refer.html revision 1.1
1 1.1 christos <!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 3.2 Final//EN"> 2 1.1 christos <html> 3 1.1 christos <head> 4 1.1 christos <meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html;charset=iso-8859-1"> 5 1.1 christos <title>Mom -- Bibliographies and References</title> 6 1.1 christos </head> 7 1.1 christos <body bgcolor="#dfdfdf"> 8 1.1 christos 9 1.1 christos <!====================================================================> 10 1.1 christos 11 1.1 christos <a href="letters.html#TOP">Next</a> 12 1.1 christos <a href="cover.html#TOP">Prev</a> 13 1.1 christos <a href="toc.html">Back to Table of Contents</a> 14 1.1 christos 15 1.1 christos <a name="TOP"></a> 16 1.1 christos <h1 align="center"> 17 1.1 christos <a name="REF_INTRO"><u>Bibliographies and references</u></a> 18 1.1 christos </h1> 19 1.1 christos <p> 20 1.1 christos <a href="#INTRO_REF">Introduction to bibliographies and references</a> 21 1.1 christos <br> 22 1.1 christos <a href="#TUTORIAL_REF">Tutorial</a> 23 1.1 christos <ul> 24 1.1 christos <li><a href="#DB_REF">Creating a refer database</a> 25 1.1 christos <li><a href="#RCOMMANDS_REF">Required "refer" commands</a> 26 1.1 christos <li><a href="#ACCESSING_REF">Accessing references</a> 27 1.1 christos <li><a href="#WHERE_REF">Telling mom where to put references</a> 28 1.1 christos <li><a href="#BIBLIO_REF">Creating bibliography pages</a> 29 1.1 christos <li><a href="#INVOKING_REF">Invoking groff with mom and refer</a> 30 1.1 christos </ul> 31 1.1 christos <br> 32 1.1 christos <a href="#MACROS_REF">Index of bibliography and reference macros</a> 33 1.1 christos <p> 34 1.1 christos 35 1.1 christos <a name="INTRO_REF"> 36 1.1 christos <h2><u>Introduction to bibliographies and references</u></h2> 37 1.1 christos </a> 38 1.1 christos 39 1.1 christos <strong>Mom</strong> provides the ability to automatically format 40 1.1 christos and generate bibliography pages, as well as footnote or endnote 41 1.1 christos bibliographic references, or references embedded in text. She 42 1.1 christos accomplishes this by working in conjunction with a special 43 1.1 christos <strong>groff</strong> program called "refer". 44 1.1 christos <p> 45 1.1 christos <strong>refer</strong> is a <strong>groff</strong> 46 1.1 christos "pre-processor", which is to say that it scans your files looking 47 1.1 christos for very specific commands (i.e. lines that begin with a period 48 1.1 christos [dot], just like macros and document element tags). If the 49 1.1 christos commands aren't there, <strong>refer</strong> can't do it's job, 50 1.1 christos and neither can <strong>mom</strong>. The scanning is done 51 1.1 christos <strong>before</strong> any actual <strong>mom</strong> processing 52 1.1 christos occurs. 53 1.1 christos <p> 54 1.1 christos <strong>refer</strong> is a program that's been around for a long 55 1.1 christos time. It's powerful and has many, many features. Unfortunately, 56 1.1 christos the manpage (<kbd>man refer</kbd>), while complete and accurate, is 57 1.1 christos dense and not a good introduction to <strong>refer</strong>. (It's 58 1.1 christos a classic manpage Catch-22: the information it contains is most 59 1.1 christos useful only after you already grasp it.) 60 1.1 christos <p> 61 1.1 christos In order to get <strong>mom</strong> users up and running with 62 1.1 christos <strong>refer</strong>, this section of <strong>mom</strong>'s 63 1.1 christos documentation focuses exclusively, in a recipe-like manner, on 64 1.1 christos what you need to know to use <strong>refer</strong> satisfactorily 65 1.1 christos in conjunction with <strong>mom</strong>. The information and 66 1.1 christos instructions are <strong><em><u>not</u></em></strong> to be taken as 67 1.1 christos a manual or tutorial on full <strong>refer</strong> usage. Much has 68 1.1 christos been left out, on purpose. 69 1.1 christos <p> 70 1.1 christos It is tempting to provide two levels of documentation, one for 71 1.1 christos users familiar with <strong>refer</strong> and one for newcomers 72 1.1 christos to <strong>groff</strong> and <strong>mom</strong>, but such an 73 1.1 christos approach may muddy the waters for newcomers. <strong>Mom</strong>'s 74 1.1 christos allegiance, first and foremost, is to newcomers. If you're already 75 1.1 christos a <strong>refer</strong> user, the information herein will be useful 76 1.1 christos for adapting your current <strong>refer</strong> usage to 77 1.1 christos <strong>mom</strong>'s way of doing things. If you've never used 78 1.1 christos <strong>refer</strong>, the information is essential, and, in many 79 1.1 christos cases, may be all you need. 80 1.1 christos <p> 81 1.1 christos (For the benefit of old groff-hands: <strong>refer</strong> 82 1.1 christos support in <strong>mom</strong> is heavily based on the 83 1.1 christos <strong>refer</strong> module of the ms macros. The choice 84 1.1 christos was deliberate so that those wishing to play around with 85 1.1 christos <strong>mom</strong>'s bibliography formatting style would be 86 1.1 christos tinkering with the familiar.) 87 1.1 christos <p> 88 1.1 christos <strong>refer</strong> requires first that you create a 89 1.1 christos bibliographic database. From the information contained in the 90 1.1 christos database, <strong>mom</strong> formats and generates bibliographies 91 1.1 christos and references in MLA (Modern Language Association) style. MLA 92 1.1 christos style is clean, contemporary and flexible, and is widely used in 93 1.1 christos the humanities, where the range of material that has to be 94 1.1 christos referenced can run from simple books to live interviews and film. 95 1.1 christos <p> 96 1.1 christos Once you have created your database, you instruct 97 1.1 christos <strong>refer</strong> (and <strong>mom</strong>) to access entries 98 1.1 christos in it by supplying keywords from the entries. Depending on what 99 1.1 christos you've instructed <strong>mom</strong> to do, she will put the 100 1.1 christos entries--fully and properly formatted with respect to order, punctuation 101 1.1 christos and italicization--in footnotes, endnotes, or a full bibliography. 102 1.1 christos <p> 103 1.1 christos I encourage anyone interested in what MLA style looks like--and, by 104 1.1 christos extension, how your bibliographies and references will look after 105 1.1 christos <strong>mom</strong> formats them--to check out 106 1.1 christos <p> 107 1.1 christos <pre> 108 1.1 christos http://www.aresearchguide.com/12biblio.html 109 1.1 christos </pre> 110 1.1 christos 111 1.1 christos or any other website or reference book on MLA style. 112 1.1 christos <p> 113 1.1 christos <strong>NOTE:</strong> MLA style requires that second and 114 1.1 christos subsequent lines of individual references be indented. <strong>Mom</strong> 115 1.1 christos takes care of this for you with a default indent, which 116 1.1 christos can be changed with the macro 117 1.1 christos <a href="#INDENT_REFS">INDENT_REFS</a>. 118 1.1 christos 119 1.1 christos 120 1.1 christos <a name="TUTORIAL_REF"><h2><u>Tutorial</u></h2></a> 121 1.1 christos 122 1.1 christos <ol> 123 1.1 christos <li><a href="#DB_REF">Creating a refer database</a> 124 1.1 christos <li><a href="#RCOMMANDS_REF">Required "refer" commands</a> 125 1.1 christos <li><a href="#ACCESSING_REF">Accessing references</a> 126 1.1 christos <li><a href="#WHERE_REF">Telling mom where to put references</a> 127 1.1 christos <li><a href="#BIBLIO_REF">Creating bibliography pages</a> 128 1.1 christos <li><a href="#INVOKING_REF">Invoking groff with mom and refer</a> 129 1.1 christos </ol> 130 1.1 christos <p> 131 1.1 christos 132 1.1 christos <a name="DB_REF"><h3><u>1. Creating a refer database</u></h3><a> 133 1.1 christos <p> 134 1.1 christos The first step in using <strong>refer</strong> with 135 1.1 christos <strong>mom</strong> is setting up your bibliographic database. 136 1.1 christos The database is a file containing separate entries for each 137 1.1 christos reference you want to access from your <strong>mom</strong> files. 138 1.1 christos The file is <em>not</em> a "mom" file; it is a separate database. 139 1.1 christos You may set up individual databases for individual documents, or 140 1.1 christos create a large database that contains all the references you'll 141 1.1 christos ever need. 142 1.1 christos <p> 143 1.1 christos Entries ("records") in the database file are separated from each 144 1.1 christos other by a single, blank line. The records themselves are composed 145 1.1 christos of single lines ("fields") with no blank lines between them. Each 146 1.1 christos field begins with a percent sign and a single letter (the "field 147 1.1 christos identifier") e.g. %A or %T. The letter identifies what part of a 148 1.1 christos bibliographic entry the field refers to: Author, Title, Publisher, 149 1.1 christos Date, etc. After the field identifier comes a single space, 150 1.1 christos followed by the information appropriate to field. No punctuation 151 1.1 christos should go at the ends of fields; <strong>mom</strong> adds what's 152 1.1 christos correct automatically. Do note, however, that author(s) (%A) 153 1.1 christos requires that you enter the author information exactly as you wish 154 1.1 christos it to come out (minus the period), including the comma after the 155 1.1 christos first author's last name. 156 1.1 christos <p> 157 1.1 christos Here's a sample database containing two records so you can 158 1.1 christos visualize what the above paragraph says: 159 1.1 christos <p> 160 1.1 christos <pre> 161 1.1 christos %A Schweitzer, Albert 162 1.1 christos %A C.M. Widor 163 1.1 christos %T J.S. Bach 164 1.1 christos %l Ernest Newman 165 1.1 christos %V Vol 2 166 1.1 christos %C London 167 1.1 christos %I Adam and Charles Black 168 1.1 christos %D 1923 169 1.1 christos %O 2 vols 170 1.1 christos %K bach vol 2 171 1.1 christos 172 1.1 christos %A Schaffter, Peter 173 1.1 christos %T The Schumann Proof 174 1.1 christos %C Toronto 175 1.1 christos %I RendezVous Press 176 1.1 christos %D 2004 177 1.1 christos %K schumann schaffter 178 1.1 christos </pre> 179 1.1 christos 180 1.1 christos The order in which you enter fields doesn't matter. 181 1.1 christos <strong>mom</strong> and <strong>refer</strong> will re-arrange 182 1.1 christos them in the correct order for you. 183 1.1 christos <p> 184 1.1 christos The meaning of the letters follows. There are, with 185 1.1 christos <strong>refer</strong>, quite a few--all uppercase--which have, over 186 1.1 christos time, come to be "standard". <strong>Mom</strong> respects these. 187 1.1 christos However, she adds to the list (mostly the lowercase letters). 188 1.1 christos <p> 189 1.1 christos <pre> 190 1.1 christos %A Author -- additional authors may be entered on separate %A 191 1.1 christos lines as in first entry of the sample, above; mom 192 1.1 christos and refer will figure out what to do with multiple 193 1.1 christos authors according to MLA rules 194 1.1 christos %T Title -- either the primary title (e.g. of a book), or the 195 1.1 christos title of an article (e.g. within a book or 196 1.1 christos journal or magazine) 197 1.1 christos %B Book title -- the title of a book when %T contains the title 198 1.1 christos of an article; otherwise, use %T for book 199 1.1 christos titles 200 1.1 christos %R Report number -- for technical reports 201 1.1 christos %J Journal name -- the name of a journal or magazine when %T 202 1.1 christos contains the title of an article 203 1.1 christos %E Editor -- additional editors may be entered on separate %E 204 1.1 christos lines (like authors); mom and refer will figure 205 1.1 christos out what to do with them according to MLA rules 206 1.1 christos %e Edition -- the number of name of a specific edition 207 1.1 christos (e.g. Second, 2nd, Collector's, etc.) 208 1.1 christos %V Volume -- volume number of a journal or series of books 209 1.1 christos %N Journal number -- journal or magazine number 210 1.1 christos %S Series -- series name for books or journals that are part of 211 1.1 christos a series 212 1.1 christos %C City -- the city of publication 213 1.1 christos %I Publisher -- the publisher; %I stands for "Issuer" 214 1.1 christos %D Publication date 215 1.1 christos %P Page number(s) -- enter page ranges as, e.g., 22-25 216 1.1 christos %G Gov't. 217 1.1 christos ordering number -- for government publications 218 1.1 christos %O Other -- additional information or comments you want 219 1.1 christos to appear at the end of the reference 220 1.1 christos %K Keywords -- any words that will clear up ambiguities 221 1.1 christos resulting from database entries that 222 1.1 christos contain, say, the same author or the 223 1.1 christos same title 224 1.1 christos %d original 225 1.1 christos publication date -- if different from the date 226 1.1 christos of publication 227 1.1 christos %a additions -- for books, any additions to the original work, 228 1.1 christos such as the preface to a new edition or a new 229 1.1 christos introduction 230 1.1 christos %t reprint title -- if different from a work's original title 231 1.1 christos %l translator -- if the translator is not the editor; if more 232 1.1 christos than one translator, this field should contain 233 1.1 christos all the names, with appropriate punctuation 234 1.1 christos %r translator 235 1.1 christos and editor -- if tr. and ed. are one in the same; 236 1.1 christos %s site name -- for web sites, the site name 237 1.1 christos %c content 238 1.1 christos of site -- for web sites, the content, if unclear 239 1.1 christos (i.e. advertisement, cartoon, blog) 240 1.1 christos %o organization -- for web sites, the organization, group or 241 1.1 christos sponsor of the site 242 1.1 christos %a access date -- for a website, the date you accessed it 243 1.1 christos %u URL -- for websites, the full URL of the site 244 1.1 christos </pre> 245 1.1 christos 246 1.1 christos <a name="REF_DISC_HY"></a> 247 1.1 christos <strong>Tip:</strong> If you have hyphenation turned on in your 248 1.1 christos document (you probably do), <strong>mom</strong> will hyphenate 249 1.1 christos your references. This can be a problem because references 250 1.1 christos typically contain several proper names. Proper names shouldn't be 251 1.1 christos hyphenated. The solution is to prepend to any proper name in the 252 1.1 christos database the <strong>groff</strong> 253 1.1 christos <a href="definitions.html#TERMS_DISCRETIONARYHYPHEN">discretionary hyphen</a> 254 1.1 christos character, <strong>\%</strong>, like this: 255 1.1 christos <p> 256 1.1 christos <pre> 257 1.1 christos %A Hill, \%Reginald 258 1.1 christos </pre> 259 1.1 christos 260 1.1 christos Alternatively, you can turn hyphenation off entirely in 261 1.1 christos references with the macro, 262 1.1 christos <a href="#HYPHENATE_REFS">HYPHENATE_REFS</a> <kbd>OFF</kbd>. 263 1.1 christos <p> 264 1.1 christos 265 1.1 christos <a name="RCOMMANDS_REF"><h3><u>2. Required "refer" commands</u></h3><a> 266 1.1 christos <p> 267 1.1 christos Having set up your database, you now need to put some 268 1.1 christos <strong>refer</strong>-specific commands at the top of your 269 1.1 christos <strong>mom</strong> file. You cannot skip this step, nor can you 270 1.1 christos "source" these commands with the <strong>groff</strong> 271 1.1 christos <a href="definitions.html#TERMS_PRIMITIVES">primitive</a>, 272 1.1 christos <strong>.so</strong>. They <strong><em>must</em></strong> 273 1.1 christos appear, exactly as shown, in every file requiring bibliographic 274 1.1 christos references. 275 1.1 christos <p> 276 1.1 christos <strong>refer</strong> commands are introduced with a single 277 1.1 christos line containing <kbd>.R1</kbd>, and concluded with a single line 278 1.1 christos containing <kbd>.R2</kbd>. What you put between the <kbd>.R1</kbd> 279 1.1 christos and <kbd>.R2</kbd> lines are the commands themselves. The commands 280 1.1 christos should be entered one per line, in lowercase letters, <em><u>with 281 1.1 christos no initial period (dot)</u></em>. 282 1.1 christos <p> 283 1.1 christos Here's an example: 284 1.1 christos <p> 285 1.1 christos <pre> 286 1.1 christos .R1 287 1.1 christos no-label-in-text 288 1.1 christos no-label-in-reference 289 1.1 christos .R2 290 1.1 christos </pre> 291 1.1 christos 292 1.1 christos There are an awful lot of <strong>refer</strong> commands. We will 293 1.1 christos focus only on those required to get <strong>mom</strong> cooperating 294 1.1 christos with <strong>refer</strong>. If you're interested, study the 295 1.1 christos <strong>refer</strong> manpage to discover what other commands are 296 1.1 christos available and how to manipulate them. 297 1.1 christos <p> 298 1.1 christos At a minimum, all <strong>mom</strong> files accessing 299 1.1 christos a bibliographic database must contain the following 300 1.1 christos <strong>refer</strong> commands, exactly as shown: 301 1.1 christos <p> 302 1.1 christos <a name="REFER_BLOCK1"></a> 303 1.1 christos <pre> 304 1.1 christos .R1 305 1.1 christos no-label-in-text 306 1.1 christos no-label-in-reference 307 1.1 christos join-authors ", and " ", " ", and " 308 1.1 christos database <full path to the database> 309 1.1 christos .R2 310 1.1 christos </pre> 311 1.1 christos 312 1.1 christos The first two commands tell <strong>refer</strong> to let 313 1.1 christos <strong>mom</strong> handle everything associated with footnote 314 1.1 christos and endnote markers, both in the body of the document, and in the 315 1.1 christos footnotes/endnotes themselves. 316 1.1 christos <p> 317 1.1 christos The third command is required for <strong>mom</strong> to handle 318 1.1 christos multiple authors in proper, MLA style. 319 1.1 christos <p> 320 1.1 christos The last command, <kbd>database</kbd>, assumes you have created 321 1.1 christos your own database, and do not otherwise have a system-wide 322 1.1 christos "default" database. "...full path to the database" means the full 323 1.1 christos path <em>including</em> the database filename, e.g. 324 1.1 christos /home/user/refer/my_database. 325 1.1 christos <p> If you're already a <strong>refer</strong> user, feel free to 326 1.1 christos enter whatever <strong>refer</strong> commands are necessary to 327 1.1 christos access the database(s) you want. 328 1.1 christos <p> 329 1.1 christos With the above <strong>refer</strong> block, you can embed 330 1.1 christos references directly into the text of your document, or have them 331 1.1 christos output as footnotes or endnotes. If you want to "collect" 332 1.1 christos references for later output on a bibliography page, the block must 333 1.1 christos read: 334 1.1 christos <p> 335 1.1 christos <pre> 336 1.1 christos .R1 337 1.1 christos no-label-in-text 338 1.1 christos no-label-in-reference 339 1.1 christos join-authors ", and " ", " ", and " 340 1.1 christos database <full path to the database> 341 1.1 christos sort 342 1.1 christos accumulate 343 1.1 christos .R2 344 1.1 christos </pre> 345 1.1 christos 346 1.1 christos <a name="ACCESSING_REF"><h3><u>3. Accessing references</u></h3><a> 347 1.1 christos <p> 348 1.1 christos References are accessed by putting keywords, all on one line, 349 1.1 christos between the <strong>refer</strong> commands <strong>.[</strong> and 350 1.1 christos <strong>.]</strong>. Both of these commands must appear on separate 351 1.1 christos lines, by themselves, like this: 352 1.1 christos <p> 353 1.1 christos <pre> 354 1.1 christos .[ 355 1.1 christos keyword(s) 356 1.1 christos .] 357 1.1 christos </pre> 358 1.1 christos 359 1.1 christos Keywords are any word, or set of words, that identify a database 360 1.1 christos record (i.e. a reference) unambiguously. (<strong>refer</strong> 361 1.1 christos doesn't like ambiguity.) 362 1.1 christos <p> 363 1.1 christos If, for example, you want to reference a book by Ray Bradbury, 364 1.1 christos and the database contains only one book by Bradbury, a suitable 365 1.1 christos keyword would be "Bradbury". If your database contains several 366 1.1 christos books by Bradbury, say, <em>Fahrenheit 451</em> and <em>The Martian 367 1.1 christos Chronicles</em>, you could reference them with the keywords, "451" 368 1.1 christos and "Martian". If, in addition to the two books by Bradbury, you 369 1.1 christos also had one whose title was <em>The Martian Mission</em>, suitable 370 1.1 christos keywords to reference <em>The Martian Chronicles</em> might be: 371 1.1 christos <p> 372 1.1 christos <pre> 373 1.1 christos .[ or .[ or .[ 374 1.1 christos Bradbury Martian Bradbury Chronicles Martian Chronicles 375 1.1 christos .] .] .] 376 1.1 christos </pre> 377 1.1 christos 378 1.1 christos The database field identifier, %K, lets you create special keywords 379 1.1 christos for references. This can be very handy if you need both a "short" 380 1.1 christos and a "long" reference to the same work. The short reference might 381 1.1 christos be used in footnotes; the long one in a bibliography. Consider the 382 1.1 christos following: 383 1.1 christos <p> 384 1.1 christos <pre> 385 1.1 christos %A Isherwood, Christopher %A Isherwood 386 1.1 christos %T Mr. Norris Changes Trains %T Mr. Norris Changes Trains 387 1.1 christos %d 1935 %K Nor short 388 1.1 christos %t The Last of Mr. \%Norris 389 1.1 christos %a Intro. Tom Crawford 390 1.1 christos %C New York 391 1.1 christos %I New Directions 392 1.1 christos %D 1945 393 1.1 christos %K Norris 394 1.1 christos 395 1.1 christos </pre> 396 1.1 christos 397 1.1 christos To access the shorter reference, you'd do 398 1.1 christos <p> 399 1.1 christos <pre> 400 1.1 christos .[ 401 1.1 christos Nor short 402 1.1 christos .] 403 1.1 christos </pre> 404 1.1 christos 405 1.1 christos To access the longer one, you'd do 406 1.1 christos <pre> 407 1.1 christos .[ 408 1.1 christos Norris 409 1.1 christos .] 410 1.1 christos </pre> 411 1.1 christos 412 1.1 christos <a name="WHERE_REF"><h3><u>4. Telling mom where to put references</u></h3><a> 413 1.1 christos <p> 414 1.1 christos <strong>Mom</strong> provides several mechanisms for outputting 415 1.1 christos references where you want. 416 1.1 christos <p> 417 1.1 christos <h3>Embedding references in the document body</h3> 418 1.1 christos <p> 419 1.1 christos References may be embedded in the document body, surrounded by 420 1.1 christos parentheses, square brackets, or braces. Use whichever you prefer, 421 1.1 christos following the recipes below. 422 1.1 christos <p> 423 1.1 christos <pre> 424 1.1 christos Parentheses Square brackets Braces 425 1.1 christos ----------- --------------- ------ 426 1.1 christos 427 1.1 christos .REF( .REF[ .REF{ 428 1.1 christos .[ .[ .[ 429 1.1 christos keyword(s) keyword(s) keyword(s) 430 1.1 christos .] .] .] 431 1.1 christos .REF) .REF] .REF} 432 1.1 christos </pre> 433 1.1 christos 434 1.1 christos <h3>Footnote or endnote references</h3> 435 1.1 christos <p> 436 1.1 christos Most times, you'll probably want references in either footnotes or 437 1.1 christos endnotes. <strong>Mom</strong> provides a simple mechanism whereby 438 1.1 christos you can choose which, or even switch back and forth. The primary 439 1.1 christos tag is 440 1.1 christos <a href="#REF">REF</a>, which is used like this: 441 1.1 christos <p> 442 1.1 christos <pre> 443 1.1 christos .REF 444 1.1 christos .[ 445 1.1 christos keyword(s) 446 1.1 christos .] 447 1.1 christos .REF 448 1.1 christos </pre> 449 1.1 christos 450 1.1 christos <strong>REF</strong> collects references and outputs them 451 1.1 christos where you say with the macros, 452 1.1 christos <a href="#FOOTNOTE_REFS">FOOTNOTE_REFS</a> 453 1.1 christos or 454 1.1 christos <a href="#ENDNOTE_REFS">ENDNOTE_REFS</a>. 455 1.1 christos Neither 456 1.1 christos <strong>FOOTNOTE_REFS</strong> nor <strong>ENDNOTE_REFS</strong> 457 1.1 christos requires an argument. All they do is tell <strong>REF</strong>, 458 1.1 christos whenever it's invoked, where to put the references. 459 1.1 christos <p> 460 1.1 christos A recipe for footnote references looks like this: 461 1.1 christos <pre> 462 1.1 christos .FOOTNOTE_REFS 463 1.1 christos .REF 464 1.1 christos .[ 465 1.1 christos keyword(s) 466 1.1 christos .] 467 1.1 christos .REF 468 1.1 christos </pre> 469 1.1 christos 470 1.1 christos When <strong>FOOTNOTE_REFS</strong> are enabled, <strong>REF</strong> 471 1.1 christos behaves identically to 472 1.1 christos <a href="docelement.html#FOOTNOTE">FOOTNOTE</a>, 473 1.1 christos so please read the 474 1.1 christos <a href="docelement.html#FOOTNOTE_NOTE">HYPER IMPORTANT NOTE</a> 475 1.1 christos found in the document entry for <strong>FOOTNOTE</strong>. 476 1.1 christos <p> 477 1.1 christos The reference between the first and second <strong>REF</strong> 478 1.1 christos will be treated as a footnote, as will all subsequent 479 1.1 christos <strong>REF</strong> pairs unless you invoke the macro, 480 1.1 christos <strong>ENDNOTE_REFS</strong>. 481 1.1 christos <p> 482 1.1 christos A recipe for endnote references looks like this: 483 1.1 christos <pre> 484 1.1 christos .ENDNOTE_REFS 485 1.1 christos .REF 486 1.1 christos .[ 487 1.1 christos keyword(s) 488 1.1 christos .] 489 1.1 christos .REF 490 1.1 christos </pre> 491 1.1 christos 492 1.1 christos The reference between the first and second <strong>REF</strong> 493 1.1 christos will be treated as an endnote, as will all subsequent 494 1.1 christos <strong>REF</strong> pairs unless you invoke the macro, 495 1.1 christos <strong>FOOTNOTE_REFS</strong>. 496 1.1 christos <p> 497 1.1 christos When <strong>ENDNOTE_REFS</strong> are enabled, <strong>REF</strong> 498 1.1 christos behaves identically to 499 1.1 christos <a href="docelement.html#FOOTNOTE">ENDNOTE</a>, 500 1.1 christos so please read the 501 1.1 christos <a href="docelement.html#ENDNOTE_NOTE">HYPER IMPORTANT NOTE</a> 502 1.1 christos found in the document entry for <strong>ENDNOTE</strong>. 503 1.1 christos <p> 504 1.1 christos The innate flexibility of this scheme allows you to have both 505 1.1 christos footnote references and endnote references in the same document. 506 1.1 christos This would be desirable if, say, you wanted "short" references in 507 1.1 christos footnotes, and complete references in endnotes. 508 1.1 christos <p> 509 1.1 christos 510 1.1 christos <a name="COLLECTED_REF"><h3>Collected references</h3></a> 511 1.1 christos <p> 512 1.1 christos Sometimes, you may want to put references in input text near 513 1.1 christos sections of text to which they pertain, but not actually want 514 1.1 christos them output until later (typically, on a bibliography page). 515 1.1 christos <strong>REF</strong> is used for this, too, but you have to make 516 1.1 christos sure your <strong>refer</strong> commands block is set up properly. 517 1.1 christos The recipe for this is: 518 1.1 christos <p> 519 1.1 christos <a name="REFER_BLOCK2"></a> 520 1.1 christos <pre> 521 1.1 christos .R1 522 1.1 christos no-label-in-text 523 1.1 christos no-label-in-reference 524 1.1 christos join-authors ", and " ", " ", and " 525 1.1 christos database <full path to the database> 526 1.1 christos sort 527 1.1 christos accumulate 528 1.1 christos .R2 529 1.1 christos </pre> 530 1.1 christos 531 1.1 christos After this set up, and provided you don't issue a 532 1.1 christos <strong>FOOTNOTE_REFS</strong> or <strong>ENDNOTE_REFS</strong> 533 1.1 christos command, all reference between <strong>REF</strong> pairs will be 534 1.1 christos collected for later output. 535 1.1 christos <p> 536 1.1 christos As a precaution, <strong>mom</strong> will issue a message the 537 1.1 christos first time you call <strong>.REF</strong> if neither 538 1.1 christos <strong>FOOTNOTE_REFS</strong> nor <strong>ENDNOTE_REFS</strong> is 539 1.1 christos in effect. If collected references are what you want, and you have 540 1.1 christos set up your <strong>.R1 - .R2</strong> block as above, you may 541 1.1 christos safely ignore the message. 542 1.1 christos <p> 543 1.1 christos <strong>LIMITATION:</strong> You cannot combine "collected" 544 1.1 christos references (plain <strong>REF</strong>) with <strong>REF</strong>s 545 1.1 christos that are instructed to go into footnotes (with 546 1.1 christos <strong>FOOTNOTE_REFS</strong>) or endnotes (with 547 1.1 christos <strong>ENDNOTE_REFS</strong>). This is a limitation imposed by 548 1.1 christos <strong>refer</strong>, not <strong>mom</strong>. 549 1.1 christos 550 1.1 christos <a name="BIBLIO_REF"><h3><u>5. Creating bibliography pages</u></h3><a> 551 1.1 christos <p> 552 1.1 christos Bibliography pages are separate pages, like endnotes, on which 553 1.1 christos complete bibliographies are output. And, like endnotes pages, just 554 1.1 christos about every element on them can be designed to your specifications 555 1.1 christos with control macros. (See 556 1.1 christos <a href="#BIBLIO_CONTROL_MACROS">Control macros for bibliographies</a>.) 557 1.1 christos A bibliography page that uses <strong>mom</strong>'s defaults 558 1.1 christos begins with the macro, 559 1.1 christos <a href="BIBLIOGRAPHY">BIBLIOGRAPHY</a>, 560 1.1 christos like this: 561 1.1 christos <p> 562 1.1 christos <pre> 563 1.1 christos .BIBLIOGRAPHY 564 1.1 christos </pre> 565 1.1 christos 566 1.1 christos <p> 567 1.1 christos Following <strong>BIBLIOGRAPHY</strong>, you have three choices of 568 1.1 christos how to proceed. 569 1.1 christos <p> 570 1.1 christos If you have elected to have references collected from within the 571 1.1 christos body of a document (see above, 572 1.1 christos <a href="#COLLECTED_REF">Collected references</a>, 573 1.1 christos for instructions), which assumes you have a <strong>refer</strong> 574 1.1 christos command block like the one 575 1.1 christos <a href="#REFER_BLOCK2">here</a> 576 1.1 christos at the top of your document, you need only do 577 1.1 christos <p> 578 1.1 christos <pre> 579 1.1 christos .BIBLIOGRAPHY 580 1.1 christos .[ 581 1.1 christos $LIST$ 582 1.1 christos .] 583 1.1 christos </pre> 584 1.1 christos 585 1.1 christos If you want to create the bibliography by hand (which may be the 586 1.1 christos case if you've used footnote and/or endnote references throughout 587 1.1 christos your document), follow this recipe, which assumes you already have a 588 1.1 christos <strong>refer</strong> block like the one 589 1.1 christos <a href="#REFER_BLOCK1">here</a> 590 1.1 christos at the top of your document: 591 1.1 christos <p> 592 1.1 christos <pre> 593 1.1 christos .BIBLIOGRAPHY 594 1.1 christos .R1 595 1.1 christos sort 596 1.1 christos accumulate 597 1.1 christos .R2 598 1.1 christos .[ -+ 599 1.1 christos keyword(s) | 600 1.1 christos .] | "keyword(s)" are keywords identifying the 601 1.1 christos .[ | particular bibliographic reference you want 602 1.1 christos keyword(s) | from your database. Order doesn't matter here; 603 1.1 christos .] | the refer command, sort, takes care of that. 604 1.1 christos .[ | 605 1.1 christos keyword(s) | 606 1.1 christos .] -+ 607 1.1 christos .[ 608 1.1 christos $LIST$ 609 1.1 christos .] 610 1.1 christos </pre> 611 1.1 christos 612 1.1 christos Your final choice is to output your whole database. Again, 613 1.1 christos assuming you have a <strong>refer</strong> block like the one 614 1.1 christos <a href="#REFER_BLOCK1">here</a> at the top of your file, you need 615 1.1 christos only do: 616 1.1 christos <p> 617 1.1 christos <pre> 618 1.1 christos .BIBLIOGRAPHY 619 1.1 christos .R1 620 1.1 christos bibliography <full path to database> 621 1.1 christos .R2 622 1.1 christos </pre> 623 1.1 christos 624 1.1 christos If you haven't put a <strong>refer</strong> block in 625 1.1 christos your file already, you can put the whole thing after 626 1.1 christos <strong>BIBLIOGRAPHY</strong>, like this: 627 1.1 christos <p> 628 1.1 christos <pre> 629 1.1 christos .BIBLIOGRAPHY 630 1.1 christos .R1 631 1.1 christos no-label-in-text -+ 632 1.1 christos no-label-in-reference | These are actually optional 633 1.1 christos database <full path to the database> -+ 634 1.1 christos join-authors ", and " ", " ", and " 635 1.1 christos bibliography <full path to database> 636 1.1 christos .R2 637 1.1 christos </pre> 638 1.1 christos 639 1.1 christos Whichever option you choose, <strong>mom</strong> will output a 640 1.1 christos full bibliography page, complete with a title (BIBLIOGRAPHY by 641 1.1 christos default, but that can be changed). 642 1.1 christos 643 1.1 christos <a name="INVOKING_REF"><h3><u>6. Invoking groff with mom and refer</u></h3><a> 644 1.1 christos <p> 645 1.1 christos So, now you've got a document, formatted properly to use 646 1.1 christos references processed with <strong>refer</strong>, what do you do to 647 1.1 christos output the document? 648 1.1 christos <p> 649 1.1 christos It's simple. Instead of invoking <strong>groff</strong> with just 650 1.1 christos the -mom option, as explained 651 1.1 christos <a href="using.html#USING_INVOKING">here</a>, 652 1.1 christos invoke groff with the -R option as well, like this: 653 1.1 christos <p> 654 1.1 christos <pre> 655 1.1 christos groff -R -mom filename 656 1.1 christos </pre> 657 1.1 christos 658 1.1 christos <hr width="66%"> 659 1.1 christos 660 1.1 christos <p> 661 1.1 christos <a name="MACROS_REF"><h3><u>Index of bibliography and reference macros</u></h3></a> 662 1.1 christos <ul> 663 1.1 christos <li><a href="#REF">Tag: REF</a> -- collected, footnote or endnote references tag 664 1.1 christos <li><a href="#FOOTNOTE_REFS">FOOTNOTE_REFS</a> -- REFs go to footnotes 665 1.1 christos <li><a href="#ENDNOTE_REFS">ENDNOTE_REFS</a> -- REFs go to endnotes 666 1.1 christos <li><a href="#BRACKET_REFS">REF(</a> -- references embedded in text between parentheses 667 1.1 christos <li><a href="#BRACKET_REFS">REF[</a> -- references embedded in text between square brackets 668 1.1 christos <li><a href="#BRACKET_REFS">REF{</a> -- references embedded in text between braces 669 1.1 christos <li><a href="#INDENT_REFS">INDENT_REFS</a> -- manage the 2nd line indent of references 670 1.1 christos <li><a href="#HYPHENATE_REFS">HYPHENATE_REFS</a> -- en/disable hyphenation of references 671 1.1 christos <li><a href="#BIBLIOGRAPHY">BIBLIOGRAPHY</a> -- begin a bibliography page 672 1.1 christos <li><a href="#BIBLIOGRAPHY_TYPE">BIBLIOGRAPHY_TYPE</a> -- plain, or numbered list bibliography 673 1.1 christos <li><a href="#BIBLIO_CONTROL">Bibliography page style control</a> 674 1.1 christos </ul> 675 1.1 christos <p> 676 1.1 christos 677 1.1 christos <!---REF---> 678 1.1 christos 679 1.1 christos <hr width="66%" align="left"> 680 1.1 christos <a name="REF"><h3><u>Marking off references for footnotes, endnotes, or collection</u></h3></a> 681 1.1 christos <p> 682 1.1 christos 683 1.1 christos Tag: <strong>REF</strong> 684 1.1 christos <p> 685 1.1 christos The macro, <strong>REF</strong>, tells <strong>mom</strong> that 686 1.1 christos what follows is <strong>refer</strong>-specific, a 687 1.1 christos keyword-identified reference from a 688 1.1 christos <strong>refer</strong> database. Depending on whether you've 689 1.1 christos issued a 690 1.1 christos <a href="#FOOTNOTE_REFS">FOOTNOTE_REFS</a> 691 1.1 christos or 692 1.1 christos <a href="#ENDNOTE_REFS">ENDNOTE_REFS</a> 693 1.1 christos instruction, <strong>REF</strong> also tells <strong>mom</strong> 694 1.1 christos where to place the reference. If <strong>FOOTNOTE_REFS</strong>, 695 1.1 christos the reference will be formatted and placed in a footnote. If 696 1.1 christos <strong>ENDNOTE_REFS</strong>, the reference will be collected for 697 1.1 christos output as an endnote. If you have issued neither instruction, the 698 1.1 christos reference will be collected for later output, most likely on a 699 1.1 christos <a href="#BIBLIOGRAPHY">bibliography page</a>. 700 1.1 christos <p> 701 1.1 christos Before you use <strong>REF</strong>, you must create a 702 1.1 christos <strong>refer</strong> block containing <strong>refer</strong> 703 1.1 christos commands (see 704 1.1 christos <a href="#RCOMMANDS_REF">Required refer commands</a> 705 1.1 christos in the tutorial, above). 706 1.1 christos <p> 707 1.1 christos <strong>REF</strong> usage always looks like this: 708 1.1 christos <p> 709 1.1 christos <pre> 710 1.1 christos .REF 711 1.1 christos .[ 712 1.1 christos keyword(s) 713 1.1 christos .] 714 1.1 christos .REF 715 1.1 christos </pre> 716 1.1 christos 717 1.1 christos Notice that <strong>REF</strong> "brackets" the 718 1.1 christos <strong>refer</strong> call, and never takes an argument. 719 1.1 christos <p> 720 1.1 christos What <strong>REF</strong> really is is a convenience. One could, 721 1.1 christos for example, put a reference in a footnote by doing 722 1.1 christos <p> 723 1.1 christos <pre> 724 1.1 christos .FOOTNOTE 725 1.1 christos .[ 726 1.1 christos keyword(s) 727 1.1 christos .] 728 1.1 christos .FOOTNOTE OFF 729 1.1 christos </pre> 730 1.1 christos 731 1.1 christos However, if you have a lot of references going into footnotes (or 732 1.1 christos endnotes), it's much shorter to type <kbd>.REF/.REF</kbd> than 733 1.1 christos <kbd>.FOOTNOTE/.FOOTNOTE OFF</kbd>. It also helps you 734 1.1 christos distinguish--visually, in your input file--between footnotes (or 735 1.1 christos endnotes) which are references, and footnotes (or endnotes) which 736 1.1 christos are explanatory, or expand on the text. 737 1.1 christos <p> 738 1.1 christos <strong>Additional arguments:</strong> If you're using 739 1.1 christos <strong>REF</strong> to put references in footnotes and your 740 1.1 christos footnotes need to be indented, you may (indeed, should) pass 741 1.1 christos <strong>REF</strong> the same arguments used to indent footnotes. 742 1.1 christos See 743 1.1 christos <a href="docelement.html#FOOTNOTE">FOOTNOTE</a>. 744 1.1 christos <p> 745 1.1 christos <strong>Note:</strong> 746 1.1 christos When <strong>REF</strong> is used with 747 1.1 christos <a href="#FOOTNOTE_REFS">FOOTNOTE_REFS</a>, 748 1.1 christos it behaves identically to 749 1.1 christos <a href="docelement.html#FOOTNOTE">FOOTNOTE</a>, 750 1.1 christos so please read the 751 1.1 christos <a href="docelement.html#FOOTNOTE_NOTE">HYPER IMPORTANT NOTE</a> 752 1.1 christos found in the document entry for <strong>FOOTNOTE</strong>. 753 1.1 christos <p> 754 1.1 christos When <strong>REF</strong> is used with 755 1.1 christos <a href="#ENDNOTE_REFS">ENDNOTE_REFS</a>, 756 1.1 christos it behaves identically to 757 1.1 christos <a href="docelement.html#FOOTNOTE">ENDNOTE</a>, 758 1.1 christos so please read the 759 1.1 christos <a href="docelement.html#ENDNOTE_NOTE">HYPER IMPORTANT NOTE</a> 760 1.1 christos found in the document entry for <strong>ENDNOTE</strong>. 761 1.1 christos 762 1.1 christos <br> 763 1.1 christos 764 1.1 christos <!---FOOTNOTE_REFS---> 765 1.1 christos 766 1.1 christos <hr width="33%" align="left"> 767 1.1 christos <a name="FOOTNOTE_REFS"><h3><u>Instruct REF to put references in footnotes</u></h3></a> 768 1.1 christos <p> 769 1.1 christos 770 1.1 christos Macro: <strong>FOOTNOTE_REFS</strong> 771 1.1 christos <p> 772 1.1 christos <strong>FOOTNOTE_REFS</strong> is an instruction to 773 1.1 christos <a href="#REF">REF</a>, 774 1.1 christos saying, "put all subsequent references bracketed by the 775 1.1 christos <strong>REF</strong> macro into footnotes." You invoke it by 776 1.1 christos itself, with no argument. 777 1.1 christos <p> 778 1.1 christos When <strong>FOOTNOTE_REFS</strong> is in effect, regular 779 1.1 christos footnotes, (i.e. those introduced with <kbd>.FOOTNOTE</kbd> and 780 1.1 christos terminated with <kbd>.FOOTNOTE OFF</kbd>) continue to behave 781 1.1 christos normally. 782 1.1 christos <p> 783 1.1 christos You may switch between <strong>FOOTNOTE_REFS</strong> and 784 1.1 christos <a href="#ENDNOTE_REFS">ENDNOTE_REFS</a> 785 1.1 christos at any time. 786 1.1 christos <p> 787 1.1 christos If you have a lot of footnote references, and are identifying 788 1.1 christos footnotes by line number rather than by markers in the text, you may 789 1.1 christos want to enable 790 1.1 christos <a href="docelement.html#FOOTNOTES_RUN_ON">FOOTNOTES_RUN_ON</a> 791 1.1 christos in conjunctions with <strong>FOOTNOTE_REFS</strong>. 792 1.1 christos 793 1.1 christos <br> 794 1.1 christos 795 1.1 christos <!---ENDNOTE_REFS---> 796 1.1 christos 797 1.1 christos <hr width="33%" align="left"> 798 1.1 christos <a name="ENDNOTE_REFS"><h3><u>Instruct REF to put references in endnotes</u></h3></a> 799 1.1 christos <p> 800 1.1 christos 801 1.1 christos Macro: <strong>ENDNOTE_REFS</strong> 802 1.1 christos <p> 803 1.1 christos <strong>ENDNOTE_REFS</strong> is an instruction to 804 1.1 christos <a href="#REF">REF</a>, 805 1.1 christos saying, "add all subsequent references bracketed by the 806 1.1 christos <strong>REF</strong> macro to endnotes." You invoke it by 807 1.1 christos itself, with no argument. 808 1.1 christos <p> 809 1.1 christos When <strong>ENDNOTE_REFS</strong> is in effect, 810 1.1 christos <strong>mom</strong> continues to format regular endnotes, (i.e. 811 1.1 christos those introduced with <kbd>.ENDNOTE</kbd> and terminated with 812 1.1 christos <kbd>.ENDNOTE OFF</kbd>) in the normal way. 813 1.1 christos <p> 814 1.1 christos You may switch between <strong>ENDNOTE_REFS</strong> and 815 1.1 christos <a href="#FOOTNOTE_REFS">FOOTNOTE_REFS</a> 816 1.1 christos at any time. 817 1.1 christos 818 1.1 christos <br> 819 1.1 christos 820 1.1 christos <!---BRACKET_REFS---> 821 1.1 christos 822 1.1 christos <hr width="33%" align="left"> 823 1.1 christos <a name="BRACKET_REFS"><h3><u>References embedded in text</u></h3></a> 824 1.1 christos <p> 825 1.1 christos 826 1.1 christos Macro pair: <strong>REF(</strong> ... <strong>REF)</strong> 827 1.1 christos <br> 828 1.1 christos Macro pair: <strong>REF[</strong> ... <strong>REF]</strong> 829 1.1 christos <br> 830 1.1 christos Macro pair: <strong>REF{</strong> ... <strong>REF}</strong> 831 1.1 christos <p> 832 1.1 christos You may sometimes want to embed references directly into the body 833 1.1 christos of your documents, typically, but not always, inside parentheses. 834 1.1 christos <strong>Mom</strong> makes this possible through the use of the 835 1.1 christos <strong>REF<bracket type></strong> macros. 836 1.1 christos <p> 837 1.1 christos All three macro pairs, above, are invoked the same way, namely by 838 1.1 christos introducing the reference with the first ("open") macro of 839 1.1 christos the <strong>REF<bracket type></strong> pair, and 840 1.1 christos terminating it with the second ("close") 841 1.1 christos <strong>REF<bracket type></strong> of the pair. For 842 1.1 christos example 843 1.1 christos <p> 844 1.1 christos <pre> 845 1.1 christos .REF( 846 1.1 christos .[ 847 1.1 christos keyword(s) 848 1.1 christos .] 849 1.1 christos .REF) 850 1.1 christos </pre> 851 1.1 christos 852 1.1 christos will embed a reference in the body of your document, surrounded by 853 1.1 christos parentheses. <strong>.REF[</strong> ... <strong>.REF]</strong> will 854 1.1 christos surround the reference with square brackets. 855 1.1 christos <strong>.REF{</strong> ... <strong>.REF}</strong> will surround it with 856 1.1 christos curly braces. 857 1.1 christos <br> 858 1.1 christos 859 1.1 christos <!---INDENT_REFS---> 860 1.1 christos 861 1.1 christos <hr width="33%" align="left"> 862 1.1 christos <a name="INDENT_REFS"><h3><u>Manage the second-line indent of references</u></h3></a> 863 1.1 christos <p> 864 1.1 christos 865 1.1 christos <nobr>Macro: <strong>INDENT_REFS</strong> FOOTNOTE | ENDNOTE | BIBLIO <indent> </nobr> 866 1.1 christos <br> 867 1.1 christos <em>*<indent> requires a <a href="definitions.html#TERMS_UNITOFMEASURE">unit of measure</a></em> 868 1.1 christos <p> 869 1.1 christos Proper MLA-style references should have their second, and subsequent 870 1.1 christos lines, if any, indented. Since <strong>mom</strong> formats 871 1.1 christos references in MLA style, she automatically indents second lines. 872 1.1 christos By default, the indent for the second line of references, 873 1.1 christos regardless of whether the references appear in footnotes, endnotes, 874 1.1 christos or bibliographies, is 1.5 875 1.1 christos <a href="definitions.html#TERMS_EM">ems</a> 876 1.1 christos for 877 1.1 christos <a href="docprocessing.html#PRINTSTYLE">PRINSTYLE</a> 878 1.1 christos <strong>TYPESET</strong> 879 1.1 christos and 2 ems for 880 1.1 christos <a href="docprocessing.html#PRINTSTYLE">PRINSTYLE</a> 881 1.1 christos <strong>TYPEWRITE</strong>. 882 1.1 christos <p> 883 1.1 christos If you'd like to change the indent for footnotes, endnotes or 884 1.1 christos bibliographies, just invoke <strong>INDENT_REFS</strong> with a 885 1.1 christos first argument telling <strong>mom</strong> for which you want the 886 1.1 christos indent changed, and a second argument saying what you'd like the 887 1.1 christos indent to be. For example, if you want the second-line indent of 888 1.1 christos references on a bibliography page to be 3 889 1.1 christos <a href="definitions.html#TERMS_PICAS_POINTS">picas</a>, 890 1.1 christos <p> 891 1.1 christos <pre> 892 1.1 christos .INDENT_REFS BIBLIO 3P 893 1.1 christos </pre> 894 1.1 christos 895 1.1 christos is how you'd set it up. 896 1.1 christos <p> 897 1.1 christos <strong>Tip:</strong> if you are identifying endnotes by line 898 1.1 christos number 899 1.1 christos (<a href="docelement.html#ENDNOTE_MARKER_STYLE">ENDNOTE_MARKER_STYLE</a> <strong>LINE</strong>) 900 1.1 christos and you have instructed <strong>mom</strong> to put references 901 1.1 christos bracketed by 902 1.1 christos <a href="#REF">REF</a> 903 1.1 christos into endnotes (with 904 1.1 christos <a href="#ENDNOTE_REFS">ENDNOTE_REFS</a>), 905 1.1 christos you will probably want to adjust the second-line indent for 906 1.1 christos references in endnotes, owing to the way <strong>mom</strong> 907 1.1 christos formats line-numbered endnotes. Study the output of such 908 1.1 christos documents to see whether an indent adjustment is required. 909 1.1 christos <br> 910 1.1 christos 911 1.1 christos <!---HYPHENATE_REFS---> 912 1.1 christos 913 1.1 christos <hr width="33%" align="left"> 914 1.1 christos <a name="HYPHENATE_REFS"><h3><u>Enable/disable hyphenation of references</u></h3></a> 915 1.1 christos <p> 916 1.1 christos 917 1.1 christos <nobr>Macro: <strong>HYPHENATE_REFS</strong> <toggle></nobr> 918 1.1 christos <p> 919 1.1 christos If you have hyphenation turned on for a document (see <a 920 1.1 christos href="typesetting.html#HY">HY</a>), 921 1.1 christos and in most cases you probably do, <strong>mom</strong> will 922 1.1 christos hyphenate references bracketed by the 923 1.1 christos <a href="#REF">REF</a> 924 1.1 christos macro. Since references typically contain quite a lot of proper 925 1.1 christos names, which shouldn't be hyphenated, you may want to disable 926 1.1 christos hyphenation for references. 927 1.1 christos <p> 928 1.1 christos <strong>HYPHENATE_REFS</strong> is a toggle macro; 929 1.1 christos invoking it by itself will turn automatic hyphenation of 930 1.1 christos <strong>REF</strong>-bracketed references on (the default). 931 1.1 christos Invoking it with any other argument (<strong>OFF</strong>, 932 1.1 christos <strong>NO</strong>, <strong>X</strong>, etc.) will disable 933 1.1 christos automatic hyphenation for references bracketed by 934 1.1 christos <strong>REF</strong>. 935 1.1 christos <p> 936 1.1 christos An alternative to turning reference hyphenation off is to prepend 937 1.1 christos to selected proper names in your <strong>refer</strong> database 938 1.1 christos the <strong>groff</strong> 939 1.1 christos <a href="definitions.html#TERMS_DISCRETIONARYHYPHEN">discretionary hyphen</a> 940 1.1 christos character, <strong>\%</strong>. (See 941 1.1 christos <a href="#REF_DISC_HY">here</a> 942 1.1 christos in the tutorial for an example.) 943 1.1 christos <p> 944 1.1 christos <strong>Note:</strong> references embedded in the body of a document 945 1.1 christos with 946 1.1 christos <a href="#BRACKET_REFS">REF</a><strong><bracket type></strong> 947 1.1 christos are considered part of 948 1.1 christos <a href="definitions.html#TERMS_RUNNING">running text</a>, 949 1.1 christos and are hyphenated (or not) according to whether hyphenation 950 1.1 christos is turned on or off for running text. Therefore, if you want to 951 1.1 christos disable hyphenation for such references, you must do so 952 1.1 christos temporarily, with <strong>HY</strong>, like this: 953 1.1 christos <p> 954 1.1 christos <pre> 955 1.1 christos .HY OFF 956 1.1 christos .REF( 957 1.1 christos .[ 958 1.1 christos keyword(s) 959 1.1 christos .] 960 1.1 christos .REF) 961 1.1 christos .HY 962 1.1 christos </pre> 963 1.1 christos 964 1.1 christos Alternatively, sprinkle your database fields liberally with 965 1.1 christos <strong>\%</strong>. 966 1.1 christos <br> 967 1.1 christos 968 1.1 christos <!---BIBLIOGRAPHY---> 969 1.1 christos 970 1.1 christos <hr width="33%" align="left"> 971 1.1 christos <a name="BIBLIOGRAPHY"><h3><u>Begin a bibliography page</u></h3></a> 972 1.1 christos <p> 973 1.1 christos 974 1.1 christos Macro: <strong>BIBLIOGRAPHY</strong> 975 1.1 christos <br> 976 1.1 christos <p> 977 1.1 christos If you want to append a bibliography to your document, all you need 978 1.1 christos do is invoke <strong>BIBLIOGRAPHY</strong> at the place you want 979 1.1 christos it. <strong>BIBLIOGRAPHY</strong> breaks to a new page, prints the 980 1.1 christos title (BIBLIOGRAPHY by default, but that can be changed), and awaits 981 1.1 christos <strong>refer</strong> instructions. How to create bibliographies 982 1.1 christos is covered in the tutorial section, 983 1.1 christos <a href="#BIBLIO_REF">Creating bibliography pages</a>. 984 1.1 christos <p> 985 1.1 christos See the 986 1.1 christos <a href="#BIBLIO_CONTROL">Bibliography page style control macros</a> 987 1.1 christos for macros to tweak, design and control the appearance of 988 1.1 christos bibliography pages. 989 1.1 christos <br> 990 1.1 christos 991 1.1 christos <!---BIBLIOGRAPHY_TYPE---> 992 1.1 christos 993 1.1 christos <hr width="33%" align="left"> 994 1.1 christos <a name="BIBLIOGRAPHY_TYPE"><h3><u>Plain, or numbered list bibliography</u></h3></a> 995 1.1 christos <p> 996 1.1 christos 997 1.1 christos <nobr>Macro: <strong>BIBLIOGRAPHY_TYPE</strong> PLAIN | LIST [ <list separator> ] [ <list prefix> ]</nobr> 998 1.1 christos <p> 999 1.1 christos <strong>Mom</strong> offers two styles of bibliography output: plain, 1000 1.1 christos or numbered list style. With <strong>PLAIN</strong>, bibliography 1001 1.1 christos entries are output with no enumerators. With <strong>LIST</strong>, 1002 1.1 christos each entry is numbered. 1003 1.1 christos <p> 1004 1.1 christos Entering <kbd>.BIBLIOGRPHY_TYPE PLAIN</kbd> gives you a plain 1005 1.1 christos bibliography. 1006 1.1 christos <p> 1007 1.1 christos Entering <kbd>.BIBLIOGRAPHY_TYPE LIST</kbd> gives you an enumerated 1008 1.1 christos bibliography. The two optional arguments, 1009 1.1 christos <strong><list separator></strong> and 1010 1.1 christos <strong><list prefix></strong> have the same meaning as 1011 1.1 christos the equivalent arguments to 1012 1.1 christos <a href="docelement.html#LIST">LIST</a> 1013 1.1 christos (i.e. <strong><separator></strong> and <strong><prefix></strong>). 1014 1.1 christos <p> 1015 1.1 christos You may enter <strong>BIBLIOGRAPHY_TYPE</strong> either before or 1016 1.1 christos after <strong>BIBLIOGRAPHY</strong>. It must, however, always come 1017 1.1 christos before the <strong>refer</strong> command to output bibliographies. 1018 1.1 christos (See the tutorial section, 1019 1.1 christos <a href="#BIBLIO_REF">Creating bibliography pages</a>, 1020 1.1 christos for instructions on how to output bibliographies.) 1021 1.1 christos <p> 1022 1.1 christos <strong>Mom</strong>'s default <strong>BIBLIOGRAPHY_TYPE</strong> 1023 1.1 christos is <strong>LIST</strong>, with a period (dot) as the separator, and 1024 1.1 christos no prefix. 1025 1.1 christos 1026 1.1 christos <br> 1027 1.1 christos 1028 1.1 christos <!---BIBLIO_CONTROL---> 1029 1.1 christos 1030 1.1 christos <hr width="66%" align="left"> 1031 1.1 christos <a name="BIBLIO_CONTROL"><h3><u>Bibliography page style control</u></h3></a> 1032 1.1 christos 1033 1.1 christos <p> 1034 1.1 christos <strong>Mom</strong> processes bibliography pages in a manner very 1035 1.1 christos similar to the way she processes endnotes pages. The bibliography 1036 1.1 christos page control macros, therefore, behave in the same way as their 1037 1.1 christos endnotes pages equivalents. 1038 1.1 christos <br> 1039 1.1 christos <ol> 1040 1.1 christos <li><a href="#BIBLIO_GENERAL"><strong>General bibliography page style control</strong></a> 1041 1.1 christos <ul> 1042 1.1 christos <li><a href="#BIBLIO_STYLE">Base family/font/quad for bibliographies</a> 1043 1.1 christos <li><a href="#BIBLIO_PT_SIZE">Base point size for bibliographies</a> 1044 1.1 christos <li><a href="#BIBLIO_LEAD">Leading of bibliographies</a> 1045 1.1 christos <li><a href="#SINGLESPACE_BIBLIO">Singlespace bibliographies (for TYPEWRITE only)</a> 1046 1.1 christos <li><a href="#BIBLIO_NO_COLUMNS">Turning off column mode during bibliography output</a> 1047 1.1 christos <li>Pagination of bibliographies: 1048 1.1 christos <ul> 1049 1.1 christos <li><a href="#BIBLIO_PAGENUM_STYLE">Bibliography pages page numbering style</a> 1050 1.1 christos <li><a href="#BIBLIO_FIRST_PAGENUMBER">Setting the first page number of bibliography pages</a> 1051 1.1 christos <li><a href="#BIBLIO_NO_FIRST_PAGENUM">Omitting a page number on the first page of bibliographies</a> 1052 1.1 christos </ul> 1053 1.1 christos <li><a href="#SUSPEND_PAGINATION">Suspending pagination of bibliographies</a> 1054 1.1 christos </ul> 1055 1.1 christos <li><a href="#BIBLIO_HEADER_CONTROL"><strong>Bibliography pages header/footer control</strong></a> 1056 1.1 christos <ul> 1057 1.1 christos <li><a href="#BIBLIO_MODIFY_HDRFTR">Modifying what goes in the bibliography pages header/footer</a> 1058 1.1 christos <li><a href="#BIBLIO_HDRFTR_CENTER">Enabling a header/footer centre when doctype is CHAPTER</a> 1059 1.1 christos <li><a href="#BIBLIO_ALLOWS_HEADERS">Allow headers on bibliography pages</a> 1060 1.1 christos </ul> 1061 1.1 christos <li><a href="#BIBLIO_MAIN_TITLE"><strong>Bibliography page head (i.e. the title at the top) control</strong></a> 1062 1.1 christos <ul> 1063 1.1 christos <li><a href="#BIBLIO_STRING">Creating/modifying the bibliography page head</a> 1064 1.1 christos <li><a href="#BIBLIO_STRING_CONTROL">Bibliography page head control</a> 1065 1.1 christos <li><a href="#BIBLIO_STRING_UNDERSCORE">Bibliography page head underscoring</a> 1066 1.1 christos <li><a href="#BIBLIO_STRING_CAPS">Bibliography page head capitalization</a> 1067 1.1 christos </ul> 1068 1.1 christos </ul> 1069 1.1 christos </ol> 1070 1.1 christos <hr> 1071 1.1 christos 1072 1.1 christos <a name="BIBLIO_GENERAL"><h2><u>1. General bibliography page style control</u></h2> 1073 1.1 christos 1074 1.1 christos <a name="BIBLIO_STYLE"><h3><u>*Bibliography family/font/quad</u></h3></a> 1075 1.1 christos <p> 1076 1.1 christos See 1077 1.1 christos <a href="#CONTROL_MACRO_ARGS">Arguments to the control macros</a>. 1078 1.1 christos <p> 1079 1.1 christos <pre> 1080 1.1 christos .BIBLIOGRAPHY_FAMILY default = prevailing document family; default is Times Roman 1081 1.1 christos .BIBLIOGRAPHY_FONT default = roman 1082 1.1 christos .BIBLIOGRAPHY_QUAD* default = justified 1083 1.1 christos 1084 1.1 christos *Note: BIBLIOGRAPHY_QUAD must be set to either L or J 1085 1.1 christos </pre> 1086 1.1 christos 1087 1.1 christos <!---BIBLIO_PT_SIZE---> 1088 1.1 christos 1089 1.1 christos <a name="BIBLIO_PT_SIZE"><h3><u>*Bibliography point size</u></h3></a> 1090 1.1 christos <p> 1091 1.1 christos <nobr>Macro: <strong>BIBLIOGRAPHY_PT_SIZE</strong> <base type size of bibliography></nobr> 1092 1.1 christos 1093 1.1 christos <p> 1094 1.1 christos Unlike most other control macros that deal with size of document 1095 1.1 christos elements, <strong>BIBLIOGRAPHY_PT_SIZE</strong> takes as its argument an 1096 1.1 christos absolute value, relative to nothing. Therefore, the argument represents 1097 1.1 christos the size of bibliography type in 1098 1.1 christos <a href="definitions.html#TERMS_PICASPOINTS">points</a>, 1099 1.1 christos unless you append an alternative 1100 1.1 christos <a href="definitions.html#TERMS_UNITOFMEASURE">unit of measure</a>. 1101 1.1 christos For example, 1102 1.1 christos <p> 1103 1.1 christos <pre> 1104 1.1 christos .BIBLIOGRAPHY_PT_SIZE 12 1105 1.1 christos </pre> 1106 1.1 christos 1107 1.1 christos sets the base point size of type on the bibliography page to 12 1108 1.1 christos points, whereas 1109 1.1 christos <p> 1110 1.1 christos <pre> 1111 1.1 christos .BIBLIOGRAPHY_PT_SIZE .6i 1112 1.1 christos </pre> 1113 1.1 christos 1114 1.1 christos sets the base point size of type on the bibliography page to 1/6 of an 1115 1.1 christos inch. 1116 1.1 christos <p> 1117 1.1 christos The type size set with <strong>BIBLIOGRAPHY_PT_SIZE</strong> is the size of 1118 1.1 christos type used for the text of the bibliographies, and forms the basis from which 1119 1.1 christos the point size of other bibliography page elements is calculated. 1120 1.1 christos <p> 1121 1.1 christos The default for 1122 1.1 christos <a href="docprocessing.html#PRINTSTYLE">PRINTSTYLE TYPESET</a> 1123 1.1 christos is 12.5 points (the same default size used in the body of the document). 1124 1.1 christos <p> 1125 1.1 christos 1126 1.1 christos <!---BIBLIO_LEAD---> 1127 1.1 christos 1128 1.1 christos <a name="BIBLIO_LEAD"><h3><u>*Bibliography lead</u></h3></a> 1129 1.1 christos <p> 1130 1.1 christos <nobr>Macro: <strong>BIBLIOGRAPHY_LEAD</strong> <base leading of bibliographies> [ ADJUST ]</nobr> 1131 1.1 christos <br> 1132 1.1 christos <em>*Does not require a <a href="definitions.html#TERMS_UNITOFMEASURE">unit of measure</a>; points is assumed</em> 1133 1.1 christos 1134 1.1 christos <p> 1135 1.1 christos Unlike most other control macros that deal with leading of document 1136 1.1 christos elements, <strong>BIBLIOGRAPHY_LEAD</strong> takes as its argument an 1137 1.1 christos absolute value, relative to nothing. Therefore, the argument represents 1138 1.1 christos the 1139 1.1 christos <a href="definitions.html#TERMS_LEADING">leading</a> 1140 1.1 christos of endnotes in 1141 1.1 christos <a href="definitions.html#TERMS_PICASPOINTS">points</a> 1142 1.1 christos unless you append an alternative 1143 1.1 christos <a href="definitions.html#TERMS_UNITOFMEASURE">unit of measure</a>. 1144 1.1 christos For example, 1145 1.1 christos <p> 1146 1.1 christos <pre> 1147 1.1 christos .BIBLIOGRAPHY_LEAD 14 1148 1.1 christos </pre> 1149 1.1 christos 1150 1.1 christos sets the base leading of type on the bibliography page to 14 1151 1.1 christos points, whereas 1152 1.1 christos <p> 1153 1.1 christos <pre> 1154 1.1 christos .BIBLIOGRAPHY_LEAD .5i 1155 1.1 christos </pre> 1156 1.1 christos 1157 1.1 christos sets the base leading of type on the bibliography page to 1/2 inch. 1158 1.1 christos <p> 1159 1.1 christos If you want the leading of bibliographies adjusted to fill the page, 1160 1.1 christos pass <strong>BIBLIOGRAPHY_LEAD</strong> the optional argument 1161 1.1 christos <strong>ADJUST</strong>. (See 1162 1.1 christos <a href="docprocessing.html#DOC_LEAD_ADJUST">DOC_LEAD_ADJUST</a> 1163 1.1 christos for an explanation of leading adjustment.) 1164 1.1 christos <p> 1165 1.1 christos The default for 1166 1.1 christos <a href="docprocessing.html#PRINTSTYLE">PRINTSTYLE TYPESET</a> 1167 1.1 christos is 14 points, adjusted. 1168 1.1 christos <p> 1169 1.1 christos <strong>NOTE:</strong> Even if you give <strong>mom</strong> a 1170 1.1 christos <strong>DOC_LEAD_ADJUST OFF</strong> command, she will still, by 1171 1.1 christos default, adjust bibliography leading. You MUST enter 1172 1.1 christos <strong>BIBLIOGRAPHY_LEAD <lead></strong> with no 1173 1.1 christos <strong>ADJUST</strong> argument to disable this default behaviour. 1174 1.1 christos <p> 1175 1.1 christos 1176 1.1 christos <!---SINGLESPACE_BIBLIO---> 1177 1.1 christos 1178 1.1 christos <a name="SINGLESPACE_BIBLIO"><h3><u>*Singlespace bibliographies (TYPEWRITE only)</u></h3></a> 1179 1.1 christos <p> 1180 1.1 christos <nobr>Macro: <strong>SINGLESPACE_BIBLIOGRAPHY</strong> <toggle></nobr> 1181 1.1 christos 1182 1.1 christos <p> 1183 1.1 christos If your 1184 1.1 christos <a href="docprocessing.html#PRINTSTYLE">PRINTSTYLE</a> 1185 1.1 christos is <strong>TYPEWRITE</strong> and you use TYPEWRITE's default 1186 1.1 christos double-spacing, bibliographies are double-spaced. If your document 1187 1.1 christos is single-spaced, bibliographies are single-spaced. 1188 1.1 christos <p> 1189 1.1 christos If, for some reason, you'd prefer that bibliographies be single-spaced 1190 1.1 christos in an otherwise double-spaced document (including double-spaced 1191 1.1 christos <a href="rectoverso.html#COLLATE">collated</a> 1192 1.1 christos documents), invoke <strong>SINGLESPACE_BIBLIOGRAPHY</strong> with 1193 1.1 christos with no argument. 1194 1.1 christos <p> 1195 1.1 christos 1196 1.1 christos <!---BIBLIO_SPACING---> 1197 1.1 christos 1198 1.1 christos <a name="BIBLIO_SPACING"><h3><u>*Adjusting the space between bibliography entries</u></h3></a> 1199 1.1 christos <p> 1200 1.1 christos <nobr>Macro: <strong>BIBLIOGRAPHY_SPACING</strong> <amount of space> </nobr> 1201 1.1 christos <br> 1202 1.1 christos <em>*Requires a <a href="definitions.html#TERMS_UNITOFMEASURE">unit of measure</a></em> 1203 1.1 christos 1204 1.1 christos <p> 1205 1.1 christos By default, <strong>mom</strong> inserts 1 linespaces between 1206 1.1 christos bibliography entries on bibliography pages. If you'd prefer she 1207 1.1 christos add a different amount of space, instruct her to do so with the 1208 1.1 christos macro, <strong>BIBLIOGRAPHY_SPACING</strong>. Say, for example, 1209 1.1 christos you'd prefer only 1/2 linespace. That would be done with 1210 1.1 christos <p> 1211 1.1 christos <pre> 1212 1.1 christos .BIBLIOGRAPHY_SPACING .5v 1213 1.1 christos </pre> 1214 1.1 christos 1215 1.1 christos As with endnotes pages, owing to the space inserted between bibliography 1216 1.1 christos entries, bibliography pages may have hanging bottom margins. 1217 1.1 christos Unlike endnotes pages, <strong>mom</strong> is sad to report that 1218 1.1 christos there's nothing you can do about this, except a) pray things work 1219 1.1 christos out, or b) set your <strong>BIBLIOGRAPHY_SPACING</strong> to zero. 1220 1.1 christos 1221 1.1 christos <!---BIBLIO_NO_COLUMNS---> 1222 1.1 christos 1223 1.1 christos <a name="BIBLIO_NO_COLUMNS"><h3><u>*Turning off column mode during bibliography output</u></h3></a> 1224 1.1 christos <p> 1225 1.1 christos <nobr>Macro: <strong>BIBLIOGRAPHY_NO_COLUMNS</strong> <toggle></nobr> 1226 1.1 christos 1227 1.1 christos <p> 1228 1.1 christos By default, if your document is 1229 1.1 christos <a href="columns.html#COLUMNS">set in columns</a>, 1230 1.1 christos <strong>mom</strong> sets the bibliographies in columns, too. However, 1231 1.1 christos if your document is set in columns and you'd like the bibliographies not 1232 1.1 christos to be, just invoke <strong>BIBLIOGRAPHY_NO_COLUMNS</strong> with no 1233 1.1 christos argument. The bibliography pages will be set to the full page measure 1234 1.1 christos of your document. 1235 1.1 christos <p> 1236 1.1 christos If you output bibliographies at the end of each document in a 1237 1.1 christos <a href="rectoverso.html#COLLATE">collated</a> 1238 1.1 christos document set in columns, column mode will automatically 1239 1.1 christos be reinstated for each document, even with 1240 1.1 christos <strong>BIBLIOGRAPHY_NO_COLUMNS</strong> turned on. 1241 1.1 christos <p> 1242 1.1 christos 1243 1.1 christos <!---BIBLIO_PAGENUM_STYLE---> 1244 1.1 christos 1245 1.1 christos <a name="BIBLIO_PAGENUM_STYLE"><h3><u>*Bibliography-page page numbering style</u></h3></a> 1246 1.1 christos <p> 1247 1.1 christos <nobr>Macro: <strong>BIBLIOGRAPHY_PAGENUM_STYLE</strong> DIGIT | ROMAN | roman | ALPHA | alpha</nobr> 1248 1.1 christos 1249 1.1 christos <p> 1250 1.1 christos Use this macro to set the page numbering style of bibliography pages. 1251 1.1 christos The arguments are identical to those for 1252 1.1 christos <a href="headfootpage.html#PAGENUM_STYLE">PAGENUM_STYLE</a>. 1253 1.1 christos The default is <strong>digit</strong>. You may want to change it 1254 1.1 christos to, say, <strong>alpha</strong>, which you would do with 1255 1.1 christos <p> 1256 1.1 christos <pre> 1257 1.1 christos .BIBLIOGRAPHY_PAGENUM_STYLE alpha 1258 1.1 christos </pre> 1259 1.1 christos 1260 1.1 christos <!---BIBLIO_FIRST_PAGENUMBER---> 1261 1.1 christos 1262 1.1 christos <a name="BIBLIO_FIRST_PAGENUMBER"><h3><u>*Setting the first page number of bibliography pages</u></h3></a> 1263 1.1 christos <p> 1264 1.1 christos <nobr>Macro: <strong>BIBILOGRAPHY_FIRST_PAGENUMBER</strong> <page # that appears on page 1 of bibliographies></nobr> 1265 1.1 christos 1266 1.1 christos <p> 1267 1.1 christos Use this macro with caution. If all bibliographies for several 1268 1.1 christos <a href="rectoverso.html#COLLATE">collated</a> 1269 1.1 christos documents are to be output at once, i.e. not at the end of each 1270 1.1 christos separate doc, <strong>BIBLIOGRAPHY_FIRST_PAGENUMBER</strong> tells 1271 1.1 christos <strong>mom</strong> what page number to put on the first page of 1272 1.1 christos the bibliography. 1273 1.1 christos <p> 1274 1.1 christos If you set <strong>BIBLIOGRAPHY_FIRST_PAGENUMBER</strong> in collated 1275 1.1 christos documents where the bibliographies are output after each separate doc, 1276 1.1 christos you have to reset every separate document's first page number after 1277 1.1 christos <a href="rectoverso.html#COLLATE">COLLATE</a> 1278 1.1 christos and before 1279 1.1 christos <a href="docprocessing.html#START">START</a>. 1280 1.1 christos <p> 1281 1.1 christos 1282 1.1 christos <!---BIBLIO_NO_FIRST_PAGENUN---> 1283 1.1 christos 1284 1.1 christos <a name="BIBLIO_NO_FIRST_PAGENUM"><h3><u>*Omitting a page number on the first page of bibliographies</u></h3></a> 1285 1.1 christos <p> 1286 1.1 christos <nobr>Macro: <strong>BIBLIOGRAPHY_NO_FIRST_PAGENUM</strong> <toggle></nobr> 1287 1.1 christos 1288 1.1 christos <p> 1289 1.1 christos This macro is for use only if <strong>FOOTERS</strong> are on. It 1290 1.1 christos tells 1291 1.1 christos <a href="#BIBLIOGRAPHY">BIBLIOGRAPHY</a> 1292 1.1 christos not to print a page number on the first bibliography page. 1293 1.1 christos <strong>Mom</strong>'s default is to print the page number. 1294 1.1 christos <p> 1295 1.1 christos 1296 1.1 christos <!---SUSPEND_PAGINATION---> 1297 1.1 christos 1298 1.1 christos <a name="SUSPEND_PAGINATION"><h3><u>*Suspending pagination of bibliography pages</u></h3></a> 1299 1.1 christos <p> 1300 1.1 christos Macro: <strong>SUSPEND_PAGINATION</strong> 1301 1.1 christos <br> 1302 1.1 christos Macro: <strong>RESTORE_PAGINATION</strong> 1303 1.1 christos 1304 1.1 christos <p> 1305 1.1 christos <strong>SUSPEND_PAGINATION</strong> doesn't take an argument. 1306 1.1 christos Invoked immediately prior to 1307 1.1 christos <a href="#BIBLIOGRAPHY">BIBLIOGRAPHY</a>, 1308 1.1 christos it turns off pagination for the duration of the bibliography. 1309 1.1 christos <strong>Mom</strong> continues, however to increment page numbers 1310 1.1 christos silently. 1311 1.1 christos <p> 1312 1.1 christos To restore normal document pagination after bibliographies, invoke 1313 1.1 christos <strong>RESTORE_PAGINATION</strong> (again, with no argument) 1314 1.1 christos immediately after you've finished with your bibliography. 1315 1.1 christos 1316 1.1 christos <a name="BIBLIO_HEADER_CONTROL"><h2><u>2. Bibliography page header/footer control</u></h2></a> 1317 1.1 christos <p> 1318 1.1 christos <a name="BIBLIO_MODIFY_HDRFTR"></a> 1319 1.1 christos If you wish to modify what appears in the header/footer that appears 1320 1.1 christos on bibliography pages, make the changes before you invoke 1321 1.1 christos <a href="#BIBLIOGRAPHY">BIBLIOGRAPHY</a>, 1322 1.1 christos not afterwards. 1323 1.1 christos <p> 1324 1.1 christos Except in the case of 1325 1.1 christos <a href="docprocessing.html#DOCTYPE">DOCTYPE CHAPTER</a>, 1326 1.1 christos <strong>mom</strong> prints the same header or footer used throughout 1327 1.1 christos the document on bibliography pages. Chapters get treated differently 1328 1.1 christos in that, by default, <strong>mom</strong> does not print the 1329 1.1 christos header/footer centre string (normally the chapter number or chapter 1330 1.1 christos title.) In most cases, this is what you want. However, should you 1331 1.1 christos <em>not</em> want <strong>mom</strong> to remove the centre string from 1332 1.1 christos the bibliography pages headers/footers, invoke 1333 1.1 christos <a href="#BIBLIOGRAPHY_HDRFTR_CENTER">BIBLIOGRAPHY_HEADER_CENTER</a> 1334 1.1 christos with no argument. 1335 1.1 christos <p> 1336 1.1 christos An important change you may want to make is to put the word 1337 1.1 christos "Bibliography" in the header/footer centre position. 1338 1.1 christos To do so, do 1339 1.1 christos <p> 1340 1.1 christos <pre> 1341 1.1 christos .HEADER_CENTER "Bibliography" 1342 1.1 christos or 1343 1.1 christos .FOOTER_CENTER "Bibliography" 1344 1.1 christos </pre> 1345 1.1 christos 1346 1.1 christos prior to invoking <strong>.BIBLIOGRAPHY</strong>. If your 1347 1.1 christos <a href="docprocessing.html#DOCTYPE">DOCTYPE</a> 1348 1.1 christos is <kbd>CHAPTER</kbd>, you must also invoke 1349 1.1 christos <a href="#BIBLIOGRAPHY_HDRFTR_CENTER">BIBLIOGRAPHY_HEADER_CENTER</a> 1350 1.1 christos for the <strong>HEADER_CENTER</strong> to appear. 1351 1.1 christos <p> 1352 1.1 christos 1353 1.1 christos <a name="BIBLIO_HDRFTR_CENTER"><h3><u>*Bibliography page header/footer centre string</u></h3></a> 1354 1.1 christos <p> 1355 1.1 christos <nobr>Macro: <strong>BIBLIOGRAPHY_HEADER_CENTER</strong> toggle</nobr> 1356 1.1 christos 1357 1.1 christos <p> 1358 1.1 christos If your 1359 1.1 christos <a href="docprocessing.html#DOCTYPE">DOCTYPE</a> 1360 1.1 christos is <kbd>CHAPTER</kbd> and you want <strong>mom</strong> to include 1361 1.1 christos a centre string in the headers/footers that appear on bibliography pages, 1362 1.1 christos invoke <strong>BIBLIOGRAPHY_HEADER_CENTER</strong> (or 1363 1.1 christos <strong>BIBLIOGRAPHY_FOOTER_CENTER</strong>) with no argument. 1364 1.1 christos <strong>Mom</strong>'s default is NOT to print the centre string. 1365 1.1 christos <p> 1366 1.1 christos If, for some reason, having enabled the header/footer centre string 1367 1.1 christos on bibliography pages, you wish to disable it, invoke the same macro 1368 1.1 christos with any argument (<strong>OFF, QUIT, Q, X</strong>...). 1369 1.1 christos <p> 1370 1.1 christos 1371 1.1 christos <a name="BIBLIO_ALLOWS_HEADERS"><h3><u>*Allow headers on bibliography pages</u></h3></a> 1372 1.1 christos <p> 1373 1.1 christos <nobr>Macro: <strong>BIBLIOGRAPHY_ALLOWS_HEADERS</strong> <none> | ALL</nobr> 1374 1.1 christos 1375 1.1 christos <p> 1376 1.1 christos By default, if <strong>HEADERS</strong> are on, <strong>mom</strong> 1377 1.1 christos prints page headers on all bibliography pages except the first. If you 1378 1.1 christos don't want her to print headers on bibliography pages, do 1379 1.1 christos <p> 1380 1.1 christos <pre> 1381 1.1 christos .BIBLIOGRAPHY_ALLOWS_HEADERS OFF 1382 1.1 christos </pre> 1383 1.1 christos 1384 1.1 christos If you want headers on every page <em>including the first</em>, do 1385 1.1 christos <p> 1386 1.1 christos <pre> 1387 1.1 christos .BIBLIOGRAPHY_ALLOWS_HEADERS ALL 1388 1.1 christos </pre> 1389 1.1 christos 1390 1.1 christos <strong>NOTE:</strong> If <strong>FOOTERS</strong> are on, 1391 1.1 christos <strong>mom</strong> prints footers on every bibliography page. This is 1392 1.1 christos a style convention. In <strong>mom</strong>, there is no such beast 1393 1.1 christos as <strong>BIBLIOGRAPHY_ALLOWS_FOOTERS OFF</strong>. 1394 1.1 christos <p> 1395 1.1 christos 1396 1.1 christos <a name="BIBLIO_MAIN_TITLE"><h2><u>3. Bibliography page first page head (title) control</u></h2> 1397 1.1 christos 1398 1.1 christos <!---BIBLIO_STRING---> 1399 1.1 christos 1400 1.1 christos <a name="BIBLIO_STRING"><h3><u>*Bibliography pages first page head (title) string</u></h3></a> 1401 1.1 christos <p> 1402 1.1 christos <nobr>Macro: <strong>BIBLIOGRAPHY_STRING</strong> "<head to print at the top of bibliography pages>"</nobr> 1403 1.1 christos 1404 1.1 christos <p> 1405 1.1 christos By default, <strong>mom</strong> prints the word "BIBLIOGRAPHY" 1406 1.1 christos as a head at the top of the first page of a bibliography. If you want her 1407 1.1 christos to print something else, invoke <strong>BIBLIOGRAPHY_STRING</strong> with 1408 1.1 christos the bibliography page head you want, surrounded by double-quotes. If 1409 1.1 christos you don't want a head at the top of the first bibliography page, invoke 1410 1.1 christos <strong>BIBLIOGRAPHY_STRING</strong> with a blank argument (either two 1411 1.1 christos double-quotes side by side -- <kbd>""</kbd> -- or no argument 1412 1.1 christos at all). 1413 1.1 christos <p> 1414 1.1 christos 1415 1.1 christos <!---BIBLIO_STRING_CONTROL---> 1416 1.1 christos 1417 1.1 christos <a name="BIBLIO_STRING_CONTROL"><h3><u>*Bibliography page first page head (title) control</u></h3></a> 1418 1.1 christos <p> 1419 1.1 christos See 1420 1.1 christos <a href="#CONTROL_MACRO_ARGS">Arguments to the control macros</a>. 1421 1.1 christos <p> 1422 1.1 christos <pre> 1423 1.1 christos .BIBLIOGRAPHY_STRING_FAMILY default = prevailing document family; default is Times Roman 1424 1.1 christos .BIBLIOGRAPHY_STRING_FONT default = bold 1425 1.1 christos .BIBLIOGRAPHY_STRING_SIZE* default = +1 1426 1.1 christos .BIBLIOGRAPHY_STRING_QUAD default = centred 1427 1.1 christos 1428 1.1 christos *Relative to the size of the bibliography text (set with BIBLIOGRAPHY_PT_SIZE) 1429 1.1 christos </pre> 1430 1.1 christos 1431 1.1 christos <!---BIBLIO_STRING_UNDERSCORE---> 1432 1.1 christos 1433 1.1 christos <a name="BIBLIO_STRING_UNDERSCORE"><h3><u>*Bibliography-page head (title) underscoring</h3></u></a> 1434 1.1 christos <p> 1435 1.1 christos <nobr>Macro: <strong>BIBLIOGRAPHY_STRING_UNDERSCORE</strong> toggle | 2</nobr> 1436 1.1 christos 1437 1.1 christos <p> 1438 1.1 christos Invoked by itself, <strong>BIBLIOGRAPHY_STRING_UNDERSCORE</strong> will 1439 1.1 christos underscore the bibliography page head. Invoked with the argument 2 1440 1.1 christos (i.e. the digit 2), <strong>BIBLIOGRAPHY_STRING_UNDERSCORE</strong> will 1441 1.1 christos double-underscore the head. Invoked with any other argument, the macro 1442 1.1 christos disables underscoring of the head. 1443 1.1 christos <p> 1444 1.1 christos <strong>Mom</strong>'s default is to double-underscore the 1445 1.1 christos head, therefore if you want no underscoring, you must insert 1446 1.1 christos <kbd>.BIBLIOGRAPHY_STRING_UNDERSCORE OFF</kbd> (or <kbd>QUIT, X, NO, 1447 1.1 christos NONE,</kbd> etc.) into your document prior to outputting a 1448 1.1 christos bibliography with 1449 1.1 christos <a href="#BIBLIOGRAPHY">BIBLIOGRAPHY</a>. 1450 1.1 christos 1451 1.1 christos <!---BIBLIO_STRING_CAPS---> 1452 1.1 christos 1453 1.1 christos <a name="BIBLIO_STRING_CAPS"><h3><u>*Bibliography-page head (title) automatic capitalization</h3></u></a> 1454 1.1 christos <p> 1455 1.1 christos <nobr>Macro: <strong>BIBLIOGRAPHY_STRING_CAPS</strong> toggle</nobr> 1456 1.1 christos 1457 1.1 christos <p> 1458 1.1 christos Invoked by itself, <strong>BIBLIOGRAPHY_STRING_CAPS</strong> will 1459 1.1 christos automatically capitalize the bibliography page head. Invoked with any 1460 1.1 christos other argument, the macro disables automatic capitalization of the 1461 1.1 christos head. 1462 1.1 christos <p> 1463 1.1 christos If you're generating a table of contents, you may want the 1464 1.1 christos bibliography page head string in caps, but the toc entry in caps/lower 1465 1.1 christos case. If the argument to 1466 1.1 christos <a href="#BIBLIOGRAPHY_STRING">BIBLIOGRAPHY_STRING</a> 1467 1.1 christos is in caps/lower case and <strong>BIBLIOGRAPHY_STRING_CAPS</strong> is 1468 1.1 christos on, this is exactly what will happen. 1469 1.1 christos <p> 1470 1.1 christos <strong>Mom</strong>'s default is to capitalize the bibliography-page 1471 1.1 christos head string. 1472 1.1 christos <p> 1473 1.1 christos 1474 1.1 christos <br> 1475 1.1 christos 1476 1.1 christos <hr> 1477 1.1 christos <a href="letter.html#TOP">Next</a> 1478 1.1 christos <a href="cover.html#TOP">Prev</a> 1479 1.1 christos <a href="#TOP">Top</a> 1480 1.1 christos <a href="toc.html">Back to Table of Contents</a> 1481 1.1 christos </body> 1482 1.1 christos </html> 1483
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