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floatformat.c revision 1.7
      1 /* IEEE floating point support routines, for GDB, the GNU Debugger.
      2    Copyright (C) 1991-2020 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
      3 
      4 This file is part of GDB.
      5 
      6 This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
      7 it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
      8 the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
      9 (at your option) any later version.
     10 
     11 This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
     12 but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
     13 MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
     14 GNU General Public License for more details.
     15 
     16 You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
     17 along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
     18 Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street - Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301, USA.  */
     19 
     20 /* This is needed to pick up the NAN macro on some systems.  */
     21 #ifndef _GNU_SOURCE
     22 #define _GNU_SOURCE
     23 #endif
     24 
     25 #ifdef HAVE_CONFIG_H
     26 #include "config.h"
     27 #endif
     28 
     29 #include <math.h>
     30 
     31 #ifdef HAVE_STRING_H
     32 #include <string.h>
     33 #endif
     34 
     35 /* On some platforms, <float.h> provides DBL_QNAN.  */
     36 #ifdef STDC_HEADERS
     37 #include <float.h>
     38 #endif
     39 
     40 #include "ansidecl.h"
     41 #include "libiberty.h"
     42 #include "floatformat.h"
     43 
     44 #ifndef INFINITY
     45 #ifdef HUGE_VAL
     46 #define INFINITY HUGE_VAL
     47 #else
     48 #define INFINITY (1.0 / 0.0)
     49 #endif
     50 #endif
     51 
     52 #ifndef NAN
     53 #ifdef DBL_QNAN
     54 #define NAN DBL_QNAN
     55 #else
     56 #define NAN (0.0 / 0.0)
     57 #endif
     58 #endif
     59 
     60 static int mant_bits_set (const struct floatformat *, const unsigned char *);
     61 static unsigned long get_field (const unsigned char *,
     62                                 enum floatformat_byteorders,
     63                                 unsigned int,
     64                                 unsigned int,
     65                                 unsigned int);
     66 static int floatformat_always_valid (const struct floatformat *fmt,
     67                                      const void *from);
     68 
     69 static int
     70 floatformat_always_valid (const struct floatformat *fmt ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED,
     71                           const void *from ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED)
     72 {
     73   return 1;
     74 }
     75 
     76 /* The odds that CHAR_BIT will be anything but 8 are low enough that I'm not
     77    going to bother with trying to muck around with whether it is defined in
     78    a system header, what we do if not, etc.  */
     79 #define FLOATFORMAT_CHAR_BIT 8
     80 
     81 /* floatformats for IEEE half, single and double, big and little endian.  */
     82 const struct floatformat floatformat_ieee_half_big =
     83 {
     84   floatformat_big, 16, 0, 1, 5, 15, 31, 6, 10,
     85   floatformat_intbit_no,
     86   "floatformat_ieee_half_big",
     87   floatformat_always_valid,
     88   NULL
     89 };
     90 const struct floatformat floatformat_ieee_half_little =
     91 {
     92   floatformat_little, 16, 0, 1, 5, 15, 31, 6, 10,
     93   floatformat_intbit_no,
     94   "floatformat_ieee_half_little",
     95   floatformat_always_valid,
     96   NULL
     97 };
     98 const struct floatformat floatformat_ieee_single_big =
     99 {
    100   floatformat_big, 32, 0, 1, 8, 127, 255, 9, 23,
    101   floatformat_intbit_no,
    102   "floatformat_ieee_single_big",
    103   floatformat_always_valid,
    104   NULL
    105 };
    106 const struct floatformat floatformat_ieee_single_little =
    107 {
    108   floatformat_little, 32, 0, 1, 8, 127, 255, 9, 23,
    109   floatformat_intbit_no,
    110   "floatformat_ieee_single_little",
    111   floatformat_always_valid,
    112   NULL
    113 };
    114 const struct floatformat floatformat_ieee_double_big =
    115 {
    116   floatformat_big, 64, 0, 1, 11, 1023, 2047, 12, 52,
    117   floatformat_intbit_no,
    118   "floatformat_ieee_double_big",
    119   floatformat_always_valid,
    120   NULL
    121 };
    122 const struct floatformat floatformat_ieee_double_little =
    123 {
    124   floatformat_little, 64, 0, 1, 11, 1023, 2047, 12, 52,
    125   floatformat_intbit_no,
    126   "floatformat_ieee_double_little",
    127   floatformat_always_valid,
    128   NULL
    129 };
    130 
    131 /* floatformat for IEEE double, little endian byte order, with big endian word
    132    ordering, as on the ARM.  */
    133 
    134 const struct floatformat floatformat_ieee_double_littlebyte_bigword =
    135 {
    136   floatformat_littlebyte_bigword, 64, 0, 1, 11, 1023, 2047, 12, 52,
    137   floatformat_intbit_no,
    138   "floatformat_ieee_double_littlebyte_bigword",
    139   floatformat_always_valid,
    140   NULL
    141 };
    142 
    143 /* floatformat for VAX.  Not quite IEEE, but close enough.  */
    144 
    145 const struct floatformat floatformat_vax_f =
    146 {
    147   floatformat_vax, 32, 0, 1, 8, 129, 0, 9, 23,
    148   floatformat_intbit_no,
    149   "floatformat_vax_f",
    150   floatformat_always_valid,
    151   NULL
    152 };
    153 const struct floatformat floatformat_vax_d =
    154 {
    155   floatformat_vax, 64, 0, 1, 8, 129, 0, 9, 55,
    156   floatformat_intbit_no,
    157   "floatformat_vax_d",
    158   floatformat_always_valid,
    159   NULL
    160 };
    161 const struct floatformat floatformat_vax_g =
    162 {
    163   floatformat_vax, 64, 0, 1, 11, 1025, 0, 12, 52,
    164   floatformat_intbit_no,
    165   "floatformat_vax_g",
    166   floatformat_always_valid,
    167   NULL
    168 };
    169 
    170 static int floatformat_i387_ext_is_valid (const struct floatformat *fmt,
    171 					  const void *from);
    172 
    173 static int
    174 floatformat_i387_ext_is_valid (const struct floatformat *fmt, const void *from)
    175 {
    176   /* In the i387 double-extended format, if the exponent is all ones,
    177      then the integer bit must be set.  If the exponent is neither 0
    178      nor ~0, the intbit must also be set.  Only if the exponent is
    179      zero can it be zero, and then it must be zero.  */
    180   unsigned long exponent, int_bit;
    181   const unsigned char *ufrom = (const unsigned char *) from;
    182 
    183   exponent = get_field (ufrom, fmt->byteorder, fmt->totalsize,
    184 			fmt->exp_start, fmt->exp_len);
    185   int_bit = get_field (ufrom, fmt->byteorder, fmt->totalsize,
    186 		       fmt->man_start, 1);
    187 
    188   if ((exponent == 0) != (int_bit == 0))
    189     return 0;
    190   else
    191     return 1;
    192 }
    193 
    194 const struct floatformat floatformat_i387_ext =
    195 {
    196   floatformat_little, 80, 0, 1, 15, 0x3fff, 0x7fff, 16, 64,
    197   floatformat_intbit_yes,
    198   "floatformat_i387_ext",
    199   floatformat_i387_ext_is_valid,
    200   NULL
    201 };
    202 const struct floatformat floatformat_m68881_ext =
    203 {
    204   /* Note that the bits from 16 to 31 are unused.  */
    205   floatformat_big, 96, 0, 1, 15, 0x3fff, 0x7fff, 32, 64,
    206   floatformat_intbit_yes,
    207   "floatformat_m68881_ext",
    208   floatformat_always_valid,
    209   NULL
    210 };
    211 const struct floatformat floatformat_i960_ext =
    212 {
    213   /* Note that the bits from 0 to 15 are unused.  */
    214   floatformat_little, 96, 16, 17, 15, 0x3fff, 0x7fff, 32, 64,
    215   floatformat_intbit_yes,
    216   "floatformat_i960_ext",
    217   floatformat_always_valid,
    218   NULL
    219 };
    220 const struct floatformat floatformat_m88110_ext =
    221 {
    222   floatformat_big, 80, 0, 1, 15, 0x3fff, 0x7fff, 16, 64,
    223   floatformat_intbit_yes,
    224   "floatformat_m88110_ext",
    225   floatformat_always_valid,
    226   NULL
    227 };
    228 const struct floatformat floatformat_m88110_harris_ext =
    229 {
    230   /* Harris uses raw format 128 bytes long, but the number is just an ieee
    231      double, and the last 64 bits are wasted. */
    232   floatformat_big,128, 0, 1, 11,  0x3ff,  0x7ff, 12, 52,
    233   floatformat_intbit_no,
    234   "floatformat_m88110_ext_harris",
    235   floatformat_always_valid,
    236   NULL
    237 };
    238 const struct floatformat floatformat_arm_ext_big =
    239 {
    240   /* Bits 1 to 16 are unused.  */
    241   floatformat_big, 96, 0, 17, 15, 0x3fff, 0x7fff, 32, 64,
    242   floatformat_intbit_yes,
    243   "floatformat_arm_ext_big",
    244   floatformat_always_valid,
    245   NULL
    246 };
    247 const struct floatformat floatformat_arm_ext_littlebyte_bigword =
    248 {
    249   /* Bits 1 to 16 are unused.  */
    250   floatformat_littlebyte_bigword, 96, 0, 17, 15, 0x3fff, 0x7fff, 32, 64,
    251   floatformat_intbit_yes,
    252   "floatformat_arm_ext_littlebyte_bigword",
    253   floatformat_always_valid,
    254   NULL
    255 };
    256 const struct floatformat floatformat_ia64_spill_big =
    257 {
    258   floatformat_big, 128, 0, 1, 17, 65535, 0x1ffff, 18, 64,
    259   floatformat_intbit_yes,
    260   "floatformat_ia64_spill_big",
    261   floatformat_always_valid,
    262   NULL
    263 };
    264 const struct floatformat floatformat_ia64_spill_little =
    265 {
    266   floatformat_little, 128, 0, 1, 17, 65535, 0x1ffff, 18, 64,
    267   floatformat_intbit_yes,
    268   "floatformat_ia64_spill_little",
    269   floatformat_always_valid,
    270   NULL
    271 };
    272 const struct floatformat floatformat_ia64_quad_big =
    273 {
    274   floatformat_big, 128, 0, 1, 15, 16383, 0x7fff, 16, 112,
    275   floatformat_intbit_no,
    276   "floatformat_ia64_quad_big",
    277   floatformat_always_valid,
    278   NULL
    279 };
    280 const struct floatformat floatformat_ia64_quad_little =
    281 {
    282   floatformat_little, 128, 0, 1, 15, 16383, 0x7fff, 16, 112,
    283   floatformat_intbit_no,
    284   "floatformat_ia64_quad_little",
    285   floatformat_always_valid,
    286   NULL
    287 };
    288 
    289 static int
    290 floatformat_ibm_long_double_is_valid (const struct floatformat *fmt,
    291 				      const void *from)
    292 {
    293   const unsigned char *ufrom = (const unsigned char *) from;
    294   const struct floatformat *hfmt = fmt->split_half;
    295   long top_exp, bot_exp;
    296   int top_nan = 0;
    297 
    298   top_exp = get_field (ufrom, hfmt->byteorder, hfmt->totalsize,
    299 		       hfmt->exp_start, hfmt->exp_len);
    300   bot_exp = get_field (ufrom + 8, hfmt->byteorder, hfmt->totalsize,
    301 		       hfmt->exp_start, hfmt->exp_len);
    302 
    303   if ((unsigned long) top_exp == hfmt->exp_nan)
    304     top_nan = mant_bits_set (hfmt, ufrom);
    305 
    306   /* A NaN is valid with any low part.  */
    307   if (top_nan)
    308     return 1;
    309 
    310   /* An infinity, zero or denormal requires low part 0 (positive or
    311      negative).  */
    312   if ((unsigned long) top_exp == hfmt->exp_nan || top_exp == 0)
    313     {
    314       if (bot_exp != 0)
    315 	return 0;
    316 
    317       return !mant_bits_set (hfmt, ufrom + 8);
    318     }
    319 
    320   /* The top part is now a finite normal value.  The long double value
    321      is the sum of the two parts, and the top part must equal the
    322      result of rounding the long double value to nearest double.  Thus
    323      the bottom part must be <= 0.5ulp of the top part in absolute
    324      value, and if it is < 0.5ulp then the long double is definitely
    325      valid.  */
    326   if (bot_exp < top_exp - 53)
    327     return 1;
    328   if (bot_exp > top_exp - 53 && bot_exp != 0)
    329     return 0;
    330   if (bot_exp == 0)
    331     {
    332       /* The bottom part is 0 or denormal.  Determine which, and if
    333 	 denormal the first two set bits.  */
    334       int first_bit = -1, second_bit = -1, cur_bit;
    335       for (cur_bit = 0; (unsigned int) cur_bit < hfmt->man_len; cur_bit++)
    336 	if (get_field (ufrom + 8, hfmt->byteorder, hfmt->totalsize,
    337 		       hfmt->man_start + cur_bit, 1))
    338 	  {
    339 	    if (first_bit == -1)
    340 	      first_bit = cur_bit;
    341 	    else
    342 	      {
    343 		second_bit = cur_bit;
    344 		break;
    345 	      }
    346 	  }
    347       /* Bottom part 0 is OK.  */
    348       if (first_bit == -1)
    349 	return 1;
    350       /* The real exponent of the bottom part is -first_bit.  */
    351       if (-first_bit < top_exp - 53)
    352 	return 1;
    353       if (-first_bit > top_exp - 53)
    354 	return 0;
    355       /* The bottom part is at least 0.5ulp of the top part.  For this
    356 	 to be OK, the bottom part must be exactly 0.5ulp (i.e. no
    357 	 more bits set) and the top part must have last bit 0.  */
    358       if (second_bit != -1)
    359 	return 0;
    360       return !get_field (ufrom, hfmt->byteorder, hfmt->totalsize,
    361 			 hfmt->man_start + hfmt->man_len - 1, 1);
    362     }
    363   else
    364     {
    365       /* The bottom part is at least 0.5ulp of the top part.  For this
    366 	 to be OK, it must be exactly 0.5ulp (i.e. no explicit bits
    367 	 set) and the top part must have last bit 0.  */
    368       if (get_field (ufrom, hfmt->byteorder, hfmt->totalsize,
    369 		     hfmt->man_start + hfmt->man_len - 1, 1))
    370 	return 0;
    371       return !mant_bits_set (hfmt, ufrom + 8);
    372     }
    373 }
    374 
    375 const struct floatformat floatformat_ibm_long_double_big =
    376 {
    377   floatformat_big, 128, 0, 1, 11, 1023, 2047, 12, 52,
    378   floatformat_intbit_no,
    379   "floatformat_ibm_long_double_big",
    380   floatformat_ibm_long_double_is_valid,
    381   &floatformat_ieee_double_big
    382 };
    383 
    384 const struct floatformat floatformat_ibm_long_double_little =
    385 {
    386   floatformat_little, 128, 0, 1, 11, 1023, 2047, 12, 52,
    387   floatformat_intbit_no,
    388   "floatformat_ibm_long_double_little",
    389   floatformat_ibm_long_double_is_valid,
    390   &floatformat_ieee_double_little
    391 };
    392 
    393 
    395 #ifndef min
    396 #define min(a, b) ((a) < (b) ? (a) : (b))
    397 #endif
    398 
    399 /* Return 1 if any bits are explicitly set in the mantissa of UFROM,
    400    format FMT, 0 otherwise.  */
    401 static int
    402 mant_bits_set (const struct floatformat *fmt, const unsigned char *ufrom)
    403 {
    404   unsigned int mant_bits, mant_off;
    405   int mant_bits_left;
    406 
    407   mant_off = fmt->man_start;
    408   mant_bits_left = fmt->man_len;
    409   while (mant_bits_left > 0)
    410     {
    411       mant_bits = min (mant_bits_left, 32);
    412 
    413       if (get_field (ufrom, fmt->byteorder, fmt->totalsize,
    414 		     mant_off, mant_bits) != 0)
    415 	return 1;
    416 
    417       mant_off += mant_bits;
    418       mant_bits_left -= mant_bits;
    419     }
    420   return 0;
    421 }
    422 
    423 /* Extract a field which starts at START and is LEN bits long.  DATA and
    424    TOTAL_LEN are the thing we are extracting it from, in byteorder ORDER.  */
    425 static unsigned long
    426 get_field (const unsigned char *data, enum floatformat_byteorders order,
    427            unsigned int total_len, unsigned int start, unsigned int len)
    428 {
    429   unsigned long result = 0;
    430   unsigned int cur_byte;
    431   int lo_bit, hi_bit, cur_bitshift = 0;
    432   int nextbyte = (order == floatformat_little) ? 1 : -1;
    433 
    434   /* Start is in big-endian bit order!  Fix that first.  */
    435   start = total_len - (start + len);
    436 
    437   /* Start at the least significant part of the field.  */
    438   if (order == floatformat_little)
    439     cur_byte = start / FLOATFORMAT_CHAR_BIT;
    440   else
    441     cur_byte = (total_len - start - 1) / FLOATFORMAT_CHAR_BIT;
    442 
    443   lo_bit = start % FLOATFORMAT_CHAR_BIT;
    444   hi_bit = min (lo_bit + len, FLOATFORMAT_CHAR_BIT);
    445 
    446   do
    447     {
    448       unsigned int shifted = *(data + cur_byte) >> lo_bit;
    449       unsigned int bits = hi_bit - lo_bit;
    450       unsigned int mask = (1 << bits) - 1;
    451       result |= (shifted & mask) << cur_bitshift;
    452       len -= bits;
    453       cur_bitshift += bits;
    454       cur_byte += nextbyte;
    455       lo_bit = 0;
    456       hi_bit = min (len, FLOATFORMAT_CHAR_BIT);
    457     }
    458   while (len != 0);
    459 
    460   return result;
    461 }
    462 
    463 /* Convert from FMT to a double.
    464    FROM is the address of the extended float.
    465    Store the double in *TO.  */
    466 
    467 void
    468 floatformat_to_double (const struct floatformat *fmt,
    469                        const void *from, double *to)
    470 {
    471   const unsigned char *ufrom = (const unsigned char *) from;
    472   double dto;
    473   long exponent;
    474   unsigned long mant;
    475   unsigned int mant_bits, mant_off;
    476   int mant_bits_left;
    477 
    478   /* Split values are not handled specially, since the top half has
    479      the correctly rounded double value (in the only supported case of
    480      split values).  */
    481 
    482   exponent = get_field (ufrom, fmt->byteorder, fmt->totalsize,
    483 			fmt->exp_start, fmt->exp_len);
    484 
    485   /* If the exponent indicates a NaN, we don't have information to
    486      decide what to do.  So we handle it like IEEE, except that we
    487      don't try to preserve the type of NaN.  FIXME.  */
    488   if ((unsigned long) exponent == fmt->exp_nan)
    489     {
    490       int nan = mant_bits_set (fmt, ufrom);
    491 
    492       /* On certain systems (such as GNU/Linux), the use of the
    493 	 INFINITY macro below may generate a warning that cannot be
    494 	 silenced due to a bug in GCC (PR preprocessor/11931).  The
    495 	 preprocessor fails to recognise the __extension__ keyword in
    496 	 conjunction with the GNU/C99 extension for hexadecimal
    497 	 floating point constants and will issue a warning when
    498 	 compiling with -pedantic.  */
    499       if (nan)
    500 	dto = NAN;
    501       else
    502 #ifdef __vax__
    503 	dto = HUGE_VAL;
    504 #else
    505 	dto = INFINITY;
    506 #endif
    507 
    508       if (get_field (ufrom, fmt->byteorder, fmt->totalsize, fmt->sign_start, 1))
    509 	dto = -dto;
    510 
    511       *to = dto;
    512 
    513       return;
    514     }
    515 
    516   mant_bits_left = fmt->man_len;
    517   mant_off = fmt->man_start;
    518   dto = 0.0;
    519 
    520   /* Build the result algebraically.  Might go infinite, underflow, etc;
    521      who cares. */
    522 
    523   /* For denorms use minimum exponent.  */
    524   if (exponent == 0)
    525     exponent = 1 - fmt->exp_bias;
    526   else
    527     {
    528       exponent -= fmt->exp_bias;
    529 
    530       /* If this format uses a hidden bit, explicitly add it in now.
    531 	 Otherwise, increment the exponent by one to account for the
    532 	 integer bit.  */
    533 
    534       if (fmt->intbit == floatformat_intbit_no)
    535 	dto = ldexp (1.0, exponent);
    536       else
    537 	exponent++;
    538     }
    539 
    540   while (mant_bits_left > 0)
    541     {
    542       mant_bits = min (mant_bits_left, 32);
    543 
    544       mant = get_field (ufrom, fmt->byteorder, fmt->totalsize,
    545 			 mant_off, mant_bits);
    546 
    547       dto += ldexp ((double) mant, exponent - mant_bits);
    548       exponent -= mant_bits;
    549       mant_off += mant_bits;
    550       mant_bits_left -= mant_bits;
    551     }
    552 
    553   /* Negate it if negative.  */
    554   if (get_field (ufrom, fmt->byteorder, fmt->totalsize, fmt->sign_start, 1))
    555     dto = -dto;
    556   *to = dto;
    557 }
    558 
    559 static void put_field (unsigned char *, enum floatformat_byteorders,
    561                        unsigned int,
    562                        unsigned int,
    563                        unsigned int,
    564                        unsigned long);
    565 
    566 /* Set a field which starts at START and is LEN bits long.  DATA and
    567    TOTAL_LEN are the thing we are extracting it from, in byteorder ORDER.  */
    568 static void
    569 put_field (unsigned char *data, enum floatformat_byteorders order,
    570            unsigned int total_len, unsigned int start, unsigned int len,
    571            unsigned long stuff_to_put)
    572 {
    573   unsigned int cur_byte;
    574   int lo_bit, hi_bit;
    575   int nextbyte = (order == floatformat_little) ? 1 : -1;
    576 
    577   /* Start is in big-endian bit order!  Fix that first.  */
    578   start = total_len - (start + len);
    579 
    580   /* Start at the least significant part of the field.  */
    581   if (order == floatformat_little)
    582     cur_byte = start / FLOATFORMAT_CHAR_BIT;
    583   else
    584     cur_byte = (total_len - start - 1) / FLOATFORMAT_CHAR_BIT;
    585 
    586   lo_bit = start % FLOATFORMAT_CHAR_BIT;
    587   hi_bit = min (lo_bit + len, FLOATFORMAT_CHAR_BIT);
    588 
    589   do
    590     {
    591       unsigned char *byte_ptr = data + cur_byte;
    592       unsigned int bits = hi_bit - lo_bit;
    593       unsigned int mask = ((1 << bits) - 1) << lo_bit;
    594       *byte_ptr = (*byte_ptr & ~mask) | ((stuff_to_put << lo_bit) & mask);
    595       stuff_to_put >>= bits;
    596       len -= bits;
    597       cur_byte += nextbyte;
    598       lo_bit = 0;
    599       hi_bit = min (len, FLOATFORMAT_CHAR_BIT);
    600     }
    601   while (len != 0);
    602 }
    603 
    604 /* The converse: convert the double *FROM to an extended float
    605    and store where TO points.  Neither FROM nor TO have any alignment
    606    restrictions.  */
    607 
    608 void
    609 floatformat_from_double (const struct floatformat *fmt,
    610                          const double *from, void *to)
    611 {
    612   double dfrom;
    613   int exponent;
    614   double mant;
    615   unsigned int mant_bits, mant_off;
    616   int mant_bits_left;
    617   unsigned char *uto = (unsigned char *) to;
    618 
    619   dfrom = *from;
    620   memset (uto, 0, fmt->totalsize / FLOATFORMAT_CHAR_BIT);
    621 
    622   /* Split values are not handled specially, since a bottom half of
    623      zero is correct for any value representable as double (in the
    624      only supported case of split values).  */
    625 
    626   /* If negative, set the sign bit.  */
    627   if (dfrom < 0)
    628     {
    629       put_field (uto, fmt->byteorder, fmt->totalsize, fmt->sign_start, 1, 1);
    630       dfrom = -dfrom;
    631     }
    632 
    633   if (dfrom == 0)
    634     {
    635       /* 0.0.  */
    636       return;
    637     }
    638 
    639   if (dfrom != dfrom)
    640     {
    641       /* NaN.  */
    642       put_field (uto, fmt->byteorder, fmt->totalsize, fmt->exp_start,
    643 		 fmt->exp_len, fmt->exp_nan);
    644       /* Be sure it's not infinity, but NaN value is irrelevant.  */
    645       put_field (uto, fmt->byteorder, fmt->totalsize, fmt->man_start,
    646 		 32, 1);
    647       return;
    648     }
    649 
    650   if (dfrom + dfrom == dfrom)
    651     {
    652       /* This can only happen for an infinite value (or zero, which we
    653 	 already handled above).  */
    654       put_field (uto, fmt->byteorder, fmt->totalsize, fmt->exp_start,
    655 		 fmt->exp_len, fmt->exp_nan);
    656       return;
    657     }
    658 
    659   mant = frexp (dfrom, &exponent);
    660   if (exponent + fmt->exp_bias - 1 > 0)
    661     put_field (uto, fmt->byteorder, fmt->totalsize, fmt->exp_start,
    662 	       fmt->exp_len, exponent + fmt->exp_bias - 1);
    663   else
    664     {
    665       /* Handle a denormalized number.  FIXME: What should we do for
    666 	 non-IEEE formats?  */
    667       put_field (uto, fmt->byteorder, fmt->totalsize, fmt->exp_start,
    668 		 fmt->exp_len, 0);
    669       mant = ldexp (mant, exponent + fmt->exp_bias - 1);
    670     }
    671 
    672   mant_bits_left = fmt->man_len;
    673   mant_off = fmt->man_start;
    674   while (mant_bits_left > 0)
    675     {
    676       unsigned long mant_long;
    677       mant_bits = mant_bits_left < 32 ? mant_bits_left : 32;
    678 
    679       mant *= 4294967296.0;
    680       mant_long = (unsigned long)mant;
    681       mant -= mant_long;
    682 
    683       /* If the integer bit is implicit, and we are not creating a
    684 	 denormalized number, then we need to discard it.  */
    685       if ((unsigned int) mant_bits_left == fmt->man_len
    686 	  && fmt->intbit == floatformat_intbit_no
    687 	  && exponent + fmt->exp_bias - 1 > 0)
    688 	{
    689 	  mant_long &= 0x7fffffff;
    690 	  mant_bits -= 1;
    691 	}
    692       else if (mant_bits < 32)
    693 	{
    694 	  /* The bits we want are in the most significant MANT_BITS bits of
    695 	     mant_long.  Move them to the least significant.  */
    696 	  mant_long >>= 32 - mant_bits;
    697 	}
    698 
    699       put_field (uto, fmt->byteorder, fmt->totalsize,
    700 		 mant_off, mant_bits, mant_long);
    701       mant_off += mant_bits;
    702       mant_bits_left -= mant_bits;
    703     }
    704 }
    705 
    706 /* Return non-zero iff the data at FROM is a valid number in format FMT.  */
    707 
    708 int
    709 floatformat_is_valid (const struct floatformat *fmt, const void *from)
    710 {
    711   return fmt->is_valid (fmt, from);
    712 }
    713 
    714 
    715 #ifdef IEEE_DEBUG
    716 
    717 #include <stdio.h>
    718 
    719 /* This is to be run on a host which uses IEEE floating point.  */
    720 
    721 void
    722 ieee_test (double n)
    723 {
    724   double result;
    725 
    726   floatformat_to_double (&floatformat_ieee_double_little, &n, &result);
    727   if ((n != result && (! isnan (n) || ! isnan (result)))
    728       || (n < 0 && result >= 0)
    729       || (n >= 0 && result < 0))
    730     printf ("Differ(to): %.20g -> %.20g\n", n, result);
    731 
    732   floatformat_from_double (&floatformat_ieee_double_little, &n, &result);
    733   if ((n != result && (! isnan (n) || ! isnan (result)))
    734       || (n < 0 && result >= 0)
    735       || (n >= 0 && result < 0))
    736     printf ("Differ(from): %.20g -> %.20g\n", n, result);
    737 
    738 #if 0
    739   {
    740     char exten[16];
    741 
    742     floatformat_from_double (&floatformat_m68881_ext, &n, exten);
    743     floatformat_to_double (&floatformat_m68881_ext, exten, &result);
    744     if (n != result)
    745       printf ("Differ(to+from): %.20g -> %.20g\n", n, result);
    746   }
    747 #endif
    748 
    749 #if IEEE_DEBUG > 1
    750   /* This is to be run on a host which uses 68881 format.  */
    751   {
    752     long double ex = *(long double *)exten;
    753     if (ex != n)
    754       printf ("Differ(from vs. extended): %.20g\n", n);
    755   }
    756 #endif
    757 }
    758 
    759 int
    760 main (void)
    761 {
    762   ieee_test (0.0);
    763   ieee_test (0.5);
    764   ieee_test (1.1);
    765   ieee_test (256.0);
    766   ieee_test (0.12345);
    767   ieee_test (234235.78907234);
    768   ieee_test (-512.0);
    769   ieee_test (-0.004321);
    770   ieee_test (1.2E-70);
    771   ieee_test (1.2E-316);
    772   ieee_test (4.9406564584124654E-324);
    773   ieee_test (- 4.9406564584124654E-324);
    774   ieee_test (- 0.0);
    775   ieee_test (- INFINITY);
    776   ieee_test (- NAN);
    777   ieee_test (INFINITY);
    778   ieee_test (NAN);
    779   return 0;
    780 }
    781 #endif
    782