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     25 <title>Installing GCC</title>
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     64 <h1 class="settitle" align="center">Installing GCC</h1>
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     91 <h1 align="center">Installing GCC: GNU Free Documentation License</h1>
     92 
     93 <a name="index-FDL_002c-GNU-Free-Documentation-License"></a>
     94 <div align="center">Version 1.3, 3 November 2008
     95 </div>
     96 <div class="display">
     97 <pre class="display">Copyright &copy; 2000, 2001, 2002, 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
     98 <a href="http://fsf.org/">http://fsf.org/</a>
     99 
    100 Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies
    101 of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.
    102 </pre></div>
    103 
    104 <ol start="0">
    105 <li> PREAMBLE
    106 
    107 <p>The purpose of this License is to make a manual, textbook, or other
    108 functional and useful document <em>free</em> in the sense of freedom: to
    109 assure everyone the effective freedom to copy and redistribute it,
    110 with or without modifying it, either commercially or noncommercially.
    111 Secondarily, this License preserves for the author and publisher a way
    112 to get credit for their work, while not being considered responsible
    113 for modifications made by others.
    114 </p>
    115 <p>This License is a kind of &ldquo;copyleft&rdquo;, which means that derivative
    116 works of the document must themselves be free in the same sense.  It
    117 complements the GNU General Public License, which is a copyleft
    118 license designed for free software.
    119 </p>
    120 <p>We have designed this License in order to use it for manuals for free
    121 software, because free software needs free documentation: a free
    122 program should come with manuals providing the same freedoms that the
    123 software does.  But this License is not limited to software manuals;
    124 it can be used for any textual work, regardless of subject matter or
    125 whether it is published as a printed book.  We recommend this License
    126 principally for works whose purpose is instruction or reference.
    127 </p>
    128 </li><li> APPLICABILITY AND DEFINITIONS
    129 
    130 <p>This License applies to any manual or other work, in any medium, that
    131 contains a notice placed by the copyright holder saying it can be
    132 distributed under the terms of this License.  Such a notice grants a
    133 world-wide, royalty-free license, unlimited in duration, to use that
    134 work under the conditions stated herein.  The &ldquo;Document&rdquo;, below,
    135 refers to any such manual or work.  Any member of the public is a
    136 licensee, and is addressed as &ldquo;you&rdquo;.  You accept the license if you
    137 copy, modify or distribute the work in a way requiring permission
    138 under copyright law.
    139 </p>
    140 <p>A &ldquo;Modified Version&rdquo; of the Document means any work containing the
    141 Document or a portion of it, either copied verbatim, or with
    142 modifications and/or translated into another language.
    143 </p>
    144 <p>A &ldquo;Secondary Section&rdquo; is a named appendix or a front-matter section
    145 of the Document that deals exclusively with the relationship of the
    146 publishers or authors of the Document to the Document&rsquo;s overall
    147 subject (or to related matters) and contains nothing that could fall
    148 directly within that overall subject.  (Thus, if the Document is in
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    150 any mathematics.)  The relationship could be a matter of historical
    151 connection with the subject or with related matters, or of legal,
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    154 </p>
    155 <p>The &ldquo;Invariant Sections&rdquo; are certain Secondary Sections whose titles
    156 are designated, as being those of Invariant Sections, in the notice
    157 that says that the Document is released under this License.  If a
    158 section does not fit the above definition of Secondary then it is not
    159 allowed to be designated as Invariant.  The Document may contain zero
    160 Invariant Sections.  If the Document does not identify any Invariant
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    162 </p>
    163 <p>The &ldquo;Cover Texts&rdquo; are certain short passages of text that are listed,
    164 as Front-Cover Texts or Back-Cover Texts, in the notice that says that
    165 the Document is released under this License.  A Front-Cover Text may
    166 be at most 5 words, and a Back-Cover Text may be at most 25 words.
    167 </p>
    168 <p>A &ldquo;Transparent&rdquo; copy of the Document means a machine-readable copy,
    169 represented in a format whose specification is available to the
    170 general public, that is suitable for revising the document
    171 straightforwardly with generic text editors or (for images composed of
    172 pixels) generic paint programs or (for drawings) some widely available
    173 drawing editor, and that is suitable for input to text formatters or
    174 for automatic translation to a variety of formats suitable for input
    175 to text formatters.  A copy made in an otherwise Transparent file
    176 format whose markup, or absence of markup, has been arranged to thwart
    177 or discourage subsequent modification by readers is not Transparent.
    178 An image format is not Transparent if used for any substantial amount
    179 of text.  A copy that is not &ldquo;Transparent&rdquo; is called &ldquo;Opaque&rdquo;.
    180 </p>
    181 <p>Examples of suitable formats for Transparent copies include plain
    182 <small>ASCII</small> without markup, Texinfo input format, LaTeX input
    183 format, <acronym>SGML</acronym> or <acronym>XML</acronym> using a publicly available
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    187 <acronym>JPG</acronym>.  Opaque formats include proprietary formats that can be
    188 read and edited only by proprietary word processors, <acronym>SGML</acronym> or
    189 <acronym>XML</acronym> for which the <acronym>DTD</acronym> and/or processing tools are
    190 not generally available, and the machine-generated <acronym>HTML</acronym>,
    191 PostScript or <acronym>PDF</acronym> produced by some word processors for
    192 output purposes only.
    193 </p>
    194 <p>The &ldquo;Title Page&rdquo; means, for a printed book, the title page itself,
    195 plus such following pages as are needed to hold, legibly, the material
    196 this License requires to appear in the title page.  For works in
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    198 the text near the most prominent appearance of the work&rsquo;s title,
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    201 <p>The &ldquo;publisher&rdquo; means any person or entity that distributes copies
    202 of the Document to the public.
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    204 <p>A section &ldquo;Entitled XYZ&rdquo; means a named subunit of the Document whose
    205 title either is precisely XYZ or contains XYZ in parentheses following
    206 text that translates XYZ in another language.  (Here XYZ stands for a
    207 specific section name mentioned below, such as &ldquo;Acknowledgements&rdquo;,
    208 &ldquo;Dedications&rdquo;, &ldquo;Endorsements&rdquo;, or &ldquo;History&rdquo;.)  To &ldquo;Preserve the Title&rdquo;
    209 of such a section when you modify the Document means that it remains a
    210 section &ldquo;Entitled XYZ&rdquo; according to this definition.
    211 </p>
    212 <p>The Document may include Warranty Disclaimers next to the notice which
    213 states that this License applies to the Document.  These Warranty
    214 Disclaimers are considered to be included by reference in this
    215 License, but only as regards disclaiming warranties: any other
    216 implication that these Warranty Disclaimers may have is void and has
    217 no effect on the meaning of this License.
    218 </p>
    219 </li><li> VERBATIM COPYING
    220 
    221 <p>You may copy and distribute the Document in any medium, either
    222 commercially or noncommercially, provided that this License, the
    223 copyright notices, and the license notice saying this License applies
    224 to the Document are reproduced in all copies, and that you add no other
    225 conditions whatsoever to those of this License.  You may not use
    226 technical measures to obstruct or control the reading or further
    227 copying of the copies you make or distribute.  However, you may accept
    228 compensation in exchange for copies.  If you distribute a large enough
    229 number of copies you must also follow the conditions in section 3.
    230 </p>
    231 <p>You may also lend copies, under the same conditions stated above, and
    232 you may publicly display copies.
    233 </p>
    234 </li><li> COPYING IN QUANTITY
    235 
    236 <p>If you publish printed copies (or copies in media that commonly have
    237 printed covers) of the Document, numbering more than 100, and the
    238 Document&rsquo;s license notice requires Cover Texts, you must enclose the
    239 copies in covers that carry, clearly and legibly, all these Cover
    240 Texts: Front-Cover Texts on the front cover, and Back-Cover Texts on
    241 the back cover.  Both covers must also clearly and legibly identify
    242 you as the publisher of these copies.  The front cover must present
    243 the full title with all words of the title equally prominent and
    244 visible.  You may add other material on the covers in addition.
    245 Copying with changes limited to the covers, as long as they preserve
    246 the title of the Document and satisfy these conditions, can be treated
    247 as verbatim copying in other respects.
    248 </p>
    249 <p>If the required texts for either cover are too voluminous to fit
    250 legibly, you should put the first ones listed (as many as fit
    251 reasonably) on the actual cover, and continue the rest onto adjacent
    252 pages.
    253 </p>
    254 <p>If you publish or distribute Opaque copies of the Document numbering
    255 more than 100, you must either include a machine-readable Transparent
    256 copy along with each Opaque copy, or state in or with each Opaque copy
    257 a computer-network location from which the general network-using
    258 public has access to download using public-standard network protocols
    259 a complete Transparent copy of the Document, free of added material.
    260 If you use the latter option, you must take reasonably prudent steps,
    261 when you begin distribution of Opaque copies in quantity, to ensure
    262 that this Transparent copy will remain thus accessible at the stated
    263 location until at least one year after the last time you distribute an
    264 Opaque copy (directly or through your agents or retailers) of that
    265 edition to the public.
    266 </p>
    267 <p>It is requested, but not required, that you contact the authors of the
    268 Document well before redistributing any large number of copies, to give
    269 them a chance to provide you with an updated version of the Document.
    270 </p>
    271 </li><li> MODIFICATIONS
    272 
    273 <p>You may copy and distribute a Modified Version of the Document under
    274 the conditions of sections 2 and 3 above, provided that you release
    275 the Modified Version under precisely this License, with the Modified
    276 Version filling the role of the Document, thus licensing distribution
    277 and modification of the Modified Version to whoever possesses a copy
    278 of it.  In addition, you must do these things in the Modified Version:
    279 </p>
    280 <ol type="A" start="1">
    281 <li> Use in the Title Page (and on the covers, if any) a title distinct
    282 from that of the Document, and from those of previous versions
    283 (which should, if there were any, be listed in the History section
    284 of the Document).  You may use the same title as a previous version
    285 if the original publisher of that version gives permission.
    286 
    287 </li><li> List on the Title Page, as authors, one or more persons or entities
    288 responsible for authorship of the modifications in the Modified
    289 Version, together with at least five of the principal authors of the
    290 Document (all of its principal authors, if it has fewer than five),
    291 unless they release you from this requirement.
    292 
    293 </li><li> State on the Title page the name of the publisher of the
    294 Modified Version, as the publisher.
    295 
    296 </li><li> Preserve all the copyright notices of the Document.
    297 
    298 </li><li> Add an appropriate copyright notice for your modifications
    299 adjacent to the other copyright notices.
    300 
    301 </li><li> Include, immediately after the copyright notices, a license notice
    302 giving the public permission to use the Modified Version under the
    303 terms of this License, in the form shown in the Addendum below.
    304 
    305 </li><li> Preserve in that license notice the full lists of Invariant Sections
    306 and required Cover Texts given in the Document&rsquo;s license notice.
    307 
    308 </li><li> Include an unaltered copy of this License.
    309 
    310 </li><li> Preserve the section Entitled &ldquo;History&rdquo;, Preserve its Title, and add
    311 to it an item stating at least the title, year, new authors, and
    312 publisher of the Modified Version as given on the Title Page.  If
    313 there is no section Entitled &ldquo;History&rdquo; in the Document, create one
    314 stating the title, year, authors, and publisher of the Document as
    315 given on its Title Page, then add an item describing the Modified
    316 Version as stated in the previous sentence.
    317 
    318 </li><li> Preserve the network location, if any, given in the Document for
    319 public access to a Transparent copy of the Document, and likewise
    320 the network locations given in the Document for previous versions
    321 it was based on.  These may be placed in the &ldquo;History&rdquo; section.
    322 You may omit a network location for a work that was published at
    323 least four years before the Document itself, or if the original
    324 publisher of the version it refers to gives permission.
    325 
    326 </li><li> For any section Entitled &ldquo;Acknowledgements&rdquo; or &ldquo;Dedications&rdquo;, Preserve
    327 the Title of the section, and preserve in the section all the
    328 substance and tone of each of the contributor acknowledgements and/or
    329 dedications given therein.
    330 
    331 </li><li> Preserve all the Invariant Sections of the Document,
    332 unaltered in their text and in their titles.  Section numbers
    333 or the equivalent are not considered part of the section titles.
    334 
    335 </li><li> Delete any section Entitled &ldquo;Endorsements&rdquo;.  Such a section
    336 may not be included in the Modified Version.
    337 
    338 </li><li> Do not retitle any existing section to be Entitled &ldquo;Endorsements&rdquo; or
    339 to conflict in title with any Invariant Section.
    340 
    341 </li><li> Preserve any Warranty Disclaimers.
    342 </li></ol>
    343 
    344 <p>If the Modified Version includes new front-matter sections or
    345 appendices that qualify as Secondary Sections and contain no material
    346 copied from the Document, you may at your option designate some or all
    347 of these sections as invariant.  To do this, add their titles to the
    348 list of Invariant Sections in the Modified Version&rsquo;s license notice.
    349 These titles must be distinct from any other section titles.
    350 </p>
    351 <p>You may add a section Entitled &ldquo;Endorsements&rdquo;, provided it contains
    352 nothing but endorsements of your Modified Version by various
    353 parties&mdash;for example, statements of peer review or that the text has
    354 been approved by an organization as the authoritative definition of a
    355 standard.
    356 </p>
    357 <p>You may add a passage of up to five words as a Front-Cover Text, and a
    358 passage of up to 25 words as a Back-Cover Text, to the end of the list
    359 of Cover Texts in the Modified Version.  Only one passage of
    360 Front-Cover Text and one of Back-Cover Text may be added by (or
    361 through arrangements made by) any one entity.  If the Document already
    362 includes a cover text for the same cover, previously added by you or
    363 by arrangement made by the same entity you are acting on behalf of,
    364 you may not add another; but you may replace the old one, on explicit
    365 permission from the previous publisher that added the old one.
    366 </p>
    367 <p>The author(s) and publisher(s) of the Document do not by this License
    368 give permission to use their names for publicity for or to assert or
    369 imply endorsement of any Modified Version.
    370 </p>
    371 </li><li> COMBINING DOCUMENTS
    372 
    373 <p>You may combine the Document with other documents released under this
    374 License, under the terms defined in section 4 above for modified
    375 versions, provided that you include in the combination all of the
    376 Invariant Sections of all of the original documents, unmodified, and
    377 list them all as Invariant Sections of your combined work in its
    378 license notice, and that you preserve all their Warranty Disclaimers.
    379 </p>
    380 <p>The combined work need only contain one copy of this License, and
    381 multiple identical Invariant Sections may be replaced with a single
    382 copy.  If there are multiple Invariant Sections with the same name but
    383 different contents, make the title of each such section unique by
    384 adding at the end of it, in parentheses, the name of the original
    385 author or publisher of that section if known, or else a unique number.
    386 Make the same adjustment to the section titles in the list of
    387 Invariant Sections in the license notice of the combined work.
    388 </p>
    389 <p>In the combination, you must combine any sections Entitled &ldquo;History&rdquo;
    390 in the various original documents, forming one section Entitled
    391 &ldquo;History&rdquo;; likewise combine any sections Entitled &ldquo;Acknowledgements&rdquo;,
    392 and any sections Entitled &ldquo;Dedications&rdquo;.  You must delete all
    393 sections Entitled &ldquo;Endorsements.&rdquo;
    394 </p>
    395 </li><li> COLLECTIONS OF DOCUMENTS
    396 
    397 <p>You may make a collection consisting of the Document and other documents
    398 released under this License, and replace the individual copies of this
    399 License in the various documents with a single copy that is included in
    400 the collection, provided that you follow the rules of this License for
    401 verbatim copying of each of the documents in all other respects.
    402 </p>
    403 <p>You may extract a single document from such a collection, and distribute
    404 it individually under this License, provided you insert a copy of this
    405 License into the extracted document, and follow this License in all
    406 other respects regarding verbatim copying of that document.
    407 </p>
    408 </li><li> AGGREGATION WITH INDEPENDENT WORKS
    409 
    410 <p>A compilation of the Document or its derivatives with other separate
    411 and independent documents or works, in or on a volume of a storage or
    412 distribution medium, is called an &ldquo;aggregate&rdquo; if the copyright
    413 resulting from the compilation is not used to limit the legal rights
    414 of the compilation&rsquo;s users beyond what the individual works permit.
    415 When the Document is included in an aggregate, this License does not
    416 apply to the other works in the aggregate which are not themselves
    417 derivative works of the Document.
    418 </p>
    419 <p>If the Cover Text requirement of section 3 is applicable to these
    420 copies of the Document, then if the Document is less than one half of
    421 the entire aggregate, the Document&rsquo;s Cover Texts may be placed on
    422 covers that bracket the Document within the aggregate, or the
    423 electronic equivalent of covers if the Document is in electronic form.
    424 Otherwise they must appear on printed covers that bracket the whole
    425 aggregate.
    426 </p>
    427 </li><li> TRANSLATION
    428 
    429 <p>Translation is considered a kind of modification, so you may
    430 distribute translations of the Document under the terms of section 4.
    431 Replacing Invariant Sections with translations requires special
    432 permission from their copyright holders, but you may include
    433 translations of some or all Invariant Sections in addition to the
    434 original versions of these Invariant Sections.  You may include a
    435 translation of this License, and all the license notices in the
    436 Document, and any Warranty Disclaimers, provided that you also include
    437 the original English version of this License and the original versions
    438 of those notices and disclaimers.  In case of a disagreement between
    439 the translation and the original version of this License or a notice
    440 or disclaimer, the original version will prevail.
    441 </p>
    442 <p>If a section in the Document is Entitled &ldquo;Acknowledgements&rdquo;,
    443 &ldquo;Dedications&rdquo;, or &ldquo;History&rdquo;, the requirement (section 4) to Preserve
    444 its Title (section 1) will typically require changing the actual
    445 title.
    446 </p>
    447 </li><li> TERMINATION
    448 
    449 <p>You may not copy, modify, sublicense, or distribute the Document
    450 except as expressly provided under this License.  Any attempt
    451 otherwise to copy, modify, sublicense, or distribute it is void, and
    452 will automatically terminate your rights under this License.
    453 </p>
    454 <p>However, if you cease all violation of this License, then your license
    455 from a particular copyright holder is reinstated (a) provisionally,
    456 unless and until the copyright holder explicitly and finally
    457 terminates your license, and (b) permanently, if the copyright holder
    458 fails to notify you of the violation by some reasonable means prior to
    459 60 days after the cessation.
    460 </p>
    461 <p>Moreover, your license from a particular copyright holder is
    462 reinstated permanently if the copyright holder notifies you of the
    463 violation by some reasonable means, this is the first time you have
    464 received notice of violation of this License (for any work) from that
    465 copyright holder, and you cure the violation prior to 30 days after
    466 your receipt of the notice.
    467 </p>
    468 <p>Termination of your rights under this section does not terminate the
    469 licenses of parties who have received copies or rights from you under
    470 this License.  If your rights have been terminated and not permanently
    471 reinstated, receipt of a copy of some or all of the same material does
    472 not give you any rights to use it.
    473 </p>
    474 </li><li> FUTURE REVISIONS OF THIS LICENSE
    475 
    476 <p>The Free Software Foundation may publish new, revised versions
    477 of the GNU Free Documentation License from time to time.  Such new
    478 versions will be similar in spirit to the present version, but may
    479 differ in detail to address new problems or concerns.  See
    480 <a href="http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/">http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/</a>.
    481 </p>
    482 <p>Each version of the License is given a distinguishing version number.
    483 If the Document specifies that a particular numbered version of this
    484 License &ldquo;or any later version&rdquo; applies to it, you have the option of
    485 following the terms and conditions either of that specified version or
    486 of any later version that has been published (not as a draft) by the
    487 Free Software Foundation.  If the Document does not specify a version
    488 number of this License, you may choose any version ever published (not
    489 as a draft) by the Free Software Foundation.  If the Document
    490 specifies that a proxy can decide which future versions of this
    491 License can be used, that proxy&rsquo;s public statement of acceptance of a
    492 version permanently authorizes you to choose that version for the
    493 Document.
    494 </p>
    495 </li><li> RELICENSING
    496 
    497 <p>&ldquo;Massive Multiauthor Collaboration Site&rdquo; (or &ldquo;MMC Site&rdquo;) means any
    498 World Wide Web server that publishes copyrightable works and also
    499 provides prominent facilities for anybody to edit those works.  A
    500 public wiki that anybody can edit is an example of such a server.  A
    501 &ldquo;Massive Multiauthor Collaboration&rdquo; (or &ldquo;MMC&rdquo;) contained in the
    502 site means any set of copyrightable works thus published on the MMC
    503 site.
    504 </p>
    505 <p>&ldquo;CC-BY-SA&rdquo; means the Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0
    506 license published by Creative Commons Corporation, a not-for-profit
    507 corporation with a principal place of business in San Francisco,
    508 California, as well as future copyleft versions of that license
    509 published by that same organization.
    510 </p>
    511 <p>&ldquo;Incorporate&rdquo; means to publish or republish a Document, in whole or
    512 in part, as part of another Document.
    513 </p>
    514 <p>An MMC is &ldquo;eligible for relicensing&rdquo; if it is licensed under this
    515 License, and if all works that were first published under this License
    516 somewhere other than this MMC, and subsequently incorporated in whole
    517 or in part into the MMC, (1) had no cover texts or invariant sections,
    518 and (2) were thus incorporated prior to November 1, 2008.
    519 </p>
    520 <p>The operator of an MMC Site may republish an MMC contained in the site
    521 under CC-BY-SA on the same site at any time before August 1, 2009,
    522 provided the MMC is eligible for relicensing.
    523 </p>
    524 </li></ol>
    525 
    526 <a name="ADDENDUM_003a-How-to-use-this-License-for-your-documents"></a>
    527 <h3 class="unnumberedsec">ADDENDUM: How to use this License for your documents</h3>
    528 
    529 <p>To use this License in a document you have written, include a copy of
    530 the License in the document and put the following copyright and
    531 license notices just after the title page:
    532 </p>
    533 <div class="smallexample">
    534 <pre class="smallexample">  Copyright (C)  <var>year</var>  <var>your name</var>.
    535   Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document
    536   under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.3
    537   or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation;
    538   with no Invariant Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover
    539   Texts.  A copy of the license is included in the section entitled ``GNU
    540   Free Documentation License''.
    541 </pre></div>
    542 
    543 <p>If you have Invariant Sections, Front-Cover Texts and Back-Cover Texts,
    544 replace the &ldquo;with...Texts.&rdquo; line with this:
    545 </p>
    546 <div class="smallexample">
    547 <pre class="smallexample">    with the Invariant Sections being <var>list their titles</var>, with
    548     the Front-Cover Texts being <var>list</var>, and with the Back-Cover Texts
    549     being <var>list</var>.
    550 </pre></div>
    551 
    552 <p>If you have Invariant Sections without Cover Texts, or some other
    553 combination of the three, merge those two alternatives to suit the
    554 situation.
    555 </p>
    556 <p>If your document contains nontrivial examples of program code, we
    557 recommend releasing these examples in parallel under your choice of
    558 free software license, such as the GNU General Public License,
    559 to permit their use in free software.
    560 </p>
    561 
    562 <hr />
    563 <p>
    564 <p><a href="./index.html">Return to the GCC Installation page</a>
    565 </p>
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    567 <hr>
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