xref: /src/external/bsd/unbound/dist/validator/val_utils.h

/*
 * validator/val_utils.h - validator utility functions.
 *
 * Copyright (c) 2007, NLnet Labs. All rights reserved.
 *
 * This software is open source.
 *
 * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
 * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
 * are met:
 *
 * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice,
 * this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
 *
 * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice,
 * this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation
 * and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
 *
 * Neither the name of the NLNET LABS nor the names of its contributors may
 * be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software without
 * specific prior written permission.
 *
 * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
 * "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
 * LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
 * A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
 * HOLDER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
 * SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED
 * TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR
 * PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF
 * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING
 * NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS
 * SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
 */

/**
 * \file
 *
 * This file contains helper functions for the validator module.
 */

#ifndef VALIDATOR_VAL_UTILS_H
#define VALIDATOR_VAL_UTILS_H
#include "util/data/packed_rrset.h"
#include "sldns/pkthdr.h"
#include "sldns/rrdef.h"
struct query_info;
struct reply_info;
struct val_env;
struct module_env;
struct module_qstate;
struct ub_packed_rrset_key;
struct key_entry_key;
struct regional;
struct val_anchors;
struct rrset_cache;
struct sock_list;

/**
 * Response classifications for the validator. The different types of proofs.
 */
enum val_classification {
	/** Not subtyped yet. */
	VAL_CLASS_UNTYPED = 0,
	/** Not a recognized subtype. */
	VAL_CLASS_UNKNOWN,
	/** A positive, direct, response */
	VAL_CLASS_POSITIVE,
	/** A positive response, with a CNAME/DNAME chain. */
	VAL_CLASS_CNAME,
	/** A NOERROR/NODATA response. */
	VAL_CLASS_NODATA,
	/** A NXDOMAIN response. */
	VAL_CLASS_NAMEERROR,
	/** A CNAME/DNAME chain, and the offset is at the end of it,
	 * but there is no answer here, it can be NAMEERROR or NODATA. */
	VAL_CLASS_CNAMENOANSWER,
	/** A referral, from cache with a nonRD query. */
	VAL_CLASS_REFERRAL,
	/** A response to a qtype=ANY query. */
	VAL_CLASS_ANY
};

/**
 * Given a response, classify ANSWER responses into a subtype.
 * @param query_flags: query flags for the original query.
 * @param origqinf: query info. The original query name.
 * @param qinf: query info. The chased query name.
 * @param rep: response. The original response.
 * @param skip: offset into the original response answer section.
 * @return A subtype, all values possible except UNTYPED .
 * 	Once CNAME type is returned you can increase skip.
 * 	Then, another CNAME type, CNAME_NOANSWER or POSITIVE are possible.
 */
enum val_classification val_classify_response(uint16_t query_flags,
	struct query_info* origqinf, struct query_info* qinf,
	struct reply_info* rep, size_t skip);

/**
 * Given a response, determine the name of the "signer". This is primarily
 * to determine if the response is, in fact, signed at all, and, if so, what
 * is the name of the most pertinent keyset.
 *
 * @param subtype: the type from classify.
 * @param qinf: query, the chased query name.
 * @param rep: response to that, original response.
 * @param cname_skip: how many answer rrsets have been skipped due to CNAME
 * 	chains being chased around.
 * @param signer_name:  signer name, if the response is signed
 * 	(even partially), or null if the response isn't signed.
 * @param signer_len: length of signer_name of 0 if signer_name is NULL.
 */
void val_find_signer(enum val_classification subtype,
	struct query_info* qinf, struct reply_info* rep,
	size_t cname_skip, uint8_t** signer_name, size_t* signer_len);

/**
 * Verify RRset with keys from a keyset.
 * @param env: module environment (scratch buffer)
 * @param ve: validator environment (verification settings)
 * @param rrset: what to verify
 * @param kkey: key_entry to verify with.
 * @param reason: reason of failure. Fixed string or alloced in scratch.
 * @param reason_bogus: EDE (RFC8914) code paired with the reason of failure.
 * @param section: section of packet where this rrset comes from.
 * @param qstate: qstate with region.
 * @param verified: if not NULL, the number of RRSIG validations is returned.
 * @param reasonbuf: buffer to use for fail reason string print.
 * @param reasonlen: length of reasonbuf.
 * @return security status of verification.
 */
enum sec_status val_verify_rrset_entry(struct module_env* env,
	struct val_env* ve, struct ub_packed_rrset_key* rrset,
	struct key_entry_key* kkey, char** reason, sldns_ede_code *reason_bogus,
	sldns_pkt_section section, struct module_qstate* qstate,
	int* verified, char* reasonbuf, size_t reasonlen);

/**
 * Verify DNSKEYs with DS rrset. Like val_verify_new_DNSKEYs but
 * returns a sec_status instead of a key_entry.
 * @param env: module environment (scratch buffer)
 * @param ve: validator environment (verification settings)
 * @param dnskey_rrset: DNSKEY rrset to verify
 * @param ds_rrset: DS rrset to verify with.
 * @param sigalg: if nonNULL provide downgrade protection otherwise one
 *   algorithm is enough.  The list of signalled algorithms is returned,
 *   must have enough space for ALGO_NEEDS_MAX+1.
 * @param reason: reason of failure. Fixed string or alloced in scratch.
 * @param reason_bogus: EDE (RFC8914) code paired with the reason of failure.
 * @param qstate: qstate with region.
 * @param reasonbuf: buffer to use for fail reason string print.
 * @param reasonlen: length of reasonbuf.
 * @return: sec_status_secure if a DS matches.
 *     sec_status_insecure if end of trust (i.e., unknown algorithms).
 *     sec_status_bogus if it fails.
 */
enum sec_status val_verify_DNSKEY_with_DS(struct module_env* env,
    struct val_env* ve, struct ub_packed_rrset_key* dnskey_rrset,
    struct ub_packed_rrset_key* ds_rrset, uint8_t* sigalg, char** reason,
    sldns_ede_code *reason_bogus, struct module_qstate* qstate,
    char* reasonbuf, size_t reasonlen);

/**
 * Verify DNSKEYs with DS and DNSKEY rrset.  Like val_verify_DNSKEY_with_DS
 * but for a trust anchor.
 * @param env: module environment (scratch buffer)
 * @param ve: validator environment (verification settings)
 * @param dnskey_rrset: DNSKEY rrset to verify
 * @param ta_ds: DS rrset to verify with.
 * @param ta_dnskey: DNSKEY rrset to verify with.
 * @param sigalg: if nonNULL provide downgrade protection otherwise one
 *   algorithm is enough.  The list of signalled algorithms is returned,
 *   must have enough space for ALGO_NEEDS_MAX+1.
 * @param reason: reason of failure. Fixed string or alloced in scratch.
 * @param reason_bogus: EDE (RFC8914) code paired with the reason of failure.
 * @param qstate: qstate with region.
 * @param reasonbuf: buffer to use for fail reason string print.
 * @param reasonlen: length of reasonbuf.
 * @return: sec_status_secure if a DS matches.
 *     sec_status_insecure if end of trust (i.e., unknown algorithms).
 *     sec_status_bogus if it fails.
 */
enum sec_status val_verify_DNSKEY_with_TA(struct module_env* env,
    struct val_env* ve, struct ub_packed_rrset_key* dnskey_rrset,
    struct ub_packed_rrset_key* ta_ds,
    struct ub_packed_rrset_key* ta_dnskey, uint8_t* sigalg, char** reason,
    sldns_ede_code *reason_bogus, struct module_qstate* qstate,
    char* reasonbuf, size_t reasonlen);

/**
 * Verify new DNSKEYs with DS rrset. The DS contains hash values that should
 * match the DNSKEY keys.
 * match the DS to a DNSKEY and verify the DNSKEY rrset with that key.
 *
 * @param region: where to allocate key entry result.
 * @param env: module environment (scratch buffer)
 * @param ve: validator environment (verification settings)
 * @param dnskey_rrset: DNSKEY rrset to verify
 * @param ds_rrset: DS rrset to verify with.
 * @param downprot: if true provide downgrade protection otherwise one
 *   algorithm is enough.
 * @param reason: reason of failure. Fixed string or alloced in scratch.
 * @param reason_bogus: EDE (RFC8914) code paired with the reason of failure.
 * @param qstate: qstate with region.
 * @param reasonbuf: buffer to use for fail reason string print.
 * @param reasonlen: length of reasonbuf.
 * @return a KeyEntry. This will either contain the now trusted
 *         dnskey_rrset, a "null" key entry indicating that this DS
 *         rrset/DNSKEY pair indicate an secure end to the island of trust
 *         (i.e., unknown algorithms), or a "bad" KeyEntry if the dnskey
 *         rrset fails to verify. Note that the "null" response should
 *         generally only occur in a private algorithm scenario: normally
 *         this sort of thing is checked before fetching the matching DNSKEY
 *         rrset.
 *         if downprot is set, a key entry with an algo list is made.
 */
struct key_entry_key* val_verify_new_DNSKEYs(struct regional* region,
    struct module_env* env, struct val_env* ve,
    struct ub_packed_rrset_key* dnskey_rrset,
    struct ub_packed_rrset_key* ds_rrset, int downprot, char** reason,
    sldns_ede_code *reason_bogus, struct module_qstate* qstate,
    char* reasonbuf, size_t reasonlen);

/**
 * Verify rrset with trust anchor: DS and DNSKEY rrset.
 *
 * @param region: where to allocate key entry result.
 * @param env: module environment (scratch buffer)
 * @param ve: validator environment (verification settings)
 * @param dnskey_rrset: DNSKEY rrset to verify
 * @param ta_ds_rrset: DS rrset to verify with.
 * @param ta_dnskey_rrset: the DNSKEY rrset to verify with.
 * @param downprot: if true provide downgrade protection otherwise one
 *   algorithm is enough.
 * @param reason: reason of failure. Fixed string or alloced in scratch.
 * @param reason_bogus: EDE (RFC8914) code paired with the reason of failure.
 * @param qstate: qstate with region.
 * @param reasonbuf: buffer to use for fail reason string print.
 * @param reasonlen: length of reasonbuf.
 * @return a KeyEntry. This will either contain the now trusted
 *         dnskey_rrset, a "null" key entry indicating that this DS
 *         rrset/DNSKEY pair indicate an secure end to the island of trust
 *         (i.e., unknown algorithms), or a "bad" KeyEntry if the dnskey
 *         rrset fails to verify. Note that the "null" response should
 *         generally only occur in a private algorithm scenario: normally
 *         this sort of thing is checked before fetching the matching DNSKEY
 *         rrset.
 *         if downprot is set, a key entry with an algo list is made.
 */
struct key_entry_key* val_verify_new_DNSKEYs_with_ta(struct regional* region,
    struct module_env* env, struct val_env* ve,
    struct ub_packed_rrset_key* dnskey_rrset,
    struct ub_packed_rrset_key* ta_ds_rrset,
    struct ub_packed_rrset_key* ta_dnskey_rrset, int downprot,
    char** reason, sldns_ede_code *reason_bogus, struct module_qstate* qstate,
    char* reasonbuf, size_t reasonlen);

/**
 * Determine if DS rrset is usable for validator or not.
 * Returns true if the algorithms for key and DShash are supported,
 * for at least one RR.
 *
 * @param ds_rrset: the newly received DS rrset.
 * @return true or false if not usable.
 */
int val_dsset_isusable(struct ub_packed_rrset_key* ds_rrset);

/**
 * Determine by looking at a signed RRset whether or not the RRset name was
 * the result of a wildcard expansion. If so, return the name of the
 * generating wildcard.
 *
 * @param rrset The rrset to check.
 * @param wc: the wildcard name, if the rrset was synthesized from a wildcard.
 *         unchanged if not.  The wildcard name, without "*." in front, is
 *         returned. This is a pointer into the rrset owner name.
 * @param wc_len: the length of the returned wildcard name.
 * @return false if the signatures are inconsistent in indicating the
 * 	wildcard status; possible spoofing of wildcard response for other
 * 	responses is being tried. We lost the status which rrsig was verified
 * 	after the verification routine finished, so we simply check if
 * 	the signatures are consistent; inserting a fake signature is a denial
 * 	of service; but in that you could also have removed the real
 * 	signature anyway.
 */
int val_rrset_wildcard(struct ub_packed_rrset_key* rrset, uint8_t** wc,
	size_t* wc_len);

/**
 * Chase the cname to the next query name.
 * @param qchase: the current query name, updated to next target.
 * @param rep: original message reply to look at CNAMEs.
 * @param cname_skip: the skip into the answer section. Updated to skip
 * 	DNAME and CNAME to the next part of the answer.
 * @return false on error (bad rdata).
 */
int val_chase_cname(struct query_info* qchase, struct reply_info* rep,
	size_t* cname_skip);

/**
 * Fill up the chased reply with the content from the original reply;
 * as pointers to those rrsets. Select the part after the cname_skip into
 * the answer section, NS and AR sections that are signed with same signer.
 *
 * @param chase: chased reply, filled up.
 * @param orig: original reply.
 * @param cname_skip: which part of the answer section to skip.
 * 	The skipped part contains CNAME(and DNAME)s that have been chased.
 * @param name: the signer name to look for.
 * @param len: length of name.
 * @param signer: signer name or NULL if an unsigned RRset is considered.
 *	If NULL, rrsets with the lookup name are copied over.
 */
void val_fill_reply(struct reply_info* chase, struct reply_info* orig,
	size_t cname_skip, uint8_t* name, size_t len, uint8_t* signer);

/**
 * Remove rrset with index from reply, from the authority section.
 * @param rep: reply to remove it from.
 * @param index: rrset to remove, must be in the authority section.
 */
void val_reply_remove_auth(struct reply_info* rep, size_t index);

/**
 * Remove all unsigned or non-secure status rrsets from NS and AR sections.
 * So that unsigned data does not get let through to clients, when we have
 * found the data to be secure.
 *
 * @param env: environment with cleaning options.
 * @param rep: reply to dump all nonsecure stuff out of.
 */
void val_check_nonsecure(struct module_env* env, struct reply_info* rep);

/**
 * Mark all unchecked rrset entries not below a trust anchor as indeterminate.
 * Only security==unchecked rrsets are updated.
 * @param rep: the reply with rrsets.
 * @param anchors: the trust anchors.
 * @param r: rrset cache to store updated security status into.
 * @param env: module environment
 */
void val_mark_indeterminate(struct reply_info* rep,
	struct val_anchors* anchors, struct rrset_cache* r,
	struct module_env* env);

/**
 * Mark all unchecked rrset entries below a NULL key entry as insecure.
 * Only security==unchecked rrsets are updated.
 * @param rep: the reply with rrsets.
 * @param kname: end of secure space name.
 * @param r: rrset cache to store updated security status into.
 * @param env: module environment
 */
void val_mark_insecure(struct reply_info* rep, uint8_t* kname,
	struct rrset_cache* r, struct module_env* env);

/**
 * Find next unchecked rrset position, return it for skip.
 * @param rep: the original reply to look into.
 * @param skip: the skip now.
 * @return new skip, which may be at the rep->rrset_count position to signal
 * 	there are no unchecked items.
 */
size_t val_next_unchecked(struct reply_info* rep, size_t skip);

/**
 * Find the signer name for an RRset.
 * @param rrset: the rrset.
 * @param sname: signer name is returned or NULL if not signed.
 * @param slen: length of sname (or 0).
 */
void val_find_rrset_signer(struct ub_packed_rrset_key* rrset, uint8_t** sname,
	size_t* slen);

/**
 * Get string to denote the classification result.
 * @param subtype: from classification function.
 * @return static string to describe the classification.
 */
const char* val_classification_to_string(enum val_classification subtype);

/**
 * Add existing list to blacklist.
 * @param blacklist: the blacklist with result
 * @param region: the region where blacklist is allocated.
 *	Allocation failures are logged.
 * @param origin: origin list to add, if NULL, a cache-entry is added to
 *   the blacklist to stop cache from being used.
 * @param cross: if true this is a cross-qstate copy, and the 'origin'
 *   list is not allocated in the same region as the blacklist.
 */
void val_blacklist(struct sock_list** blacklist, struct regional* region,
	struct sock_list* origin, int cross);

/**
 * check if has dnssec info, and if it has signed nsecs. gives error reason.
 * @param rep: reply to check.
 * @param reason: returned on fail.
 * @return false if message has no signed nsecs.  Can not prove negatives.
 */
int val_has_signed_nsecs(struct reply_info* rep, char** reason);

/**
 * Return algo number for favorite (best) algorithm that we support in DS.
 * @param ds_rrset: the DSes in this rrset are inspected and best algo chosen.
 * @return algo number or 0 if none supported. 0 is unused as algo number.
 */
int val_favorite_ds_algo(struct ub_packed_rrset_key* ds_rrset);

/**
 * Find DS denial message in cache.  Saves new qstate allocation and allows
 * the validator to use partial content which is not enough to construct a
 * message for network (or user) consumption.  Without SOA for example,
 * which is a common occurrence in the unbound code since the referrals contain
 * NSEC/NSEC3 rrs without the SOA element, thus do not allow synthesis of a
 * full negative reply, but do allow synthesis of sufficient proof.
 * @param env: query env with caches and time.
 * @param nm: name of DS record sought.
 * @param nmlen: length of name.
 * @param c: class of DS RR.
 * @param region: where to allocate result.
 * @param topname: name of the key that is currently in use, that will get
 *	used to validate the result, and thus no higher entries from the
 *	negative cache need to be examined.
 * @return a dns_msg on success. NULL on failure.
 */
struct dns_msg* val_find_DS(struct module_env* env, uint8_t* nm, size_t nmlen,
	uint16_t c, struct regional* region, uint8_t* topname);

/**
 * Derive expected CNAME target from DNAME substitution per RFC 6672 s3.1
 * @param cname: CNAME RRset, (e.g., b.d.a005.test CNAME 'some cname target')
 * @param dname: DNAME RRset, (e.g., d.a005.test DNAME tgt.a005.test)
 * @param out: Output buffer for expected CNAME target
 * @param outlen: Output buffer size
 * @return: 1 on success, 0 on error
 */
int derive_cname_from_dname(struct ub_packed_rrset_key* cname,
	struct ub_packed_rrset_key* dname, uint8_t* out, size_t outlen);

#endif /* VALIDATOR_VAL_UTILS_H */