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encoding.c revision 1.1
      1 /* Encoding of types for Objective C.
      2    Copyright (C) 1993, 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998, 2000, 2002, 2004, 2009
      3    Free Software Foundation, Inc.
      4    Contributed by Kresten Krab Thorup
      5    Bitfield support by Ovidiu Predescu
      6 
      7 This file is part of GCC.
      8 
      9 GCC is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
     10 it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
     11 the Free Software Foundation; either version 3, or (at your option)
     12 any later version.
     13 
     14 GCC is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
     15 but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
     16 MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
     17 GNU General Public License for more details.
     18 
     19 Under Section 7 of GPL version 3, you are granted additional
     20 permissions described in the GCC Runtime Library Exception, version
     21 3.1, as published by the Free Software Foundation.
     22 
     23 You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License and
     24 a copy of the GCC Runtime Library Exception along with this program;
     25 see the files COPYING3 and COPYING.RUNTIME respectively.  If not, see
     26 <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.  */
     27 
     28 /* FIXME: This file has no business including tm.h.  */
     29 
     30 #include "tconfig.h"
     31 #include "coretypes.h"
     32 #include "tm.h"
     33 #include "objc/objc-api.h"
     34 #include "objc/encoding.h"
     35 #include <stdlib.h>
     36 
     37 #undef  MAX
     38 #define MAX(X, Y)                    \
     39   ({ typeof (X) __x = (X), __y = (Y); \
     40      (__x > __y ? __x : __y); })
     41 
     42 #undef  MIN
     43 #define MIN(X, Y)                    \
     44   ({ typeof (X) __x = (X), __y = (Y); \
     45      (__x < __y ? __x : __y); })
     46 
     47 #undef  ROUND
     48 #define ROUND(V, A) \
     49   ({ typeof (V) __v = (V); typeof (A) __a = (A); \
     50      __a * ((__v+__a - 1)/__a); })
     51 
     52 
     53 /* Various hacks for objc_layout_record. These are used by the target
     54    macros. */
     55 
     56 #define TREE_CODE(TYPE) *(TYPE)
     57 #define TREE_TYPE(TREE) (TREE)
     58 
     59 #define RECORD_TYPE     _C_STRUCT_B
     60 #define UNION_TYPE      _C_UNION_B
     61 #define QUAL_UNION_TYPE _C_UNION_B
     62 #define ARRAY_TYPE      _C_ARY_B
     63 
     64 #define REAL_TYPE       _C_DBL
     65 
     66 #define VECTOR_TYPE	_C_VECTOR
     67 
     68 #define TYPE_FIELDS(TYPE)           ({const char *_field = (TYPE)+1; \
     69     while (*_field != _C_STRUCT_E && *_field != _C_STRUCT_B \
     70            && *_field != _C_UNION_B && *_field++ != '=') \
     71     /* do nothing */; \
     72     _field;})
     73 
     74 #define DECL_MODE(TYPE) *(TYPE)
     75 #define TYPE_MODE(TYPE) *(TYPE)
     76 
     77 #define DFmode          _C_DBL
     78 
     79 #define strip_array_types(TYPE)      ({const char *_field = (TYPE); \
     80   while (*_field == _C_ARY_B)\
     81     {\
     82       while (isdigit ((unsigned char)*++_field))\
     83 	;\
     84     }\
     85     _field;})
     86 
     87 /* Some ports (eg ARM) allow the structure size boundary to be
     88    selected at compile-time.  We override the normal definition with
     89    one that has a constant value for this compilation.  */
     90 #ifndef BITS_PER_UNIT
     91 #define BITS_PER_UNIT 8
     92 #endif
     93 #undef  STRUCTURE_SIZE_BOUNDARY
     94 #define STRUCTURE_SIZE_BOUNDARY (BITS_PER_UNIT * sizeof (struct{char a;}))
     95 
     96 /* Some ROUND_TYPE_ALIGN macros use TARGET_foo, and consequently
     97    target_flags.  Define a dummy entry here to so we don't die.
     98    We have to rename it because target_flags may already have been
     99    declared extern.  */
    100 #define target_flags not_target_flags
    101 static int __attribute__ ((__unused__)) not_target_flags = 0;
    102 
    103 /* Some ROUND_TYPE_ALIGN use ALTIVEC_VECTOR_MODE (rs6000 darwin).
    104    Define a dummy ALTIVEC_VECTOR_MODE so it will not die.  */
    105 #undef ALTIVEC_VECTOR_MODE
    106 #define ALTIVEC_VECTOR_MODE(MODE) (0)
    107 
    108 
    109 /*  FIXME: while this file has no business including tm.h, this
    110     definitely has no business defining this macro but it
    111     is only way around without really rewritting this file,
    112     should look after the branch of 3.4 to fix this.  */
    113 #define rs6000_special_round_type_align(STRUCT, COMPUTED, SPECIFIED)	\
    114   ({ const char *_fields = TYPE_FIELDS (STRUCT);				\
    115   ((_fields != 0							\
    116     && TYPE_MODE (strip_array_types (TREE_TYPE (_fields))) == DFmode)	\
    117    ? MAX (MAX (COMPUTED, SPECIFIED), 64)				\
    118    : MAX (COMPUTED, SPECIFIED));})
    119 /* FIXME: The word 'fixme' is insufficient to explain the wrong-ness
    120    of this next macro definition.  */
    121 #define darwin_rs6000_special_round_type_align(S,C,S2) \
    122   rs6000_special_round_type_align(S,C,S2)
    123 
    124 /*
    125   return the size of an object specified by type
    126 */
    127 
    128 int
    129 objc_sizeof_type (const char *type)
    130 {
    131   /* Skip the variable name if any */
    132   if (*type == '"')
    133     {
    134       for (type++; *type++ != '"';)
    135 	/* do nothing */;
    136     }
    137 
    138   switch (*type) {
    139   case _C_BOOL:
    140     return sizeof (_Bool);
    141     break;
    142 
    143   case _C_ID:
    144     return sizeof (id);
    145     break;
    146 
    147   case _C_CLASS:
    148     return sizeof (Class);
    149     break;
    150 
    151   case _C_SEL:
    152     return sizeof (SEL);
    153     break;
    154 
    155   case _C_CHR:
    156     return sizeof (char);
    157     break;
    158 
    159   case _C_UCHR:
    160     return sizeof (unsigned char);
    161     break;
    162 
    163   case _C_SHT:
    164     return sizeof (short);
    165     break;
    166 
    167   case _C_USHT:
    168     return sizeof (unsigned short);
    169     break;
    170 
    171   case _C_INT:
    172     return sizeof (int);
    173     break;
    174 
    175   case _C_UINT:
    176     return sizeof (unsigned int);
    177     break;
    178 
    179   case _C_LNG:
    180     return sizeof (long);
    181     break;
    182 
    183   case _C_ULNG:
    184     return sizeof (unsigned long);
    185     break;
    186 
    187   case _C_LNG_LNG:
    188     return sizeof (long long);
    189     break;
    190 
    191   case _C_ULNG_LNG:
    192     return sizeof (unsigned long long);
    193     break;
    194 
    195   case _C_FLT:
    196     return sizeof (float);
    197     break;
    198 
    199   case _C_DBL:
    200     return sizeof (double);
    201     break;
    202 
    203   case _C_VOID:
    204     return sizeof (void);
    205     break;
    206 
    207   case _C_PTR:
    208   case _C_ATOM:
    209   case _C_CHARPTR:
    210     return sizeof (char *);
    211     break;
    212 
    213   case _C_ARY_B:
    214     {
    215       int len = atoi (type + 1);
    216       while (isdigit ((unsigned char)*++type))
    217 	;
    218       return len * objc_aligned_size (type);
    219     }
    220     break;
    221 
    222   case _C_BFLD:
    223     {
    224       /* The new encoding of bitfields is: b 'position' 'type' 'size' */
    225       int position, size;
    226       int startByte, endByte;
    227 
    228       position = atoi (type + 1);
    229       while (isdigit ((unsigned char)*++type))
    230 	;
    231       size = atoi (type + 1);
    232 
    233       startByte = position / BITS_PER_UNIT;
    234       endByte = (position + size) / BITS_PER_UNIT;
    235       return endByte - startByte;
    236     }
    237 
    238   case _C_UNION_B:
    239   case _C_STRUCT_B:
    240     {
    241       struct objc_struct_layout layout;
    242       unsigned int size;
    243 
    244       objc_layout_structure (type, &layout);
    245       while (objc_layout_structure_next_member (&layout))
    246         /* do nothing */ ;
    247       objc_layout_finish_structure (&layout, &size, NULL);
    248 
    249       return size;
    250     }
    251 
    252   case _C_COMPLEX:
    253     {
    254       type++; /* Skip after the 'j'. */
    255       switch (*type)
    256         {
    257 	    case _C_CHR:
    258 	      return sizeof (_Complex char);
    259 	      break;
    260 
    261 	    case _C_UCHR:
    262 	      return sizeof (_Complex unsigned char);
    263 	      break;
    264 
    265 	    case _C_SHT:
    266 	      return sizeof (_Complex short);
    267 	      break;
    268 
    269 	    case _C_USHT:
    270 	      return sizeof (_Complex unsigned short);
    271 	      break;
    272 
    273 	    case _C_INT:
    274 	      return sizeof (_Complex int);
    275 	      break;
    276 
    277 	    case _C_UINT:
    278 	      return sizeof (_Complex unsigned int);
    279 	      break;
    280 
    281 	    case _C_LNG:
    282 	      return sizeof (_Complex long);
    283 	      break;
    284 
    285 	    case _C_ULNG:
    286 	      return sizeof (_Complex unsigned long);
    287 	      break;
    288 
    289 	    case _C_LNG_LNG:
    290 	      return sizeof (_Complex long long);
    291 	      break;
    292 
    293 	    case _C_ULNG_LNG:
    294 	      return sizeof (_Complex unsigned long long);
    295 	      break;
    296 
    297 	    case _C_FLT:
    298 	      return sizeof (_Complex float);
    299 	      break;
    300 
    301 	    case _C_DBL:
    302 	      return sizeof (_Complex double);
    303 	      break;
    304 
    305 	    default:
    306 	      {
    307 		objc_error (nil, OBJC_ERR_BAD_TYPE, "unknown complex type %s\n",
    308 			    type);
    309 		return 0;
    310 	      }
    311 	}
    312     }
    313 
    314   default:
    315     {
    316       objc_error (nil, OBJC_ERR_BAD_TYPE, "unknown type %s\n", type);
    317       return 0;
    318     }
    319   }
    320 }
    321 
    322 
    323 /*
    324   Return the alignment of an object specified by type
    325 */
    326 
    327 int
    328 objc_alignof_type (const char *type)
    329 {
    330   /* Skip the variable name if any */
    331   if (*type == '"')
    332     {
    333       for (type++; *type++ != '"';)
    334 	/* do nothing */;
    335     }
    336   switch (*type) {
    337   case _C_BOOL:
    338     return __alignof__ (_Bool);
    339     break;
    340 
    341   case _C_ID:
    342     return __alignof__ (id);
    343     break;
    344 
    345   case _C_CLASS:
    346     return __alignof__ (Class);
    347     break;
    348 
    349   case _C_SEL:
    350     return __alignof__ (SEL);
    351     break;
    352 
    353   case _C_CHR:
    354     return __alignof__ (char);
    355     break;
    356 
    357   case _C_UCHR:
    358     return __alignof__ (unsigned char);
    359     break;
    360 
    361   case _C_SHT:
    362     return __alignof__ (short);
    363     break;
    364 
    365   case _C_USHT:
    366     return __alignof__ (unsigned short);
    367     break;
    368 
    369   case _C_INT:
    370     return __alignof__ (int);
    371     break;
    372 
    373   case _C_UINT:
    374     return __alignof__ (unsigned int);
    375     break;
    376 
    377   case _C_LNG:
    378     return __alignof__ (long);
    379     break;
    380 
    381   case _C_ULNG:
    382     return __alignof__ (unsigned long);
    383     break;
    384 
    385   case _C_LNG_LNG:
    386     return __alignof__ (long long);
    387     break;
    388 
    389   case _C_ULNG_LNG:
    390     return __alignof__ (unsigned long long);
    391     break;
    392 
    393   case _C_FLT:
    394     return __alignof__ (float);
    395     break;
    396 
    397   case _C_DBL:
    398     return __alignof__ (double);
    399     break;
    400 
    401   case _C_PTR:
    402   case _C_ATOM:
    403   case _C_CHARPTR:
    404     return __alignof__ (char *);
    405     break;
    406 
    407   case _C_ARY_B:
    408     while (isdigit ((unsigned char)*++type))
    409       /* do nothing */;
    410     return objc_alignof_type (type);
    411 
    412   case _C_STRUCT_B:
    413   case _C_UNION_B:
    414     {
    415       struct objc_struct_layout layout;
    416       unsigned int align;
    417 
    418       objc_layout_structure (type, &layout);
    419       while (objc_layout_structure_next_member (&layout))
    420         /* do nothing */;
    421       objc_layout_finish_structure (&layout, NULL, &align);
    422 
    423       return align;
    424     }
    425 
    426 
    427   case _C_COMPLEX:
    428     {
    429       type++; /* Skip after the 'j'. */
    430       switch (*type)
    431         {
    432 	    case _C_CHR:
    433 	      return __alignof__ (_Complex char);
    434 	      break;
    435 
    436 	    case _C_UCHR:
    437 	      return __alignof__ (_Complex unsigned char);
    438 	      break;
    439 
    440 	    case _C_SHT:
    441 	      return __alignof__ (_Complex short);
    442 	      break;
    443 
    444 	    case _C_USHT:
    445 	      return __alignof__ (_Complex unsigned short);
    446 	      break;
    447 
    448 	    case _C_INT:
    449 	      return __alignof__ (_Complex int);
    450 	      break;
    451 
    452 	    case _C_UINT:
    453 	      return __alignof__ (_Complex unsigned int);
    454 	      break;
    455 
    456 	    case _C_LNG:
    457 	      return __alignof__ (_Complex long);
    458 	      break;
    459 
    460 	    case _C_ULNG:
    461 	      return __alignof__ (_Complex unsigned long);
    462 	      break;
    463 
    464 	    case _C_LNG_LNG:
    465 	      return __alignof__ (_Complex long long);
    466 	      break;
    467 
    468 	    case _C_ULNG_LNG:
    469 	      return __alignof__ (_Complex unsigned long long);
    470 	      break;
    471 
    472 	    case _C_FLT:
    473 	      return __alignof__ (_Complex float);
    474 	      break;
    475 
    476 	    case _C_DBL:
    477 	      return __alignof__ (_Complex double);
    478 	      break;
    479 
    480 	    default:
    481 	      {
    482 		objc_error (nil, OBJC_ERR_BAD_TYPE, "unknown complex type %s\n",
    483 			    type);
    484 		return 0;
    485 	      }
    486 	}
    487     }
    488 
    489   default:
    490     {
    491       objc_error (nil, OBJC_ERR_BAD_TYPE, "unknown type %s\n", type);
    492       return 0;
    493     }
    494   }
    495 }
    496 
    497 /*
    498   The aligned size if the size rounded up to the nearest alignment.
    499 */
    500 
    501 int
    502 objc_aligned_size (const char *type)
    503 {
    504   int size, align;
    505 
    506   /* Skip the variable name */
    507   if (*type == '"')
    508     {
    509       for (type++; *type++ != '"';)
    510 	/* do nothing */;
    511     }
    512 
    513   size = objc_sizeof_type (type);
    514   align = objc_alignof_type (type);
    515 
    516   return ROUND (size, align);
    517 }
    518 
    519 /*
    520   The size rounded up to the nearest integral of the wordsize, taken
    521   to be the size of a void *.
    522 */
    523 
    524 int
    525 objc_promoted_size (const char *type)
    526 {
    527   int size, wordsize;
    528 
    529   /* Skip the variable name */
    530   if (*type == '"')
    531     {
    532       for (type++; *type++ != '"';)
    533 	/* do nothing */;
    534     }
    535 
    536   size = objc_sizeof_type (type);
    537   wordsize = sizeof (void *);
    538 
    539   return ROUND (size, wordsize);
    540 }
    541 
    542 /*
    543   Skip type qualifiers.  These may eventually precede typespecs
    544   occurring in method prototype encodings.
    545 */
    546 
    547 inline const char *
    548 objc_skip_type_qualifiers (const char *type)
    549 {
    550   while (*type == _C_CONST
    551 	 || *type == _C_IN
    552 	 || *type == _C_INOUT
    553 	 || *type == _C_OUT
    554 	 || *type == _C_BYCOPY
    555          || *type == _C_BYREF
    556 	 || *type == _C_ONEWAY
    557 	 || *type == _C_GCINVISIBLE)
    558     {
    559       type += 1;
    560     }
    561   return type;
    562 }
    563 
    564 
    565 /*
    566   Skip one typespec element.  If the typespec is prepended by type
    567   qualifiers, these are skipped as well.
    568 */
    569 
    570 const char *
    571 objc_skip_typespec (const char *type)
    572 {
    573   /* Skip the variable name if any */
    574   if (*type == '"')
    575     {
    576       for (type++; *type++ != '"';)
    577 	/* do nothing */;
    578     }
    579 
    580   type = objc_skip_type_qualifiers (type);
    581 
    582   switch (*type) {
    583 
    584   case _C_ID:
    585     /* An id may be annotated by the actual type if it is known
    586        with the @"ClassName" syntax */
    587 
    588     if (*++type != '"')
    589       return type;
    590     else
    591       {
    592 	while (*++type != '"')
    593 	  /* do nothing */;
    594 	return type + 1;
    595       }
    596 
    597     /* The following are one character type codes */
    598   case _C_CLASS:
    599   case _C_SEL:
    600   case _C_CHR:
    601   case _C_UCHR:
    602   case _C_CHARPTR:
    603   case _C_ATOM:
    604   case _C_SHT:
    605   case _C_USHT:
    606   case _C_INT:
    607   case _C_UINT:
    608   case _C_LNG:
    609   case _C_BOOL:
    610   case _C_ULNG:
    611   case _C_LNG_LNG:
    612   case _C_ULNG_LNG:
    613   case _C_FLT:
    614   case _C_DBL:
    615   case _C_VOID:
    616   case _C_UNDEF:
    617     return ++type;
    618     break;
    619 
    620   case _C_COMPLEX:
    621     return type + 2;
    622     break;
    623 
    624   case _C_ARY_B:
    625     /* skip digits, typespec and closing ']' */
    626 
    627     while (isdigit ((unsigned char)*++type))
    628       ;
    629     type = objc_skip_typespec (type);
    630     if (*type == _C_ARY_E)
    631       return ++type;
    632     else
    633       {
    634 	objc_error (nil, OBJC_ERR_BAD_TYPE, "bad array type %s\n", type);
    635 	return 0;
    636       }
    637 
    638   case _C_BFLD:
    639     /* The new encoding of bitfields is: b 'position' 'type' 'size' */
    640     while (isdigit ((unsigned char)*++type))
    641       ;	/* skip position */
    642     while (isdigit ((unsigned char)*++type))
    643       ;	/* skip type and size */
    644     return type;
    645 
    646   case _C_STRUCT_B:
    647     /* skip name, and elements until closing '}'  */
    648 
    649     while (*type != _C_STRUCT_E && *type++ != '=')
    650       ;
    651     while (*type != _C_STRUCT_E)
    652       {
    653 	type = objc_skip_typespec (type);
    654       }
    655     return ++type;
    656 
    657   case _C_UNION_B:
    658     /* skip name, and elements until closing ')'  */
    659 
    660     while (*type != _C_UNION_E && *type++ != '=')
    661       ;
    662     while (*type != _C_UNION_E)
    663       {
    664 	type = objc_skip_typespec (type);
    665       }
    666     return ++type;
    667 
    668   case _C_PTR:
    669     /* Just skip the following typespec */
    670 
    671     return objc_skip_typespec (++type);
    672 
    673   default:
    674     {
    675       objc_error (nil, OBJC_ERR_BAD_TYPE, "unknown type %s\n", type);
    676       return 0;
    677     }
    678   }
    679 }
    680 
    681 /*
    682   Skip an offset as part of a method encoding.  This is prepended by a
    683   '+' if the argument is passed in registers.
    684 */
    685 inline const char *
    686 objc_skip_offset (const char *type)
    687 {
    688   if (*type == '+')
    689     type++;
    690   while (isdigit ((unsigned char) *++type))
    691     ;
    692   return type;
    693 }
    694 
    695 /*
    696   Skip an argument specification of a method encoding.
    697 */
    698 const char *
    699 objc_skip_argspec (const char *type)
    700 {
    701   type = objc_skip_typespec (type);
    702   type = objc_skip_offset (type);
    703   return type;
    704 }
    705 
    706 /*
    707   Return the number of arguments that the method MTH expects.
    708   Note that all methods need two implicit arguments `self' and
    709   `_cmd'.
    710 */
    711 int
    712 method_get_number_of_arguments (struct objc_method *mth)
    713 {
    714   int i = 0;
    715   const char *type = mth->method_types;
    716   while (*type)
    717     {
    718       type = objc_skip_argspec (type);
    719       i += 1;
    720     }
    721   return i - 1;
    722 }
    723 
    724 /*
    725   Return the size of the argument block needed on the stack to invoke
    726   the method MTH.  This may be zero, if all arguments are passed in
    727   registers.
    728 */
    729 
    730 int
    731 method_get_sizeof_arguments (struct objc_method *mth)
    732 {
    733   const char *type = objc_skip_typespec (mth->method_types);
    734   return atoi (type);
    735 }
    736 
    737 /*
    738   Return a pointer to the next argument of ARGFRAME.  type points to
    739   the last argument.  Typical use of this look like:
    740 
    741   {
    742     char *datum, *type;
    743     for (datum = method_get_first_argument (method, argframe, &type);
    744          datum; datum = method_get_next_argument (argframe, &type))
    745       {
    746         unsigned flags = objc_get_type_qualifiers (type);
    747         type = objc_skip_type_qualifiers (type);
    748 	if (*type != _C_PTR)
    749           [portal encodeData: datum ofType: type];
    750 	else
    751 	  {
    752 	    if ((flags & _F_IN) == _F_IN)
    753               [portal encodeData: *(char **) datum ofType: ++type];
    754 	  }
    755       }
    756   }
    757 */
    758 
    759 char *
    760 method_get_next_argument (arglist_t argframe, const char **type)
    761 {
    762   const char *t = objc_skip_argspec (*type);
    763 
    764   if (*t == '\0')
    765     return 0;
    766 
    767   *type = t;
    768   t = objc_skip_typespec (t);
    769 
    770   if (*t == '+')
    771     return argframe->arg_regs + atoi (++t);
    772   else
    773     return argframe->arg_ptr + atoi (t);
    774 }
    775 
    776 /*
    777   Return a pointer to the value of the first argument of the method
    778   described in M with the given argumentframe ARGFRAME.  The type
    779   is returned in TYPE.  type must be passed to successive calls of
    780   method_get_next_argument.
    781 */
    782 char *
    783 method_get_first_argument (struct objc_method *m,
    784 			   arglist_t argframe,
    785 			   const char **type)
    786 {
    787   *type = m->method_types;
    788   return method_get_next_argument (argframe, type);
    789 }
    790 
    791 /*
    792    Return a pointer to the ARGth argument of the method
    793    M from the frame ARGFRAME.  The type of the argument
    794    is returned in the value-result argument TYPE
    795 */
    796 
    797 char *
    798 method_get_nth_argument (struct objc_method *m,
    799 			 arglist_t argframe, int arg,
    800 			 const char **type)
    801 {
    802   const char *t = objc_skip_argspec (m->method_types);
    803 
    804   if (arg > method_get_number_of_arguments (m))
    805     return 0;
    806 
    807   while (arg--)
    808     t = objc_skip_argspec (t);
    809 
    810   *type = t;
    811   t = objc_skip_typespec (t);
    812 
    813   if (*t == '+')
    814     return argframe->arg_regs + atoi (++t);
    815   else
    816     return argframe->arg_ptr + atoi (t);
    817 }
    818 
    819 unsigned
    820 objc_get_type_qualifiers (const char *type)
    821 {
    822   unsigned res = 0;
    823   BOOL flag = YES;
    824 
    825   while (flag)
    826     switch (*type++)
    827       {
    828       case _C_CONST:	res |= _F_CONST; break;
    829       case _C_IN:	res |= _F_IN; break;
    830       case _C_INOUT:	res |= _F_INOUT; break;
    831       case _C_OUT:	res |= _F_OUT; break;
    832       case _C_BYCOPY:	res |= _F_BYCOPY; break;
    833       case _C_BYREF:  res |= _F_BYREF; break;
    834       case _C_ONEWAY:	res |= _F_ONEWAY; break;
    835       case _C_GCINVISIBLE: res |= _F_GCINVISIBLE; break;
    836       default: flag = NO;
    837     }
    838 
    839   return res;
    840 }
    841 
    842 
    843 /* The following three functions can be used to determine how a
    844    structure is laid out by the compiler. For example:
    845 
    846   struct objc_struct_layout layout;
    847   int i;
    848 
    849   objc_layout_structure (type, &layout);
    850   while (objc_layout_structure_next_member (&layout))
    851     {
    852       int position, align;
    853       const char *type;
    854 
    855       objc_layout_structure_get_info (&layout, &position, &align, &type);
    856       printf ("element %d has offset %d, alignment %d\n",
    857               i++, position, align);
    858     }
    859 
    860   These functions are used by objc_sizeof_type and objc_alignof_type
    861   functions to compute the size and alignment of structures. The
    862   previous method of computing the size and alignment of a structure
    863   was not working on some architectures, particulary on AIX, and in
    864   the presence of bitfields inside the structure. */
    865 void
    866 objc_layout_structure (const char *type,
    867                            struct objc_struct_layout *layout)
    868 {
    869   const char *ntype;
    870 
    871   if (*type != _C_UNION_B && *type != _C_STRUCT_B)
    872     {
    873       objc_error (nil, OBJC_ERR_BAD_TYPE,
    874                  "record (or union) type expected in objc_layout_structure, got %s\n",
    875                  type);
    876     }
    877 
    878   type ++;
    879   layout->original_type = type;
    880 
    881   /* Skip "<name>=" if any. Avoid embedded structures and unions. */
    882   ntype = type;
    883   while (*ntype != _C_STRUCT_E && *ntype != _C_STRUCT_B && *ntype != _C_UNION_B
    884          && *ntype++ != '=')
    885     /* do nothing */;
    886 
    887   /* If there's a "<name>=", ntype - 1 points to '='; skip the the name */
    888   if (*(ntype - 1) == '=')
    889     type = ntype;
    890 
    891   layout->type = type;
    892   layout->prev_type = NULL;
    893   layout->record_size = 0;
    894   layout->record_align = BITS_PER_UNIT;
    895 
    896   layout->record_align = MAX (layout->record_align, STRUCTURE_SIZE_BOUNDARY);
    897 }
    898 
    899 
    900 BOOL
    901 objc_layout_structure_next_member (struct objc_struct_layout *layout)
    902 {
    903   register int desired_align = 0;
    904 
    905   /* The following are used only if the field is a bitfield */
    906   register const char *bfld_type = 0;
    907   register int bfld_type_align = 0, bfld_field_size = 0;
    908 
    909   /* The current type without the type qualifiers */
    910   const char *type;
    911   BOOL unionp = layout->original_type[-1] == _C_UNION_B;
    912 
    913   /* Add the size of the previous field to the size of the record.  */
    914   if (layout->prev_type)
    915     {
    916       type = objc_skip_type_qualifiers (layout->prev_type);
    917       if (unionp)
    918         layout->record_size = MAX (layout->record_size,
    919 				   objc_sizeof_type (type) * BITS_PER_UNIT);
    920 
    921       else if (*type != _C_BFLD)
    922         layout->record_size += objc_sizeof_type (type) * BITS_PER_UNIT;
    923       else {
    924         /* Get the bitfield's type */
    925         for (bfld_type = type + 1;
    926              isdigit ((unsigned char)*bfld_type);
    927              bfld_type++)
    928           /* do nothing */;
    929 
    930         bfld_type_align = objc_alignof_type (bfld_type) * BITS_PER_UNIT;
    931         bfld_field_size = atoi (objc_skip_typespec (bfld_type));
    932         layout->record_size += bfld_field_size;
    933       }
    934     }
    935 
    936   if ((unionp && *layout->type == _C_UNION_E)
    937       || (!unionp && *layout->type == _C_STRUCT_E))
    938     return NO;
    939 
    940   /* Skip the variable name if any */
    941   if (*layout->type == '"')
    942     {
    943       for (layout->type++; *layout->type++ != '"';)
    944         /* do nothing */;
    945     }
    946 
    947   type = objc_skip_type_qualifiers (layout->type);
    948 
    949   if (*type != _C_BFLD)
    950     desired_align = objc_alignof_type (type) * BITS_PER_UNIT;
    951   else
    952     {
    953       desired_align = 1;
    954       /* Skip the bitfield's offset */
    955       for (bfld_type = type + 1;
    956            isdigit ((unsigned char) *bfld_type);
    957            bfld_type++)
    958         /* do nothing */;
    959 
    960       bfld_type_align = objc_alignof_type (bfld_type) * BITS_PER_UNIT;
    961       bfld_field_size = atoi (objc_skip_typespec (bfld_type));
    962     }
    963 
    964 #ifdef BIGGEST_FIELD_ALIGNMENT
    965   desired_align = MIN (desired_align, BIGGEST_FIELD_ALIGNMENT);
    966 #endif
    967 #ifdef ADJUST_FIELD_ALIGN
    968   desired_align = ADJUST_FIELD_ALIGN (type, desired_align);
    969 #endif
    970 
    971   /* Record must have at least as much alignment as any field.
    972      Otherwise, the alignment of the field within the record
    973      is meaningless.  */
    974 #ifndef PCC_BITFIELD_TYPE_MATTERS
    975   layout->record_align = MAX (layout->record_align, desired_align);
    976 #else	/* PCC_BITFIELD_TYPE_MATTERS */
    977   if (*type == _C_BFLD)
    978     {
    979       /* For these machines, a zero-length field does not
    980          affect the alignment of the structure as a whole.
    981          It does, however, affect the alignment of the next field
    982          within the structure.  */
    983       if (bfld_field_size)
    984         layout->record_align = MAX (layout->record_align, desired_align);
    985       else
    986         desired_align = objc_alignof_type (bfld_type) * BITS_PER_UNIT;
    987 
    988       /* A named bit field of declared type `int'
    989          forces the entire structure to have `int' alignment.
    990          Q1: How is encoded this thing and how to check for it?
    991          Q2: How to determine maximum_field_alignment at runtime? */
    992 
    993 /*	  if (DECL_NAME (field) != 0) */
    994       {
    995         int type_align = bfld_type_align;
    996 #if 0
    997         if (maximum_field_alignment != 0)
    998           type_align = MIN (type_align, maximum_field_alignment);
    999         else if (DECL_PACKED (field))
   1000           type_align = MIN (type_align, BITS_PER_UNIT);
   1001 #endif
   1002 
   1003         layout->record_align = MAX (layout->record_align, type_align);
   1004       }
   1005     }
   1006   else
   1007     layout->record_align = MAX (layout->record_align, desired_align);
   1008 #endif	/* PCC_BITFIELD_TYPE_MATTERS */
   1009 
   1010   /* Does this field automatically have alignment it needs
   1011      by virtue of the fields that precede it and the record's
   1012      own alignment?  */
   1013 
   1014   if (*type == _C_BFLD)
   1015     layout->record_size = atoi (type + 1);
   1016   else if (layout->record_size % desired_align != 0)
   1017     {
   1018       /* No, we need to skip space before this field.
   1019          Bump the cumulative size to multiple of field alignment.  */
   1020       layout->record_size = ROUND (layout->record_size, desired_align);
   1021     }
   1022 
   1023   /* Jump to the next field in record. */
   1024 
   1025   layout->prev_type = layout->type;
   1026   layout->type = objc_skip_typespec (layout->type);      /* skip component */
   1027 
   1028   return YES;
   1029 }
   1030 
   1031 
   1032 void objc_layout_finish_structure (struct objc_struct_layout *layout,
   1033                                    unsigned int *size,
   1034                                    unsigned int *align)
   1035 {
   1036   BOOL unionp = layout->original_type[-1] == _C_UNION_B;
   1037   if (layout->type
   1038       && ((!unionp && *layout->type == _C_STRUCT_E)
   1039        	  || (unionp && *layout->type == _C_UNION_E)))
   1040     {
   1041       /* Work out the alignment of the record as one expression and store
   1042          in the record type.  Round it up to a multiple of the record's
   1043          alignment. */
   1044 #if defined (ROUND_TYPE_ALIGN) && ! defined (__sparc__)
   1045       layout->record_align = ROUND_TYPE_ALIGN (layout->original_type-1,
   1046                                                1,
   1047                                                layout->record_align);
   1048 #else
   1049       layout->record_align = MAX (1, layout->record_align);
   1050 #endif
   1051 
   1052 #ifdef ROUND_TYPE_SIZE
   1053       layout->record_size = ROUND_TYPE_SIZE (layout->original_type,
   1054                                              layout->record_size,
   1055                                              layout->record_align);
   1056 #else
   1057       /* Round the size up to be a multiple of the required alignment */
   1058       layout->record_size = ROUND (layout->record_size, layout->record_align);
   1059 #endif
   1060 
   1061       layout->type = NULL;
   1062     }
   1063   if (size)
   1064     *size = layout->record_size / BITS_PER_UNIT;
   1065   if (align)
   1066     *align = layout->record_align / BITS_PER_UNIT;
   1067 }
   1068 
   1069 
   1070 void objc_layout_structure_get_info (struct objc_struct_layout *layout,
   1071                                      unsigned int *offset,
   1072                                      unsigned int *align,
   1073                                      const char **type)
   1074 {
   1075   if (offset)
   1076     *offset = layout->record_size / BITS_PER_UNIT;
   1077   if (align)
   1078     *align = layout->record_align / BITS_PER_UNIT;
   1079   if (type)
   1080     *type = layout->prev_type;
   1081 }
   1082