xref: /src/external/bsd/file/dist/magic/magdir/virtual

#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# $File: virtual,v 1.23 2026/04/15 16:56:41 christos Exp $
# From: James Nobis <quel (a] quelrod.net>
# Microsoft hard disk images for:
# Virtual Server
# Virtual PC
# VirtualBox
# URL: http://fileformats.archiveteam.org/wiki/VHD_(Virtual_Hard_Disk)
# Reference: https://download.microsoft.com/download/f/f/e/ffef50a5-07dd-4cf8-aaa3-442c0673a029/
# Virtual%20Hard%20Disk%20Format%20Spec_10_18_06.doc
0	string	conectix	Microsoft Disk Image, Virtual Server or Virtual PC
# alternative shorter names
#0	string	conectix	Microsoft Virtual Hard Disk image
#0	string	conectix	Microsoft Virtual HD image
!:mime	application/x-virtualbox-vhd
!:ext   vhd
# Features is a bit field used to indicate specific feature support
#>8	ubelong		!0x00000002	\b, Features %#x
# Reserved. This bit must always be set to 1.
#>8	ubelong		&0x00000002	\b, Reserved %#x
# File Format Version for the current specification 0x00010000
#>12	ubelong		!0x00010000	\b, Version %#8.8x
# Data Offset only found 0x200
#>16	ubequad		!0x200		\b, Data Offset %#llx
#>16	ubequad		x		\b, at %#llx
# Dynamic Disk Header cookie like cxsparse
#>(16.Q)	string		x		"%-.8s"
# This field contains a Unicode string (UTF-16) of the parent hard disk filename
#>(16.Q+64)	ubequad	x		\b, parent name %#llx
# Creator Application
# vpc~Microsoft Virtual PC, vs~Microsoft Virtual Server, vbox~VirtualBox, d2v~disk2vhd
>28	string		x		\b, Creator %-4.4s
# Creator Version: 0x00010000~Virtual Server 2004, 0x00050000~Virtual PC 2004
# holds the major/minor version of the application that created the image
>32	ubeshort	x		%x
>34	ubeshort	x		\b.%x
#>32	ubelong		x		\b, Version %#8.8x
# Creator Host OS: 0x5769326B~Windows (Wi2k), 0x4D616320~Macintosh (Mac)
>36	ubelong		x		(
>>36	ubelong		0x5769326B	\bW2k
>>36	ubelong		0x4D616320	\bMac
>>36	default		x		\b0x
>>>36	ubelong		x		\b%8.8x
# creation Time in seconds since 1 Jan 2000 UTC~946684800 sec. since Unix Epoch
>24	bedate+946684800	x	\b) %s
# Original Size
#>40	ubequad		x		\b, o.-Size %#llx
# Current Size is same as original size, but change when disk is expanded
#>48	ubequad		x		\b, Size %#llx
>48	ubequad		x		\b, %llu bytes
# Disk Geometry: cylinder, heads, and sectors/track for hard disk
#>56	ubeshort	x		\b, Cylinder %#x
>56	ubeshort	x		\b, CHS %u
# Heads
#>58	ubyte		x		\b, Heads %#x
>58	ubyte		x		\b/%u
# Sectors per track
#>59	ubyte		x		\b, Sectors %#x
>59	ubyte		x		\b/%u
# Disk Type: 3~Dynamic hard disk
>60	ubelong		!0x3		\b, type %#x
# Checksum
#>64	ubelong		x		\b, cksum %#x
# universally unique identifier (UUID) to associate a parent with its differencing image
#>68	ubequad		x		\b, id %#16.16llx
#>76	ubequad		x		\b-%16.16llx
# Saved State: 1~Saved State
>84	ubyte		!0		\b, State %#x
# Reserved 427 bytes with nils
#>85	ubequad	!0			\b, Reserved %#16.16llx

# From: Joerg Jenderek
# URL: https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/mt740058.aspx
# Reference: https://winprotocoldoc.blob.core.windows.net/productionwindowsarchives/
# MS-VHDX/[MS-VHDX].pdf
# Note: extends the VHD format with new capabilities, such as a 16TB maximum size
# TODO:	find and display values like virtual size, disk size, cluster_size, etc
#	display id in GUID format
#
# VHDX_FILE_IDENTIFIER signature 0x656C696678646876
0	string			vhdxfile
# VHDX_HEADER signature. 1 header is stored at offset 64KB and the other at 128KB
>0x10000	string		head		Microsoft Disk Image eXtended
#>0x20000	string			head	\b, 2nd header
#!:mime	application/x-virtualbox-vhdx
!:ext	vhdx
# Creator[256] like "QEMU v3.0.0", "Microsoft Windows 6.3.9600.18512"
>>8		lestring16		x	\b, by %.256s
# The Checksum field is a CRC-32C hash over the entire 4 KB structure
#>>0x10004	ulelong			x	\b, CRC %#x
# SequenceNumber
>>0x10008	ulequad			x	\b, sequence %#llx
# FileWriteGuid
#>>0x10010	ubequad			x	\b, file id %#llx
#>>>0x10018	ubequad			x	\b-%llx
# DataWriteGuid
#>>0x10020	ubequad			x	\b, data id %#llx
#>>>0x10028	ubequad			x	\b-%llx
# LogGuid. If this field is zero, then the log is empty or has no valid entries 
>>0x10030	ubequad			>0	\b, log id %#llx
>>>0x10038	ubequad			x	\b-%llx
# LogVersion. If not 0 there is a log to replay
>>0x10040	uleshort		>0	\b, LogVersion %#x
# Version. This field must be set to 1
>>0x10042	uleshort		!1	\b, Version %#x
# LogLength must be multiples of 1 MB
>>0x10044	ulelong/1048576		>1	\b, LogLength %u MB
# LogOffset (normally 0x100000 when log direct after header); multiples of 1 MB
>>0x10048	ulequad			!0x100000 \b, LogOffset %#llx
# Log Entry Signature must be 0x65676F6C~loge
>>(0x10048.q)	ulelong			!0x65676F6C \b, NO Log Signature
>>(0x10048.q)	ulelong			=0x65676F6C	\b; LOG
# Log Entry Checksum
#>>>(0x10048.q+4)	ulelong		x	\b, Log CRC %#x
# Log Entry Length must be a multiple of 4 KB
>>>(0x10048.q+8)	ulelong/1024	>4	\b, EntryLength %u KB
# Log Entry Tail must be a multiple of 4 KB
#>>>(0x10048.q+12)	ulelong		x	\b, Tail %#x
# Log Entry SequenceNumber
#>>>(0x10048.q+16)	ulequad		x	\b, # %#llx
# Log Entry DescriptorCount may be zero. only 4 bytes in other docs instead 8
#>>>(0x10048.q+24)	ulelong		x	\b, DescriptorCount %#llx
# Log Entry Reserved must be set to 0
>>>(0x10048.q+28)	ulelong		!0	\b, Reserved %#x
# Log Entry LogGuid
#>>>(0x10048.q+32)	ubequad		x	\b, Log id %#llx
#>>>(0x10048.q+40)	ubequad		x	\b-%llx
# Log Entry FlushedFileOffset should VHDX size when entry is written.
#>>>(0x10048.q+48)	ulequad		x	\b, FlushedFileOffset %llu
# Log Entry LastFileOffset
#>>>(0x10048.q+56)	ulequad		x	\b, LastFileOffset %llu
# filling
#>>>(0x10048.q+64)	ulequad		>0	\b, filling %llx
# Reserved[4016]
#>>0x10050	ulequad			>0	\b, Reserved %#llx
# VHDX_REGION_TABLE_HEADER Signature 0x69676572~regi at offset 192 KB and 256 KB
>0x30000	ulelong			!0x69676572 Microsoft Disk Image Extended, 1st region INVALID
>0x30000	ulelong			=0x69676572 Microsoft Disk Image Extended; region
# region Checksum. CRC-32C hash over the entire 64-KB table
#>>0x30004	ulelong			x	\b, CRC %#x
# The EntryCount specifies number of valid entries; Found 2; This must be =< 2047. 
>>0x30008	ulelong			x	\b, %u entries
# reserved must be zero
#>>0x3000C	ulelong			!0	\b, RESERVED %#x
# Region Table Entry starts with identifier for the object. often BAT id
>>0x30010	use			vhdx-id
# FileOffset
>>0x30020	ulequad		x		\b, at %#llx
# Length. Specifies the length of the object within the file
#>>0x30028	ulelong		x		\b, Length %#x
# 1 means region entry is required. if region not recognized, then REFUSE to load VHDX
>>0x3002C	ulelong		x		\b, Required %u
# 2nd region entry often metadata id
>>0x30030	use			vhdx-id
# 2nd entry FileOffset
>>0x30040	ulequad		x		\b, at %#llx
# 1 means region entry is required. if region not recognized, then REFUSE to load VHDX
>>0x3004C	ulelong		x		\b, Required %u
# 2nd region
>>0x40000	ulelong		!0x69676572	\b, 2nd region INVALID
# check in vhdx images for known id and show names instead hexadecimal
0	name		vhdx-id
# https://www.windowstricks.in/online-windows-guid-converter
# 2DC27766-F623-4200-9D64-115E9BFD4A08		BAT GUID
# 6677C22D23F600429D64115E9BFD4A08		BAT ID
>0	ubequad		=0x6677C22D23F60042
>>8	ubequad		=0x9D64115E9BFD4A08	\b, id BAT
# no BAT id
>>8	default		x
>>>0	use		vhdx-id-hex
# 8B7CA206-4790-4B9A-B8FE-575F050F886E		Metadata region GUID
# 06A27C8B90479A4BB8FE575F050F886E		Metadata region ID
>0	ubequad		=0x06A27C8B90479A4B
>>8	ubequad		=0xB8FE575F050F886E	\b, id Metadata
# no Metadata id
>>8	default		x
>>>0	use		vhdx-id-hex
# 2FA54224-CD1B-4876-B211-5DBED83BF4B8		Virtual Disk Size GUID
# 2442A52F1BCD7648B2115DBED83BF4B8		Virtual Disk Size ID
# value "virtual size" can be verified by command `qemu-img info `
>0	ubequad		=0x2442A52F1BCD7648
>>8	ubequad		=0xB2115DBED83BF4B8	\b, id vsize
# no Virtual Disk Size ID
>>8	default		x
>>>0	use		vhdx-id-hex
# other ids
>0	default		x
>>0	use		vhdx-id-hex
# in vhdx images show id as hexadecimal
0	name		vhdx-id-hex
>0	ubequad		x			\b, ID %#16.16llx
>8	ubequad		x			\b-%16.16llx
#
# libvirt
# From: Philipp Hahn <hahn (a] univention.de>
0	string	LibvirtQemudSave	Libvirt QEMU Suspend Image
>0x10	lelong	x	\b, version %u
>0x14	lelong	x	\b, XML length %u
>0x18	lelong	1	\b, running
>0x1c	lelong	0	\b, RAW (no compression)
>0x1c	lelong	1	\b, gzip compressed
>0x1c	lelong	2	\b, bzip2 compressed
>0x1c	lelong	3	\b, xz compressed
>0x1c	lelong	4	\b, lzop compressed

0	string	LibvirtQemudPart	Libvirt QEMU partial Suspend Image
# From: Alex Beregszaszi <alex (a] fsn.hu>
0	string/b	COWD		VMWare3
>4	byte	3		disk image
>>32	lelong	x		(%d/
>>36	lelong	x		\b%d/
>>40	lelong	x		\b%d)
>4	byte	2		undoable disk image
>>32	string	>\0		(%s)

0	string/b	VMDK		 VMware4 disk image
0	string/b	KDMV		 VMware4 disk image

#--------------------------------------------------------------------
# Qemu Emulator Images
# Lines written by Friedrich Schwittay (f.schwittay (a] yousable.de)
# Updated by Adam Buchbinder (adam.buchbinder (a] gmail.com)
# Made by reading sources, reading documentation, and doing trial and error
# on existing QCOW files
0	string/b	QFI\xFB	QEMU QCOW Image
!:mime	application/x-qemu-disk

# Uncomment the following line to display Magic (only used for debugging
# this magic number)
#>0	string/b	x	, Magic: %s

# There are currently 2 Versions: "1" and "2".
# https://www.gnome.org/~markmc/qcow-image-format-version-1.html
>4	belong		x	(v%d)

# Using the existence of the Backing File Offset to determine whether
# to read Backing File Information
>>12	belong	 >0	 \b, has backing file (
# Note that this isn't a null-terminated string; the length is actually
# (16.L). Assuming a null-terminated string happens to work usually, but it
# may spew junk until it reaches a \0 in some cases.
>>>(12.L)	 string >\0	\bpath %s

# Modification time of the Backing File
# Really useful if you want to know if your backing
# file is still usable together with this image
>>>>20	bedate >0	\b, mtime %s)
>>>>20	default x	\b)

# Size is stored in bytes in a big-endian u64.
>>24	bequad	x	 \b, %lld bytes

# 1 for AES encryption, 0 for none.
>>36	belong	1	\b, AES-encrypted

# https://www.gnome.org/~markmc/qcow-image-format.html
>4	belong	2	(v2)
# Using the existence of the Backing File Offset to determine whether
# to read Backing File Information
>>8	bequad  >0	 \b, has backing file
# Note that this isn't a null-terminated string; the length is actually
# (16.L). Assuming a null-terminated string happens to work usually, but it
# may spew junk until it reaches a \0 in some cases. Also, since there's no
# .Q modifier, we just use the bottom four bytes as an offset. Note that if
# the file is over 4G, and the backing file path is stored after the first 4G,
# the wrong filename will be printed. (This should be (8.Q), when that syntax
# is introduced.)
>>>(12.L)	 string >\0	(path %s)
>>24	bequad	x	\b, %lld bytes
>>32	belong	1	\b, AES-encrypted

>4	belong	3	(v3)
# Using the existence of the Backing File Offset to determine whether
# to read Backing File Information
>>8	bequad  >0	 \b, has backing file
# Note that this isn't a null-terminated string; the length is actually
# (16.L). Assuming a null-terminated string happens to work usually, but it
# may spew junk until it reaches a \0 in some cases. Also, since there's no
# .Q modifier, we just use the bottom four bytes as an offset. Note that if
# the file is over 4G, and the backing file path is stored after the first 4G,
# the wrong filename will be printed. (This should be (8.Q), when that syntax
# is introduced.)
>>>(12.L)	 string >\0	(path %s)
>>24	bequad	x	\b, %lld bytes
>>32	belong	1	\b, AES-encrypted

>4	default x	(unknown version)

0	string/b	QEVM		QEMU suspend to disk image

# QEMU QED Image
# https://wiki.qemu.org/Features/QED/Specification
0	string/b	QED\0		QEMU QED Image

# VDI Image
# Sun xVM VirtualBox Disk Image
# From: Richard W.M. Jones <rich (a] annexia.org>
# VirtualBox Disk Image
0x40	ulelong		0xbeda107f	VirtualBox Disk Image
>0x44	uleshort	>0		\b, major %u
>0x46	uleshort	>0		\b, minor %u
>0	string		>\0		(%s)
>368	lequad		x		 \b, %lld bytes

# From:		Joerg Jenderek
# URL: 		https://www.virtualbox.org/manual/ch08.html#vboxmanage-modifynvram
# Reference:	http://mark0.net/download/triddefs_xml.7z/defs/n/nvram-virtualbox.trid.xml
# Note:		called "VirtualBox saved (U)EFI BIOS settings" by TrID and
#		verfied partly by VirtualBox version 7.0.12 `VBoxManage modifynvram <uuid|vmname> listvars`
# first 64 bytes seems to be constant
0	long		0
>0x28	string		_FVH
>>0x64	beshort		0xAA55
>>>0	use		virtualbox-nvram
#	display information of virtualbox *.nvram
0	name	virtualbox-nvram
>0x64	beshort		x			VirtualBox NVRAM file
#!:mime	application/octet-stream
!:mime	application/x-virtualbox-nvram
!:ext	nvram

0	string/b	Bochs\ Virtual\ HD\ Image	Bochs disk image,
>32	string	x				type %s,
>48	string	x				subtype %s

0	lelong	0x02468ace			Bochs Sparse disk image

# QEMU replay image
# From: Alexandre Iooss <erdnaxe (a] crans.org>
# URL: https://www.qemu.org/docs/master/system/replay.html
# Reference: https://gitlab.com/qemu/qemu/-/blob/master/replay/replay.c
0	ubelong&0xFFFFFFF0	0x00e02000
>3	byte			>5
>>4	quad			0
>>>12	ulelong			<40		QEMU replay
>>>>3	byte			x		\b, version %d
>>>>3	byte			6		(QEMU 2.10-2.11)
>>>>3	byte			7		(QEMU 2.12-4.1)
>>>>3	byte			8		(QEMU 4.2)
>>>>3	byte			9		(QEMU 5.0)
>>>>3	byte			10		(QEMU 5.1-7.0)
>>>>3	byte			12		(QEMU 7.1+)

# Parallels disk image
0	string	WithoutFreeSpace	Parallels disk image
0	string	WithouFreSpacExt	Parallels disk image (extended)