handler.handleIncorrectUnlockKind(DiagKind, Cp.toString(), LDat->kind(),
   1339                                       ReceivedKind, LDat->loc(), UnlockLoc);
   1340   }
   1341 
   1342   LDat->handleUnlock(FSet, FactMan, Cp, UnlockLoc, FullyRemove, Handler,
   1343                      DiagKind);
   1344 }
   1345 
   1346 /// Extract the list of mutexIDs from the attribute on an expression,
   1347 /// and push them onto Mtxs, discarding any duplicates.
   1348 template <typename AttrType>
   1349 void ThreadSafetyAnalyzer::getMutexIDs(CapExprSet &Mtxs, AttrType *Attr,
   1350                                        const Expr *Exp, const NamedDecl *D,
   1351                                        VarDecl *SelfDecl) {
   1352   if (Attr->args_size() == 0) {
   1353     // The mutex held is the "this" object.
   1354     CapabilityExpr Cp = SxBuilder.translateAttrExpr(nullptr, D, Exp, SelfDecl);
   1355     if (Cp.isInvalid()) {
   1356        warnInvalidLock(Handler, nullptr, D, Exp, ClassifyDiagnostic(Attr));
   1357        return;
   1358     }
   1359     //else
   1360     if (!Cp.shouldIgnore())
   1361       Mtxs.push_back_nodup(Cp);
   1362     return;
   1363   }
   1364 
   1365   for (const auto *Arg : Attr->args()) {
   1366     CapabilityExpr Cp = SxBuilder.translateAttrExpr(Arg, D, Exp, SelfDecl);
   1367     if (Cp.isInvalid()) {
   1368        warnInvalidLock(Handler, nullptr, D, Exp, ClassifyDiagnostic(Attr));
   1369        continue;
   1370     }
   1371     //else
   1372     if (!Cp.shouldIgnore())
   1373       Mtxs.push_back_nodup(Cp);
   1374   }
   1375 }
   1376 
   1377 /// Extract the list of mutexIDs from a trylock attribute.  If the
   1378 /// trylock applies to the given edge, then push them onto Mtxs, discarding
   1379 /// any duplicates.
   1380 template <class AttrType>
   1381 void ThreadSafetyAnalyzer::getMutexIDs(CapExprSet &Mtxs, AttrType *Attr,
   1382                                        const Expr *Exp, const NamedDecl *D,
   1383                                        const CFGBlock *PredBlock,
   1384                                        const CFGBlock *CurrBlock,
   1385                                        Expr *BrE, bool Neg) {
   1386   // Find out which branch has the lock
   1387   bool branch = false;
   1388   if (const auto *BLE = dyn_cast_or_null<CXXBoolLiteralExpr>(BrE))
   1389     branch = BLE->getValue();
   1390   else if (const auto *ILE = dyn_cast_or_null<IntegerLiteral>(BrE))
   1391     branch = ILE->getValue().getBoolValue();
   1392 
   1393   int branchnum = branch ? 0 : 1;
   1394   if (Neg)
   1395     branchnum = !branchnum;
   1396 
   1397   // If we've taken the trylock branch, then add the lock
   1398   int i = 0;
   1399   for (CFGBlock::const_succ_iterator SI = PredBlock->succ_begin(),
   1400        SE = PredBlock->succ_end(); SI != SE && i < 2; ++SI, ++i) {
   1401     if (*SI == CurrBlock && i == branchnum)
   1402       getMutexIDs(Mtxs, Attr, Exp, D);
   1403   }
   1404 }
   1405 
   1406 static bool getStaticBooleanValue(Expr *E, bool &TCond) {
   1407   if (isa<CXXNullPtrLiteralExpr>(E) || isa<GNUNullExpr>(E)) {
   1408     TCond = false;
   1409     return true;
   1410   } else if (const auto *BLE = dyn_cast<CXXBoolLiteralExpr>(E)) {
   1411     TCond = BLE->getValue();
   1412     return true;
   1413   } else if (const auto *ILE = dyn_cast<IntegerLiteral>(E)) {
   1414     TCond = ILE->getValue().getBoolValue();
   1415     return true;
   1416   } else if (auto *CE = dyn_cast<ImplicitCastExpr>(E))
   1417     return getStaticBooleanValue(CE->getSubExpr(), TCond);
   1418   return false;
   1419 }
   1420 
   1421 // If Cond can be traced back to a function call, return the call expression.
   1422 // The negate variable should be called with false, and will be set to true
   1423 // if the function call is negated, e.g. if (!mu.tryLock(...))
   1424 const CallExpr* ThreadSafetyAnalyzer::getTrylockCallExpr(const Stmt *Cond,
   1425                                                          LocalVarContext C,
   1426                                                          bool &Negate) {
   1427   if (!Cond)
   1428     return nullptr;
   1429 
   1430   if (const auto *CallExp = dyn_cast<CallExpr>(Cond)) {
   1431     if (CallExp->getBuiltinCallee() == Builtin::BI__builtin_expect)
   1432       return getTrylockCallExpr(CallExp->getArg(0), C, Negate);
   1433     return CallExp;
   1434   }
   1435   else if (const auto *PE = dyn_cast<ParenExpr>(Cond))
   1436     return getTrylockCallExpr(PE->getSubExpr(), C, Negate);
   1437   else if (const auto *CE = dyn_cast<ImplicitCastExpr>(Cond))
   1438     return getTrylockCallExpr(CE->getSubExpr(), C, Negate);
   1439   else if (const auto *FE = dyn_cast<FullExpr>(Cond))
   1440     return getTrylockCallExpr(FE->getSubExpr(), C, Negate);
   1441   else if (const auto *DRE = dyn_cast<DeclRefExpr>(Cond)) {
   1442     const Expr *E = LocalVarMap.lookupExpr(DRE->getDecl(), C);
   1443     return getTrylockCallExpr(E, C, Negate);
   1444   }
   1445   else if (const auto *UOP = dyn_cast<UnaryOperator>(Cond)) {
   1446     if (UOP->getOpcode() == UO_LNot) {
   1447       Negate = !Negate;
   1448       return getTrylockCallExpr(UOP->getSubExpr(), C, Negate);
   1449     }
   1450     return nullptr;
   1451   }
   1452   else if (const auto *BOP = dyn_cast<BinaryOperator>(Cond)) {
   1453     if (BOP->getOpcode() == BO_EQ || BOP->getOpcode() == BO_NE) {
   1454       if (BOP->getOpcode() == BO_NE)
   1455         Negate = !Negate;
   1456 
   1457       bool TCond = false;
   1458       if (getStaticBooleanValue(BOP->getRHS(), TCond)) {
   1459         if (!TCond) Negate = !Negate;
   1460         return getTrylockCallExpr(BOP->getLHS(), C, Negate);
   1461       }
   1462       TCond = false;
   1463       if (getStaticBooleanValue(BOP->getLHS(), TCond)) {
   1464         if (!TCond) Negate = !Negate;
   1465         return getTrylockCallExpr(BOP->getRHS(), C, Negate);
   1466       }
   1467       return nullptr;
   1468     }
   1469     if (BOP->getOpcode() == BO_LAnd) {
   1470       // LHS must have been evaluated in a different block.
   1471       return getTrylockCallExpr(BOP->getRHS(), C, Negate);
   1472     }
   1473     if (BOP->getOpcode() == BO_LOr)
   1474       return getTrylockCallExpr(BOP->getRHS(), C, Negate);
   1475     return nullptr;
   1476   } else if (const auto *COP = dyn_cast<ConditionalOperator>(Cond)) {
   1477     bool TCond, FCond;
   1478     if (getStaticBooleanValue(COP->getTrueExpr(), TCond) &&
   1479         getStaticBooleanValue(COP->getFalseExpr(), FCond)) {
   1480       if (TCond && !FCond)
   1481         return getTrylockCallExpr(COP->getCond(), C, Negate);
   1482       if (!TCond && FCond) {
   1483         Negate = !Negate;
   1484         return getTrylockCallExpr(COP->getCond(), C, Negate);
   1485       }
   1486     }
   1487   }
   1488   return nullptr;
   1489 }
   1490 
   1491 /// Find the lockset that holds on the edge between PredBlock
   1492 /// and CurrBlock.  The edge set is the exit set of PredBlock (passed
   1493 /// as the ExitSet parameter) plus any trylocks, which are conditionally held.
   1494 void ThreadSafetyAnalyzer::getEdgeLockset(FactSet& Result,
   1495                                           const FactSet &ExitSet,
   1496                                           const CFGBlock *PredBlock,
   1497                                           const CFGBlock *CurrBlock) {
   1498   Result = ExitSet;
   1499 
   1500   const Stmt *Cond = PredBlock->getTerminatorCondition();
   1501   // We don't acquire try-locks on ?: branches, only when its result is used.
   1502   if (!Cond || isa<ConditionalOperator>(PredBlock->getTerminatorStmt()))
   1503     return;
   1504 
   1505   bool Negate = false;
   1506   const CFGBlockInfo *PredBlockInfo = &BlockInfo[PredBlock->getBlockID()];
   1507   const LocalVarContext &LVarCtx = PredBlockInfo->ExitContext;
   1508   StringRef CapDiagKind = "mutex";
   1509 
   1510   const auto *Exp = getTrylockCallExpr(Cond, LVarCtx, Negate);
   1511   if (!Exp)
   1512     return;
   1513 
   1514   auto *FunDecl = dyn_cast_or_null<NamedDecl>(Exp->getCalleeDecl());
   1515   if(!FunDecl || !FunDecl->hasAttrs())
   1516     return;
   1517 
   1518   CapExprSet ExclusiveLocksToAdd;
   1519   CapExprSet SharedLocksToAdd;
   1520 
   1521   // If the condition is a call to a Trylock function, then grab the attributes
   1522   for (const auto *Attr : FunDecl->attrs()) {
   1523     switch (Attr->getKind()) {
   1524       case attr::TryAcquireCapability: {
   1525         auto *A = cast<TryAcquireCapabilityAttr>(Attr);
   1526         getMutexIDs(A->isShared() ? SharedLocksToAdd : ExclusiveLocksToAdd, A,
   1527                     Exp, FunDecl, PredBlock, CurrBlock, A->getSuccessValue(),
   1528                     Negate);
   1529         CapDiagKind = ClassifyDiagnostic(A);
   1530         break;
   1531       };
   1532       case attr::ExclusiveTrylockFunction: {
   1533         const auto *A = cast<ExclusiveTrylockFunctionAttr>(Attr);
   1534         getMutexIDs(ExclusiveLocksToAdd, A, Exp, FunDecl,
   1535                     PredBlock, CurrBlock, A->getSuccessValue(), Negate);
   1536         CapDiagKind = ClassifyDiagnostic(A);
   1537         break;
   1538       }
   1539       case attr::SharedTrylockFunction: {
   1540         const auto *A = cast<SharedTrylockFunctionAttr>(Attr);
   1541         getMutexIDs(SharedLocksToAdd, A, Exp, FunDecl,
   1542                     PredBlock, CurrBlock, A->getSuccessValue(), Negate);
   1543         CapDiagKind = ClassifyDiagnostic(A);
   1544         break;
   1545       }
   1546       default:
   1547         break;
   1548     }
   1549   }
   1550 
   1551   // Add and remove locks.
   1552   SourceLocation Loc = Exp->getExprLoc();
   1553   for (const auto &ExclusiveLockToAdd : ExclusiveLocksToAdd)
   1554     addLock(Result, std::make_unique<LockableFactEntry>(ExclusiveLockToAdd,
   1555                                                          LK_Exclusive, Loc),
   1556             CapDiagKind);
   1557   for (const auto &SharedLockToAdd : SharedLocksToAdd)
   1558     addLock(Result, std::make_unique<LockableFactEntry>(SharedLockToAdd,
   1559                                                          LK_Shared, Loc),
   1560             CapDiagKind);
   1561 }
   1562 
   1563 namespace {
   1564 
   1565 /// We use this class to visit different types of expressions in
   1566 /// CFGBlocks, and build up the lockset.
   1567 /// An expression may cause us to add or remove locks from the lockset, or else
   1568 /// output error messages related to missing locks.
   1569 /// FIXME: In future, we may be able to not inherit from a visitor.
   1570 class BuildLockset : public ConstStmtVisitor<BuildLockset> {
   1571   friend class ThreadSafetyAnalyzer;
   1572 
   1573   ThreadSafetyAnalyzer *Analyzer;
   1574   FactSet FSet;
   1575   LocalVariableMap::Context LVarCtx;
   1576   unsigned CtxIndex;
   1577 
   1578   // helper functions
   1579   void warnIfMutexNotHeld(const NamedDecl *D, const Expr *Exp, AccessKind AK,
   1580                           Expr *MutexExp, ProtectedOperationKind POK,
   1581                           StringRef DiagKind, SourceLocation Loc);
   1582   void warnIfMutexHeld(const NamedDecl *D, const Expr *Exp, Expr *MutexExp,
   1583                        StringRef DiagKind);
   1584 
   1585   void checkAccess(const Expr *Exp, AccessKind AK,
   1586                    ProtectedOperationKind POK = POK_VarAccess);
   1587   void checkPtAccess(const Expr *Exp, AccessKind AK,
   1588                      ProtectedOperationKind POK = POK_VarAccess);
   1589 
   1590   void handleCall(const Expr *Exp, const NamedDecl *D, VarDecl *VD = nullptr);
   1591   void examineArguments(const FunctionDecl *FD,
   1592                         CallExpr::const_arg_iterator ArgBegin,
   1593                         CallExpr::const_arg_iterator ArgEnd,
   1594                         bool SkipFirstParam = false);
   1595 
   1596 public:
   1597   BuildLockset(ThreadSafetyAnalyzer *Anlzr, CFGBlockInfo &Info)
   1598       : ConstStmtVisitor<BuildLockset>(), Analyzer(Anlzr), FSet(Info.EntrySet),
   1599         LVarCtx(Info.EntryContext), CtxIndex(Info.EntryIndex) {}
   1600 
   1601   void VisitUnaryOperator(const UnaryOperator *UO);
   1602   void VisitBinaryOperator(const BinaryOperator *BO);
   1603   void VisitCastExpr(const CastExpr *CE);
   1604   void VisitCallExpr(const CallExpr *Exp);
   1605   void VisitCXXConstructExpr(const CXXConstructExpr *Exp);
   1606   void VisitDeclStmt(const DeclStmt *S);
   1607 };
   1608 
   1609 } // namespace
   1610 
   1611 /// Warn if the LSet does not contain a lock sufficient to protect access
   1612 /// of at least the passed in AccessKind.
   1613 void BuildLockset::warnIfMutexNotHeld(const NamedDecl *D, const Expr *Exp,
   1614                                       AccessKind AK, Expr *MutexExp,
   1615                                       ProtectedOperationKind POK,
   1616                                       StringRef DiagKind, SourceLocation Loc) {
   1617   LockKind LK = getLockKindFromAccessKind(AK);
   1618 
   1619   CapabilityExpr Cp = Analyzer->SxBuilder.translateAttrExpr(MutexExp, D, Exp);
   1620   if (Cp.isInvalid()) {
   1621     warnInvalidLock(Analyzer->Handler, MutexExp, D, Exp, DiagKind);
   1622     return;
   1623   } else if (Cp.shouldIgnore()) {
   1624     return;
   1625   }
   1626 
   1627   if (Cp.negative()) {
   1628     // Negative capabilities act like locks excluded
   1629     const FactEntry *LDat = FSet.findLock(Analyzer->FactMan, !Cp);
   1630     if (LDat) {
   1631       Analyzer->Handler.handleFunExcludesLock(
   1632           DiagKind, D->getNameAsString(), (!Cp).toString(), Loc);
   1633       return;
   1634     }
   1635 
   1636     // If this does not refer to a negative capability in the same class,
   1637     // then stop here.
   1638     if (!Analyzer->inCurrentScope(Cp))
   1639       return;
   1640 
   1641     // Otherwise the negative requirement must be propagated to the caller.
   1642     LDat = FSet.findLock(Analyzer->FactMan, Cp);
   1643     if (!LDat) {
   1644       Analyzer->Handler.handleMutexNotHeld("", D, POK, Cp.toString(),
   1645                                            LK_Shared, Loc);
   1646     }
   1647     return;
   1648   }
   1649 
   1650   const FactEntry *LDat = FSet.findLockUniv(Analyzer->FactMan, Cp);
   1651   bool NoError = true;
   1652   if (!LDat) {
   1653     // No exact match found.  Look for a partial match.
   1654     LDat = FSet.findPartialMatch(Analyzer->FactMan, Cp);
   1655     if (LDat) {
   1656       // Warn that there's no precise match.
   1657       std::string PartMatchStr = LDat->toString();
   1658       StringRef   PartMatchName(PartMatchStr);
   1659       Analyzer->Handler.handleMutexNotHeld(DiagKind, D, POK, Cp.toString(),
   1660                                            LK, Loc, &PartMatchName);
   1661     } else {
   1662       // Warn that there's no match at all.
   1663       Analyzer->Handler.handleMutexNotHeld(DiagKind, D, POK, Cp.toString(),
   1664                                            LK, Loc);
   1665     }
   1666     NoError = false;
   1667   }
   1668   // Make sure the mutex we found is the right kind.
   1669   if (NoError && LDat && !LDat->isAtLeast(LK)) {
   1670     Analyzer->Handler.handleMutexNotHeld(DiagKind, D, POK, Cp.toString(),
   1671                                          LK, Loc);
   1672   }
   1673 }
   1674 
   1675 /// Warn if the LSet contains the given lock.
   1676 void BuildLockset::warnIfMutexHeld(const NamedDecl *D, const Expr *Exp,
   1677                                    Expr *MutexExp, StringRef DiagKind) {
   1678   CapabilityExpr Cp = Analyzer->SxBuilder.translateAttrExpr(MutexExp, D, Exp);
   1679   if (Cp.isInvalid()) {
   1680     warnInvalidLock(Analyzer->Handler, MutexExp, D, Exp, DiagKind);
   1681     return;
   1682   } else if (Cp.shouldIgnore()) {
   1683     return;
   1684   }
   1685 
   1686   const FactEntry *LDat = FSet.findLock(Analyzer->FactMan, Cp);
   1687   if (LDat) {
   1688     Analyzer->Handler.handleFunExcludesLock(
   1689         DiagKind, D->getNameAsString(), Cp.toString(), Exp->getExprLoc());
   1690   }
   1691 }
   1692 
   1693 /// Checks guarded_by and pt_guarded_by attributes.
   1694 /// Whenever we identify an access (read or write) to a DeclRefExpr that is
   1695 /// marked with guarded_by, we must ensure the appropriate mutexes are held.
   1696 /// Similarly, we check if the access is to an expression that dereferences
   1697 /// a pointer marked with pt_guarded_by.
   1698 void BuildLockset::checkAccess(const Expr *Exp, AccessKind AK,
   1699                                ProtectedOperationKind POK) {
   1700   Exp = Exp->IgnoreImplicit()->IgnoreParenCasts();
   1701 
   1702   SourceLocation Loc = Exp->getExprLoc();
   1703 
   1704   // Local variables of reference type cannot be re-assigned;
   1705   // map them to their initializer.
   1706   while (const auto *DRE = dyn_cast<DeclRefExpr>(Exp)) {
   1707     const auto *VD = dyn_cast<VarDecl>(DRE->getDecl()->getCanonicalDecl());
   1708     if (VD && VD->isLocalVarDecl() && VD->getType()->isReferenceType()) {
   1709       if (const auto *E = VD->getInit()) {
   1710         // Guard against self-initialization. e.g., int &i = i;
   1711         if (E == Exp)
   1712           break;
   1713         Exp = E;
   1714         continue;
   1715       }
   1716     }
   1717     break;
   1718   }
   1719 
   1720   if (const auto *UO = dyn_cast<UnaryOperator>(Exp)) {
   1721     // For dereferences
   1722     if (UO->getOpcode() == UO_Deref)
   1723       checkPtAccess(UO->getSubExpr(), AK, POK);
   1724     return;
   1725   }
   1726 
   1727   if (const auto *AE = dyn_cast<ArraySubscriptExpr>(Exp)) {
   1728     checkPtAccess(AE->getLHS(), AK, POK);
   1729     return;
   1730   }
   1731 
   1732   if (const auto *ME = dyn_cast<MemberExpr>(Exp)) {
   1733     if (ME->isArrow())
   1734       checkPtAccess(ME->getBase(), AK, POK);
   1735     else
   1736       checkAccess(ME->getBase(), AK, POK);
   1737   }
   1738 
   1739   const ValueDecl *D = getValueDecl(Exp);
   1740   if (!D || !D->hasAttrs())
   1741     return;
   1742 
   1743   if (D->hasAttr<GuardedVarAttr>() && FSet.isEmpty(Analyzer->FactMan)) {
   1744     Analyzer->Handler.handleNoMutexHeld("mutex", D, POK, AK, Loc);
   1745   }
   1746 
   1747   for (const auto *I : D->specific_attrs<GuardedByAttr>())
   1748     warnIfMutexNotHeld(D, Exp, AK, I->getArg(), POK,
   1749                        ClassifyDiagnostic(I), Loc);
   1750 }
   1751 
   1752 /// Checks pt_guarded_by and pt_guarded_var attributes.
   1753 /// POK is the same  operationKind that was passed to checkAccess.
   1754 void BuildLockset::checkPtAccess(const Expr *Exp, AccessKind AK,
   1755                                  ProtectedOperationKind POK) {
   1756   while (true) {
   1757     if (const auto *PE = dyn_cast<ParenExpr>(Exp)) {
   1758       Exp = PE->getSubExpr();
   1759       continue;
   1760     }
   1761     if (const auto *CE = dyn_cast<CastExpr>(Exp)) {
   1762       if (CE->getCastKind() == CK_ArrayToPointerDecay) {
   1763         // If it's an actual array, and not a pointer, then it's elements
   1764         // are protected by GUARDED_BY, not PT_GUARDED_BY;
   1765         checkAccess(CE->getSubExpr(), AK, POK);
   1766         return;
   1767       }
   1768       Exp = CE->getSubExpr();
   1769       continue;
   1770     }
   1771     break;
   1772   }
   1773 
   1774   // Pass by reference warnings are under a different flag.
   1775   ProtectedOperationKind PtPOK = POK_VarDereference;
   1776   if (POK == POK_PassByRef) PtPOK = POK_PtPassByRef;
   1777 
   1778   const ValueDecl *D = getValueDecl(Exp);
   1779   if (!D || !D->hasAttrs())
   1780     return;
   1781 
   1782   if (D->hasAttr<PtGuardedVarAttr>() && FSet.isEmpty(Analyzer->FactMan))
   1783     Analyzer->Handler.handleNoMutexHeld("mutex", D, PtPOK, AK,
   1784                                         Exp->getExprLoc());
   1785 
   1786   for (auto const *I : D->specific_attrs<PtGuardedByAttr>())
   1787     warnIfMutexNotHeld(D, Exp, AK, I->getArg(), PtPOK,
   1788                        ClassifyDiagnostic(I), Exp->getExprLoc());
   1789 }
   1790 
   1791 /// Process a function call, method call, constructor call,
   1792 /// or destructor call.  This involves looking at the attributes on the
   1793 /// corresponding function/method/constructor/destructor, issuing warnings,
   1794 /// and updating the locksets accordingly.
   1795 ///
   1796 /// FIXME: For classes annotated with one of the guarded annotations, we need
   1797 /// to treat const method calls as reads and non-const method calls as writes,
   1798 /// and check that the appropriate locks are held. Non-const method calls with
   1799 /// the same signature as const method calls can be also treated as reads.
   1800 ///
   1801 void BuildLockset::handleCall(const Expr *Exp, const NamedDecl *D,
   1802                               VarDecl *VD) {
   1803   SourceLocation Loc = Exp->getExprLoc();
   1804   CapExprSet ExclusiveLocksToAdd, SharedLocksToAdd;
   1805   CapExprSet ExclusiveLocksToRemove, SharedLocksToRemove, GenericLocksToRemove;
   1806   CapExprSet ScopedExclusiveReqs, ScopedSharedReqs;
   1807   StringRef CapDiagKind = "mutex";
   1808 
   1809   // Figure out if we're constructing an object of scoped lockable class
   1810   bool isScopedVar = false;
   1811   if (VD) {
   1812     if (const auto *CD = dyn_cast<const CXXConstructorDecl>(D)) {
   1813       const CXXRecordDecl* PD = CD->getParent();
   1814       if (PD && PD->hasAttr<ScopedLockableAttr>())
   1815         isScopedVar = true;
   1816     }
   1817   }
   1818 
   1819   for(const Attr *At : D->attrs()) {
   1820     switch (At->getKind()) {
   1821       // When we encounter a lock function, we need to add the lock to our
   1822       // lockset.
   1823       case attr::AcquireCapability: {
   1824         const auto *A = cast<AcquireCapabilityAttr>(At);
   1825         Analyzer->getMutexIDs(A->isShared() ? SharedLocksToAdd
   1826                                             : ExclusiveLocksToAdd,
   1827                               A, Exp, D, VD);
   1828 
   1829         CapDiagKind = ClassifyDiagnostic(A);
   1830         break;
   1831       }
   1832 
   1833       // An assert will add a lock to the lockset, but will not generate
   1834       // a warning if it is already there, and will not generate a warning
   1835       // if it is not removed.
   1836       case attr::AssertExclusiveLock: {
   1837         const auto *A = cast<AssertExclusiveLockAttr>(At);
   1838 
   1839         CapExprSet AssertLocks;
   1840         Analyzer->getMutexIDs(AssertLocks, A, Exp, D, VD);
   1841         for (const auto &AssertLock : AssertLocks)
   1842           Analyzer->addLock(FSet,
   1843                             std::make_unique<LockableFactEntry>(
   1844                                 AssertLock, LK_Exclusive, Loc, false, true),
   1845                             ClassifyDiagnostic(A));
   1846         break;
   1847       }
   1848       case attr::AssertSharedLock: {
   1849         const auto *A = cast<AssertSharedLockAttr>(At);
   1850 
   1851         CapExprSet AssertLocks;
   1852         Analyzer->getMutexIDs(AssertLocks, A, Exp, D, VD);
   1853         for (const auto &AssertLock : AssertLocks)
   1854           Analyzer->addLock(FSet,
   1855                             std::make_unique<LockableFactEntry>(
   1856                                 AssertLock, LK_Shared, Loc, false, true),
   1857                             ClassifyDiagnostic(A));
   1858         break;
   1859       }
   1860 
   1861       case attr::AssertCapability: {
   1862         const auto *A = cast<AssertCapabilityAttr>(At);
   1863         CapExprSet AssertLocks;
   1864         Analyzer->getMutexIDs(AssertLocks, A, Exp, D, VD);
   1865         for (const auto &AssertLock : AssertLocks)
   1866           Analyzer->addLock(FSet,
   1867                             std::make_unique<LockableFactEntry>(
   1868                                 AssertLock,
   1869                                 A->isShared() ? LK_Shared : LK_Exclusive, Loc,
   1870                                 false, true),
   1871                             ClassifyDiagnostic(A));
   1872         break;
   1873       }
   1874 
   1875       // When we encounter an unlock function, we need to remove unlocked
   1876       // mutexes from the lockset, and flag a warning if they are not there.
   1877       case attr::ReleaseCapability: {
   1878         const auto *A = cast<ReleaseCapabilityAttr>(At);
   1879         if (A->isGeneric())
   1880           Analyzer->getMutexIDs(GenericLocksToRemove, A, Exp, D, VD);
   1881         else if (A->isShared())
   1882           Analyzer->getMutexIDs(SharedLocksToRemove, A, Exp, D, VD);
   1883         else
   1884           Analyzer->getMutexIDs(ExclusiveLocksToRemove, A, Exp, D, VD);
   1885 
   1886         CapDiagKind = ClassifyDiagnostic(A);
   1887         break;
   1888       }
   1889 
   1890       case attr::RequiresCapability: {
   1891         const auto *A = cast<RequiresCapabilityAttr>(At);
   1892         for (auto *Arg : A->args()) {
   1893           warnIfMutexNotHeld(D, Exp, A->isShared() ? AK_Read : AK_Written, Arg,
   1894                              POK_FunctionCall, ClassifyDiagnostic(A),
   1895                              Exp->getExprLoc());
   1896           // use for adopting a lock
   1897           if (isScopedVar) {
   1898             Analyzer->getMutexIDs(A->isShared() ? ScopedSharedReqs
   1899                                                 : ScopedExclusiveReqs,
   1900                                   A, Exp, D, VD);
   1901           }
   1902         }
   1903         break;
   1904       }
   1905 
   1906       case attr::LocksExcluded: {
   1907         const auto *A = cast<LocksExcludedAttr>(At);
   1908         for (auto *Arg : A->args())
   1909           warnIfMutexHeld(D, Exp, Arg, ClassifyDiagnostic(A));
   1910         break;
   1911       }
   1912 
   1913       // Ignore attributes unrelated to thread-safety
   1914       default:
   1915         break;
   1916     }
   1917   }
   1918 
   1919   // Remove locks first to allow lock upgrading/downgrading.
   1920   // FIXME -- should only fully remove if the attribute refers to 'this'.
   1921   bool Dtor = isa<CXXDestructorDecl>(D);
   1922   for (const auto &M : ExclusiveLocksToRemove)
   1923     Analyzer->removeLock(FSet, M, Loc, Dtor, LK_Exclusive, CapDiagKind);
   1924   for (const auto &M : SharedLocksToRemove)
   1925     Analyzer->removeLock(FSet, M, Loc, Dtor, LK_Shared, CapDiagKind);
   1926   for (const auto &M : GenericLocksToRemove)
   1927     Analyzer->removeLock(FSet, M, Loc, Dtor, LK_Generic, CapDiagKind);
   1928 
   1929   // Add locks.
   1930   for (const auto &M : ExclusiveLocksToAdd)
   1931     Analyzer->addLock(FSet, std::make_unique<LockableFactEntry>(
   1932                                 M, LK_Exclusive, Loc, isScopedVar),
   1933                       CapDiagKind);
   1934   for (const auto &M : SharedLocksToAdd)
   1935     Analyzer->addLock(FSet, std::make_unique<LockableFactEntry>(
   1936                                 M, LK_Shared, Loc, isScopedVar),
   1937                       CapDiagKind);
   1938 
   1939   if (isScopedVar) {
   1940     // Add the managing object as a dummy mutex, mapped to the underlying mutex.
   1941     SourceLocation MLoc = VD->getLocation();
   1942     DeclRefExpr DRE(VD->getASTContext(), VD, false, VD->getType(), VK_LValue,
   1943                     VD->getLocation());
   1944     // FIXME: does this store a pointer to DRE?
   1945     CapabilityExpr Scp = Analyzer->SxBuilder.translateAttrExpr(&DRE, nullptr);
   1946 
   1947     auto ScopedEntry = std::make_unique<ScopedLockableFactEntry>(Scp, MLoc);
   1948     for (const auto &M : ExclusiveLocksToAdd)
   1949       ScopedEntry->addExclusiveLock(M);
   1950     for (const auto &M : ScopedExclusiveReqs)
   1951       ScopedEntry->addExclusiveLock(M);
   1952     for (const auto &M : SharedLocksToAdd)
   1953       ScopedEntry->addSharedLock(M);
   1954     for (const auto &M : ScopedSharedReqs)
   1955       ScopedEntry->addSharedLock(M);
   1956     for (const auto &M : ExclusiveLocksToRemove)
   1957       ScopedEntry->addExclusiveUnlock(M);
   1958     for (const auto &M : SharedLocksToRemove)
   1959       ScopedEntry->addSharedUnlock(M);
   1960     Analyzer->addLock(FSet, std::move(ScopedEntry), CapDiagKind);
   1961   }
   1962 }
   1963 
   1964 /// For unary operations which read and write a variable, we need to
   1965 /// check whether we hold any required mutexes. Reads are checked in
   1966 /// VisitCastExpr.
   1967 void BuildLockset::VisitUnaryOperator(const UnaryOperator *UO) {
   1968   switch (UO->getOpcode()) {
   1969     case UO_PostDec:
   1970     case UO_PostInc:
   1971     case UO_PreDec:
   1972     case UO_PreInc:
   1973       checkAccess(UO->getSubExpr(), AK_Written);
   1974       break;
   1975     default:
   1976       break;
   1977   }
   1978 }
   1979 
   1980 /// For binary operations which assign to a variable (writes), we need to check
   1981 /// whether we hold any required mutexes.
   1982 /// FIXME: Deal with non-primitive types.
   1983 void BuildLockset::VisitBinaryOperator(const BinaryOperator *BO) {
   1984   if (!BO->isAssignmentOp())
   1985     return;
   1986 
   1987   // adjust the context
   1988   LVarCtx = Analyzer->LocalVarMap.getNextContext(CtxIndex, BO, LVarCtx);
   1989 
   1990   checkAccess(BO->getLHS(), AK_Written);
   1991 }
   1992 
   1993 /// Whenever we do an LValue to Rvalue cast, we are reading a variable and
   1994 /// need to ensure we hold any required mutexes.
   1995 /// FIXME: Deal with non-primitive types.
   1996 void BuildLockset::VisitCastExpr(const CastExpr *CE) {
   1997   if (CE->getCastKind() != CK_LValueToRValue)
   1998     return;
   1999   checkAccess(CE->getSubExpr(), AK_Read);
   2000 }
   2001 
   2002 void BuildLockset::examineArguments(const FunctionDecl *FD,
   2003                                     CallExpr::const_arg_iterator ArgBegin,
   2004                                     CallExpr::const_arg_iterator ArgEnd,
   2005                                     bool SkipFirstParam) {
   2006   // Currently we can't do anything if we don't know the function declaration.
   2007   if (!FD)
   2008     return;
   2009 
   2010   // NO_THREAD_SAFETY_ANALYSIS does double duty here.  Normally it
   2011   // only turns off checking within the body of a function, but we also
   2012   // use it to turn off checking in arguments to the function.  This
   2013   // could result in some false negatives, but the alternative is to
   2014   // create yet another attribute.
   2015   if (FD->hasAttr<NoThreadSafetyAnalysisAttr>())
   2016     return;
   2017 
   2018   const ArrayRef<ParmVarDecl *> Params = FD->parameters();
   2019   auto Param = Params.begin();
   2020   if (SkipFirstParam)
   2021     ++Param;
   2022 
   2023   // There can be default arguments, so we stop when one iterator is at end().
   2024   for (auto Arg = ArgBegin; Param != Params.end() && Arg != ArgEnd;
   2025        ++Param, ++Arg) {
   2026     QualType Qt = (*Param)->getType();
   2027     if (Qt->isReferenceType())
   2028       checkAccess(*Arg, AK_Read, POK_PassByRef);
   2029   }
   2030 }
   2031 
   2032 void BuildLockset::VisitCallExpr(const CallExpr *Exp) {
   2033   if (const auto *CE = dyn_cast<CXXMemberCallExpr>(Exp)) {
   2034     const auto *ME = dyn_cast<MemberExpr>(CE->getCallee());
   2035     // ME can be null when calling a method pointer
   2036     const CXXMethodDecl *MD = CE->getMethodDecl();
   2037 
   2038     if (ME && MD) {
   2039       if (ME->isArrow()) {
   2040         if (MD->isConst())
   2041           checkPtAccess(CE->getImplicitObjectArgument(), AK_Read);
   2042         else // FIXME -- should be AK_Written
   2043           checkPtAccess(CE->getImplicitObjectArgument(), AK_Read);
   2044       } else {
   2045         if (MD->isConst())
   2046           checkAccess(CE->getImplicitObjectArgument(), AK_Read);
   2047         else     // FIXME -- should be AK_Written
   2048           checkAccess(CE->getImplicitObjectArgument(), AK_Read);
   2049       }
   2050     }
   2051 
   2052     examineArguments(CE->getDirectCallee(), CE->arg_begin(), CE->arg_end());
   2053   } else if (const auto *OE = dyn_cast<CXXOperatorCallExpr>(Exp)) {
   2054     auto OEop = OE->getOperator();
   2055     switch (OEop) {
   2056       case OO_Equal: {
   2057         const Expr *Target = OE->getArg(0);
   2058         const Expr *Source = OE->getArg(1);
   2059         checkAccess(Target, AK_Written);
   2060         checkAccess(Source, AK_Read);
   2061         break;
   2062       }
   2063       case OO_Star:
   2064       case OO_Arrow:
   2065       case OO_Subscript:
   2066         if (!(OEop == OO_Star && OE->getNumArgs() > 1)) {
   2067           // Grrr.  operator* can be multiplication...
   2068           checkPtAccess(OE->getArg(0), AK_Read);
   2069         }
   2070         LLVM_FALLTHROUGH;
   2071       default: {
   2072         // TODO: get rid of this, and rely on pass-by-ref instead.
   2073         const Expr *Obj = OE->getArg(0);
   2074         checkAccess(Obj, AK_Read);
   2075         // Check the remaining arguments. For method operators, the first
   2076         // argument is the implicit self argument, and doesn't appear in the
   2077         // FunctionDecl, but for non-methods it does.
   2078         const FunctionDecl *FD = OE->getDirectCallee();
   2079         examineArguments(FD, std::next(OE->arg_begin()), OE->arg_end(),
   2080                          /*SkipFirstParam*/ !isa<CXXMethodDecl>(FD));
   2081         break;
   2082       }
   2083     }
   2084   } else {
   2085     examineArguments(Exp->getDirectCallee(), Exp->arg_begin(), Exp->arg_end());
   2086   }
   2087 
   2088   auto *D = dyn_cast_or_null<NamedDecl>(Exp->getCalleeDecl());
   2089   if(!D || !D->hasAttrs())
   2090     return;
   2091   handleCall(Exp, D);
   2092 }
   2093 
   2094 void BuildLockset::VisitCXXConstructExpr(const CXXConstructExpr *Exp) {
   2095   const CXXConstructorDecl *D = Exp->getConstructor();
   2096   if (D && D->isCopyConstructor()) {
   2097     const Expr* Source = Exp->getArg(0);
   2098     checkAccess(Source, AK_Read);
   2099   } else {
   2100     examineArguments(D, Exp->arg_begin(), Exp->arg_end());
   2101   }
   2102 }
   2103 
   2104 static CXXConstructorDecl *
   2105 findConstructorForByValueReturn(const CXXRecordDecl *RD) {
   2106   // Prefer a move constructor over a copy constructor. If there's more than
   2107   // one copy constructor or more than one move constructor, we arbitrarily
   2108   // pick the first declared such constructor rather than trying to guess which
   2109   // one is more appropriate.
   2110   CXXConstructorDecl *CopyCtor = nullptr;
   2111   for (auto *Ctor : RD->ctors()) {
   2112     if (Ctor->isDeleted())
   2113       continue;
   2114     if (Ctor->isMoveConstructor())
   2115       return Ctor;
   2116     if (!CopyCtor && Ctor->isCopyConstructor())
   2117       CopyCtor = Ctor;
   2118   }
   2119   return CopyCtor;
   2120 }
   2121 
   2122 static Expr *buildFakeCtorCall(CXXConstructorDecl *CD, ArrayRef<Expr *> Args,
   2123                                SourceLocation Loc) {
   2124   ASTContext &Ctx = CD->getASTContext();
   2125   return CXXConstructExpr::Create(Ctx, Ctx.getRecordType(CD->getParent()), Loc,
   2126                                   CD, true, Args, false, false, false, false,
   2127                                   CXXConstructExpr::CK_Complete,
   2128                                   SourceRange(Loc, Loc));
   2129 }
   2130 
   2131 void BuildLockset::VisitDeclStmt(const DeclStmt *S) {
   2132   // adjust the context
   2133   LVarCtx = Analyzer->LocalVarMap.getNextContext(CtxIndex, S, LVarCtx);
   2134 
   2135   for (auto *D : S->getDeclGroup()) {
   2136     if (auto *VD = dyn_cast_or_null<VarDecl>(D)) {
   2137       Expr *E = VD->getInit();
   2138       if (!E)
   2139         continue;
   2140       E = E->IgnoreParens();
   2141 
   2142       // handle constructors that involve temporaries
   2143       if (auto *EWC = dyn_cast<ExprWithCleanups>(E))
   2144         E = EWC->getSubExpr();
   2145       if (auto *BTE = dyn_cast<CXXBindTemporaryExpr>(E))
   2146         E = BTE->getSubExpr();
   2147 
   2148       if (const auto *CE = dyn_cast<CXXConstructExpr>(E)) {
   2149         const auto *CtorD = dyn_cast_or_null<NamedDecl>(CE->getConstructor());
   2150         if (!CtorD || !CtorD->hasAttrs())
   2151           continue;
   2152         handleCall(E, CtorD, VD);
   2153       } else if (isa<CallExpr>(E) && E->isRValue()) {
   2154         // If the object is initialized by a function call that returns a
   2155         // scoped lockable by value, use the attributes on the copy or move
   2156         // constructor to figure out what effect that should have on the
   2157         // lockset.
   2158         // FIXME: Is this really the best way to handle this situation?
   2159         auto *RD = E->getType()->getAsCXXRecordDecl();
   2160         if (!RD || !RD->hasAttr<ScopedLockableAttr>())
   2161           continue;
   2162         CXXConstructorDecl *CtorD = findConstructorForByValueReturn(RD);
   2163         if (!CtorD || !CtorD->hasAttrs())
   2164           continue;
   2165         handleCall(buildFakeCtorCall(CtorD, {E}, E->getBeginLoc()), CtorD, VD);
   2166       }
   2167     }
   2168   }
   2169 }
   2170 
   2171 /// Compute the intersection of two locksets and issue warnings for any
   2172 /// locks in the symmetric difference.
   2173 ///
   2174 /// This function is used at a merge point in the CFG when comparing the lockset
   2175 /// of each branch being merged. For example, given the following sequence:
   2176 /// A; if () then B; else C; D; we need to check that the lockset after B and C
   2177 /// are the same. In the event of a difference, we use the intersection of these
   2178 /// two locksets at the start of D.
   2179 ///
   2180 /// \param FSet1 The first lockset.
   2181 /// \param FSet2 The second lockset.
   2182 /// \param JoinLoc The location of the join point for error reporting
   2183 /// \param LEK1 The error message to report if a mutex is missing from LSet1
   2184 /// \param LEK2 The error message to report if a mutex is missing from Lset2
   2185 void ThreadSafetyAnalyzer::intersectAndWarn(FactSet &FSet1,
   2186                                             const FactSet &FSet2,
   2187                                             SourceLocation JoinLoc,
   2188                                             LockErrorKind LEK1,
   2189                                             LockErrorKind LEK2,
   2190                                             bool Modify) {
   2191   FactSet FSet1Orig = FSet1;
   2192 
   2193   // Find locks in FSet2 that conflict or are not in FSet1, and warn.
   2194   for (const auto &Fact : FSet2) {
   2195     const FactEntry *LDat1 = nullptr;
   2196     const FactEntry *LDat2 = &FactMan[Fact];
   2197     FactSet::iterator Iter1  = FSet1.findLockIter(FactMan, *LDat2);
   2198     if (Iter1 != FSet1.end()) LDat1 = &FactMan[*Iter1];
   2199 
   2200     if (LDat1) {
   2201       if (LDat1->kind() != LDat2->kind()) {
   2202         Handler.handleExclusiveAndShared("mutex", LDat2->toString(),
   2203                                          LDat2->loc(), LDat1->loc());
   2204         if (Modify && LDat1->kind() != LK_Exclusive) {
   2205           // Take the exclusive lock, which is the one in FSet2.
   2206           *Iter1 = Fact;
   2207         }
   2208       }
   2209       else if (Modify && LDat1->asserted() && !LDat2->asserted()) {
   2210         // The non-asserted lock in FSet2 is the one we want to track.
   2211         *Iter1 = Fact;
   2212       }
   2213     } else {
   2214       LDat2->handleRemovalFromIntersection(FSet2, FactMan, JoinLoc, LEK1,
   2215                                            Handler);
   2216     }
   2217   }
   2218 
   2219   // Find locks in FSet1 that are not in FSet2, and remove them.
   2220   for (const auto &Fact : FSet1Orig) {
   2221     const FactEntry *LDat1 = &FactMan[Fact];
   2222     const FactEntry *LDat2 = FSet2.findLock(FactMan, *LDat1);
   2223 
   2224     if (!LDat2) {
   2225       LDat1->handleRemovalFromIntersection(FSet1Orig, FactMan, JoinLoc, LEK2,
   2226                                            Handler);
   2227       if (Modify)
   2228         FSet1.removeLock(FactMan, *LDat1);
   2229     }
   2230   }
   2231 }
   2232 
   2233 // Return true if block B never continues to its successors.
   2234 static bool neverReturns(const CFGBlock *B) {
   2235   if (B->hasNoReturnElement())
   2236     return true;
   2237   if (B->empty())
   2238     return false;
   2239 
   2240   CFGElement Last = B->back();
   2241   if (Optional<CFGStmt> S = Last.getAs<CFGStmt>()) {
   2242     if (isa<CXXThrowExpr>(S->getStmt()))
   2243       return true;
   2244   }
   2245   return false;
   2246 }
   2247 
   2248 /// Check a function's CFG for thread-safety violations.
   2249 ///
   2250 /// We traverse the blocks in the CFG, compute the set of mutexes that are held
   2251 /// at the end of each block, and issue warnings for thread safety violations.
   2252 /// Each block in the CFG is traversed exactly once.
   2253 void ThreadSafetyAnalyzer::runAnalysis(AnalysisDeclContext &AC) {
   2254   // TODO: this whole function needs be rewritten as a visitor for CFGWalker.
   2255   // For now, we just use the walker to set things up.
   2256   threadSafety::CFGWalker walker;
   2257   if (!walker.init(AC))
   2258     return;
   2259 
   2260   // AC.dumpCFG(true);
   2261   // threadSafety::printSCFG(walker);
   2262 
   2263   CFG *CFGraph = walker.getGraph();
   2264   const NamedDecl *D = walker.getDecl();
   2265   const auto *CurrentFunction = dyn_cast<FunctionDecl>(D);
   2266   CurrentMethod = dyn_cast<CXXMethodDecl>(D);
   2267 
   2268   if (D->hasAttr<NoThreadSafetyAnalysisAttr>())
   2269     return;
   2270 
   2271   // FIXME: Do something a bit more intelligent inside constructor and
   2272   // destructor code.  Constructors and destructors must assume unique access
   2273   // to 'this', so checks on member variable access is disabled, but we should
   2274   // still enable checks on other objects.
   2275   if (isa<CXXConstructorDecl>(D))
   2276     return;  // Don't check inside constructors.
   2277   if (isa<CXXDestructorDecl>(D))
   2278     return;  // Don't check inside destructors.
   2279 
   2280   Handler.enterFunction(CurrentFunction);
   2281 
   2282   BlockInfo.resize(CFGraph->getNumBlockIDs(),
   2283     CFGBlockInfo::getEmptyBlockInfo(LocalVarMap));
   2284 
   2285   // We need to explore the CFG via a "topological" ordering.
   2286   // That way, we will be guaranteed to have information about required
   2287   // predecessor locksets when exploring a new block.
   2288   const PostOrderCFGView *SortedGraph = walker.getSortedGraph();
   2289   PostOrderCFGView::CFGBlockSet VisitedBlocks(CFGraph);
   2290 
   2291   // Mark entry block as reachable
   2292   BlockInfo[CFGraph->getEntry().getBlockID()].Reachable = true;
   2293 
   2294   // Compute SSA names for local variables
   2295   LocalVarMap.traverseCFG(CFGraph, SortedGraph, BlockInfo);
   2296 
   2297   // Fill in source locations for all CFGBlocks.
   2298   findBlockLocations(CFGraph, SortedGraph, BlockInfo);
   2299 
   2300   CapExprSet ExclusiveLocksAcquired;
   2301   CapExprSet SharedLocksAcquired;
   2302   CapExprSet LocksReleased;
   2303 
   2304   // Add locks from exclusive_locks_required and shared_locks_required
   2305   // to initial lockset. Also turn off checking for lock and unlock functions.
   2306   // FIXME: is there a more intelligent way to check lock/unlock functions?
   2307   if (!SortedGraph->empty() && D->hasAttrs()) {
   2308     const CFGBlock *FirstBlock = *SortedGraph->begin();
   2309     FactSet &InitialLockset = BlockInfo[FirstBlock->getBlockID()].EntrySet;
   2310 
   2311     CapExprSet ExclusiveLocksToAdd;
   2312     CapExprSet SharedLocksToAdd;
   2313     StringRef CapDiagKind = "mutex";
   2314 
   2315     SourceLocation Loc = D->getLocation();
   2316     for (const auto *Attr : D->attrs()) {
   2317       Loc = Attr->getLocation();
   2318       if (const auto *A = dyn_cast<RequiresCapabilityAttr>(Attr)) {
   2319         getMutexIDs(A->isShared() ? SharedLocksToAdd : ExclusiveLocksToAdd, A,
   2320                     nullptr, D);
   2321         CapDiagKind = ClassifyDiagnostic(A);
   2322       } else if (const auto *A = dyn_cast<ReleaseCapabilityAttr>(Attr)) {
   2323         // UNLOCK_FUNCTION() is used to hide the underlying lock implementation.
   2324         // We must ignore such methods.
   2325         if (A->args_size() == 0)
   2326           return;
   2327         getMutexIDs(A->isShared() ? SharedLocksToAdd : ExclusiveLocksToAdd, A,
   2328                     nullptr, D);
   2329         getMutexIDs(LocksReleased, A, nullptr, D);
   2330         CapDiagKind = ClassifyDiagnostic(A);
   2331       } else if (const auto *A = dyn_cast<AcquireCapabilityAttr>(Attr)) {
   2332         if (A->args_size() == 0)
   2333           return;
   2334         getMutexIDs(A->isShared() ? SharedLocksAcquired
   2335                                   : ExclusiveLocksAcquired,
   2336                     A, nullptr, D);
   2337         CapDiagKind = ClassifyDiagnostic(A);
   2338       } else if (isa<ExclusiveTrylockFunctionAttr>(Attr)) {
   2339         // Don't try to check trylock functions for now.
   2340         return;
   2341       } else if (isa<SharedTrylockFunctionAttr>(Attr)) {
   2342         // Don't try to check trylock functions for now.
   2343         return;
   2344       } else if (isa<TryAcquireCapabilityAttr>(Attr)) {
   2345         // Don't try to check trylock functions for now.
   2346         return;
   2347       }
   2348     }
   2349 
   2350     // FIXME -- Loc can be wrong here.
   2351     for (const auto &Mu : ExclusiveLocksToAdd) {
   2352       auto Entry = std::make_unique<LockableFactEntry>(Mu, LK_Exclusive, Loc);
   2353       Entry->setDeclared(true);
   2354       addLock(InitialLockset, std::move(Entry), CapDiagKind, true);
   2355     }
   2356     for (const auto &Mu : SharedLocksToAdd) {
   2357       auto Entry = std::make_unique<LockableFactEntry>(Mu, LK_Shared, Loc);
   2358       Entry->setDeclared(true);
   2359       addLock(InitialLockset, std::move(Entry), CapDiagKind, true);
   2360     }
   2361   }
   2362 
   2363   for (const auto *CurrBlock : *SortedGraph) {
   2364     unsigned CurrBlockID = CurrBlock->getBlockID();
   2365     CFGBlockInfo *CurrBlockInfo = &BlockInfo[CurrBlockID];
   2366 
   2367     // Use the default initial lockset in case there are no predecessors.
   2368     VisitedBlocks.insert(CurrBlock);
   2369 
   2370     // Iterate through the predecessor blocks and warn if the lockset for all
   2371     // predecessors is not the same. We take the entry lockset of the current
   2372     // block to be the intersection of all previous locksets.
   2373     // FIXME: By keeping the intersection, we may output more errors in future
   2374     // for a lock which is not in the intersection, but was in the union. We
   2375     // may want to also keep the union in future. As an example, let's say
   2376     // the intersection contains Mutex L, and the union contains L and M.
   2377     // Later we unlock M. At this point, we would output an error because we
   2378     // never locked M; although the real error is probably that we forgot to
   2379     // lock M on all code paths. Conversely, let's say that later we lock M.
   2380     // In this case, we should compare against the intersection instead of the
   2381     // union because the real error is probably that we forgot to unlock M on
   2382     // all code paths.
   2383     bool LocksetInitialized = false;
   2384     SmallVector<CFGBlock *, 8> SpecialBlocks;
   2385     for (CFGBlock::const_pred_iterator PI = CurrBlock->pred_begin(),
   2386          PE  = CurrBlock->pred_end(); PI != PE; ++PI) {
   2387       // if *PI -> CurrBlock is a back edge
   2388       if (*PI == nullptr || !VisitedBlocks.alreadySet(*PI))
   2389         continue;
   2390 
   2391       unsigned PrevBlockID = (*PI)->getBlockID();
   2392       CFGBlockInfo *PrevBlockInfo = &BlockInfo[PrevBlockID];
   2393 
   2394       // Ignore edges from blocks that can't return.
   2395       if (neverReturns(*PI) || !PrevBlockInfo->Reachable)
   2396         continue;
   2397 
   2398       // Okay, we can reach this block from the entry.
   2399       CurrBlockInfo->Reachable = true;
   2400 
   2401       // If the previous block ended in a 'continue' or 'break' statement, then
   2402       // a difference in locksets is probably due to a bug in that block, rather
   2403       // than in some other predecessor. In that case, keep the other
   2404       // predecessor's lockset.
   2405       if (const Stmt *Terminator = (*PI)->getTerminatorStmt()) {
   2406         if (isa<ContinueStmt>(Terminator) || isa<BreakStmt>(Terminator)) {
   2407           SpecialBlocks.push_back(*PI);
   2408           continue;
   2409         }
   2410       }
   2411 
   2412       FactSet PrevLockset;
   2413       getEdgeLockset(PrevLockset, PrevBlockInfo->ExitSet, *PI, CurrBlock);
   2414 
   2415       if (!LocksetInitialized) {
   2416         CurrBlockInfo->EntrySet = PrevLockset;
   2417         LocksetInitialized = true;
   2418       } else {
   2419         intersectAndWarn(CurrBlockInfo->EntrySet, PrevLockset,
   2420                          CurrBlockInfo->EntryLoc,
   2421                          LEK_LockedSomePredecessors);
   2422       }
   2423     }
   2424 
   2425     // Skip rest of block if it's not reachable.
   2426     if (!CurrBlockInfo->Reachable)
   2427       continue;
   2428 
   2429     // Process continue and break blocks. Assume that the lockset for the
   2430     // resulting block is unaffected by any discrepancies in them.
   2431     for (const auto *PrevBlock : SpecialBlocks) {
   2432       unsigned PrevBlockID = PrevBlock->getBlockID();
   2433       CFGBlockInfo *PrevBlockInfo = &BlockInfo[PrevBlockID];
   2434 
   2435       if (!LocksetInitialized) {
   2436         CurrBlockInfo->EntrySet = PrevBlockInfo->ExitSet;
   2437         LocksetInitialized = true;
   2438       } else {
   2439         // Determine whether this edge is a loop terminator for diagnostic
   2440         // purposes. FIXME: A 'break' statement might be a loop terminator, but
   2441         // it might also be part of a switch. Also, a subsequent destructor
   2442         // might add to the lockset, in which case the real issue might be a
   2443         // double lock on the other path.
   2444         const Stmt *Terminator = PrevBlock->getTerminatorStmt();
   2445         bool IsLoop = Terminator && isa<ContinueStmt>(Terminator);
   2446 
   2447         FactSet PrevLockset;
   2448         getEdgeLockset(PrevLockset, PrevBlockInfo->ExitSet,
   2449                        PrevBlock, CurrBlock);
   2450 
   2451         // Do not update EntrySet.
   2452         intersectAndWarn(CurrBlockInfo->EntrySet, PrevLockset,
   2453                          PrevBlockInfo->ExitLoc,
   2454                          IsLoop ? LEK_LockedSomeLoopIterations
   2455                                 : LEK_LockedSomePredecessors,
   2456                          false);
   2457       }
   2458     }
   2459 
   2460     BuildLockset LocksetBuilder(this, *CurrBlockInfo);
   2461 
   2462     // Visit all the statements in the basic block.
   2463     for (const auto &BI : *CurrBlock) {
   2464       switch (BI.getKind()) {
   2465         case CFGElement::Statement: {
   2466           CFGStmt CS = BI.castAs<CFGStmt>();
   2467           LocksetBuilder.Visit(CS.getStmt());
   2468           break;
   2469         }
   2470         // Ignore BaseDtor, MemberDtor, and TemporaryDtor for now.
   2471         case CFGElement::AutomaticObjectDtor: {
   2472           CFGAutomaticObjDtor AD = BI.castAs<CFGAutomaticObjDtor>();
   2473           const auto *DD = AD.getDestructorDecl(AC.getASTContext());
   2474           if (!DD->hasAttrs())
   2475             break;
   2476 
   2477           // Create a dummy expression,
   2478           auto *VD = const_cast<VarDecl *>(AD.getVarDecl());
   2479           DeclRefExpr DRE(VD->getASTContext(), VD, false,
   2480                           VD->getType().getNonReferenceType(), VK_LValue,
   2481                           AD.getTriggerStmt()->getEndLoc());
   2482           LocksetBuilder.handleCall(&DRE, DD);
   2483           break;
   2484         }
   2485         default:
   2486           break;
   2487       }
   2488     }
   2489     CurrBlockInfo->ExitSet = LocksetBuilder.FSet;
   2490 
   2491     // For every back edge from CurrBlock (the end of the loop) to another block
   2492     // (FirstLoopBlock) we need to check that the Lockset of Block is equal to
   2493     // the one held at the beginning of FirstLoopBlock. We can look up the
   2494     // Lockset held at the beginning of FirstLoopBlock in the EntryLockSets map.
   2495     for (CFGBlock::const_succ_iterator SI = CurrBlock->succ_begin(),
   2496          SE  = CurrBlock->succ_end(); SI != SE; ++SI) {
   2497       // if CurrBlock -> *SI is *not* a back edge
   2498       if (*SI == nullptr || !VisitedBlocks.alreadySet(*SI))
   2499         continue;
   2500 
   2501       CFGBlock *FirstLoopBlock = *SI;
   2502       CFGBlockInfo *PreLoop = &BlockInfo[FirstLoopBlock->getBlockID()];
   2503       CFGBlockInfo *LoopEnd = &BlockInfo[CurrBlockID];
   2504       intersectAndWarn(LoopEnd->ExitSet, PreLoop->EntrySet,
   2505                        PreLoop->EntryLoc,
   2506                        LEK_LockedSomeLoopIterations,
   2507                        false);
   2508     }
   2509   }
   2510 
   2511   CFGBlockInfo *Initial = &BlockInfo[CFGraph->getEntry().getBlockID()];
   2512   CFGBlockInfo *Final   = &BlockInfo[CFGraph->getExit().getBlockID()];
   2513 
   2514   // Skip the final check if the exit block is unreachable.
   2515   if (!Final->Reachable)
   2516     return;
   2517 
   2518   // By default, we expect all locks held on entry to be held on exit.
   2519   FactSet ExpectedExitSet = Initial->EntrySet;
   2520 
   2521   // Adjust the expected exit set by adding or removing locks, as declared
   2522   // by *-LOCK_FUNCTION and UNLOCK_FUNCTION.  The intersect below will then
   2523   // issue the appropriate warning.
   2524   // FIXME: the location here is not quite right.
   2525   for (const auto &Lock : ExclusiveLocksAcquired)
   2526     ExpectedExitSet.addLock(FactMan, std::make_unique<LockableFactEntry>(
   2527                                          Lock, LK_Exclusive, D->getLocation()));
   2528   for (const auto &Lock : SharedLocksAcquired)
   2529     ExpectedExitSet.addLock(FactMan, std::make_unique<LockableFactEntry>(
   2530                                          Lock, LK_Shared, D->getLocation()));
   2531   for (const auto &Lock : LocksReleased)
   2532     ExpectedExitSet.removeLock(FactMan, Lock);
   2533 
   2534   // FIXME: Should we call this function for all blocks which exit the function?
   2535   intersectAndWarn(ExpectedExitSet, Final->ExitSet,
   2536                    Final->ExitLoc,
   2537                    LEK_LockedAtEndOfFunction,
   2538                    LEK_NotLockedAtEndOfFunction,
   2539                    false);
   2540 
   2541   Handler.leaveFunction(CurrentFunction);
   2542 }
   2543 
   2544 /// Check a function's CFG for thread-safety violations.
   2545 ///
   2546 /// We traverse the blocks in the CFG, compute the set of mutexes that are held
   2547 /// at the end of each block, and issue warnings for thread safety violations.
   2548 /// Each block in the CFG is traversed exactly once.
   2549 void threadSafety::runThreadSafetyAnalysis(AnalysisDeclContext &AC,
   2550                                            ThreadSafetyHandler &Handler,
   2551                                            BeforeSet **BSet) {
   2552   if (!*BSet)
   2553     *BSet = new BeforeSet;
   2554   ThreadSafetyAnalyzer Analyzer(Handler, *BSet);
   2555   Analyzer.runAnalysis(AC);
   2556 }
   2557 
   2558 void threadSafety::threadSafetyCleanup(BeforeSet *Cache) { delete Cache; }
   2559 
   2560 /// Helper function that returns a LockKind required for the given level
   2561 /// of access.
   2562 LockKind threadSafety::getLockKindFromAccessKind(AccessKind AK) {
   2563   switch (AK) {
   2564     case AK_Read :
   2565       return LK_Shared;
   2566     case AK_Written :
   2567       return LK_Exclusive;
   2568   }
   2569   llvm_unreachable("Unknown AccessKind");
   2570 }
   2571