ctf/cvt/dwarf.c

/*
 * CDDL HEADER START
 *
 * The contents of this file are subject to the terms of the
 * Common Development and Distribution License (the "License").
 * You may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
 *
 * You can obtain a copy of the license at usr/src/OPENSOLARIS.LICENSE
 * or http://www.opensolaris.org/os/licensing.
 * See the License for the specific language governing permissions
 * and limitations under the License.
 *
 * When distributing Covered Code, include this CDDL HEADER in each
 * file and include the License file at usr/src/OPENSOLARIS.LICENSE.
 * If applicable, add the following below this CDDL HEADER, with the
 * fields enclosed by brackets "[]" replaced with your own identifying
 * information: Portions Copyright [yyyy] [name of copyright owner]
 *
 * CDDL HEADER END
 */
/*
 * Copyright 2007 Sun Microsystems, Inc.  All rights reserved.
 * Use is subject to license terms.
 */

/*
 * DWARF to tdata conversion
 *
 * For the most part, conversion is straightforward, proceeding in two passes.
 * On the first pass, we iterate through every die, creating new type nodes as
 * necessary.  Referenced tdesc_t's are created in an uninitialized state, thus
 * allowing type reference pointers to be filled in.  If the tdesc_t
 * corresponding to a given die can be completely filled out (sizes and offsets
 * calculated, and so forth) without using any referenced types, the tdesc_t is
 * marked as resolved.  Consider an array type.  If the type corresponding to
 * the array contents has not yet been processed, we will create a blank tdesc
 * for the contents type (only the type ID will be filled in, relying upon the
 * later portion of the first pass to encounter and complete the referenced
 * type).  We will then attempt to determine the size of the array.  If the
 * array has a byte size attribute, we will have completely characterized the
 * array type, and will be able to mark it as resolved.  The lack of a byte
 * size attribute, on the other hand, will prevent us from fully resolving the
 * type, as the size will only be calculable with reference to the contents
 * type, which has not, as yet, been encountered.  The array type will thus be
 * left without the resolved flag, and the first pass will continue.
 *
 * When we begin the second pass, we will have created tdesc_t nodes for every
 * type in the section.  We will traverse the tree, from the iidescs down,
 * processing each unresolved node.  As the referenced nodes will have been
 * populated, the array type used in our example above will be able to use the
 * size of the referenced types (if available) to determine its own type.  The
 * traversal will be repeated until all types have been resolved or we have
 * failed to make progress.  When all tdescs have been resolved, the conversion
 * is complete.
 *
 * There are, as always, a few special cases that are handled during the first
 * and second passes:
 *
 *  1. Empty enums - GCC will occasionally emit an enum without any members.
 *     Later on in the file, it will emit the same enum type, though this time
 *     with the full complement of members.  All references to the memberless
 *     enum need to be redirected to the full definition.  During the first
 *     pass, each enum is entered in dm_enumhash, along with a pointer to its
 *     corresponding tdesc_t.  If, during the second pass, we encounter a
 *     memberless enum, we use the hash to locate the full definition.  All
 *     tdescs referencing the empty enum are then redirected.
 *
 *  2. Forward declarations - If the compiler sees a forward declaration for
 *     a structure, followed by the definition of that structure, it will emit
 *     DWARF data for both the forward declaration and the definition.  We need
 *     to resolve the forward declarations when possible, by redirecting
 *     forward-referencing tdescs to the actual struct/union definitions.  This
 *     redirection is done completely within the first pass.  We begin by
 *     recording all forward declarations in dw_fwdhash.  When we define a
 *     structure, we check to see if there have been any corresponding forward
 *     declarations.  If so, we redirect the tdescs which referenced the forward
 *     declarations to the structure or union definition.
 *
 * XXX see if a post traverser will allow the elimination of repeated pass 2
 * traversals.
 */

#if HAVE_NBTOOL_CONFIG_H
# include "nbtool_config.h"
#endif

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <strings.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <libelf.h>
#include <libdwarf.h>
#include <libgen.h>
#include <dwarf.h>

#include "ctf_headers.h"
#include "ctftools.h"
#include "memory.h"
#include "list.h"
#include "traverse.h"

/*
 * We need to define a couple of our own intrinsics, to smooth out some of the
 * differences between the GCC and DevPro DWARF emitters.  See the referenced
 * routines and the special cases in the file comment for more details.
 *
 * Type IDs are 32 bits wide.  We're going to use the top of that field to
 * indicate types that we've created ourselves.
 */
#define	TID_FILEMAX		0x3fffffff	/* highest tid from file */
#define	TID_VOID		0x40000001	/* see die_void() */
#define	TID_LONG		0x40000002	/* see die_array() */

#define	TID_MFGTID_BASE		0x40000003	/* first mfg'd tid */

/*
 * To reduce the staggering amount of error-handling code that would otherwise
 * be required, the attribute-retrieval routines handle most of their own
 * errors.  If the following flag is supplied as the value of the `req'
 * argument, they will also handle the absence of a requested attribute by
 * terminating the program.
 */
#define	DW_ATTR_REQ	1

#define	TDESC_HASH_BUCKETS	511

typedef struct dwarf {
	Dwarf_Debug dw_dw;		/* for libdwarf */
	Dwarf_Error dw_err;		/* for libdwarf */
	Dwarf_Off dw_maxoff;		/* highest legal offset in this cu */
	tdata_t *dw_td;			/* root of the tdesc/iidesc tree */
	hash_t *dw_tidhash;		/* hash of tdescs by t_id */
	hash_t *dw_fwdhash;		/* hash of fwd decls by name */
	hash_t *dw_enumhash;		/* hash of memberless enums by name */
	tdesc_t *dw_void;		/* manufactured void type */
	tdesc_t *dw_long;		/* manufactured long type for arrays */
	size_t dw_ptrsz;		/* size of a pointer in this file */
	tid_t dw_mfgtid_last;		/* last mfg'd type ID used */
	uint_t dw_nunres;		/* count of unresolved types */
	char *dw_cuname;		/* name of compilation unit */
} dwarf_t;

static void die_create_one(dwarf_t *, Dwarf_Die);
static void die_create(dwarf_t *, Dwarf_Die);

static tid_t
mfgtid_next(dwarf_t *dw)
{
	return (++dw->dw_mfgtid_last);
}

static void
tdesc_add(dwarf_t *dw, tdesc_t *tdp)
{
	hash_add(dw->dw_tidhash, tdp);
}

static tdesc_t *
tdesc_lookup(dwarf_t *dw, int tid)
{
	tdesc_t tmpl;
	void *tdp;

	tmpl.t_id = tid;

	if (hash_find(dw->dw_tidhash, &tmpl, &tdp))
		return (tdp);
	else
		return (NULL);
}

/*
 * Resolve a tdesc down to a node which should have a size.  Returns the size,
 * zero if the size hasn't yet been determined.
 */
static size_t
tdesc_size(tdesc_t *tdp)
{
	for (;;) {
		switch (tdp->t_type) {
		case INTRINSIC:
		case POINTER:
		case REFERENCE:
		case ARRAY:
		case FUNCTION:
		case STRUCT:
		case UNION:
		case ENUM:
			return (tdp->t_size);

		case FORWARD:
			debug(3, "type is forward for %#x\n", tdp->t_id);
			return (0);

		case TYPEDEF:
		case VOLATILE:
		case CONST:
		case RESTRICT:
			tdp = tdp->t_tdesc;
			continue;

		case 0: /* not yet defined */
			debug(3, "type is undefined for %#x\n", tdp->t_id);
			return (0);

		default:
			terminate("tdp %u: tdesc_size on unknown type %#x\n",
			    tdp->t_id, tdp->t_type);
		}
	}
}

static size_t
tdesc_bitsize(tdesc_t *tdp)
{
	for (;;) {
		switch (tdp->t_type) {
		case INTRINSIC:
			return (tdp->t_intr->intr_nbits);

		case ARRAY:
		case FUNCTION:
		case STRUCT:
		case UNION:
		case ENUM:
		case POINTER:
		case REFERENCE:
			return (tdp->t_size * NBBY);

		case FORWARD:
			debug(3, "bitsize is forward for %d\n", tdp->t_id);
			return (0);

		case TYPEDEF:
		case VOLATILE:
		case RESTRICT:
		case CONST:
			tdp = tdp->t_tdesc;
			continue;

		case 0: /* not yet defined */
			debug(3, "bitsize is undefined for %d\n", tdp->t_id);
			return (0);

		default:
			terminate("tdp %u: tdesc_bitsize on unknown type %d\n",
			    tdp->t_id, tdp->t_type);
		}
	}
}

static tdesc_t *
tdesc_basetype(tdesc_t *tdp)
{
	for (;;) {
		switch (tdp->t_type) {
		case TYPEDEF:
		case VOLATILE:
		case RESTRICT:
		case CONST:
			tdp = tdp->t_tdesc;
			break;
		case 0: /* not yet defined */
			return (NULL);
		default:
			return (tdp);
		}
	}
}

static Dwarf_Off
die_off(dwarf_t *dw, Dwarf_Die die)
{
	Dwarf_Off off;

	if (dwarf_dieoffset(die, &off, &dw->dw_err) == DW_DLV_OK)
		return (off);

	terminate("failed to get offset for die: %s\n",
	    dwarf_errmsg(dw->dw_err));
	/*NOTREACHED*/
	return (0);
}

static Dwarf_Die
die_sibling(dwarf_t *dw, Dwarf_Die die)
{
	Dwarf_Die sib;
	int rc;

	if ((rc = dwarf_siblingof(dw->dw_dw, die, &sib, &dw->dw_err)) ==
	    DW_DLV_OK)
		return (sib);
	else if (rc == DW_DLV_NO_ENTRY)
		return (NULL);

	terminate("die %ju: failed to find type sibling: %s\n",
	    (uintmax_t)die_off(dw, die), dwarf_errmsg(dw->dw_err));
	/*NOTREACHED*/
	return (NULL);
}

static Dwarf_Die
die_child(dwarf_t *dw, Dwarf_Die die)
{
	Dwarf_Die child;
	int rc;

	if ((rc = dwarf_child(die, &child, &dw->dw_err)) == DW_DLV_OK)
		return (child);
	else if (rc == DW_DLV_NO_ENTRY)
		return (NULL);

	terminate("die %ju: failed to find type child: %s\n",
	    (uintmax_t)die_off(dw, die), dwarf_errmsg(dw->dw_err));
	/*NOTREACHED*/
	return (NULL);
}

static Dwarf_Half
die_tag(dwarf_t *dw, Dwarf_Die die)
{
	Dwarf_Half tag;

	if (dwarf_tag(die, &tag, &dw->dw_err) == DW_DLV_OK)
		return (tag);

	terminate("die %ju: failed to get tag for type: %s\n",
	    (uintmax_t)die_off(dw, die), dwarf_errmsg(dw->dw_err));
	/*NOTREACHED*/
	return (0);
}

static Dwarf_Attribute
die_attr(dwarf_t *dw, Dwarf_Die die, Dwarf_Half name, int req)
{
	Dwarf_Attribute attr;
	int rc;

	if ((rc = dwarf_attr(die, name, &attr, &dw->dw_err)) == DW_DLV_OK) {
		return (attr);
	} else if (rc == DW_DLV_NO_ENTRY) {
		if (req) {
			terminate("die %ju: no attr 0x%x\n",
			    (uintmax_t)die_off(dw, die),
			    name);
		} else {
			return (NULL);
		}
	}

	terminate("die %ju: failed to get attribute for type: %s\n",
	    (uintmax_t)die_off(dw, die), dwarf_errmsg(dw->dw_err));
	/*NOTREACHED*/
	return (NULL);
}

static int
die_signed(dwarf_t *dw, Dwarf_Die die, Dwarf_Half name, Dwarf_Signed *valp,
    int req)
{
	*valp = 0;
	if (dwarf_attrval_signed(die, name, valp, &dw->dw_err) != DW_DLV_OK) {
		if (req)
			terminate("die %ju: failed to get signed: %s\n",
			    (uintmax_t)die_off(dw, die),
			    dwarf_errmsg(dw->dw_err));
		return (0);
	}

	return (1);
}

static int
die_unsigned(dwarf_t *dw, Dwarf_Die die, Dwarf_Half name, Dwarf_Unsigned *valp,
    int req)
{
	*valp = 0;
	if (dwarf_attrval_unsigned(die, name, valp, &dw->dw_err) != DW_DLV_OK) {
		if (req)
			terminate("die %ju: failed to get unsigned: %s\n",
			    (uintmax_t)die_off(dw, die),
			    dwarf_errmsg(dw->dw_err));
		return (0);
	}

	return (1);
}

static int
die_bool(dwarf_t *dw, Dwarf_Die die, Dwarf_Half name, Dwarf_Bool *valp, int req)
{
	*valp = 0;

	if (dwarf_attrval_flag(die, name, valp, &dw->dw_err) != DW_DLV_OK) {
		if (req)
			terminate("die %ju: failed to get flag: %s\n",
			    (uintmax_t)die_off(dw, die),
			    dwarf_errmsg(dw->dw_err));
		return (0);
	}

	return (1);
}

static int
die_string(dwarf_t *dw, Dwarf_Die die, Dwarf_Half name, char **strp, int req)
{
	const char *str = NULL;

	if (dwarf_attrval_string(die, name, &str, &dw->dw_err) != DW_DLV_OK ||
	    str == NULL) {
		if (req)
			terminate("die %ju: failed to get string: %s\n",
			    (uintmax_t)die_off(dw, die),
			    dwarf_errmsg(dw->dw_err));
		else
			*strp = NULL;
		return (0);
	} else
		*strp = xstrdup(str);

	return (1);
}

static Dwarf_Off
die_attr_ref(dwarf_t *dw, Dwarf_Die die, Dwarf_Half name)
{
	Dwarf_Unsigned off;

	if (dwarf_attrval_unsigned(die, name, &off, &dw->dw_err) != DW_DLV_OK) {
		terminate("die %ju: failed to get ref: %s\n",
		    (uintmax_t)die_off(dw, die), dwarf_errmsg(dw->dw_err));
	}

	return (off);
}

static char *
die_name(dwarf_t *dw, Dwarf_Die die)
{
	char *str = NULL;

	(void) die_string(dw, die, DW_AT_name, &str, 0);
	if (str == NULL)
		str = xstrdup("");

	return (str);
}

static int
die_isdecl(dwarf_t *dw, Dwarf_Die die)
{
	Dwarf_Bool val;

	return (die_bool(dw, die, DW_AT_declaration, &val, 0) && val);
}

static int
die_isglobal(dwarf_t *dw, Dwarf_Die die)
{
	Dwarf_Signed vis;
	Dwarf_Bool ext;

	/*
	 * Some compilers (gcc) use DW_AT_external to indicate function
	 * visibility.  Others (Sun) use DW_AT_visibility.
	 */
	if (die_signed(dw, die, DW_AT_visibility, &vis, 0))
		return (vis == DW_VIS_exported);
	else
		return (die_bool(dw, die, DW_AT_external, &ext, 0) && ext);
}

static tdesc_t *
die_add(dwarf_t *dw, Dwarf_Off off)
{
	tdesc_t *tdp = xcalloc(sizeof (tdesc_t));

	tdp->t_id = off;

	tdesc_add(dw, tdp);

	return (tdp);
}

static tdesc_t *
die_lookup_pass1(dwarf_t *dw, Dwarf_Die die, Dwarf_Half name)
{
	Dwarf_Off ref = die_attr_ref(dw, die, name);
	tdesc_t *tdp;

	if ((tdp = tdesc_lookup(dw, ref)) != NULL)
		return (tdp);

	return (die_add(dw, ref));
}

static int
die_mem_offset(dwarf_t *dw, Dwarf_Die die, Dwarf_Half name,
    Dwarf_Unsigned *valp, int req __unused)
{
	Dwarf_Locdesc *loc = NULL;
	Dwarf_Signed locnum = 0;
	Dwarf_Attribute at;
	Dwarf_Half form;

	if (name != DW_AT_data_member_location)
		terminate("die %ju: can only process attribute "
		    "DW_AT_data_member_location\n",
		    (uintmax_t)die_off(dw, die));

	if ((at = die_attr(dw, die, name, 0)) == NULL)
		return (0);

	if (dwarf_whatform(at, &form, &dw->dw_err) != DW_DLV_OK)
		return (0);

	switch (form) {
	case DW_FORM_sec_offset:
	case DW_FORM_block:
	case DW_FORM_block1:
	case DW_FORM_block2:
	case DW_FORM_block4:
		/*
		 * GCC in base and Clang (3.3 or below) generates
		 * DW_AT_data_member_location attribute with DW_FORM_block*
		 * form. The attribute contains one DW_OP_plus_uconst
		 * operator. The member offset stores in the operand.
		 */
		if (dwarf_loclist(at, &loc, &locnum, &dw->dw_err) != DW_DLV_OK)
			return (0);
		if (locnum != 1 || loc->ld_s->lr_atom != DW_OP_plus_uconst) {
			terminate("die %ju: cannot parse member offset with "
			    "operator other than DW_OP_plus_uconst\n",
			    (uintmax_t)die_off(dw, die));
		}
		*valp = loc->ld_s->lr_number;
		if (loc != NULL) {
			dwarf_dealloc(dw->dw_dw, loc->ld_s, DW_DLA_LOC_BLOCK);
			dwarf_dealloc(dw->dw_dw, loc, DW_DLA_LOCDESC);
		}
		break;

	case DW_FORM_data1:
	case DW_FORM_data2:
	case DW_FORM_data4:
	case DW_FORM_data8:
	case DW_FORM_udata:
		/*
		 * Clang 3.4 generates DW_AT_data_member_location attribute
		 * with DW_FORM_data* form (constant class). The attribute
		 * stores a contant value which is the member offset.
		 *
		 * However, note that DW_FORM_data[48] in DWARF version 2 or 3
		 * could be used as a section offset (offset into .debug_loc in
		 * this case). Here we assume the attribute always stores a
		 * constant because we know Clang 3.4 does this and GCC in
		 * base won't emit DW_FORM_data[48] for this attribute. This
		 * code will remain correct if future vesrions of Clang and
		 * GCC conform to DWARF4 standard and only use the form
		 * DW_FORM_sec_offset for section offset.
		 */
		if (dwarf_attrval_unsigned(die, name, valp, &dw->dw_err) !=
		    DW_DLV_OK)
			return (0);
		break;

	default:
		terminate("die %ju: cannot parse member offset with form "
		    "%u\n", (uintmax_t)die_off(dw, die), form);
	}

	return (1);
}

static tdesc_t *
tdesc_intr_common(dwarf_t *dw, int tid, const char *name, size_t sz)
{
	tdesc_t *tdp;
	intr_t *intr;

	intr = xcalloc(sizeof (intr_t));
	intr->intr_type = INTR_INT;
	intr->intr_signed = 1;
	intr->intr_nbits = sz * NBBY;

	tdp = xcalloc(sizeof (tdesc_t));
	tdp->t_name = xstrdup(name);
	tdp->t_size = sz;
	tdp->t_id = tid;
	tdp->t_type = INTRINSIC;
	tdp->t_intr = intr;
	tdp->t_flags = TDESC_F_RESOLVED;

	tdesc_add(dw, tdp);

	return (tdp);
}

/*
 * Manufacture a void type.  Used for gcc-emitted stabs, where the lack of a
 * type reference implies a reference to a void type.  A void *, for example
 * will be represented by a pointer die without a DW_AT_type.  CTF requires
 * that pointer nodes point to something, so we'll create a void for use as
 * the target.  Note that the DWARF data may already create a void type.  Ours
 * would then be a duplicate, but it'll be removed in the self-uniquification
 * merge performed at the completion of DWARF->tdesc conversion.
 */
static tdesc_t *
tdesc_intr_void(dwarf_t *dw)
{
	if (dw->dw_void == NULL)
		dw->dw_void = tdesc_intr_common(dw, TID_VOID, "void", 0);

	return (dw->dw_void);
}

static tdesc_t *
tdesc_intr_long(dwarf_t *dw)
{
	if (dw->dw_long == NULL) {
		dw->dw_long = tdesc_intr_common(dw, TID_LONG, "long",
		    dw->dw_ptrsz);
	}

	return (dw->dw_long);
}

/*
 * Used for creating bitfield types.  We create a copy of an existing intrinsic,
 * adjusting the size of the copy to match what the caller requested.  The
 * caller can then use the copy as the type for a bitfield structure member.
 */
static tdesc_t *
tdesc_intr_clone(dwarf_t *dw, tdesc_t *old, size_t bitsz)
{
	tdesc_t *new = xcalloc(sizeof (tdesc_t));

	if (!(old->t_flags & TDESC_F_RESOLVED)) {
		terminate("tdp %u: attempt to make a bit field from an "
		    "unresolved type\n", old->t_id);
	}

	new->t_name = xstrdup(old->t_name);
	new->t_size = old->t_size;
	new->t_id = mfgtid_next(dw);
	new->t_type = INTRINSIC;
	new->t_flags = TDESC_F_RESOLVED;

	new->t_intr = xcalloc(sizeof (intr_t));
	bcopy(old->t_intr, new->t_intr, sizeof (intr_t));
	new->t_intr->intr_nbits = bitsz;

	tdesc_add(dw, new);

	return (new);
}

static void
tdesc_array_create(dwarf_t *dw, Dwarf_Die dim, tdesc_t *arrtdp,
    tdesc_t *dimtdp)
{
	Dwarf_Unsigned uval;
	Dwarf_Signed sval;
	tdesc_t *ctdp = NULL;
	Dwarf_Die dim2;
	ardef_t *ar;

	if ((dim2 = die_sibling(dw, dim)) == NULL) {
		ctdp = arrtdp;
		debug(3, "die %ju: sibling type %#x for dimension\n",
		    (uintmax_t)die_off(dw, dim), ctdp->t_id);
	} else if (die_tag(dw, dim2) == DW_TAG_subrange_type) {
		ctdp = xcalloc(sizeof (tdesc_t));
		ctdp->t_id = mfgtid_next(dw);
		debug(3, "die %ju: creating new type %#x for sub-dimension\n",
		    (uintmax_t)die_off(dw, dim2), ctdp->t_id);
		tdesc_array_create(dw, dim2, arrtdp, ctdp);
	} else {
		terminate("die %ju: unexpected non-subrange node in array\n",
		    (uintmax_t)die_off(dw, dim2));
	}

	dimtdp->t_type = ARRAY;
	dimtdp->t_ardef = ar = xcalloc(sizeof (ardef_t));

	/*
	 * Array bounds can be signed or unsigned, but there are several kinds
	 * of signless forms (data1, data2, etc) that take their sign from the
	 * routine that is trying to interpret them.  That is, data1 can be
	 * either signed or unsigned, depending on whether you use the signed or
	 * unsigned accessor function.  GCC will use the signless forms to store
	 * unsigned values which have their high bit set, so we need to try to
	 * read them first as unsigned to get positive values.  We could also
	 * try signed first, falling back to unsigned if we got a negative
	 * value.
	 */
	if (die_unsigned(dw, dim, DW_AT_upper_bound, &uval, 0))
		ar->ad_nelems = uval + 1;
	else if (die_signed(dw, dim, DW_AT_upper_bound, &sval, 0))
		ar->ad_nelems = sval + 1;
	else if (die_unsigned(dw, dim, DW_AT_count, &uval, 0))
		ar->ad_nelems = uval + 1;
	else if (die_signed(dw, dim, DW_AT_count, &sval, 0))
		ar->ad_nelems = sval + 1;
	else
		ar->ad_nelems = 0;

	/*
	 * Different compilers use different index types.  Force the type to be
	 * a common, known value (long).
	 */
	ar->ad_idxtype = tdesc_intr_long(dw);
	ar->ad_contents = ctdp;
	debug(3, "die %ju: hi mom sibling type %#x for dimension\n",
	    (uintmax_t)die_off(dw, dim), ctdp->t_id);

	if (ar->ad_contents->t_size != 0) {
		dimtdp->t_size = ar->ad_contents->t_size * ar->ad_nelems;
		dimtdp->t_flags |= TDESC_F_RESOLVED;
	}
}

/*
 * Create a tdesc from an array node.  Some arrays will come with byte size
 * attributes, and thus can be resolved immediately.  Others don't, and will
 * need to wait until the second pass for resolution.
 */
static void
die_array_create(dwarf_t *dw, Dwarf_Die arr, Dwarf_Off off, tdesc_t *tdp)
{
	tdesc_t *arrtdp = die_lookup_pass1(dw, arr, DW_AT_type);
	Dwarf_Unsigned uval;
	Dwarf_Die dim;

	debug(3, "die %ju <%jx>: creating array\n",
	    (uintmax_t)off, (uintmax_t)off);

	if ((dim = die_child(dw, arr)) == NULL ||
	    die_tag(dw, dim) != DW_TAG_subrange_type)
		terminate("die %ju: failed to retrieve array bounds\n",
		    (uintmax_t)off);

	if (arrtdp->t_type == 0) {
		/*
		 * Add the die that contains the type of the array elements
		 * to the the ones we process; XXX: no public API for that?
		 */
		extern Dwarf_Die _dwarf_die_find(Dwarf_Die, Dwarf_Unsigned);
		Dwarf_Die elem = _dwarf_die_find(arr, arrtdp->t_id);
		if (elem != NULL)
		    die_create_one(dw, elem);
	}

	tdesc_array_create(dw, dim, arrtdp, tdp);

	if (die_unsigned(dw, arr, DW_AT_byte_size, &uval, 0)) {
		tdesc_t *dimtdp;
		int flags;

		/* Check for bogus gcc DW_AT_byte_size attribute */
		if (uval == (unsigned)-1) {
			printf("dwarf.c:%s() working around bogus -1 DW_AT_byte_size\n",
			    __func__);
			uval = 0;
		}

		tdp->t_size = uval;

		/*
		 * Ensure that sub-dimensions have sizes too before marking
		 * as resolved.
		 */
		flags = TDESC_F_RESOLVED;
		for (dimtdp = tdp->t_ardef->ad_contents;
		    dimtdp->t_type == ARRAY;
		    dimtdp = dimtdp->t_ardef->ad_contents) {
			if (!(dimtdp->t_flags & TDESC_F_RESOLVED)) {
				flags = 0;
				break;
			}
		}

		tdp->t_flags |= flags;
	}

	debug(3, "die %ju <%jx>: array nelems %u size %u\n", (uintmax_t)off,
	    (uintmax_t)off, tdp->t_ardef->ad_nelems, tdp->t_size);
}

/*ARGSUSED1*/
static int
die_array_resolve(tdesc_t *tdp, tdesc_t **tdpp __unused, void *private)
{
	dwarf_t *dw = private;
	size_t sz;

	if (tdp->t_flags & TDESC_F_RESOLVED)
		return (1);

	debug(3, "trying to resolve array %#x (cont %#x/%d)\n", tdp->t_id,
	    tdp->t_ardef->ad_contents->t_id,
	    tdp->t_ardef->ad_contents->t_size);

	if ((sz = tdesc_size(tdp->t_ardef->ad_contents)) == 0 &&
	    (tdp->t_ardef->ad_contents->t_flags & TDESC_F_RESOLVED) == 0) {
		debug(3, "unable to resolve array %s (%#x) contents %#x\n",
		    tdesc_name(tdp), tdp->t_id,
		    tdp->t_ardef->ad_contents->t_id);

		dw->dw_nunres++;
		return (1);
	}

	tdp->t_size = sz * tdp->t_ardef->ad_nelems;
	tdp->t_flags |= TDESC_F_RESOLVED;

	debug(3, "resolved array %#x: %u bytes\n", tdp->t_id, tdp->t_size);

	return (1);
}

/*ARGSUSED1*/
static int
die_array_failed(tdesc_t *tdp, tdesc_t **tdpp __unused, void *private __unused)
{
	tdesc_t *cont = tdp->t_ardef->ad_contents;

	if (tdp->t_flags & TDESC_F_RESOLVED)
		return (1);

	fprintf(stderr, "Array %d: failed to size contents type %s (%d)\n",
	    tdp->t_id, tdesc_name(cont), cont->t_id);

	return (1);
}

/*
 * Most enums (those with members) will be resolved during this first pass.
 * Others - those without members (see the file comment) - won't be, and will
 * need to wait until the second pass when they can be matched with their full
 * definitions.
 */
static void
die_enum_create(dwarf_t *dw, Dwarf_Die die, Dwarf_Off off, tdesc_t *tdp)
{
	Dwarf_Die mem;
	Dwarf_Unsigned uval;
	Dwarf_Signed sval;

	debug(3, "die %ju: creating enum\n", (uintmax_t)off);

	tdp->t_type = (die_isdecl(dw, die) ? FORWARD : ENUM);
	if (tdp->t_type != ENUM)
		return;

	(void) die_unsigned(dw, die, DW_AT_byte_size, &uval, DW_ATTR_REQ);
	/* Check for bogus gcc DW_AT_byte_size attribute */
	if (uval == (unsigned)-1) {
		printf("dwarf.c:%s() working around bogus -1 DW_AT_byte_size\n",
		    __func__);
		uval = 0;
	}
	tdp->t_size = uval;

	if ((mem = die_child(dw, die)) != NULL) {
		elist_t **elastp = &tdp->t_emem;

		do {
			elist_t *el;

			if (die_tag(dw, mem) != DW_TAG_enumerator) {
				/* Nested type declaration */
				die_create_one(dw, mem);
				continue;
			}

			el = xcalloc(sizeof (elist_t));
			el->el_name = die_name(dw, mem);

			if (die_signed(dw, mem, DW_AT_const_value, &sval, 0)) {
				el->el_number = sval;
			} else if (die_unsigned(dw, mem, DW_AT_const_value,
			    &uval, 0)) {
				el->el_number = uval;
			} else {
				terminate("die %ju: enum %ju: member without "
				    "value\n", (uintmax_t)off,
				    (uintmax_t)die_off(dw, mem));
			}

			debug(3, "die %ju: enum %ju: created %s = %d\n",
			    (uintmax_t)off, (uintmax_t)die_off(dw, mem),
			    el->el_name, el->el_number);

			*elastp = el;
			elastp = &el->el_next;

		} while ((mem = die_sibling(dw, mem)) != NULL);

		hash_add(dw->dw_enumhash, tdp);

		tdp->t_flags |= TDESC_F_RESOLVED;

		if (tdp->t_name != NULL) {
			iidesc_t *ii = xcalloc(sizeof (iidesc_t));
			ii->ii_type = II_SOU;
			ii->ii_name = xstrdup(tdp->t_name);
			ii->ii_dtype = tdp;

			iidesc_add(dw->dw_td->td_iihash, ii);
		}
	}
}

static int
die_enum_match(void *arg1, void *arg2)
{
	tdesc_t *tdp = arg1, **fullp = arg2;

	if (tdp->t_emem != NULL) {
		*fullp = tdp;
		return (-1); /* stop the iteration */
	}

	return (0);
}

/*ARGSUSED1*/
static int
die_enum_resolve(tdesc_t *tdp, tdesc_t **tdpp __unused, void *private)
{
	dwarf_t *dw = private;
	tdesc_t *full = NULL;

	if (tdp->t_flags & TDESC_F_RESOLVED)
		return (1);

	(void) hash_find_iter(dw->dw_enumhash, tdp, die_enum_match, &full);

	/*
	 * The answer to this one won't change from iteration to iteration,
	 * so don't even try.
	 */
	if (full == NULL) {
		terminate("tdp %u: enum %s has no members\n", tdp->t_id,
		    tdesc_name(tdp));
	}

	debug(3, "tdp %u: enum %s redirected to %u\n", tdp->t_id,
	    tdesc_name(tdp), full->t_id);

	tdp->t_flags |= TDESC_F_RESOLVED;

	return (1);
}

static int
die_fwd_map(void *arg1, void *arg2)
{
	tdesc_t *fwd = arg1, *sou = arg2;

	debug(3, "tdp %u: mapped forward %s to sou %u\n", fwd->t_id,
	    tdesc_name(fwd), sou->t_id);
	fwd->t_tdesc = sou;

	return (0);
}

/*
 * Structures and unions will never be resolved during the first pass, as we
 * won't be able to fully determine the member sizes.  The second pass, which
 * have access to sizing information, will be able to complete the resolution.
 */
static void
die_sou_create(dwarf_t *dw, Dwarf_Die str, Dwarf_Off off, tdesc_t *tdp,
    int type, const char *typename)
{
	Dwarf_Unsigned sz, bitsz, bitoff, maxsz=0;
#if BYTE_ORDER == LITTLE_ENDIAN
	Dwarf_Unsigned bysz;
#endif
	Dwarf_Die mem;
	mlist_t *ml, **mlastp;
	iidesc_t *ii;

	tdp->t_type = (die_isdecl(dw, str) ? FORWARD : type);

	debug(3, "die %ju: creating %s %s <%d>\n", (uintmax_t)off,
	    (tdp->t_type == FORWARD ? "forward decl" : typename),
	    tdesc_name(tdp), tdp->t_id);

	if (tdp->t_type == FORWARD) {
		hash_add(dw->dw_fwdhash, tdp);
		return;
	}

	(void) hash_find_iter(dw->dw_fwdhash, tdp, die_fwd_map, tdp);

	(void) die_unsigned(dw, str, DW_AT_byte_size, &sz, DW_ATTR_REQ);
	tdp->t_size = sz;

	/*
	 * GCC allows empty SOUs as an extension.
	 */
	if ((mem = die_child(dw, str)) == NULL) {
		goto out;
	}

	mlastp = &tdp->t_members;

	do {
		Dwarf_Off memoff = die_off(dw, mem);
		Dwarf_Half tag = die_tag(dw, mem);
		Dwarf_Unsigned mloff;

		if (tag != DW_TAG_member) {
			/* Nested type declaration */
			die_create_one(dw, mem);
			continue;
		}

		debug(3, "die %ju: mem %ju: creating member\n",
		    (uintmax_t)off, (uintmax_t)memoff);

		ml = xcalloc(sizeof (mlist_t));

		/*
		 * This could be a GCC anon struct/union member, so we'll allow
		 * an empty name, even though nothing can really handle them
		 * properly.  Note that some versions of GCC miss out debug
		 * info for anon structs, though recent versions are fixed (gcc
		 * bug 11816).
		 */
		if ((ml->ml_name = die_name(dw, mem)) == NULL)
			ml->ml_name = NULL;

		ml->ml_type = die_lookup_pass1(dw, mem, DW_AT_type);
		debug(3, "die_sou_create(): ml_type = %p t_id = %#x\n",
		    ml->ml_type, ml->ml_type->t_id);

		if (die_mem_offset(dw, mem, DW_AT_data_member_location,
		    &mloff, 0)) {
			debug(3, "die %ju: got mloff 0x%jx\n", (uintmax_t)off,
			    (uintmax_t)mloff);
			ml->ml_offset = mloff * 8;
		}

		if (die_unsigned(dw, mem, DW_AT_bit_size, &bitsz, 0))
			ml->ml_size = bitsz;
		else
			ml->ml_size = tdesc_bitsize(ml->ml_type);

		if (die_unsigned(dw, mem, DW_AT_bit_offset, &bitoff, 0)) {
#if BYTE_ORDER == BIG_ENDIAN
			ml->ml_offset += bitoff;
#else
			/*
			 * Note that Clang 3.4 will sometimes generate
			 * member DIE before generating the DIE for the
			 * member's type. The code can not handle this
			 * properly so that tdesc_bitsize(ml->ml_type) will
			 * return 0 because ml->ml_type is unknown. As a
			 * result, a wrong member offset will be calculated.
			 * To workaround this, we can instead try to
			 * retrieve the value of DW_AT_byte_size attribute
			 * which stores the byte size of the space occupied
			 * by the type. If this attribute exists, its value
			 * should equal to tdesc_bitsize(ml->ml_type)/NBBY.
			 */
			if (die_unsigned(dw, mem, DW_AT_byte_size, &bysz, 0) &&
			    bysz > 0)
				ml->ml_offset += bysz * NBBY - bitoff -
				    ml->ml_size;
			else
				ml->ml_offset += tdesc_bitsize(ml->ml_type) -
				    bitoff - ml->ml_size;
#endif
		}

		debug(3, "die %ju: mem %ju: created \"%s\" (off %u sz %u)\n",
		    (uintmax_t)off, (uintmax_t)memoff, ml->ml_name,
		    ml->ml_offset, ml->ml_size);

		*mlastp = ml;
		mlastp = &ml->ml_next;

		/* Find the size of the largest member to work around a gcc
		 * bug.  See GCC Bugzilla 35998.
		 */
		if (maxsz < ml->ml_size)
			maxsz = ml->ml_size;

	} while ((mem = die_sibling(dw, mem)) != NULL);

	/* See if we got a bogus DW_AT_byte_size.  GCC will sometimes
	 * emit this.
	 */
	if (sz == (unsigned)-1) {
		 printf("dwarf.c:%s() working around bogus -1 DW_AT_byte_size\n",
		     __func__);
		 tdp->t_size = maxsz / 8;  /* maxsz is in bits, t_size is bytes */
	}

	/*
	 * GCC will attempt to eliminate unused types, thus decreasing the
	 * size of the emitted dwarf.  That is, if you declare a foo_t in your
	 * header, include said header in your source file, and neglect to
	 * actually use (directly or indirectly) the foo_t in the source file,
	 * the foo_t won't make it into the emitted DWARF.  So, at least, goes
	 * the theory.
	 *
	 * Occasionally, it'll emit the DW_TAG_structure_type for the foo_t,
	 * and then neglect to emit the members.  Strangely, the loner struct
	 * tag will always be followed by a proper nested declaration of
	 * something else.  This is clearly a bug, but we're not going to have
	 * time to get it fixed before this goo goes back, so we'll have to work
	 * around it.  If we see a no-membered struct with a nested declaration
	 * (i.e. die_child of the struct tag won't be null), we'll ignore it.
	 * Being paranoid, we won't simply remove it from the hash.  Instead,
	 * we'll decline to create an iidesc for it, thus ensuring that this
	 * type won't make it into the output file.  To be safe, we'll also
	 * change the name.
	 */
	if (tdp->t_members == NULL) {
		const char *old = tdesc_name(tdp);
		size_t newsz = 7 + strlen(old) + 1;
		char *new = xmalloc(newsz);
		(void) snprintf(new, newsz, "orphan %s", old);

		debug(3, "die %ju: worked around %s %s\n", (uintmax_t)off,
		    typename, old);

		if (tdp->t_name != NULL)
			free(tdp->t_name);
		tdp->t_name = new;
		return;
	}

out:
	if (tdp->t_name != NULL) {
		ii = xcalloc(sizeof (iidesc_t));
		ii->ii_type = II_SOU;
		ii->ii_name = xstrdup(tdp->t_name);
		ii->ii_dtype = tdp;

		iidesc_add(dw->dw_td->td_iihash, ii);
	}
}

static void
die_struct_create(dwarf_t *dw, Dwarf_Die die, Dwarf_Off off, tdesc_t *tdp)
{
	die_sou_create(dw, die, off, tdp, STRUCT, "struct");
}

static void
die_union_create(dwarf_t *dw, Dwarf_Die die, Dwarf_Off off, tdesc_t *tdp)
{
	die_sou_create(dw, die, off, tdp, UNION, "union");
}

/*ARGSUSED1*/
static int
die_sou_resolve(tdesc_t *tdp, tdesc_t **tdpp __unused, void *private)
{
	dwarf_t *dw = private;
	mlist_t *ml;
	tdesc_t *mt;

	if (tdp->t_flags & TDESC_F_RESOLVED)
		return (1);

	debug(3, "resolving sou %s\n", tdesc_name(tdp));

	for (ml = tdp->t_members; ml != NULL; ml = ml->ml_next) {
		if (ml->ml_size == 0) {
			mt = tdesc_basetype(ml->ml_type);

			if (mt == NULL)
				continue;

			if ((ml->ml_size = tdesc_bitsize(mt)) != 0)
				continue;

			/*
			 * For empty members, or GCC/C99 flexible array
			 * members, a size of 0 is correct. Structs and unions
			 * consisting of flexible array members will also have
			 * size 0.
			 */
			if (mt->t_members == NULL)
				continue;
			if (mt->t_type == ARRAY && mt->t_ardef->ad_nelems == 0)
				continue;
			if ((mt->t_flags & TDESC_F_RESOLVED) != 0 &&
			    (mt->t_type == STRUCT || mt->t_type == UNION))
				continue;

			if (mt->t_type == STRUCT &&
				mt->t_members != NULL &&
				mt->t_members->ml_type->t_type == ARRAY &&
				mt->t_members->ml_type->t_ardef->ad_nelems == 0) {
			    /* struct with zero sized array */
			    continue;
			}

			/*
			 * anonymous union members are OK.
			 * XXX: we should consistently use NULL, instead of ""
			 */
			if (mt->t_type == UNION &&
			    (mt->t_name == NULL || mt->t_name[0] == '\0'))
			    continue;

			printf("%s unresolved type = %d (%s)\n", tdesc_name(tdp),
				mt->t_type, tdesc_name(mt));
			dw->dw_nunres++;
			return (1);
		}

		if ((mt = tdesc_basetype(ml->ml_type)) == NULL) {
			dw->dw_nunres++;
			return (1);
		}

		if (ml->ml_size != 0 && mt->t_type == INTRINSIC &&
		    mt->t_intr->intr_nbits != (int)ml->ml_size) {
			/*
			 * This member is a bitfield, and needs to reference
			 * an intrinsic type with the same width.  If the
			 * currently-referenced type isn't of the same width,
			 * we'll copy it, adjusting the width of the copy to
			 * the size we'd like.
			 */
			debug(3, "tdp %u: creating bitfield for %d bits\n",
			    tdp->t_id, ml->ml_size);

			ml->ml_type = tdesc_intr_clone(dw, mt, ml->ml_size);
		}
	}

	tdp->t_flags |= TDESC_F_RESOLVED;

	return (1);
}

/*ARGSUSED1*/
static int
die_sou_failed(tdesc_t *tdp, tdesc_t **tdpp __unused, void *private __unused)
{
	const char *typename = (tdp->t_type == STRUCT ? "struct" : "union");
	mlist_t *ml;

	if (tdp->t_flags & TDESC_F_RESOLVED)
		return (1);

	for (ml = tdp->t_members; ml != NULL; ml = ml->ml_next) {
		if (ml->ml_size == 0) {
			fprintf(stderr, "%s %d <%x>: failed to size member \"%s\" "
			    "of type %s (%d <%x>)\n", typename, tdp->t_id,
			    tdp->t_id,
			    ml->ml_name, tdesc_name(ml->ml_type),
			    ml->ml_type->t_id, ml->ml_type->t_id);
		}
	}

	return (1);
}

static void
die_funcptr_create(dwarf_t *dw, Dwarf_Die die, Dwarf_Off off, tdesc_t *tdp)
{
	Dwarf_Attribute attr;
	Dwarf_Half tag;
	Dwarf_Die arg;
	fndef_t *fn;
	int i;

	debug(3, "die %ju <0x%jx>: creating function pointer\n",
	    (uintmax_t)off, (uintmax_t)off);

	/*
	 * We'll begin by processing any type definition nodes that may be
	 * lurking underneath this one.
	 */
	for (arg = die_child(dw, die); arg != NULL;
	    arg = die_sibling(dw, arg)) {
		if ((tag = die_tag(dw, arg)) != DW_TAG_formal_parameter &&
		    tag != DW_TAG_unspecified_parameters) {
			/* Nested type declaration */
			die_create_one(dw, arg);
		}
	}

	if (die_isdecl(dw, die)) {
		/*
		 * This is a prototype.  We don't add prototypes to the
		 * tree, so we're going to drop the tdesc.  Unfortunately,
		 * it has already been added to the tree.  Nobody will reference
		 * it, though, and it will be leaked.
		 */
		return;
	}

	fn = xcalloc(sizeof (fndef_t));

	tdp->t_type = FUNCTION;

	if ((attr = die_attr(dw, die, DW_AT_type, 0)) != NULL) {
		fn->fn_ret = die_lookup_pass1(dw, die, DW_AT_type);
	} else {
		fn->fn_ret = tdesc_intr_void(dw);
	}

	/*
	 * Count the arguments to the function, then read them in.
	 */
	for (fn->fn_nargs = 0, arg = die_child(dw, die); arg != NULL;
	    arg = die_sibling(dw, arg)) {
		if ((tag = die_tag(dw, arg)) == DW_TAG_formal_parameter)
			fn->fn_nargs++;
		else if (tag == DW_TAG_unspecified_parameters &&
		    fn->fn_nargs > 0)
			fn->fn_vargs = 1;
	}

	if (fn->fn_nargs != 0) {
		debug(3, "die %ju: adding %d argument%s\n", (uintmax_t)off,
		    fn->fn_nargs, (fn->fn_nargs > 1 ? "s" : ""));

		fn->fn_args = xcalloc(sizeof (tdesc_t *) * fn->fn_nargs);
		for (i = 0, arg = die_child(dw, die);
		    arg != NULL && i < (int) fn->fn_nargs;
		    arg = die_sibling(dw, arg)) {
			if (die_tag(dw, arg) != DW_TAG_formal_parameter)
				continue;

			fn->fn_args[i++] = die_lookup_pass1(dw, arg,
			    DW_AT_type);
		}
	}

	tdp->t_fndef = fn;
	tdp->t_flags |= TDESC_F_RESOLVED;
}

/*
 * GCC and DevPro use different names for the base types.  While the terms are
 * the same, they are arranged in a different order.  Some terms, such as int,
 * are implied in one, and explicitly named in the other.  Given a base type
 * as input, this routine will return a common name, along with an intr_t
 * that reflects said name.
 */
static intr_t *
die_base_name_parse(const char *name, char **newp)
{
	char buf[1024];
	char const *base;
	char *c;
	int nlong = 0, nshort = 0, nchar = 0, nint = 0;
	int sign = 1;
	char fmt = '\0';
	intr_t *intr;

	if (strlen(name) > sizeof (buf) - 1)
		terminate("base type name \"%s\" is too long\n", name);

	strncpy(buf, name, sizeof (buf));

	for (c = strtok(buf, " "); c != NULL; c = strtok(NULL, " ")) {
		if (strcmp(c, "signed") == 0)
			sign = 1;
		else if (strcmp(c, "unsigned") == 0)
			sign = 0;
		else if (strcmp(c, "long") == 0)
			nlong++;
		else if (strcmp(c, "char") == 0) {
			nchar++;
			fmt = 'c';
		} else if (strcmp(c, "short") == 0)
			nshort++;
		else if (strcmp(c, "int") == 0)
			nint++;
		else {
			/*
			 * If we don't recognize any of the tokens, we'll tell
			 * the caller to fall back to the dwarf-provided
			 * encoding information.
			 */
			return (NULL);
		}
	}

	if (nchar > 1 || nshort > 1 || nint > 1 || nlong > 2)
		return (NULL);

	if (nchar > 0) {
		if (nlong > 0 || nshort > 0 || nint > 0)
			return (NULL);

		base = "char";

	} else if (nshort > 0) {
		if (nlong > 0)
			return (NULL);

		base = "short";

	} else if (nlong > 0) {
		base = "long";

	} else {
		base = "int";
	}

	intr = xcalloc(sizeof (intr_t));
	intr->intr_type = INTR_INT;
	intr->intr_signed = sign;
	intr->intr_iformat = fmt;

	snprintf(buf, sizeof (buf), "%s%s%s",
	    (sign ? "" : "unsigned "),
	    (nlong > 1 ? "long " : ""),
	    base);

	*newp = xstrdup(buf);
	return (intr);
}

typedef struct fp_size_map {
	size_t fsm_typesz[2];	/* size of {32,64} type */
	uint_t fsm_enc[3];	/* CTF_FP_* for {bare,cplx,imagry} type */
} fp_size_map_t;

static const fp_size_map_t fp_encodings[] = {
	{ { 4, 4 }, { CTF_FP_SINGLE, CTF_FP_CPLX, CTF_FP_IMAGRY } },
	{ { 8, 8 }, { CTF_FP_DOUBLE, CTF_FP_DCPLX, CTF_FP_DIMAGRY } },
#ifdef __sparc
	{ { 16, 16 }, { CTF_FP_LDOUBLE, CTF_FP_LDCPLX, CTF_FP_LDIMAGRY } },
#else
	{ { 12, 16 }, { CTF_FP_LDOUBLE, CTF_FP_LDCPLX, CTF_FP_LDIMAGRY } },
#endif
	{ { 0, 0 }, { 0, 0, 0 } }
};

static uint_t
die_base_type2enc(dwarf_t *dw, Dwarf_Off off, Dwarf_Signed enc, size_t sz)
{
	const fp_size_map_t *map = fp_encodings;
	uint_t szidx = dw->dw_ptrsz == sizeof (uint64_t);
	uint_t mult = 1, col = 0;

	if (enc == DW_ATE_complex_float) {
		mult = 2;
		col = 1;
	} else if (enc == DW_ATE_imaginary_float
#if defined(sun)
	    || enc == DW_ATE_SUN_imaginary_float
#endif
	    )
		col = 2;

	while (map->fsm_typesz[szidx] != 0) {
		if (map->fsm_typesz[szidx] * mult == sz)
			return (map->fsm_enc[col]);
		map++;
	}

	terminate("die %ju: unrecognized real type size %ju\n",
	    (uintmax_t)off, (uintmax_t)sz);
	/*NOTREACHED*/
	return (0);
}

static intr_t *
die_base_from_dwarf(dwarf_t *dw, Dwarf_Die base, Dwarf_Off off, size_t sz)
{
	intr_t *intr = xcalloc(sizeof (intr_t));
	Dwarf_Signed enc;

	(void) die_signed(dw, base, DW_AT_encoding, &enc, DW_ATTR_REQ);

	switch (enc) {
	case DW_ATE_unsigned:
	case DW_ATE_address:
		intr->intr_type = INTR_INT;
		break;
	case DW_ATE_unsigned_char:
		intr->intr_type = INTR_INT;
		intr->intr_iformat = 'c';
		break;
	case DW_ATE_signed:
		intr->intr_type = INTR_INT;
		intr->intr_signed = 1;
		break;
	case DW_ATE_signed_char:
		intr->intr_type = INTR_INT;
		intr->intr_signed = 1;
		intr->intr_iformat = 'c';
		break;
	case DW_ATE_boolean:
		intr->intr_type = INTR_INT;
		intr->intr_signed = 1;
		intr->intr_iformat = 'b';
		break;
	case DW_ATE_float:
	case DW_ATE_complex_float:
	case DW_ATE_imaginary_float:
#if defined(sun)
	case DW_ATE_SUN_imaginary_float:
	case DW_ATE_SUN_interval_float:
#endif
		intr->intr_type = INTR_REAL;
		intr->intr_signed = 1;
		intr->intr_fformat = die_base_type2enc(dw, off, enc, sz);
		break;
	default:
		terminate("die %ju: unknown base type encoding 0x%jx\n",
		    (uintmax_t)off, (uintmax_t)enc);
	}

	return (intr);
}

static void
die_base_create(dwarf_t *dw, Dwarf_Die base, Dwarf_Off off, tdesc_t *tdp)
{
	Dwarf_Unsigned sz;
	intr_t *intr;
	char *new;

	debug(3, "die %ju: creating base type\n", (uintmax_t)off);

	/*
	 * The compilers have their own clever (internally inconsistent) ideas
	 * as to what base types should look like.  Some times gcc will, for
	 * example, use DW_ATE_signed_char for char.  Other times, however, it
	 * will use DW_ATE_signed.  Needless to say, this causes some problems
	 * down the road, particularly with merging.  We do, however, use the
	 * DWARF idea of type sizes, as this allows us to avoid caring about
	 * the data model.
	 */
	(void) die_unsigned(dw, base, DW_AT_byte_size, &sz, DW_ATTR_REQ);

	/* Check for bogus gcc DW_AT_byte_size attribute */
	if (sz == (unsigned)-1) {
		printf("dwarf.c:%s() working around bogus -1 DW_AT_byte_size\n",
		    __func__);
		sz = 0;
	}

	if (tdp->t_name == NULL)
		terminate("die %ju: base type without name\n", (uintmax_t)off);

	/* XXX make a name parser for float too */
	if ((intr = die_base_name_parse(tdp->t_name, &new)) != NULL) {
		/* Found it.  We'll use the parsed version */
		debug(3, "die %ju: name \"%s\" remapped to \"%s\"\n",
		    (uintmax_t)off, tdesc_name(tdp), new);

		free(tdp->t_name);
		tdp->t_name = new;
	} else {
		/*
		 * We didn't recognize the type, so we'll create an intr_t
		 * based on the DWARF data.
		 */
		debug(3, "die %ju: using dwarf data for base \"%s\"\n",
		    (uintmax_t)off, tdesc_name(tdp));

		intr = die_base_from_dwarf(dw, base, off, sz);
	}

	intr->intr_nbits = sz * 8;

	tdp->t_type = INTRINSIC;
	tdp->t_intr = intr;
	tdp->t_size = sz;

	tdp->t_flags |= TDESC_F_RESOLVED;
}

static void
die_through_create(dwarf_t *dw, Dwarf_Die die, Dwarf_Off off, tdesc_t *tdp,
    int type, const char *typename)
{
	Dwarf_Attribute attr;

	debug(3, "die %ju <0x%jx>: creating %s type %d\n", (uintmax_t)off,
	    (uintmax_t)off, typename, type);

	tdp->t_type = type;

	if ((attr = die_attr(dw, die, DW_AT_type, 0)) != NULL) {
		tdp->t_tdesc = die_lookup_pass1(dw, die, DW_AT_type);
	} else {
		tdp->t_tdesc = tdesc_intr_void(dw);
	}

	if (type == POINTER || type == REFERENCE)
		tdp->t_size = dw->dw_ptrsz;

	tdp->t_flags |= TDESC_F_RESOLVED;

	if (type == TYPEDEF) {
		iidesc_t *ii = xcalloc(sizeof (iidesc_t));
		ii->ii_type = II_TYPE;
		ii->ii_name = xstrdup(tdp->t_name);
		ii->ii_dtype = tdp;

		iidesc_add(dw->dw_td->td_iihash, ii);
	}
}

static void
die_typedef_create(dwarf_t *dw, Dwarf_Die die, Dwarf_Off off, tdesc_t *tdp)
{
	die_through_create(dw, die, off, tdp, TYPEDEF, "typedef");
}

static void
die_const_create(dwarf_t *dw, Dwarf_Die die, Dwarf_Off off, tdesc_t *tdp)
{
	die_through_create(dw, die, off, tdp, CONST, "const");
}

static void
die_pointer_create(dwarf_t *dw, Dwarf_Die die, Dwarf_Off off, tdesc_t *tdp)
{
	die_through_create(dw, die, off, tdp, POINTER, "pointer");
}

static void
die_reference_create(dwarf_t *dw, Dwarf_Die die, Dwarf_Off off, tdesc_t *tdp)
{
	die_through_create(dw, die, off, tdp, REFERENCE, "reference");
}

static void
die_restrict_create(dwarf_t *dw, Dwarf_Die die, Dwarf_Off off, tdesc_t *tdp)
{
	die_through_create(dw, die, off, tdp, RESTRICT, "restrict");
}

static void
die_volatile_create(dwarf_t *dw, Dwarf_Die die, Dwarf_Off off, tdesc_t *tdp)
{
	die_through_create(dw, die, off, tdp, VOLATILE, "volatile");
}

/*ARGSUSED3*/
static void
die_function_create(dwarf_t *dw, Dwarf_Die die, Dwarf_Off off, tdesc_t *tdp __unused)
{
	Dwarf_Die arg;
	Dwarf_Half tag;
	iidesc_t *ii;
	char *name;

	debug(3, "die %ju <0x%jx>: creating function definition\n",
	    (uintmax_t)off, (uintmax_t)off);

	/*
	 * We'll begin by processing any type definition nodes that may be
	 * lurking underneath this one.
	 */
	for (arg = die_child(dw, die); arg != NULL;
	    arg = die_sibling(dw, arg)) {
		if ((tag = die_tag(dw, arg)) != DW_TAG_formal_parameter &&
		    tag != DW_TAG_variable) {
			/* Nested type declaration */
			die_create_one(dw, arg);
		}
	}

	if (die_isdecl(dw, die) || (name = die_name(dw, die)) == NULL) {
		/*
		 * We process neither prototypes nor subprograms without
		 * names.
		 */
		return;
	}

	ii = xcalloc(sizeof (iidesc_t));
	ii->ii_type = die_isglobal(dw, die) ? II_GFUN : II_SFUN;
	ii->ii_name = name;
	if (ii->ii_type == II_SFUN)
		ii->ii_owner = xstrdup(dw->dw_cuname);

	debug(3, "die %ju: function %s is %s\n", (uintmax_t)off, ii->ii_name,
	    (ii->ii_type == II_GFUN ? "global" : "static"));

	if (die_attr(dw, die, DW_AT_type, 0) != NULL)
		ii->ii_dtype = die_lookup_pass1(dw, die, DW_AT_type);
	else
		ii->ii_dtype = tdesc_intr_void(dw);

	for (arg = die_child(dw, die); arg != NULL;
	    arg = die_sibling(dw, arg)) {
		char *name1;

		debug(3, "die %ju: looking at sub member at %ju\n",
		    (uintmax_t)off, (uintmax_t)die_off(dw, die));

		if (die_tag(dw, arg) != DW_TAG_formal_parameter)
			continue;

		if ((name1 = die_name(dw, arg)) == NULL) {
			terminate("die %ju: func arg %d has no name\n",
			    (uintmax_t)off, ii->ii_nargs + 1);
		}

		if (strcmp(name1, "...") == 0) {
			free(name1);
			ii->ii_vargs = 1;
			continue;
		}

		ii->ii_nargs++;
	}

	if (ii->ii_nargs > 0) {
		int i;

		debug(3, "die %ju: function has %d argument%s\n",
		    (uintmax_t)off, ii->ii_nargs, ii->ii_nargs == 1 ? "" : "s");

		ii->ii_args = xcalloc(sizeof (tdesc_t) * ii->ii_nargs);

		for (arg = die_child(dw, die), i = 0;
		    arg != NULL && i < ii->ii_nargs;
		    arg = die_sibling(dw, arg)) {
			if (die_tag(dw, arg) != DW_TAG_formal_parameter)
				continue;

			ii->ii_args[i++] = die_lookup_pass1(dw, arg,
			    DW_AT_type);
		}
	}

	iidesc_add(dw->dw_td->td_iihash, ii);
}

/*ARGSUSED3*/
static void
die_variable_create(dwarf_t *dw, Dwarf_Die die, Dwarf_Off off, tdesc_t *tdp __unused)
{
	iidesc_t *ii;
	char *name;

	debug(3, "die %ju: creating object definition\n", (uintmax_t)off);

	if (die_isdecl(dw, die) || (name = die_name(dw, die)) == NULL)
		return; /* skip prototypes and nameless objects */

	ii = xcalloc(sizeof (iidesc_t));
	ii->ii_type = die_isglobal(dw, die) ? II_GVAR : II_SVAR;
	ii->ii_name = name;
	ii->ii_dtype = die_lookup_pass1(dw, die, DW_AT_type);
	if (ii->ii_type == II_SVAR)
		ii->ii_owner = xstrdup(dw->dw_cuname);

	iidesc_add(dw->dw_td->td_iihash, ii);
}

/*ARGSUSED2*/
static int
die_fwd_resolve(tdesc_t *fwd, tdesc_t **fwdp, void *private __unused)
{
	if (fwd->t_flags & TDESC_F_RESOLVED)
		return (1);

	if (fwd->t_tdesc != NULL) {
		debug(3, "tdp %u: unforwarded %s\n", fwd->t_id,
		    tdesc_name(fwd));
		*fwdp = fwd->t_tdesc;
	}

	fwd->t_flags |= TDESC_F_RESOLVED;

	return (1);
}

/*ARGSUSED*/
static void
die_lexblk_descend(dwarf_t *dw, Dwarf_Die die, Dwarf_Off off __unused, tdesc_t *tdp __unused)
{
	Dwarf_Die child = die_child(dw, die);

	if (child != NULL)
		die_create(dw, child);
}

/*
 * Used to map the die to a routine which can parse it, using the tag to do the
 * mapping.  While the processing of most tags entails the creation of a tdesc,
 * there are a few which don't - primarily those which result in the creation of
 * iidescs which refer to existing tdescs.
 */

#define	DW_F_NOTDP	0x1	/* Don't create a tdesc for the creator */

typedef struct die_creator {
	Dwarf_Half dc_tag;
	uint16_t dc_flags;
	void (*dc_create)(dwarf_t *, Dwarf_Die, Dwarf_Off, tdesc_t *);
} die_creator_t;

static const die_creator_t die_creators[] = {
	{ DW_TAG_array_type,		0,		die_array_create },
	{ DW_TAG_enumeration_type,	0,		die_enum_create },
	{ DW_TAG_lexical_block,		DW_F_NOTDP,	die_lexblk_descend },
	{ DW_TAG_pointer_type,		0,		die_pointer_create },
	{ DW_TAG_reference_type,	0,		die_reference_create },
	{ DW_TAG_structure_type,	0,		die_struct_create },
	{ DW_TAG_subroutine_type,	0,		die_funcptr_create },
	{ DW_TAG_typedef,		0,		die_typedef_create },
	{ DW_TAG_union_type,		0,		die_union_create },
	{ DW_TAG_base_type,		0,		die_base_create },
	{ DW_TAG_const_type,		0,		die_const_create },
	{ DW_TAG_subprogram,		DW_F_NOTDP,	die_function_create },
	{ DW_TAG_variable,		DW_F_NOTDP,	die_variable_create },
	{ DW_TAG_volatile_type,		0,		die_volatile_create },
	{ DW_TAG_restrict_type,		0,		die_restrict_create },
	{ 0, 0, NULL }
};

static const die_creator_t *
die_tag2ctor(Dwarf_Half tag)
{
	const die_creator_t *dc;

	for (dc = die_creators; dc->dc_create != NULL; dc++) {
		if (dc->dc_tag == tag)
			return (dc);
	}

	return (NULL);
}

static void
die_create_one(dwarf_t *dw, Dwarf_Die die)
{
	Dwarf_Off off = die_off(dw, die);
	const die_creator_t *dc;
	Dwarf_Half tag;
	tdesc_t *tdp;

	debug(3, "die %ju <0x%jx>: create_one\n", (uintmax_t)off,
	    (uintmax_t)off);

	if (off > dw->dw_maxoff) {
		terminate("illegal die offset %ju (max %ju)\n", (uintmax_t)off,
		    dw->dw_maxoff);
	}

	tag = die_tag(dw, die);

	if ((dc = die_tag2ctor(tag)) == NULL) {
		debug(2, "die %ju: ignoring tag type %x\n", (uintmax_t)off,
		    tag);
		return;
	}

	if ((tdp = tdesc_lookup(dw, off)) == NULL &&
	    !(dc->dc_flags & DW_F_NOTDP)) {
		tdp = xcalloc(sizeof (tdesc_t));
		tdp->t_id = off;
		tdesc_add(dw, tdp);
	}

	if (tdp != NULL)
		tdp->t_name = die_name(dw, die);

	dc->dc_create(dw, die, off, tdp);
}

static void
die_create(dwarf_t *dw, Dwarf_Die die)
{
	do {
		die_create_one(dw, die);
	} while ((die = die_sibling(dw, die)) != NULL);
}

static tdtrav_cb_f die_resolvers[] = {
	NULL,
	NULL,			/* intrinsic */
	NULL,			/* pointer */
	NULL,			/* reference */
	die_array_resolve,	/* array */
	NULL,			/* function */
	die_sou_resolve,	/* struct */
	die_sou_resolve,	/* union */
	die_enum_resolve,	/* enum */
	die_fwd_resolve,	/* forward */
	NULL,			/* typedef */
	NULL,			/* typedef unres */
	NULL,			/* volatile */
	NULL,			/* const */
	NULL,			/* restrict */
};

static tdtrav_cb_f die_fail_reporters[] = {
	NULL,
	NULL,			/* intrinsic */
	NULL,			/* pointer */
	NULL,			/* reference */
	die_array_failed,	/* array */
	NULL,			/* function */
	die_sou_failed,		/* struct */
	die_sou_failed,		/* union */
	NULL,			/* enum */
	NULL,			/* forward */
	NULL,			/* typedef */
	NULL,			/* typedef unres */
	NULL,			/* volatile */
	NULL,			/* const */
	NULL,			/* restrict */
};

static void
die_resolve(dwarf_t *dw)
{
	int last = -1;
	int pass = 0;

	do {
		pass++;
		dw->dw_nunres = 0;

		(void) iitraverse_hash(dw->dw_td->td_iihash,
		    &dw->dw_td->td_curvgen, NULL, NULL, die_resolvers, dw);

		debug(3, "resolve: pass %d, %u left\n", pass, dw->dw_nunres);

		if ((int) dw->dw_nunres == last) {
			fprintf(stderr, "%s: failed to resolve the following "
			    "types:\n", progname);

			(void) iitraverse_hash(dw->dw_td->td_iihash,
			    &dw->dw_td->td_curvgen, NULL, NULL,
			    die_fail_reporters, dw);

			terminate("failed to resolve types\n");
		}

		last = dw->dw_nunres;

	} while (dw->dw_nunres != 0);
}

/*
 * Any object containing a function or object symbol at any scope should also
 * contain DWARF data.
 */
static boolean_t
should_have_dwarf(Elf *elf)
{
	Elf_Scn *scn = NULL;
	Elf_Data *data = NULL;
	GElf_Shdr shdr;
	GElf_Sym sym;
	uint32_t symdx = 0;
	size_t nsyms = 0;
	boolean_t found = B_FALSE;

	while ((scn = elf_nextscn(elf, scn)) != NULL) {
		gelf_getshdr(scn, &shdr);

		if (shdr.sh_type == SHT_SYMTAB) {
			found = B_TRUE;
			break;
		}
	}

	if (!found)
		terminate("cannot convert stripped objects\n");

	data = elf_getdata(scn, NULL);
	nsyms = shdr.sh_size / shdr.sh_entsize;

	for (symdx = 0; symdx < nsyms; symdx++) {
		gelf_getsym(data, symdx, &sym);

		if ((GELF_ST_TYPE(sym.st_info) == STT_FUNC) ||
		    (GELF_ST_TYPE(sym.st_info) == STT_TLS) ||
		    (GELF_ST_TYPE(sym.st_info) == STT_OBJECT)) {
			char *name;

			name = elf_strptr(elf, shdr.sh_link, sym.st_name);

			/* Studio emits these local symbols regardless */
			if ((strcmp(name, "Bbss.bss") != 0) &&
			    (strcmp(name, "Ttbss.bss") != 0) &&
			    (strcmp(name, "Ddata.data") != 0) &&
			    (strcmp(name, "Ttdata.data") != 0) &&
			    (strcmp(name, "Drodata.rodata") != 0))
				return (B_TRUE);
		}
	}

	return (B_FALSE);
}

/*ARGSUSED*/
int
dw_read(tdata_t *td, Elf *elf, char *filename __unused)
{
	Dwarf_Unsigned hdrlen, nxthdr;
	Dwarf_Off abboff;
	Dwarf_Half vers, addrsz, offsz;
	Dwarf_Die cu = 0;
	Dwarf_Die child = 0;
	dwarf_t dw;
	char *prod = NULL;
	int rc;

	bzero(&dw, sizeof (dwarf_t));
	dw.dw_td = td;
	dw.dw_ptrsz = elf_ptrsz(elf);
	dw.dw_mfgtid_last = TID_MFGTID_BASE;
	dw.dw_tidhash = hash_new(TDESC_HASH_BUCKETS, tdesc_idhash, tdesc_idcmp);
	dw.dw_fwdhash = hash_new(TDESC_HASH_BUCKETS, tdesc_namehash,
	    tdesc_namecmp);
	dw.dw_enumhash = hash_new(TDESC_HASH_BUCKETS, tdesc_namehash,
	    tdesc_namecmp);

	if ((rc = dwarf_elf_init(elf, DW_DLC_READ, NULL, NULL, &dw.dw_dw,
	    &dw.dw_err)) == DW_DLV_NO_ENTRY) {
		/* The new library does that */
		if (dwarf_errno(dw.dw_err) == DW_DLE_DEBUG_INFO_NULL) {
			/*
			 * There's no type data in the DWARF section, but
			 * libdwarf is too clever to handle that properly.
			 */
			return (0);
		}
		if (should_have_dwarf(elf)) {
			errno = ENOENT;
			return (-1);
		} else {

			return (0);
		}
	} else if (rc != DW_DLV_OK) {
		if (dwarf_errno(dw.dw_err) == DW_DLE_DEBUG_INFO_NULL) {
			/*
			 * There's no type data in the DWARF section, but
			 * libdwarf is too clever to handle that properly.
			 */
			return (0);
		}

		terminate("failed to initialize DWARF: %s\n",
		    dwarf_errmsg(dw.dw_err));
	}

	if ((rc = dwarf_next_cu_header_b(dw.dw_dw, &hdrlen, &vers, &abboff,
	    &addrsz, &offsz, NULL, &nxthdr, &dw.dw_err)) != DW_DLV_OK) {
		if (dwarf_errno(dw.dw_err) == DW_DLE_NO_ENTRY) {
			/*
			 * There's no DWARF section...
			 */
			return (0);
		}
		terminate("rc = %d %s\n", rc, dwarf_errmsg(dw.dw_err));
	}

	if ((cu = die_sibling(&dw, NULL)) == NULL)
		goto out;

	if ((child = die_child(&dw, cu)) == NULL) {
		Dwarf_Unsigned lang;
		if (die_unsigned(&dw, cu, DW_AT_language, &lang, 0)) {
			debug(1, "DWARF language: %ju\n", (uintmax_t)lang);
			/*
			 * Assembly languages are typically that.
			 * They have some dwarf info, but not what
			 * we expect. They have local symbols for
			 * example, but they are missing the child info.
			 */
			if (lang >= DW_LANG_lo_user)
				return 0;
		}
	    	if (should_have_dwarf(elf))
			goto out;
	}

	if (child == NULL)
		return (0);

	dw.dw_maxoff = nxthdr - 1;

	if (dw.dw_maxoff > TID_FILEMAX)
		terminate("file contains too many types\n");

	debug(1, "DWARF version: %d\n", vers);
	if (vers < 2 || vers > 4) {
		terminate("file contains incompatible version %d DWARF code "
		    "(version 2, 3 or 4 required)\n", vers);
	}

	if (die_string(&dw, cu, DW_AT_producer, &prod, 0)) {
		debug(1, "DWARF emitter: %s\n", prod);
		free(prod);
	}

	if ((dw.dw_cuname = die_name(&dw, cu)) != NULL) {
		char *base = xstrdup(basename(dw.dw_cuname));
		free(dw.dw_cuname);
		dw.dw_cuname = base;

		debug(1, "CU name: %s\n", dw.dw_cuname);
	}

	if ((child = die_child(&dw, cu)) != NULL)
		die_create(&dw, child);

	if ((rc = dwarf_next_cu_header_b(dw.dw_dw, &hdrlen, &vers, &abboff,
	    &addrsz, &offsz, NULL, &nxthdr, &dw.dw_err)) != DW_DLV_NO_ENTRY)
		terminate("multiple compilation units not supported\n");

	(void) dwarf_finish(dw.dw_dw, &dw.dw_err);

	die_resolve(&dw);

	cvt_fixups(td, dw.dw_ptrsz);

	/* leak the dwarf_t */

	return (0);
out:
	terminate("file does not contain dwarf type data "
	    "(try compiling with -g)\n");
	return -1;
}