xref: /src/external/gpl3/binutils/dist/bfd/coff-alpha.c

/* BFD back-end for ALPHA Extended-Coff files.
   Copyright (C) 1993-2025 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
   Modified from coff-mips.c by Steve Chamberlain <sac (at) cygnus.com> and
   Ian Lance Taylor <ian (at) cygnus.com>.

   This file is part of BFD, the Binary File Descriptor library.

   This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
   the Free Software Foundation; either version 3 of the License, or
   (at your option) any later version.

   This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
   GNU General Public License for more details.

   You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
   along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
   Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street - Fifth Floor, Boston,
   MA 02110-1301, USA.  */

#include "sysdep.h"
#include "bfd.h"
#include "bfdlink.h"
#include "libbfd.h"
#include "coff/internal.h"
#include "coff/sym.h"
#include "coff/symconst.h"
#include "coff/ecoff.h"
#include "coff/alpha.h"
#include "aout/ar.h"
#include "libcoff.h"
#include "libecoff.h"

/* Prototypes for static functions.  */



/* ECOFF has COFF sections, but the debugging information is stored in
   a completely different format.  ECOFF targets use some of the
   swapping routines from coffswap.h, and some of the generic COFF
   routines in coffgen.c, but, unlike the real COFF targets, do not
   use coffcode.h itself.

   Get the generic COFF swapping routines, except for the reloc,
   symbol, and lineno ones.  Give them ecoff names.  Define some
   accessor macros for the large sizes used for Alpha ECOFF.  */

#define GET_FILEHDR_SYMPTR H_GET_64
#define PUT_FILEHDR_SYMPTR H_PUT_64
#define GET_AOUTHDR_TSIZE H_GET_64
#define PUT_AOUTHDR_TSIZE H_PUT_64
#define GET_AOUTHDR_DSIZE H_GET_64
#define PUT_AOUTHDR_DSIZE H_PUT_64
#define GET_AOUTHDR_BSIZE H_GET_64
#define PUT_AOUTHDR_BSIZE H_PUT_64
#define GET_AOUTHDR_ENTRY H_GET_64
#define PUT_AOUTHDR_ENTRY H_PUT_64
#define GET_AOUTHDR_TEXT_START H_GET_64
#define PUT_AOUTHDR_TEXT_START H_PUT_64
#define GET_AOUTHDR_DATA_START H_GET_64
#define PUT_AOUTHDR_DATA_START H_PUT_64
#define GET_SCNHDR_PADDR H_GET_64
#define PUT_SCNHDR_PADDR H_PUT_64
#define GET_SCNHDR_VADDR H_GET_64
#define PUT_SCNHDR_VADDR H_PUT_64
#define GET_SCNHDR_SIZE H_GET_64
#define PUT_SCNHDR_SIZE H_PUT_64
#define GET_SCNHDR_SCNPTR H_GET_64
#define PUT_SCNHDR_SCNPTR H_PUT_64
#define GET_SCNHDR_RELPTR H_GET_64
#define PUT_SCNHDR_RELPTR H_PUT_64
#define GET_SCNHDR_LNNOPTR H_GET_64
#define PUT_SCNHDR_LNNOPTR H_PUT_64

#define ALPHAECOFF

#define NO_COFF_RELOCS
#define NO_COFF_SYMBOLS
#define NO_COFF_LINENOS
#define coff_swap_filehdr_in alpha_ecoff_swap_filehdr_in
#define coff_swap_filehdr_out alpha_ecoff_swap_filehdr_out
#define coff_swap_aouthdr_in alpha_ecoff_swap_aouthdr_in
#define coff_swap_aouthdr_out alpha_ecoff_swap_aouthdr_out
#define coff_swap_scnhdr_in alpha_ecoff_swap_scnhdr_in
#define coff_swap_scnhdr_out alpha_ecoff_swap_scnhdr_out
#include "coffswap.h"

/* Get the ECOFF swapping routines.  */
#define ECOFF_64
#include "ecoffswap.h"

/* How to process the various reloc types.  */

static bfd_reloc_status_type
reloc_nil (bfd *abfd ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED,
	   arelent *reloc ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED,
	   asymbol *sym ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED,
	   void * data ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED,
	   asection *sec ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED,
	   bfd *output_bfd ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED,
	   char **error_message ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED)
{
  return bfd_reloc_ok;
}

/* In case we're on a 32-bit machine, construct a 64-bit "-1" value
   from smaller values.  Start with zero, widen, *then* decrement.  */
#define MINUS_ONE	(((bfd_vma)0) - 1)

static reloc_howto_type alpha_howto_table[] =
{
  /* Reloc type 0 is ignored by itself.  However, it appears after a
     GPDISP reloc to identify the location where the low order 16 bits
     of the gp register are loaded.  */
  HOWTO (ALPHA_R_IGNORE,	/* type */
	 0,			/* rightshift */
	 1,			/* size */
	 8,			/* bitsize */
	 true,			/* pc_relative */
	 0,			/* bitpos */
	 complain_overflow_dont, /* complain_on_overflow */
	 reloc_nil,		/* special_function */
	 "IGNORE",		/* name */
	 true,			/* partial_inplace */
	 0,			/* src_mask */
	 0,			/* dst_mask */
	 true),			/* pcrel_offset */

  /* A 32 bit reference to a symbol.  */
  HOWTO (ALPHA_R_REFLONG,	/* type */
	 0,			/* rightshift */
	 4,			/* size */
	 32,			/* bitsize */
	 false,			/* pc_relative */
	 0,			/* bitpos */
	 complain_overflow_bitfield, /* complain_on_overflow */
	 0,			/* special_function */
	 "REFLONG",		/* name */
	 true,			/* partial_inplace */
	 0xffffffff,		/* src_mask */
	 0xffffffff,		/* dst_mask */
	 false),		/* pcrel_offset */

  /* A 64 bit reference to a symbol.  */
  HOWTO (ALPHA_R_REFQUAD,	/* type */
	 0,			/* rightshift */
	 8,			/* size */
	 64,			/* bitsize */
	 false,			/* pc_relative */
	 0,			/* bitpos */
	 complain_overflow_bitfield, /* complain_on_overflow */
	 0,			/* special_function */
	 "REFQUAD",		/* name */
	 true,			/* partial_inplace */
	 MINUS_ONE,		/* src_mask */
	 MINUS_ONE,		/* dst_mask */
	 false),		/* pcrel_offset */

  /* A 32 bit GP relative offset.  This is just like REFLONG except
     that when the value is used the value of the gp register will be
     added in.  */
  HOWTO (ALPHA_R_GPREL32,	/* type */
	 0,			/* rightshift */
	 4,			/* size */
	 32,			/* bitsize */
	 false,			/* pc_relative */
	 0,			/* bitpos */
	 complain_overflow_bitfield, /* complain_on_overflow */
	 0,			/* special_function */
	 "GPREL32",		/* name */
	 true,			/* partial_inplace */
	 0xffffffff,		/* src_mask */
	 0xffffffff,		/* dst_mask */
	 false),		/* pcrel_offset */

  /* Used for an instruction that refers to memory off the GP
     register.  The offset is 16 bits of the 32 bit instruction.  This
     reloc always seems to be against the .lita section.  */
  HOWTO (ALPHA_R_LITERAL,	/* type */
	 0,			/* rightshift */
	 4,			/* size */
	 16,			/* bitsize */
	 false,			/* pc_relative */
	 0,			/* bitpos */
	 complain_overflow_signed, /* complain_on_overflow */
	 0,			/* special_function */
	 "LITERAL",		/* name */
	 true,			/* partial_inplace */
	 0xffff,		/* src_mask */
	 0xffff,		/* dst_mask */
	 false),		/* pcrel_offset */

  /* This reloc only appears immediately following a LITERAL reloc.
     It identifies a use of the literal.  It seems that the linker can
     use this to eliminate a portion of the .lita section.  The symbol
     index is special: 1 means the literal address is in the base
     register of a memory format instruction; 2 means the literal
     address is in the byte offset register of a byte-manipulation
     instruction; 3 means the literal address is in the target
     register of a jsr instruction.  This does not actually do any
     relocation.  */
  HOWTO (ALPHA_R_LITUSE,	/* type */
	 0,			/* rightshift */
	 4,			/* size */
	 32,			/* bitsize */
	 false,			/* pc_relative */
	 0,			/* bitpos */
	 complain_overflow_dont, /* complain_on_overflow */
	 reloc_nil,		/* special_function */
	 "LITUSE",		/* name */
	 false,			/* partial_inplace */
	 0,			/* src_mask */
	 0,			/* dst_mask */
	 false),		/* pcrel_offset */

  /* Load the gp register.  This is always used for a ldah instruction
     which loads the upper 16 bits of the gp register.  The next reloc
     will be an IGNORE reloc which identifies the location of the lda
     instruction which loads the lower 16 bits.  The symbol index of
     the GPDISP instruction appears to actually be the number of bytes
     between the ldah and lda instructions.  This gives two different
     ways to determine where the lda instruction is; I don't know why
     both are used.  The value to use for the relocation is the
     difference between the GP value and the current location; the
     load will always be done against a register holding the current
     address.  */
  HOWTO (ALPHA_R_GPDISP,	/* type */
	 16,			/* rightshift */
	 4,			/* size */
	 16,			/* bitsize */
	 true,			/* pc_relative */
	 0,			/* bitpos */
	 complain_overflow_dont, /* complain_on_overflow */
	 reloc_nil,		/* special_function */
	 "GPDISP",		/* name */
	 true,			/* partial_inplace */
	 0xffff,		/* src_mask */
	 0xffff,		/* dst_mask */
	 true),			/* pcrel_offset */

  /* A 21 bit branch.  The native assembler generates these for
     branches within the text segment, and also fills in the PC
     relative offset in the instruction.  */
  HOWTO (ALPHA_R_BRADDR,	/* type */
	 2,			/* rightshift */
	 4,			/* size */
	 21,			/* bitsize */
	 true,			/* pc_relative */
	 0,			/* bitpos */
	 complain_overflow_signed, /* complain_on_overflow */
	 0,			/* special_function */
	 "BRADDR",		/* name */
	 true,			/* partial_inplace */
	 0x1fffff,		/* src_mask */
	 0x1fffff,		/* dst_mask */
	 false),		/* pcrel_offset */

  /* A hint for a jump to a register.  */
  HOWTO (ALPHA_R_HINT,		/* type */
	 2,			/* rightshift */
	 4,			/* size */
	 14,			/* bitsize */
	 true,			/* pc_relative */
	 0,			/* bitpos */
	 complain_overflow_dont, /* complain_on_overflow */
	 0,			/* special_function */
	 "HINT",		/* name */
	 true,			/* partial_inplace */
	 0x3fff,		/* src_mask */
	 0x3fff,		/* dst_mask */
	 false),		/* pcrel_offset */

  /* 16 bit PC relative offset.  */
  HOWTO (ALPHA_R_SREL16,	/* type */
	 0,			/* rightshift */
	 2,			/* size */
	 16,			/* bitsize */
	 true,			/* pc_relative */
	 0,			/* bitpos */
	 complain_overflow_signed, /* complain_on_overflow */
	 0,			/* special_function */
	 "SREL16",		/* name */
	 true,			/* partial_inplace */
	 0xffff,		/* src_mask */
	 0xffff,		/* dst_mask */
	 false),		/* pcrel_offset */

  /* 32 bit PC relative offset.  */
  HOWTO (ALPHA_R_SREL32,	/* type */
	 0,			/* rightshift */
	 4,			/* size */
	 32,			/* bitsize */
	 true,			/* pc_relative */
	 0,			/* bitpos */
	 complain_overflow_signed, /* complain_on_overflow */
	 0,			/* special_function */
	 "SREL32",		/* name */
	 true,			/* partial_inplace */
	 0xffffffff,		/* src_mask */
	 0xffffffff,		/* dst_mask */
	 false),		/* pcrel_offset */

  /* A 64 bit PC relative offset.  */
  HOWTO (ALPHA_R_SREL64,	/* type */
	 0,			/* rightshift */
	 8,			/* size */
	 64,			/* bitsize */
	 true,			/* pc_relative */
	 0,			/* bitpos */
	 complain_overflow_signed, /* complain_on_overflow */
	 0,			/* special_function */
	 "SREL64",		/* name */
	 true,			/* partial_inplace */
	 MINUS_ONE,		/* src_mask */
	 MINUS_ONE,		/* dst_mask */
	 false),		/* pcrel_offset */

  /* Push a value on the reloc evaluation stack.  */
  HOWTO (ALPHA_R_OP_PUSH,	/* type */
	 0,			/* rightshift */
	 0,			/* size */
	 0,			/* bitsize */
	 false,			/* pc_relative */
	 0,			/* bitpos */
	 complain_overflow_dont, /* complain_on_overflow */
	 0,			/* special_function */
	 "OP_PUSH",		/* name */
	 false,			/* partial_inplace */
	 0,			/* src_mask */
	 0,			/* dst_mask */
	 false),		/* pcrel_offset */

  /* Store the value from the stack at the given address.  Store it in
     a bitfield of size r_size starting at bit position r_offset.  */
  HOWTO (ALPHA_R_OP_STORE,	/* type */
	 0,			/* rightshift */
	 8,			/* size */
	 64,			/* bitsize */
	 false,			/* pc_relative */
	 0,			/* bitpos */
	 complain_overflow_dont, /* complain_on_overflow */
	 0,			/* special_function */
	 "OP_STORE",		/* name */
	 false,			/* partial_inplace */
	 0,			/* src_mask */
	 MINUS_ONE,		/* dst_mask */
	 false),		/* pcrel_offset */

  /* Subtract the reloc address from the value on the top of the
     relocation stack.  */
  HOWTO (ALPHA_R_OP_PSUB,	/* type */
	 0,			/* rightshift */
	 0,			/* size */
	 0,			/* bitsize */
	 false,			/* pc_relative */
	 0,			/* bitpos */
	 complain_overflow_dont, /* complain_on_overflow */
	 0,			/* special_function */
	 "OP_PSUB",		/* name */
	 false,			/* partial_inplace */
	 0,			/* src_mask */
	 0,			/* dst_mask */
	 false),		/* pcrel_offset */

  /* Shift the value on the top of the relocation stack right by the
     given value.  */
  HOWTO (ALPHA_R_OP_PRSHIFT,	/* type */
	 0,			/* rightshift */
	 0,			/* size */
	 0,			/* bitsize */
	 false,			/* pc_relative */
	 0,			/* bitpos */
	 complain_overflow_dont, /* complain_on_overflow */
	 0,			/* special_function */
	 "OP_PRSHIFT",		/* name */
	 false,			/* partial_inplace */
	 0,			/* src_mask */
	 0,			/* dst_mask */
	 false),		/* pcrel_offset */

  /* Adjust the GP value for a new range in the object file.  */
  HOWTO (ALPHA_R_GPVALUE,	/* type */
	 0,			/* rightshift */
	 0,			/* size */
	 0,			/* bitsize */
	 false,			/* pc_relative */
	 0,			/* bitpos */
	 complain_overflow_dont, /* complain_on_overflow */
	 0,			/* special_function */
	 "GPVALUE",		/* name */
	 false,			/* partial_inplace */
	 0,			/* src_mask */
	 0,			/* dst_mask */
	 false)			/* pcrel_offset */
};

/* Recognize an Alpha ECOFF file.  */

static bfd_cleanup
alpha_ecoff_object_p (bfd *abfd)
{
  bfd_cleanup ret;

  ret = coff_object_p (abfd);

  if (ret != NULL)
    {
      asection *sec;

      /* Alpha ECOFF has a .pdata section.  The lnnoptr field of the
	 .pdata section is the number of entries it contains.  Each
	 entry takes up 8 bytes.  The number of entries is required
	 since the section is aligned to a 16 byte boundary.  When we
	 link .pdata sections together, we do not want to include the
	 alignment bytes.  We handle this on input by faking the size
	 of the .pdata section to remove the unwanted alignment bytes.
	 On output we will set the lnnoptr field and force the
	 alignment.  */
      sec = bfd_get_section_by_name (abfd, _PDATA);
      if (sec != (asection *) NULL)
	{
	  bfd_size_type size;

	  size = (bfd_size_type) sec->line_filepos * 8;
	  BFD_ASSERT (size == sec->size
		      || size + 8 == sec->size);
	  if (!bfd_set_section_size (sec, size))
	    return NULL;
	}
    }

  return ret;
}

/* See whether the magic number matches.  */

static bool
alpha_ecoff_bad_format_hook (bfd *abfd ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED,
			     void * filehdr)
{
  struct internal_filehdr *internal_f = (struct internal_filehdr *) filehdr;

  if (! ALPHA_ECOFF_BADMAG (*internal_f))
    return true;

  if (ALPHA_ECOFF_COMPRESSEDMAG (*internal_f))
    _bfd_error_handler
      (_("%pB: cannot handle compressed Alpha binaries; "
	 "use compiler flags, or objZ, to generate uncompressed binaries"),
       abfd);

  return false;
}

/* This is a hook called by coff_real_object_p to create any backend
   specific information.  */

static void *
alpha_ecoff_mkobject_hook (bfd *abfd, void * filehdr, void * aouthdr)
{
  void * ecoff;

  ecoff = _bfd_ecoff_mkobject_hook (abfd, filehdr, aouthdr);

  if (ecoff != NULL)
    {
      struct internal_filehdr *internal_f = (struct internal_filehdr *) filehdr;

      /* Set additional BFD flags according to the object type from the
	 machine specific file header flags.  */
      switch (internal_f->f_flags & F_ALPHA_OBJECT_TYPE_MASK)
	{
	case F_ALPHA_SHARABLE:
	  abfd->flags |= DYNAMIC;
	  break;
	case F_ALPHA_CALL_SHARED:
	  /* Always executable if using shared libraries as the run time
	     loader might resolve undefined references.  */
	  abfd->flags |= (DYNAMIC | EXEC_P);
	  break;
	}
    }
  return ecoff;
}

/* Reloc handling.  */

/* Swap a reloc in.  */

static void
alpha_ecoff_swap_reloc_in (bfd *abfd,
			   void * ext_ptr,
			   struct internal_reloc *intern)
{
  const RELOC *ext = (RELOC *) ext_ptr;

  intern->r_vaddr = H_GET_64 (abfd, ext->r_vaddr);
  intern->r_symndx = H_GET_32 (abfd, ext->r_symndx);

  BFD_ASSERT (bfd_header_little_endian (abfd));

  intern->r_type = ((ext->r_bits[0] & RELOC_BITS0_TYPE_LITTLE)
		    >> RELOC_BITS0_TYPE_SH_LITTLE);
  intern->r_extern = (ext->r_bits[1] & RELOC_BITS1_EXTERN_LITTLE) != 0;
  intern->r_offset = ((ext->r_bits[1] & RELOC_BITS1_OFFSET_LITTLE)
		      >> RELOC_BITS1_OFFSET_SH_LITTLE);
  /* Ignored the reserved bits.  */
  intern->r_size = ((ext->r_bits[3] & RELOC_BITS3_SIZE_LITTLE)
		    >> RELOC_BITS3_SIZE_SH_LITTLE);

  if (intern->r_type == ALPHA_R_LITUSE
      || intern->r_type == ALPHA_R_GPDISP)
    {
      /* Handle the LITUSE and GPDISP relocs specially.  Its symndx
	 value is not actually a symbol index, but is instead a
	 special code.  We put the code in the r_size field, and
	 clobber the symndx.  */
      BFD_ASSERT (intern->r_size == 0);
      intern->r_size = intern->r_symndx;
      intern->r_symndx = RELOC_SECTION_NONE;
    }
  else if (intern->r_type == ALPHA_R_IGNORE)
    {
      /* The IGNORE reloc generally follows a GPDISP reloc, and is
	 against the .lita section.  The section is irrelevant.  */
      BFD_ASSERT (intern->r_extern || intern->r_symndx != RELOC_SECTION_ABS);
      if (! intern->r_extern && intern->r_symndx == RELOC_SECTION_LITA)
	intern->r_symndx = RELOC_SECTION_ABS;
    }
  else if (intern->r_type == ALPHA_R_OP_STORE)
    {
      /* Size of 64 bits is encoded as 0 in this 6-bit field.  */
      if (intern->r_size == 0)
	intern->r_size = 64;
    }
}

/* Swap a reloc out.  */

static void
alpha_ecoff_swap_reloc_out (bfd *abfd,
			    const struct internal_reloc *intern,
			    void * dst)
{
  RELOC *ext = (RELOC *) dst;
  long symndx;
  unsigned char size;

  /* Undo the hackery done in swap_reloc_in.  */
  if (intern->r_type == ALPHA_R_LITUSE
      || intern->r_type == ALPHA_R_GPDISP)
    {
      symndx = intern->r_size;
      size = 0;
    }
  else if (intern->r_type == ALPHA_R_IGNORE
	   && ! intern->r_extern
	   && intern->r_symndx == RELOC_SECTION_ABS)
    {
      symndx = RELOC_SECTION_LITA;
      size = intern->r_size;
    }
  else
    {
      symndx = intern->r_symndx;
      size = intern->r_size;
    }

  /* XXX FIXME:  The maximum symndx value used to be 14 but this
     fails with object files produced by DEC's C++ compiler.
     Where does the value 14 (or 15) come from anyway ?  */
  BFD_ASSERT (intern->r_extern
	      || (intern->r_symndx >= 0 && intern->r_symndx <= 15));

  H_PUT_64 (abfd, intern->r_vaddr, ext->r_vaddr);
  H_PUT_32 (abfd, symndx, ext->r_symndx);

  BFD_ASSERT (bfd_header_little_endian (abfd));

  ext->r_bits[0] = ((intern->r_type << RELOC_BITS0_TYPE_SH_LITTLE)
		    & RELOC_BITS0_TYPE_LITTLE);
  ext->r_bits[1] = ((intern->r_extern ? RELOC_BITS1_EXTERN_LITTLE : 0)
		    | ((intern->r_offset << RELOC_BITS1_OFFSET_SH_LITTLE)
		       & RELOC_BITS1_OFFSET_LITTLE));
  ext->r_bits[2] = 0;
  ext->r_bits[3] = ((size << RELOC_BITS3_SIZE_SH_LITTLE)
		    & RELOC_BITS3_SIZE_LITTLE);
}

/* Finish canonicalizing a reloc.  Part of this is generic to all
   ECOFF targets, and that part is in ecoff.c.  The rest is done in
   this backend routine.  It must fill in the howto field.  */

static void
alpha_adjust_reloc_in (bfd *abfd,
		       const struct internal_reloc *intern,
		       arelent *rptr)
{
  if (intern->r_type > ALPHA_R_GPVALUE)
    {
      /* xgettext:c-format */
      _bfd_error_handler (_("%pB: unsupported relocation type %#x"),
			  abfd, intern->r_type);
      bfd_set_error (bfd_error_bad_value);
      rptr->addend = 0;
      rptr->howto  = NULL;
      return;
    }

  switch (intern->r_type)
    {
    case ALPHA_R_BRADDR:
    case ALPHA_R_SREL16:
    case ALPHA_R_SREL32:
    case ALPHA_R_SREL64:
      /* This relocs appear to be fully resolved when they are against
	 internal symbols.  Against external symbols, BRADDR at least
	 appears to be resolved against the next instruction.  */
      if (! intern->r_extern)
	rptr->addend = 0;
      else
	rptr->addend = - (intern->r_vaddr + 4);
      break;

    case ALPHA_R_GPREL32:
    case ALPHA_R_LITERAL:
      /* Copy the gp value for this object file into the addend, to
	 ensure that we are not confused by the linker.  */
      if (! intern->r_extern)
	rptr->addend += ecoff_data (abfd)->gp;
      break;

    case ALPHA_R_LITUSE:
    case ALPHA_R_GPDISP:
      /* The LITUSE and GPDISP relocs do not use a symbol, or an
	 addend, but they do use a special code.  Put this code in the
	 addend field.  */
      rptr->addend = intern->r_size;
      break;

    case ALPHA_R_OP_STORE:
      /* The STORE reloc needs the size and offset fields.  We store
	 them in the addend.  */
      BFD_ASSERT (intern->r_offset <= 256);
      rptr->addend = (intern->r_offset << 8) + intern->r_size;
      break;

    case ALPHA_R_OP_PUSH:
    case ALPHA_R_OP_PSUB:
    case ALPHA_R_OP_PRSHIFT:
      /* The PUSH, PSUB and PRSHIFT relocs do not actually use an
	 address.  I believe that the address supplied is really an
	 addend.  */
      rptr->addend = intern->r_vaddr;
      break;

    case ALPHA_R_GPVALUE:
      /* Set the addend field to the new GP value.  */
      rptr->addend = intern->r_symndx + ecoff_data (abfd)->gp;
      break;

    case ALPHA_R_IGNORE:
      /* If the type is ALPHA_R_IGNORE, make sure this is a reference
	 to the absolute section so that the reloc is ignored.  For
	 some reason the address of this reloc type is not adjusted by
	 the section vma.  We record the gp value for this object file
	 here, for convenience when doing the GPDISP relocation.  */
      rptr->sym_ptr_ptr = &bfd_abs_section_ptr->symbol;
      rptr->address = intern->r_vaddr;
      rptr->addend = ecoff_data (abfd)->gp;
      break;

    default:
      break;
    }

  rptr->howto = &alpha_howto_table[intern->r_type];
}

/* When writing out a reloc we need to pull some values back out of
   the addend field into the reloc.  This is roughly the reverse of
   alpha_adjust_reloc_in, except that there are several changes we do
   not need to undo.  */

static void
alpha_adjust_reloc_out (bfd *abfd ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED,
			const arelent *rel,
			struct internal_reloc *intern)
{
  switch (intern->r_type)
    {
    case ALPHA_R_LITUSE:
    case ALPHA_R_GPDISP:
      intern->r_size = rel->addend;
      break;

    case ALPHA_R_OP_STORE:
      intern->r_size = rel->addend & 0xff;
      intern->r_offset = (rel->addend >> 8) & 0xff;
      break;

    case ALPHA_R_OP_PUSH:
    case ALPHA_R_OP_PSUB:
    case ALPHA_R_OP_PRSHIFT:
      intern->r_vaddr = rel->addend;
      break;

    case ALPHA_R_IGNORE:
      intern->r_vaddr = rel->address;
      break;

    default:
      break;
    }
}

/* Write VAL to a little-endian bitfield specified by BITOFFSET and
   BITSIZE at CONTENTS + SECOFFSET.  Verify that these parameter are
   valid for SEC in ABFD.  */

static bool
write_bit_field (bfd *abfd, asection *sec,
		 bfd_byte *contents, bfd_size_type secoffset,
		 unsigned int bitoffset, unsigned int bitsize, uint64_t val)
{
  if (bitsize == 0)
    return true;

  bfd_size_type secsize = bfd_get_section_limit_octets (abfd, sec);
  unsigned int startbyte = bitoffset >> 3;
  unsigned int endbyte = (bitoffset + bitsize - 1) >> 3;

  if (secoffset > secsize || secsize - secoffset <= endbyte)
    return false;

  unsigned int startbit = bitoffset & 7;
  unsigned int endbit = (bitoffset + bitsize - 1) & 7;
  unsigned int mask = -1u << startbit;
  unsigned char *p = contents + secoffset;
  if (startbyte != endbyte)
    {
      p[startbyte] = (p[startbyte] & ~mask) | ((val << startbit) & mask);
      val = val >> (8 - startbit);

      for (unsigned int off = startbyte + 1; off < endbyte; ++off)
	{
	  p[off] = val;
	  val >>= 8;
	}
      mask = ~(-1u << (1 + endbit));
    }
  else
    {
      val = val << startbit;
      mask = mask & ~(-1u << (1 + endbit));
    }
  p[endbyte] = (p[endbyte] & ~mask) | (val & mask);
  return true;
}

/* The size of the stack for the relocation evaluator.  */
#define RELOC_STACKSIZE (10)

/* Alpha ECOFF relocs have a built in expression evaluator as well as
   other interdependencies.  Rather than use a bunch of special
   functions and global variables, we use a single routine to do all
   the relocation for a section.  I haven't yet worked out how the
   assembler is going to handle this.  */

static bfd_byte *
alpha_ecoff_get_relocated_section_contents (bfd *abfd,
					    struct bfd_link_info *link_info,
					    struct bfd_link_order *link_order,
					    bfd_byte *data,
					    bool relocatable,
					    asymbol **symbols)
{
  bfd *input_bfd = link_order->u.indirect.section->owner;
  asection *input_section = link_order->u.indirect.section;
  long reloc_size;
  arelent **reloc_vector;
  long reloc_count;
  bfd *output_bfd = relocatable ? abfd : (bfd *) NULL;
  bfd_vma gp;
  bool gp_undefined;
  bfd_vma stack[RELOC_STACKSIZE];
  int tos = 0;

  reloc_size = bfd_get_reloc_upper_bound (input_bfd, input_section);
  if (reloc_size < 0)
    return NULL;

  bfd_byte *orig_data = data;
  if (!bfd_get_full_section_contents (input_bfd, input_section, &data))
    return NULL;

  if (data == NULL)
    return NULL;

  if (reloc_size == 0)
    return data;

  reloc_vector = (arelent **) bfd_malloc (reloc_size);
  if (reloc_vector == NULL)
    goto error_return;

  reloc_count = bfd_canonicalize_reloc (input_bfd, input_section,
					reloc_vector, symbols);
  if (reloc_count < 0)
    goto error_return;
  if (reloc_count == 0)
    goto successful_return;

  /* Get the GP value for the output BFD.  */
  gp_undefined = false;
  gp = _bfd_get_gp_value (abfd);
  if (gp == 0)
    {
      if (relocatable)
	{
	  asection *sec;
	  bfd_vma lo;

	  /* Make up a value.  */
	  lo = (bfd_vma) -1;
	  for (sec = abfd->sections; sec != NULL; sec = sec->next)
	    {
	      if (sec->vma < lo
		  && (strcmp (sec->name, ".sbss") == 0
		      || strcmp (sec->name, ".sdata") == 0
		      || strcmp (sec->name, ".lit4") == 0
		      || strcmp (sec->name, ".lit8") == 0
		      || strcmp (sec->name, ".lita") == 0))
		lo = sec->vma;
	    }
	  gp = lo + 0x8000;
	  _bfd_set_gp_value (abfd, gp);
	}
      else
	{
	  struct bfd_link_hash_entry *h;

	  h = bfd_link_hash_lookup (link_info->hash, "_gp", false, false,
				    true);
	  if (h == (struct bfd_link_hash_entry *) NULL
	      || h->type != bfd_link_hash_defined)
	    gp_undefined = true;
	  else
	    {
	      gp = (h->u.def.value
		    + h->u.def.section->output_section->vma
		    + h->u.def.section->output_offset);
	      _bfd_set_gp_value (abfd, gp);
	    }
	}
    }

  for (arelent **relp = reloc_vector; *relp != NULL; relp++)
    {
      arelent *rel;
      bfd_reloc_status_type r;
      char *err;
      unsigned int r_type;

      rel = *relp;
      if (rel->howto == NULL)
	{
	  r = bfd_reloc_notsupported;
	  r_type = ALPHA_R_IGNORE;
	}
      else
	{
	  r = bfd_reloc_ok;
	  r_type = rel->howto->type;
	}
      switch (r_type)
	{
	case ALPHA_R_IGNORE:
	  rel->address += input_section->output_offset;
	  break;

	case ALPHA_R_REFLONG:
	case ALPHA_R_REFQUAD:
	case ALPHA_R_BRADDR:
	case ALPHA_R_HINT:
	case ALPHA_R_SREL16:
	case ALPHA_R_SREL32:
	case ALPHA_R_SREL64:
	  if (relocatable
	      && ((*rel->sym_ptr_ptr)->flags & BSF_SECTION_SYM) == 0)
	    {
	      rel->address += input_section->output_offset;
	      break;
	    }
	  r = bfd_perform_relocation (input_bfd, rel, data, input_section,
				      output_bfd, &err);
	  break;

	case ALPHA_R_GPREL32:
	  /* This relocation is used in a switch table.  It is a 32
	     bit offset from the current GP value.  We must adjust it
	     by the different between the original GP value and the
	     current GP value.  The original GP value is stored in the
	     addend.  We adjust the addend and let
	     bfd_perform_relocation finish the job.  */
	  rel->addend -= gp;
	  r = bfd_perform_relocation (input_bfd, rel, data, input_section,
				      output_bfd, &err);
	  if (r == bfd_reloc_ok && gp_undefined)
	    {
	      r = bfd_reloc_dangerous;
	      err = (char *) _("GP relative relocation used when GP not defined");
	    }
	  break;

	case ALPHA_R_LITERAL:
	  /* This is a reference to a literal value, generally
	     (always?) in the .lita section.  This is a 16 bit GP
	     relative relocation.  Sometimes the subsequent reloc is a
	     LITUSE reloc, which indicates how this reloc is used.
	     This sometimes permits rewriting the two instructions
	     referred to by the LITERAL and the LITUSE into different
	     instructions which do not refer to .lita.  This can save
	     a memory reference, and permits removing a value from
	     .lita thus saving GP relative space.

	     We do not these optimizations.  To do them we would need
	     to arrange to link the .lita section first, so that by
	     the time we got here we would know the final values to
	     use.  This would not be particularly difficult, but it is
	     not currently implemented.  */

	  rel->addend -= gp;
	  r = bfd_perform_relocation (input_bfd, rel, data, input_section,
				      output_bfd, &err);
	  if (r == bfd_reloc_ok && gp_undefined)
	    {
	      r = bfd_reloc_dangerous;
	      err = (char *) _("GP relative relocation used"
			       " when GP not defined");
	    }
	  break;

	case ALPHA_R_LITUSE:
	  /* See ALPHA_R_LITERAL above for the uses of this reloc.  It
	     does not cause anything to happen, itself.  */
	  rel->address += input_section->output_offset;
	  break;

	case ALPHA_R_GPDISP:
	  /* This marks the ldah of an ldah/lda pair which loads the
	     gp register with the difference of the gp value and the
	     current location.  The second of the pair is r_size bytes
	     ahead; it used to be marked with an ALPHA_R_IGNORE reloc,
	     but that no longer happens in OSF/1 3.2.  */
	  if (bfd_reloc_offset_in_range (rel->howto, input_bfd, input_section,
					 rel->address)
	      && bfd_reloc_offset_in_range (rel->howto, input_bfd, input_section,
					    rel->address + rel->addend))
	    {
	      /* Get the two instructions.  */
	      bfd_byte *p = data + rel->address;
	      bfd_vma insn1 = bfd_get_32 (input_bfd, p);
	      bfd_vma insn2 = bfd_get_32 (input_bfd, p + rel->addend);

	      BFD_ASSERT (((insn1 >> 26) & 0x3f) == 0x09); /* ldah */
	      BFD_ASSERT (((insn2 >> 26) & 0x3f) == 0x08); /* lda */

	      /* Get the existing addend.  We must account for the sign
		 extension done by lda and ldah.  */
	      bfd_vma addend = (((((insn1 & 0xffff) ^ 0x8000) - 0x8000) << 16)
				+ ((((insn2 & 0xffff) ^ 0x8000) - 0x8000)));

	      /* The existing addend includes the different between the
		 gp of the input BFD and the address in the input BFD.
		 Subtract this out.  */
	      addend -= ecoff_data (input_bfd)->gp - input_section->vma;

	      /* Now add in the final gp value, and subtract out the
		 final address.  */
	      addend += gp - (input_section->output_section->vma
			      + input_section->output_offset);

	      /* Change the instructions, accounting for the sign
		 extension, and write them out.  */
	      insn1 = (insn1 & ~0xffff) | (((addend + 0x8000) >> 16) & 0xffff);
	      insn2 = (insn2 & ~0xffff) | (addend & 0xffff);

	      bfd_put_32 (input_bfd, insn1, p);
	      bfd_put_32 (input_bfd, insn2, p + rel->addend);
	    }
	  else
	    r = bfd_reloc_outofrange;

	  rel->address += input_section->output_offset;
	  break;

	case ALPHA_R_OP_PUSH:
	  /* Push a value on the reloc evaluation stack.  */
	  {
	    asymbol *symbol;
	    bfd_vma relocation;

	    if (relocatable)
	      {
		rel->address += input_section->output_offset;
		break;
	      }

	    /* Figure out the relocation of this symbol.  */
	    symbol = *rel->sym_ptr_ptr;

	    if (bfd_is_und_section (symbol->section))
	      r = bfd_reloc_undefined;

	    if (bfd_is_com_section (symbol->section))
	      relocation = 0;
	    else
	      relocation = symbol->value;
	    relocation += symbol->section->output_section->vma;
	    relocation += symbol->section->output_offset;
	    relocation += rel->addend;

	    if (tos >= RELOC_STACKSIZE)
	      {
		r = bfd_reloc_notsupported;
		break;
	      }

	    stack[tos++] = relocation;
	  }
	  break;

	case ALPHA_R_OP_STORE:
	  /* Store a value from the reloc stack into a bitfield.  */
	  {
	    if (relocatable)
	      {
		rel->address += input_section->output_offset;
		break;
	      }

	    if (tos == 0)
	      {
		r = bfd_reloc_notsupported;
		break;
	      }

	    /* The offset and size in bits for this reloc are encoded
	       into the addend field by alpha_adjust_reloc_in.  */
	    unsigned int offset = (rel->addend >> 8) & 0xff;
	    unsigned int size = rel->addend & 0xff;

	    if (!write_bit_field (input_bfd, input_section,
				  data, rel->address,
				  offset, size, stack[--tos]))
	      r = bfd_reloc_outofrange;
	  }
	  break;

	case ALPHA_R_OP_PSUB:
	  /* Subtract a value from the top of the stack.  */
	  {
	    asymbol *symbol;
	    bfd_vma relocation;

	    if (relocatable)
	      {
		rel->address += input_section->output_offset;
		break;
	      }

	    /* Figure out the relocation of this symbol.  */
	    symbol = *rel->sym_ptr_ptr;

	    if (bfd_is_und_section (symbol->section))
	      r = bfd_reloc_undefined;

	    if (bfd_is_com_section (symbol->section))
	      relocation = 0;
	    else
	      relocation = symbol->value;
	    relocation += symbol->section->output_section->vma;
	    relocation += symbol->section->output_offset;
	    relocation += rel->addend;

	    if (tos == 0)
	      {
		r = bfd_reloc_notsupported;
		break;
	      }

	    stack[tos - 1] -= relocation;
	  }
	  break;

	case ALPHA_R_OP_PRSHIFT:
	  /* Shift the value on the top of the stack.  */
	  {
	    asymbol *symbol;
	    bfd_vma relocation;

	    if (relocatable)
	      {
		rel->address += input_section->output_offset;
		break;
	      }

	    /* Figure out the relocation of this symbol.  */
	    symbol = *rel->sym_ptr_ptr;

	    if (bfd_is_und_section (symbol->section))
	      r = bfd_reloc_undefined;

	    if (bfd_is_com_section (symbol->section))
	      relocation = 0;
	    else
	      relocation = symbol->value;
	    relocation += symbol->section->output_section->vma;
	    relocation += symbol->section->output_offset;
	    relocation += rel->addend;

	    if (tos == 0)
	      {
		r = bfd_reloc_notsupported;
		break;
	      }

	    stack[tos - 1] >>= relocation;
	  }
	  break;

	case ALPHA_R_GPVALUE:
	  /* I really don't know if this does the right thing.  */
	  gp = rel->addend;
	  gp_undefined = false;
	  break;

	default:
	  r = bfd_reloc_notsupported;
	  break;
	}

      if (relocatable)
	{
	  asection *os = input_section->output_section;

	  /* A partial link, so keep the relocs.  */
	  os->orelocation[os->reloc_count] = rel;
	  os->reloc_count++;
	}

      if (r != bfd_reloc_ok)
	{
	  switch (r)
	    {
	    case bfd_reloc_undefined:
	      (*link_info->callbacks->undefined_symbol)
		(link_info, bfd_asymbol_name (*rel->sym_ptr_ptr),
		 input_bfd, input_section, rel->address, true);
	      break;
	    case bfd_reloc_dangerous:
	      (*link_info->callbacks->reloc_dangerous)
		(link_info, err, input_bfd, input_section, rel->address);
	      break;
	    case bfd_reloc_overflow:
	      (*link_info->callbacks->reloc_overflow)
		(link_info, NULL, bfd_asymbol_name (*rel->sym_ptr_ptr),
		 rel->howto->name, rel->addend, input_bfd,
		 input_section, rel->address);
	      break;
	    case bfd_reloc_outofrange:
	      (*link_info->callbacks->einfo)
		/* xgettext:c-format */
		(_("%X%P: %pB(%pA): relocation \"%pR\" goes out of range\n"),
		 input_bfd, input_section, rel);
	      goto error_return;
	    case bfd_reloc_notsupported:
	      (*link_info->callbacks->einfo)
		/* xgettext:c-format */
		(_("%X%P: %pB(%pA): relocation \"%pR\" is not supported\n"),
		 input_bfd, input_section, rel);
	      goto error_return;
	    default:
	      (*link_info->callbacks->einfo)
		/* xgettext:c-format */
		(_("%X%P: %pB(%pA): relocation \"%pR\""
		   " returns an unrecognized value %x\n"),
		 input_bfd, input_section, rel, r);
	      break;
	    }
	}
    }

  if (tos != 0)
    goto error_return;

 successful_return:
  free (reloc_vector);
  return data;

 error_return:
  free (reloc_vector);
  if (orig_data == NULL)
    free (data);
  return NULL;
}

/* Get the howto structure for a generic reloc type.  */

static reloc_howto_type *
alpha_bfd_reloc_type_lookup (bfd *abfd ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED,
			     bfd_reloc_code_real_type code)
{
  int alpha_type;

  switch (code)
    {
    case BFD_RELOC_32:
      alpha_type = ALPHA_R_REFLONG;
      break;
    case BFD_RELOC_64:
    case BFD_RELOC_CTOR:
      alpha_type = ALPHA_R_REFQUAD;
      break;
    case BFD_RELOC_GPREL32:
      alpha_type = ALPHA_R_GPREL32;
      break;
    case BFD_RELOC_ALPHA_LITERAL:
      alpha_type = ALPHA_R_LITERAL;
      break;
    case BFD_RELOC_ALPHA_LITUSE:
      alpha_type = ALPHA_R_LITUSE;
      break;
    case BFD_RELOC_ALPHA_GPDISP_HI16:
      alpha_type = ALPHA_R_GPDISP;
      break;
    case BFD_RELOC_ALPHA_GPDISP_LO16:
      alpha_type = ALPHA_R_IGNORE;
      break;
    case BFD_RELOC_23_PCREL_S2:
      alpha_type = ALPHA_R_BRADDR;
      break;
    case BFD_RELOC_ALPHA_HINT:
      alpha_type = ALPHA_R_HINT;
      break;
    case BFD_RELOC_16_PCREL:
      alpha_type = ALPHA_R_SREL16;
      break;
    case BFD_RELOC_32_PCREL:
      alpha_type = ALPHA_R_SREL32;
      break;
    case BFD_RELOC_64_PCREL:
      alpha_type = ALPHA_R_SREL64;
      break;
    default:
      return (reloc_howto_type *) NULL;
    }

  return &alpha_howto_table[alpha_type];
}

static reloc_howto_type *
alpha_bfd_reloc_name_lookup (bfd *abfd ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED,
			     const char *r_name)
{
  unsigned int i;

  for (i = 0;
       i < sizeof (alpha_howto_table) / sizeof (alpha_howto_table[0]);
       i++)
    if (alpha_howto_table[i].name != NULL
	&& strcasecmp (alpha_howto_table[i].name, r_name) == 0)
      return &alpha_howto_table[i];

  return NULL;
}

/* A helper routine for alpha_relocate_section which converts an
   external reloc when generating relocatable output.  Returns the
   relocation amount.  */

static bfd_vma
alpha_convert_external_reloc (bfd *output_bfd ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED,
			      struct bfd_link_info *info,
			      bfd *input_bfd,
			      struct external_reloc *ext_rel,
			      struct ecoff_link_hash_entry *h)
{
  unsigned long r_symndx;
  bfd_vma relocation;

  BFD_ASSERT (bfd_link_relocatable (info));

  if (h->root.type == bfd_link_hash_defined
      || h->root.type == bfd_link_hash_defweak)
    {
      asection *hsec;
      const char *name;

      /* This symbol is defined in the output.  Convert the reloc from
	 being against the symbol to being against the section.  */

      /* Clear the r_extern bit.  */
      ext_rel->r_bits[1] &=~ RELOC_BITS1_EXTERN_LITTLE;

      /* Compute a new r_symndx value.  */
      hsec = h->root.u.def.section;
      name = bfd_section_name (hsec->output_section);

      r_symndx = (unsigned long) -1;
      switch (name[1])
	{
	case 'A':
	  if (strcmp (name, "*ABS*") == 0)
	    r_symndx = RELOC_SECTION_ABS;
	  break;
	case 'b':
	  if (strcmp (name, ".bss") == 0)
	    r_symndx = RELOC_SECTION_BSS;
	  break;
	case 'd':
	  if (strcmp (name, ".data") == 0)
	    r_symndx = RELOC_SECTION_DATA;
	  break;
	case 'f':
	  if (strcmp (name, ".fini") == 0)
	    r_symndx = RELOC_SECTION_FINI;
	  break;
	case 'i':
	  if (strcmp (name, ".init") == 0)
	    r_symndx = RELOC_SECTION_INIT;
	  break;
	case 'l':
	  if (strcmp (name, ".lita") == 0)
	    r_symndx = RELOC_SECTION_LITA;
	  else if (strcmp (name, ".lit8") == 0)
	    r_symndx = RELOC_SECTION_LIT8;
	  else if (strcmp (name, ".lit4") == 0)
	    r_symndx = RELOC_SECTION_LIT4;
	  break;
	case 'p':
	  if (strcmp (name, ".pdata") == 0)
	    r_symndx = RELOC_SECTION_PDATA;
	  break;
	case 'r':
	  if (strcmp (name, ".rdata") == 0)
	    r_symndx = RELOC_SECTION_RDATA;
	  else if (strcmp (name, ".rconst") == 0)
	    r_symndx = RELOC_SECTION_RCONST;
	  break;
	case 's':
	  if (strcmp (name, ".sdata") == 0)
	    r_symndx = RELOC_SECTION_SDATA;
	  else if (strcmp (name, ".sbss") == 0)
	    r_symndx = RELOC_SECTION_SBSS;
	  break;
	case 't':
	  if (strcmp (name, ".text") == 0)
	    r_symndx = RELOC_SECTION_TEXT;
	  break;
	case 'x':
	  if (strcmp (name, ".xdata") == 0)
	    r_symndx = RELOC_SECTION_XDATA;
	  break;
	}

      if (r_symndx == (unsigned long) -1)
	abort ();

      /* Add the section VMA and the symbol value.  */
      relocation = (h->root.u.def.value
		    + hsec->output_section->vma
		    + hsec->output_offset);
    }
  else
    {
      /* Change the symndx value to the right one for
	 the output BFD.  */
      r_symndx = h->indx;
      if (r_symndx == (unsigned long) -1)
	{
	  /* Caller must give an error.  */
	  r_symndx = 0;
	}
      relocation = 0;
    }

  /* Write out the new r_symndx value.  */
  H_PUT_32 (input_bfd, r_symndx, ext_rel->r_symndx);

  return relocation;
}

/* Relocate a section while linking an Alpha ECOFF file.  This is
   quite similar to get_relocated_section_contents.  Perhaps they
   could be combined somehow.  */

static bool
alpha_relocate_section (bfd *output_bfd,
			struct bfd_link_info *info,
			bfd *input_bfd,
			asection *input_section,
			bfd_byte *contents,
			void * external_relocs)
{
  asection **symndx_to_section, *lita_sec;
  struct ecoff_link_hash_entry **sym_hashes;
  bfd_vma gp;
  bool gp_undefined;
  bfd_vma stack[RELOC_STACKSIZE];
  int tos = 0;
  struct external_reloc *ext_rel;
  struct external_reloc *ext_rel_end;
  bfd_size_type amt;
  bool ret = true;

  /* We keep a table mapping the symndx found in an internal reloc to
     the appropriate section.  This is faster than looking up the
     section by name each time.  */
  symndx_to_section = ecoff_data (input_bfd)->symndx_to_section;
  if (symndx_to_section == (asection **) NULL)
    {
      amt = NUM_RELOC_SECTIONS * sizeof (asection *);
      symndx_to_section = (asection **) bfd_alloc (input_bfd, amt);
      if (!symndx_to_section)
	return false;

      symndx_to_section[RELOC_SECTION_NONE] = NULL;
      symndx_to_section[RELOC_SECTION_TEXT] =
	bfd_get_section_by_name (input_bfd, ".text");
      symndx_to_section[RELOC_SECTION_RDATA] =
	bfd_get_section_by_name (input_bfd, ".rdata");
      symndx_to_section[RELOC_SECTION_DATA] =
	bfd_get_section_by_name (input_bfd, ".data");
      symndx_to_section[RELOC_SECTION_SDATA] =
	bfd_get_section_by_name (input_bfd, ".sdata");
      symndx_to_section[RELOC_SECTION_SBSS] =
	bfd_get_section_by_name (input_bfd, ".sbss");
      symndx_to_section[RELOC_SECTION_BSS] =
	bfd_get_section_by_name (input_bfd, ".bss");
      symndx_to_section[RELOC_SECTION_INIT] =
	bfd_get_section_by_name (input_bfd, ".init");
      symndx_to_section[RELOC_SECTION_LIT8] =
	bfd_get_section_by_name (input_bfd, ".lit8");
      symndx_to_section[RELOC_SECTION_LIT4] =
	bfd_get_section_by_name (input_bfd, ".lit4");
      symndx_to_section[RELOC_SECTION_XDATA] =
	bfd_get_section_by_name (input_bfd, ".xdata");
      symndx_to_section[RELOC_SECTION_PDATA] =
	bfd_get_section_by_name (input_bfd, ".pdata");
      symndx_to_section[RELOC_SECTION_FINI] =
	bfd_get_section_by_name (input_bfd, ".fini");
      symndx_to_section[RELOC_SECTION_LITA] =
	bfd_get_section_by_name (input_bfd, ".lita");
      symndx_to_section[RELOC_SECTION_ABS] = bfd_abs_section_ptr;
      symndx_to_section[RELOC_SECTION_RCONST] =
	bfd_get_section_by_name (input_bfd, ".rconst");

      ecoff_data (input_bfd)->symndx_to_section = symndx_to_section;
    }

  sym_hashes = ecoff_data (input_bfd)->sym_hashes;

  /* On the Alpha, the .lita section must be addressable by the global
     pointer.  To support large programs, we need to allow multiple
     global pointers.  This works as long as each input .lita section
     is <64KB big.  This implies that when producing relocatable
     output, the .lita section is limited to 64KB. .  */

  lita_sec = symndx_to_section[RELOC_SECTION_LITA];
  gp = _bfd_get_gp_value (output_bfd);
  if (! bfd_link_relocatable (info) && lita_sec != NULL)
    {
      struct ecoff_section_tdata *lita_sec_data;

      /* Make sure we have a section data structure to which we can
	 hang on to the gp value we pick for the section.  */
      lita_sec_data = ecoff_section_data (input_bfd, lita_sec);
      if (lita_sec_data == NULL)
	{
	  amt = sizeof (struct ecoff_section_tdata);
	  lita_sec_data = ((struct ecoff_section_tdata *)
			   bfd_zalloc (input_bfd, amt));
	  lita_sec->used_by_bfd = lita_sec_data;
	}

      if (lita_sec_data->gp != 0)
	{
	  /* If we already assigned a gp to this section, we better
	     stick with that value.  */
	  gp = lita_sec_data->gp;
	}
      else
	{
	  bfd_vma lita_vma;
	  bfd_size_type lita_size;

	  lita_vma = lita_sec->output_offset + lita_sec->output_section->vma;
	  lita_size = lita_sec->size;

	  if (gp == 0
	      || lita_vma <  gp - 0x8000
	      || lita_vma + lita_size >= gp + 0x8000)
	    {
	      /* Either gp hasn't been set at all or the current gp
		 cannot address this .lita section.  In both cases we
		 reset the gp to point into the "middle" of the
		 current input .lita section.  */
	      if (gp && !ecoff_data (output_bfd)->issued_multiple_gp_warning)
		{
		  (*info->callbacks->warning) (info,
					       _("using multiple gp values"),
					       (char *) NULL, output_bfd,
					       (asection *) NULL, (bfd_vma) 0);
		  ecoff_data (output_bfd)->issued_multiple_gp_warning = true;
		}
	      if (lita_vma < gp - 0x8000)
		gp = lita_vma + lita_size - 0x8000;
	      else
		gp = lita_vma + 0x8000;

	    }

	  lita_sec_data->gp = gp;
	}

      _bfd_set_gp_value (output_bfd, gp);
    }

  gp_undefined = (gp == 0);

  BFD_ASSERT (bfd_header_little_endian (output_bfd));
  BFD_ASSERT (bfd_header_little_endian (input_bfd));

  ext_rel = (struct external_reloc *) external_relocs;
  ext_rel_end = ext_rel + input_section->reloc_count;
  for (; ext_rel < ext_rel_end; ext_rel++)
    {
      bfd_vma r_vaddr;
      unsigned long r_symndx;
      int r_type;
      int r_extern;
      int r_offset;
      int r_size;
      bool relocatep;
      bool adjust_addrp;
      bool gp_usedp;
      bfd_vma addend;
      bfd_reloc_status_type r;

      r_vaddr = H_GET_64 (input_bfd, ext_rel->r_vaddr);
      r_symndx = H_GET_32 (input_bfd, ext_rel->r_symndx);

      r_type = ((ext_rel->r_bits[0] & RELOC_BITS0_TYPE_LITTLE)
		>> RELOC_BITS0_TYPE_SH_LITTLE);
      r_extern = (ext_rel->r_bits[1] & RELOC_BITS1_EXTERN_LITTLE) != 0;
      r_offset = ((ext_rel->r_bits[1] & RELOC_BITS1_OFFSET_LITTLE)
		  >> RELOC_BITS1_OFFSET_SH_LITTLE);
      /* Ignored the reserved bits.  */
      r_size = ((ext_rel->r_bits[3] & RELOC_BITS3_SIZE_LITTLE)
		>> RELOC_BITS3_SIZE_SH_LITTLE);

      relocatep = false;
      adjust_addrp = true;
      gp_usedp = false;
      addend = 0;
      r = bfd_reloc_ok;

      switch (r_type)
	{
	default:
	  r = bfd_reloc_notsupported;
	  break;

	case ALPHA_R_IGNORE:
	  /* This reloc appears after a GPDISP reloc.  On earlier
	     versions of OSF/1, It marked the position of the second
	     instruction to be altered by the GPDISP reloc, but it is
	     not otherwise used for anything.  For some reason, the
	     address of the relocation does not appear to include the
	     section VMA, unlike the other relocation types.  */
	  if (bfd_link_relocatable (info))
	    H_PUT_64 (input_bfd, input_section->output_offset + r_vaddr,
		      ext_rel->r_vaddr);
	  adjust_addrp = false;
	  break;

	case ALPHA_R_REFLONG:
	case ALPHA_R_REFQUAD:
	case ALPHA_R_HINT:
	  relocatep = true;
	  break;

	case ALPHA_R_BRADDR:
	case ALPHA_R_SREL16:
	case ALPHA_R_SREL32:
	case ALPHA_R_SREL64:
	  if (r_extern)
	    addend += - (r_vaddr + 4);
	  relocatep = true;
	  break;

	case ALPHA_R_GPREL32:
	  /* This relocation is used in a switch table.  It is a 32
	     bit offset from the current GP value.  We must adjust it
	     by the different between the original GP value and the
	     current GP value.  */
	  relocatep = true;
	  addend = ecoff_data (input_bfd)->gp - gp;
	  gp_usedp = true;
	  break;

	case ALPHA_R_LITERAL:
	  /* This is a reference to a literal value, generally
	     (always?) in the .lita section.  This is a 16 bit GP
	     relative relocation.  Sometimes the subsequent reloc is a
	     LITUSE reloc, which indicates how this reloc is used.
	     This sometimes permits rewriting the two instructions
	     referred to by the LITERAL and the LITUSE into different
	     instructions which do not refer to .lita.  This can save
	     a memory reference, and permits removing a value from
	     .lita thus saving GP relative space.

	     We do not these optimizations.  To do them we would need
	     to arrange to link the .lita section first, so that by
	     the time we got here we would know the final values to
	     use.  This would not be particularly difficult, but it is
	     not currently implemented.  */

	  relocatep = true;
	  addend = ecoff_data (input_bfd)->gp - gp;
	  gp_usedp = true;
	  break;

	case ALPHA_R_LITUSE:
	  /* See ALPHA_R_LITERAL above for the uses of this reloc.  It
	     does not cause anything to happen, itself.  */
	  break;

	case ALPHA_R_GPDISP:
	  /* This marks the ldah of an ldah/lda pair which loads the
	     gp register with the difference of the gp value and the
	     current location.  The second of the pair is r_symndx
	     bytes ahead.  It used to be marked with an ALPHA_R_IGNORE
	     reloc, but OSF/1 3.2 no longer does that.  */
	  if (r_vaddr >= input_section->vma
	      && r_vaddr - input_section->vma < input_section->size
	      && input_section->size - (r_vaddr - input_section->vma) > r_symndx
	      && (input_section->size - (r_vaddr - input_section->vma)
		  - r_symndx >= 4))
	    {
	      /* Get the two instructions.  */
	      bfd_byte *p = contents + r_vaddr - input_section->vma;
	      bfd_vma insn1 = bfd_get_32 (input_bfd, p);
	      bfd_vma insn2 = bfd_get_32 (input_bfd, p + r_symndx);

	      BFD_ASSERT (((insn1 >> 26) & 0x3f) == 0x09); /* ldah */
	      BFD_ASSERT (((insn2 >> 26) & 0x3f) == 0x08); /* lda */

	      /* Get the existing addend.  We must account for the sign
		 extension done by lda and ldah.  */
	      addend = (((((insn1 & 0xffff) ^ 0x8000) - 0x8000) << 16)
			+ (((insn2 & 0xffff) ^ 0x8000) - 0x8000));

	      /* The existing addend includes the difference between the
		 gp of the input BFD and the address in the input BFD.
		 We want to change this to the difference between the
		 final GP and the final address.  */
	      addend -= ecoff_data (input_bfd)->gp - input_section->vma;
	      addend += gp - (input_section->output_section->vma
			      + input_section->output_offset);

	      /* Change the instructions, accounting for the sign
		 extension, and write them out.  */
	      insn1 = (insn1 & ~0xffff) | (((addend + 0x8000) >> 16) & 0xffff);
	      insn2 = (insn2 & ~0xffff) | (addend & 0xffff);

	      bfd_put_32 (input_bfd, insn1, p);
	      bfd_put_32 (input_bfd, insn2, p + r_symndx);

	      gp_usedp = true;
	    }
	  else
	    r = bfd_reloc_outofrange;
	  break;

	case ALPHA_R_OP_PUSH:
	case ALPHA_R_OP_PSUB:
	case ALPHA_R_OP_PRSHIFT:
	  /* Manipulate values on the reloc evaluation stack.  The
	     r_vaddr field is not an address in input_section, it is
	     the current value (including any addend) of the object
	     being used.  */
	  if (! r_extern)
	    {
	      asection *s;

	      s = symndx_to_section[r_symndx];
	      if (s == NULL)
		{
		  r = bfd_reloc_notsupported;
		  break;
		}
	      addend = s->output_section->vma + s->output_offset - s->vma;
	    }
	  else
	    {
	      struct ecoff_link_hash_entry *h;

	      h = sym_hashes[r_symndx];
	      if (h == NULL)
		{
		  r = bfd_reloc_notsupported;
		  break;
		}

	      if (! bfd_link_relocatable (info))
		{
		  if (h->root.type == bfd_link_hash_defined
		      || h->root.type == bfd_link_hash_defweak)
		    addend = (h->root.u.def.value
			      + h->root.u.def.section->output_section->vma
			      + h->root.u.def.section->output_offset);
		  else
		    {
		      /* Note that we pass the address as 0, since we
			 do not have a meaningful number for the
			 location within the section that is being
			 relocated.  */
		      (*info->callbacks->undefined_symbol)
			(info, h->root.root.string, input_bfd,
			 input_section, (bfd_vma) 0, true);
		      addend = 0;
		    }
		}
	      else
		{
		  if (h->root.type != bfd_link_hash_defined
		      && h->root.type != bfd_link_hash_defweak
		      && h->indx == -1)
		    {
		      /* This symbol is not being written out.  Pass
			 the address as 0, as with undefined_symbol,
			 above.  */
		      (*info->callbacks->unattached_reloc)
			(info, h->root.root.string,
			 input_bfd, input_section, (bfd_vma) 0);
		    }

		  addend = alpha_convert_external_reloc (output_bfd, info,
							 input_bfd,
							 ext_rel, h);
		}
	    }

	  addend += r_vaddr;

	  if (bfd_link_relocatable (info))
	    {
	      /* Adjust r_vaddr by the addend.  */
	      H_PUT_64 (input_bfd, addend, ext_rel->r_vaddr);
	    }
	  else
	    {
	      switch (r_type)
		{
		case ALPHA_R_OP_PUSH:
		  if (tos >= RELOC_STACKSIZE)
		    {
		      r = bfd_reloc_notsupported;
		      break;
		    }
		  stack[tos++] = addend;
		  break;

		case ALPHA_R_OP_PSUB:
		  if (tos == 0)
		    {
		      r = bfd_reloc_notsupported;
		      break;
		    }
		  stack[tos - 1] -= addend;
		  break;

		case ALPHA_R_OP_PRSHIFT:
		  if (tos == 0)
		    {
		      r = bfd_reloc_notsupported;
		      break;
		    }
		  stack[tos - 1] >>= addend;
		  break;
		}
	    }

	  adjust_addrp = false;
	  break;

	case ALPHA_R_OP_STORE:
	  /* Store a value from the reloc stack into a bitfield.  If
	     we are generating relocatable output, all we do is
	     adjust the address of the reloc.  */
	  if (! bfd_link_relocatable (info))
	    {
	      if (tos == 0)
		r = bfd_reloc_notsupported;
	      else if (!write_bit_field (input_bfd, input_section,
					 contents,
					 r_vaddr - input_section->vma,
					 r_offset, r_size, stack[--tos]))
		r = bfd_reloc_outofrange;
	    }
	  break;

	case ALPHA_R_GPVALUE:
	  /* I really don't know if this does the right thing.  */
	  gp = ecoff_data (input_bfd)->gp + r_symndx;
	  gp_undefined = false;
	  break;
	}

      if (relocatep && r == bfd_reloc_ok)
	{
	  reloc_howto_type *howto;
	  struct ecoff_link_hash_entry *h = NULL;
	  asection *s = NULL;
	  bfd_vma relocation;

	  /* Perform a relocation.  */

	  howto = &alpha_howto_table[r_type];

	  if (r_extern)
	    {
	      h = sym_hashes[r_symndx];
	      /* If h is NULL, that means that there is a reloc
		 against an external symbol which we thought was just
		 a debugging symbol.  This should not happen.  */
	      if (h == NULL)
		r = bfd_reloc_notsupported;
	    }
	  else
	    {
	      if (r_symndx >= NUM_RELOC_SECTIONS)
		s = NULL;
	      else
		s = symndx_to_section[r_symndx];

	      if (s == NULL)
		r = bfd_reloc_notsupported;

	    }

	  if (r != bfd_reloc_ok)
	    ;
	  else if (bfd_link_relocatable (info))
	    {
	      /* We are generating relocatable output, and must
		 convert the existing reloc.  */
	      if (r_extern)
		{
		  if (h->root.type != bfd_link_hash_defined
		      && h->root.type != bfd_link_hash_defweak
		      && h->indx == -1)
		    {
		      /* This symbol is not being written out.  */
		      (*info->callbacks->unattached_reloc)
			(info, h->root.root.string, input_bfd,
			 input_section, r_vaddr - input_section->vma);
		    }

		  relocation = alpha_convert_external_reloc (output_bfd,
							     info,
							     input_bfd,
							     ext_rel,
							     h);
		}
	      else
		{
		  /* This is a relocation against a section.  Adjust
		     the value by the amount the section moved.  */
		  relocation = (s->output_section->vma
				+ s->output_offset
				- s->vma);
		}

	      /* If this is PC relative, the existing object file
		 appears to already have the reloc worked out.  We
		 must subtract out the old value and add in the new
		 one.  */
	      if (howto->pc_relative)
		relocation -= (input_section->output_section->vma
			       + input_section->output_offset
			       - input_section->vma);

	      /* Put in any addend.  */
	      relocation += addend;

	      /* Adjust the contents.  */
	      r = _bfd_relocate_contents (howto, input_bfd, relocation,
					  (contents
					   + r_vaddr
					   - input_section->vma));
	    }
	  else
	    {
	      /* We are producing a final executable.  */
	      if (r_extern)
		{
		  /* This is a reloc against a symbol.  */
		  if (h->root.type == bfd_link_hash_defined
		      || h->root.type == bfd_link_hash_defweak)
		    {
		      asection *hsec;

		      hsec = h->root.u.def.section;
		      relocation = (h->root.u.def.value
				    + hsec->output_section->vma
				    + hsec->output_offset);
		    }
		  else
		    r = bfd_reloc_undefined;
		}
	      else
		{
		  /* This is a reloc against a section.  */
		  relocation = (s->output_section->vma
				+ s->output_offset
				- s->vma);

		  /* Adjust a PC relative relocation by removing the
		     reference to the original source section.  */
		  if (howto->pc_relative)
		    relocation += input_section->vma;
		}

	      if (r == bfd_reloc_ok)
		r = _bfd_final_link_relocate (howto,
					      input_bfd,
					      input_section,
					      contents,
					      r_vaddr - input_section->vma,
					      relocation,
					      addend);
	    }
	}

      if (bfd_link_relocatable (info) && adjust_addrp)
	{
	  /* Change the address of the relocation.  */
	  H_PUT_64 (input_bfd,
		    (input_section->output_section->vma
		     + input_section->output_offset
		     - input_section->vma
		     + r_vaddr),
		    ext_rel->r_vaddr);
	}

      if (gp_usedp && gp_undefined)
	{
	  r = bfd_reloc_dangerous;
	  /* Only give the error once per link.  */
	  gp = 4;
	  _bfd_set_gp_value (output_bfd, gp);
	  gp_undefined = false;
	}

      if (r != bfd_reloc_ok)
	{
	  switch (r)
	    {
	    case bfd_reloc_overflow:
	      {
		const char *name;

		if (r_extern)
		  name = sym_hashes[r_symndx]->root.root.string;
		else
		  name = bfd_section_name (symndx_to_section[r_symndx]);
		(*info->callbacks->reloc_overflow)
		  (info, NULL, name, alpha_howto_table[r_type].name,
		   (bfd_vma) 0, input_bfd, input_section,
		   r_vaddr - input_section->vma);
	      }
	      break;
	    case bfd_reloc_outofrange:
	      (*info->callbacks->einfo)
		/* xgettext:c-format */
		(_("%X%P: %pB(%pA): relocation out of range\n"),
		 input_bfd, input_section);
	      break;
	    case bfd_reloc_undefined:
	      (*info->callbacks->undefined_symbol)
		(info, sym_hashes[r_symndx]->root.root.string,
		 input_bfd, input_section,
		 r_vaddr - input_section->vma, true);
	      break;
	    case bfd_reloc_notsupported:
	      (*info->callbacks->einfo)
		/* xgettext:c-format */
		(_("%X%P: %pB(%pA): relocation is not supported\n"),
		 input_bfd, input_section);
	      break;
	    case bfd_reloc_dangerous:
	      (*info->callbacks->reloc_dangerous)
		(info, _("GP relative relocation used when GP not defined"),
		 input_bfd, input_section, r_vaddr - input_section->vma);
	      break;
	    default:
	      abort ();
	    }
	  ret = false;
	}
    }

  if (tos != 0)
    ret = false;

  return ret;
}

/* Do final adjustments to the filehdr and the aouthdr.  This routine
   sets the dynamic bits in the file header.  */

static bool
alpha_adjust_headers (bfd *abfd,
		      struct internal_filehdr *fhdr,
		      struct internal_aouthdr *ahdr ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED)
{
  if ((abfd->flags & (DYNAMIC | EXEC_P)) == (DYNAMIC | EXEC_P))
    fhdr->f_flags |= F_ALPHA_CALL_SHARED;
  else if ((abfd->flags & DYNAMIC) != 0)
    fhdr->f_flags |= F_ALPHA_SHARABLE;
  return true;
}

/* Archive handling.  In OSF/1 (or Digital Unix) v3.2, Digital
   introduced archive packing, in which the elements in an archive are
   optionally compressed using a simple dictionary scheme.  We know
   how to read such archives, but we don't write them.  */

#define alpha_ecoff_slurp_armap _bfd_ecoff_slurp_armap
#define alpha_ecoff_slurp_extended_name_table \
  _bfd_ecoff_slurp_extended_name_table
#define alpha_ecoff_construct_extended_name_table \
  _bfd_ecoff_construct_extended_name_table
#define alpha_ecoff_truncate_arname _bfd_ecoff_truncate_arname
#define alpha_ecoff_write_armap _bfd_ecoff_write_armap
#define alpha_ecoff_write_ar_hdr _bfd_generic_write_ar_hdr
#define alpha_ecoff_generic_stat_arch_elt _bfd_ecoff_generic_stat_arch_elt
#define alpha_ecoff_update_armap_timestamp _bfd_ecoff_update_armap_timestamp

/* A compressed file uses this instead of ARFMAG.  */

#define ARFZMAG "Z\012"

/* Read an archive header.  This is like the standard routine, but it
   also accepts ARFZMAG.  */

static void *
alpha_ecoff_read_ar_hdr (bfd *abfd)
{
  struct areltdata *ret;
  struct ar_hdr *h;

  ret = (struct areltdata *) _bfd_generic_read_ar_hdr_mag (abfd, ARFZMAG);
  if (ret == NULL)
    return NULL;

  h = (struct ar_hdr *) ret->arch_header;
  if (strncmp (h->ar_fmag, ARFZMAG, 2) == 0)
    {
      bfd_byte ab[8];

      /* This is a compressed file.  We must set the size correctly.
	 The size is the eight bytes after the dummy file header.  */
      if (bfd_seek (abfd, FILHSZ, SEEK_CUR) != 0
	  || bfd_read (ab, 8, abfd) != 8
	  || bfd_seek (abfd, -(FILHSZ + 8), SEEK_CUR) != 0)
	{
	  free (ret);
	  return NULL;
	}

      ret->parsed_size = H_GET_64 (abfd, ab);
    }

  return ret;
}

/* Get an archive element at a specified file position.  This is where
   we uncompress the archive element if necessary.  */

static bfd *
alpha_ecoff_get_elt_at_filepos (bfd *archive, file_ptr filepos,
				struct bfd_link_info *info)
{
  bfd *nbfd = NULL;
  struct areltdata *tdata;
  struct ar_hdr *hdr;
  bfd_byte ab[8];
  bfd_size_type size;
  bfd_byte *buf, *p;
  struct bfd_in_memory *bim;
  ufile_ptr filesize;

  buf = NULL;
  nbfd = _bfd_get_elt_at_filepos (archive, filepos, info);
  if (nbfd == NULL)
    goto error_return;

  if ((nbfd->flags & BFD_IN_MEMORY) != 0)
    {
      /* We have already expanded this BFD.  */
      return nbfd;
    }

  tdata = (struct areltdata *) nbfd->arelt_data;
  hdr = (struct ar_hdr *) tdata->arch_header;
  if (strncmp (hdr->ar_fmag, ARFZMAG, 2) != 0)
    return nbfd;

  /* We must uncompress this element.  We do this by copying it into a
     memory buffer, and making bfd_read and bfd_seek use that buffer.
     This can use a lot of memory, but it's simpler than getting a
     temporary file, making that work with the file descriptor caching
     code, and making sure that it is deleted at all appropriate
     times.  It can be changed if it ever becomes important.  */

  /* The compressed file starts with a dummy ECOFF file header.  */
  if (bfd_seek (nbfd, FILHSZ, SEEK_SET) != 0)
    goto error_return;

  /* The next eight bytes are the real file size.  */
  if (bfd_read (ab, 8, nbfd) != 8)
    goto error_return;
  size = H_GET_64 (nbfd, ab);

  /* The decompression algorithm will at most expand by eight times.  */
  filesize = bfd_get_file_size (archive);
  if (filesize != 0 && size / 8 > filesize)
    {
      bfd_set_error (bfd_error_malformed_archive);
      goto error_return;
    }

  if (size != 0)
    {
      bfd_size_type left;
      bfd_byte dict[4096];
      unsigned int h;
      bfd_byte b;

      buf = (bfd_byte *) bfd_malloc (size);
      if (buf == NULL)
	goto error_return;
      p = buf;

      left = size;

      /* I don't know what the next eight bytes are for.  */
      if (bfd_read (ab, 8, nbfd) != 8)
	goto error_return;

      /* This is the uncompression algorithm.  It's a simple
	 dictionary based scheme in which each character is predicted
	 by a hash of the previous three characters.  A control byte
	 indicates whether the character is predicted or whether it
	 appears in the input stream; each control byte manages the
	 next eight bytes in the output stream.  */
      memset (dict, 0, sizeof dict);
      h = 0;
      while (bfd_read (&b, 1, nbfd) == 1)
	{
	  unsigned int i;

	  for (i = 0; i < 8; i++, b >>= 1)
	    {
	      bfd_byte n;

	      if ((b & 1) == 0)
		n = dict[h];
	      else
		{
		  if (bfd_read (&n, 1, nbfd) != 1)
		    goto error_return;
		  dict[h] = n;
		}

	      *p++ = n;

	      --left;
	      if (left == 0)
		break;

	      h <<= 4;
	      h ^= n;
	      h &= sizeof dict - 1;
	    }

	  if (left == 0)
	    break;
	}
    }

  /* Now the uncompressed file contents are in buf.  */
  bim = ((struct bfd_in_memory *)
	 bfd_malloc ((bfd_size_type) sizeof (struct bfd_in_memory)));
  if (bim == NULL)
    goto error_return;
  bim->size = size;
  bim->buffer = buf;

  nbfd->mtime_set = true;
  nbfd->mtime = strtol (hdr->ar_date, (char **) NULL, 10);

  nbfd->flags |= BFD_IN_MEMORY;
  nbfd->iostream = bim;
  nbfd->iovec = &_bfd_memory_iovec;
  nbfd->origin = 0;
  nbfd->size = 0;
  BFD_ASSERT (! nbfd->cacheable);

  return nbfd;

 error_return:
  free (buf);
  if (nbfd != NULL)
    bfd_close (nbfd);
  return NULL;
}

/* Open the next archived file.  */

static bfd *
alpha_ecoff_openr_next_archived_file (bfd *archive, bfd *last_file)
{
  ufile_ptr filestart;

  if (last_file == NULL)
    filestart = bfd_ardata (archive)->first_file_filepos;
  else
    {
      struct areltdata *t;
      struct ar_hdr *h;
      bfd_size_type size;

      /* We can't use arelt_size here, because that uses parsed_size,
	 which is the uncompressed size.  We need the compressed size.  */
      t = (struct areltdata *) last_file->arelt_data;
      h = (struct ar_hdr *) t->arch_header;
      size = strtol (h->ar_size, (char **) NULL, 10);

      /* Pad to an even boundary...
	 Note that last_file->origin can be odd in the case of
	 BSD-4.4-style element with a long odd size.  */
      filestart = last_file->proxy_origin + size;
      filestart += filestart % 2;
      if (filestart < last_file->proxy_origin)
	{
	  /* Prevent looping.  See PR19256.  */
	  bfd_set_error (bfd_error_malformed_archive);
	  return NULL;
	}
    }

  return alpha_ecoff_get_elt_at_filepos (archive, filestart, NULL);
}

/* Open the archive file given an index into the armap.  */

static bfd *
alpha_ecoff_get_elt_at_index (bfd *abfd, symindex sym_index)
{
  carsym *entry;

  entry = bfd_ardata (abfd)->symdefs + sym_index;
  return alpha_ecoff_get_elt_at_filepos (abfd, entry->file_offset,
					 NULL);
}

static void
alpha_ecoff_swap_coff_aux_in (bfd *abfd ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED,
			      void *ext1 ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED,
			      int type ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED,
			      int in_class ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED,
			      int indx ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED,
			      int numaux ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED,
			      void *in1 ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED)
{
}

static void
alpha_ecoff_swap_coff_sym_in (bfd *abfd ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED,
			      void *ext1 ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED,
			      void *in1 ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED)
{
}

static void
alpha_ecoff_swap_coff_lineno_in (bfd *abfd ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED,
				 void *ext1 ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED,
				 void *in1 ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED)
{
}

static unsigned int
alpha_ecoff_swap_coff_aux_out (bfd *abfd ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED,
			       void *inp ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED,
			       int type ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED,
			       int in_class ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED,
			       int indx ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED,
			       int numaux ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED,
			       void *extp ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED)
{
  return 0;
}

static unsigned int
alpha_ecoff_swap_coff_sym_out (bfd *abfd ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED,
			       void *inp ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED,
			       void *extp ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED)
{
  return 0;
}

static unsigned int
alpha_ecoff_swap_coff_lineno_out (bfd *abfd ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED,
				  void *inp ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED,
				  void *extp ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED)
{
  return 0;
}

static unsigned int
alpha_ecoff_swap_coff_reloc_out (bfd *abfd ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED,
				 void *inp ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED,
				 void *extp ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED)
{
  return 0;
}

/* This is the ECOFF backend structure.  The backend field of the
   target vector points to this.  */

static const struct ecoff_backend_data alpha_ecoff_backend_data =
{
  /* COFF backend structure.  */
  {
    alpha_ecoff_swap_coff_aux_in, alpha_ecoff_swap_coff_sym_in,
    alpha_ecoff_swap_coff_lineno_in, alpha_ecoff_swap_coff_aux_out,
    alpha_ecoff_swap_coff_sym_out, alpha_ecoff_swap_coff_lineno_out,
    alpha_ecoff_swap_coff_reloc_out,
    alpha_ecoff_swap_filehdr_out, alpha_ecoff_swap_aouthdr_out,
    alpha_ecoff_swap_scnhdr_out,
    FILHSZ, AOUTSZ, SCNHSZ, 0, 0, 0, 0, FILNMLEN, true,
    ECOFF_NO_LONG_SECTION_NAMES, 4, false, 2, 32768,
    alpha_ecoff_swap_filehdr_in, alpha_ecoff_swap_aouthdr_in,
    alpha_ecoff_swap_scnhdr_in, NULL,
    alpha_ecoff_bad_format_hook, _bfd_ecoff_set_arch_mach_hook,
    alpha_ecoff_mkobject_hook, _bfd_ecoff_styp_to_sec_flags,
    _bfd_ecoff_set_alignment_hook, _bfd_ecoff_slurp_symbol_table,
    NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL,
    NULL, NULL, NULL,
  },
  /* Supported architecture.  */
  bfd_arch_alpha,
  /* Initial portion of armap string.  */
  "________64",
  /* The page boundary used to align sections in a demand-paged
     executable file.  E.g., 0x1000.  */
  0x2000,
  /* TRUE if the .rdata section is part of the text segment, as on the
     Alpha.  FALSE if .rdata is part of the data segment, as on the
     MIPS.  */
  true,
  /* Bitsize of constructor entries.  */
  64,
  /* Reloc to use for constructor entries.  */
  &alpha_howto_table[ALPHA_R_REFQUAD],
  {
    /* Symbol table magic number.  */
    magicSym2,
    /* Alignment of debugging information.  E.g., 4.  */
    8,
    /* Sizes of external symbolic information.  */
    sizeof (struct hdr_ext),
    sizeof (struct dnr_ext),
    sizeof (struct pdr_ext),
    sizeof (struct sym_ext),
    sizeof (struct opt_ext),
    sizeof (struct fdr_ext),
    sizeof (struct rfd_ext),
    sizeof (struct ext_ext),
    /* Functions to swap in external symbolic data.  */
    ecoff_swap_hdr_in,
    ecoff_swap_dnr_in,
    ecoff_swap_pdr_in,
    ecoff_swap_sym_in,
    ecoff_swap_opt_in,
    ecoff_swap_fdr_in,
    ecoff_swap_rfd_in,
    ecoff_swap_ext_in,
    _bfd_ecoff_swap_tir_in,
    _bfd_ecoff_swap_rndx_in,
    /* Functions to swap out external symbolic data.  */
    ecoff_swap_hdr_out,
    ecoff_swap_dnr_out,
    ecoff_swap_pdr_out,
    ecoff_swap_sym_out,
    ecoff_swap_opt_out,
    ecoff_swap_fdr_out,
    ecoff_swap_rfd_out,
    ecoff_swap_ext_out,
    _bfd_ecoff_swap_tir_out,
    _bfd_ecoff_swap_rndx_out,
    /* Function to read in symbolic data.  */
    _bfd_ecoff_slurp_symbolic_info
  },
  /* External reloc size.  */
  RELSZ,
  /* Reloc swapping functions.  */
  alpha_ecoff_swap_reloc_in,
  alpha_ecoff_swap_reloc_out,
  /* Backend reloc tweaking.  */
  alpha_adjust_reloc_in,
  alpha_adjust_reloc_out,
  /* Relocate section contents while linking.  */
  alpha_relocate_section,
  /* Do final adjustments to filehdr and aouthdr.  */
  alpha_adjust_headers,
  /* Read an element from an archive at a given file position.  */
  alpha_ecoff_get_elt_at_filepos
};

/* Looking up a reloc type is Alpha specific.  */
#define _bfd_ecoff_bfd_reloc_type_lookup alpha_bfd_reloc_type_lookup
#define _bfd_ecoff_bfd_reloc_name_lookup \
  alpha_bfd_reloc_name_lookup

/* So is getting relocated section contents.  */
#define _bfd_ecoff_bfd_get_relocated_section_contents \
  alpha_ecoff_get_relocated_section_contents

/* Input section flag lookup is generic.  */
#define _bfd_ecoff_bfd_lookup_section_flags bfd_generic_lookup_section_flags

/* Relaxing sections is generic.  */
#define _bfd_ecoff_bfd_relax_section bfd_generic_relax_section
#define _bfd_ecoff_bfd_gc_sections bfd_generic_gc_sections
#define _bfd_ecoff_bfd_merge_sections bfd_generic_merge_sections
#define _bfd_ecoff_bfd_is_group_section bfd_generic_is_group_section
#define _bfd_ecoff_bfd_group_name bfd_generic_group_name
#define _bfd_ecoff_bfd_discard_group bfd_generic_discard_group
#define _bfd_ecoff_section_already_linked \
  _bfd_coff_section_already_linked
#define _bfd_ecoff_bfd_define_common_symbol bfd_generic_define_common_symbol
#define _bfd_ecoff_bfd_link_hide_symbol _bfd_generic_link_hide_symbol
#define _bfd_ecoff_bfd_define_start_stop    bfd_generic_define_start_stop
#define _bfd_ecoff_bfd_link_check_relocs    _bfd_generic_link_check_relocs

/* Installing internal relocations in a section is also generic.  */
#define _bfd_ecoff_set_reloc _bfd_generic_set_reloc

const bfd_target alpha_ecoff_le_vec =
{
  "ecoff-littlealpha",		/* name */
  bfd_target_ecoff_flavour,
  BFD_ENDIAN_LITTLE,		/* data byte order is little */
  BFD_ENDIAN_LITTLE,		/* header byte order is little */

  (HAS_RELOC | EXEC_P		/* object flags */
   | HAS_LINENO | HAS_DEBUG
   | HAS_SYMS | HAS_LOCALS | DYNAMIC | WP_TEXT | D_PAGED),

  (SEC_HAS_CONTENTS | SEC_ALLOC | SEC_LOAD | SEC_RELOC | SEC_CODE
   | SEC_DATA | SEC_SMALL_DATA),
  0,				/* leading underscore */
  ' ',				/* ar_pad_char */
  15,				/* ar_max_namelen */
  0,				/* match priority.  */
  TARGET_KEEP_UNUSED_SECTION_SYMBOLS, /* keep unused section symbols.  */
  bfd_getl64, bfd_getl_signed_64, bfd_putl64,
     bfd_getl32, bfd_getl_signed_32, bfd_putl32,
     bfd_getl16, bfd_getl_signed_16, bfd_putl16, /* data */
  bfd_getl64, bfd_getl_signed_64, bfd_putl64,
     bfd_getl32, bfd_getl_signed_32, bfd_putl32,
     bfd_getl16, bfd_getl_signed_16, bfd_putl16, /* hdrs */

  {				/* bfd_check_format */
    _bfd_dummy_target,
    alpha_ecoff_object_p,
    bfd_generic_archive_p,
    _bfd_dummy_target
  },
  {				/* bfd_set_format */
    _bfd_bool_bfd_false_error,
    _bfd_ecoff_mkobject,
    _bfd_generic_mkarchive,
    _bfd_bool_bfd_false_error
  },
  {				/* bfd_write_contents */
    _bfd_bool_bfd_false_error,
    _bfd_ecoff_write_object_contents,
    _bfd_write_archive_contents,
    _bfd_bool_bfd_false_error
  },

  BFD_JUMP_TABLE_GENERIC (_bfd_ecoff),
  BFD_JUMP_TABLE_COPY (_bfd_ecoff),
  BFD_JUMP_TABLE_CORE (_bfd_nocore),
  BFD_JUMP_TABLE_ARCHIVE (alpha_ecoff),
  BFD_JUMP_TABLE_SYMBOLS (_bfd_ecoff),
  BFD_JUMP_TABLE_RELOCS (_bfd_ecoff),
  BFD_JUMP_TABLE_WRITE (_bfd_ecoff),
  BFD_JUMP_TABLE_LINK (_bfd_ecoff),
  BFD_JUMP_TABLE_DYNAMIC (_bfd_nodynamic),

  NULL,

  &alpha_ecoff_backend_data
};