Home | History | Annotate | Line # | Download | only in libiberty
floatformat.c revision 1.1.1.5
      1 /* IEEE floating point support routines, for GDB, the GNU Debugger.
      2    Copyright (C) 1991-2020 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
      3 
      4 This file is part of GDB.
      5 
      6 This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
      7 it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
      8 the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
      9 (at your option) any later version.
     10 
     11 This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
     12 but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
     13 MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
     14 GNU General Public License for more details.
     15 
     16 You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
     17 along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
     18 Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street - Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301, USA.  */
     19 
     20 /* This is needed to pick up the NAN macro on some systems.  */
     21 #ifndef _GNU_SOURCE
     22 #define _GNU_SOURCE
     23 #endif
     24 
     25 #ifdef HAVE_CONFIG_H
     26 #include "config.h"
     27 #endif
     28 
     29 #include <math.h>
     30 
     31 #ifdef HAVE_STRING_H
     32 #include <string.h>
     33 #endif
     34 
     35 /* On some platforms, <float.h> provides DBL_QNAN.  */
     36 #ifdef STDC_HEADERS
     37 #include <float.h>
     38 #endif
     39 
     40 #include "ansidecl.h"
     41 #include "libiberty.h"
     42 #include "floatformat.h"
     43 
     44 #ifndef INFINITY
     45 #ifdef HUGE_VAL
     46 #define INFINITY HUGE_VAL
     47 #else
     48 #define INFINITY (1.0 / 0.0)
     49 #endif
     50 #endif
     51 
     52 #ifndef NAN
     53 #ifdef DBL_QNAN
     54 #define NAN DBL_QNAN
     55 #else
     56 #define NAN (0.0 / 0.0)
     57 #endif
     58 #endif
     59 
     60 static int mant_bits_set (const struct floatformat *, const unsigned char *);
     61 static unsigned long get_field (const unsigned char *,
     62                                 enum floatformat_byteorders,
     63                                 unsigned int,
     64                                 unsigned int,
     65                                 unsigned int);
     66 static int floatformat_always_valid (const struct floatformat *fmt,
     67                                      const void *from);
     68 
     69 static int
     70 floatformat_always_valid (const struct floatformat *fmt ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED,
     71                           const void *from ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED)
     72 {
     73   return 1;
     74 }
     75 
     76 /* The odds that CHAR_BIT will be anything but 8 are low enough that I'm not
     77    going to bother with trying to muck around with whether it is defined in
     78    a system header, what we do if not, etc.  */
     79 #define FLOATFORMAT_CHAR_BIT 8
     80 
     81 /* floatformats for IEEE half, single and double, big and little endian.  */
     82 const struct floatformat floatformat_ieee_half_big =
     83 {
     84   floatformat_big, 16, 0, 1, 5, 15, 31, 6, 10,
     85   floatformat_intbit_no,
     86   "floatformat_ieee_half_big",
     87   floatformat_always_valid,
     88   NULL
     89 };
     90 const struct floatformat floatformat_ieee_half_little =
     91 {
     92   floatformat_little, 16, 0, 1, 5, 15, 31, 6, 10,
     93   floatformat_intbit_no,
     94   "floatformat_ieee_half_little",
     95   floatformat_always_valid,
     96   NULL
     97 };
     98 const struct floatformat floatformat_ieee_single_big =
     99 {
    100   floatformat_big, 32, 0, 1, 8, 127, 255, 9, 23,
    101   floatformat_intbit_no,
    102   "floatformat_ieee_single_big",
    103   floatformat_always_valid,
    104   NULL
    105 };
    106 const struct floatformat floatformat_ieee_single_little =
    107 {
    108   floatformat_little, 32, 0, 1, 8, 127, 255, 9, 23,
    109   floatformat_intbit_no,
    110   "floatformat_ieee_single_little",
    111   floatformat_always_valid,
    112   NULL
    113 };
    114 const struct floatformat floatformat_ieee_double_big =
    115 {
    116   floatformat_big, 64, 0, 1, 11, 1023, 2047, 12, 52,
    117   floatformat_intbit_no,
    118   "floatformat_ieee_double_big",
    119   floatformat_always_valid,
    120   NULL
    121 };
    122 const struct floatformat floatformat_ieee_double_little =
    123 {
    124   floatformat_little, 64, 0, 1, 11, 1023, 2047, 12, 52,
    125   floatformat_intbit_no,
    126   "floatformat_ieee_double_little",
    127   floatformat_always_valid,
    128   NULL
    129 };
    130 
    131 /* floatformat for IEEE double, little endian byte order, with big endian word
    132    ordering, as on the ARM.  */
    133 
    134 const struct floatformat floatformat_ieee_double_littlebyte_bigword =
    135 {
    136   floatformat_littlebyte_bigword, 64, 0, 1, 11, 1023, 2047, 12, 52,
    137   floatformat_intbit_no,
    138   "floatformat_ieee_double_littlebyte_bigword",
    139   floatformat_always_valid,
    140   NULL
    141 };
    142 
    143 /* floatformat for VAX.  Not quite IEEE, but close enough.  */
    144 
    145 const struct floatformat floatformat_vax_f =
    146 {
    147   floatformat_vax, 32, 0, 1, 8, 129, 0, 9, 23,
    148   floatformat_intbit_no,
    149   "floatformat_vax_f",
    150   floatformat_always_valid,
    151   NULL
    152 };
    153 const struct floatformat floatformat_vax_d =
    154 {
    155   floatformat_vax, 64, 0, 1, 8, 129, 0, 9, 55,
    156   floatformat_intbit_no,
    157   "floatformat_vax_d",
    158   floatformat_always_valid,
    159   NULL
    160 };
    161 const struct floatformat floatformat_vax_g =
    162 {
    163   floatformat_vax, 64, 0, 1, 11, 1025, 0, 12, 52,
    164   floatformat_intbit_no,
    165   "floatformat_vax_g",
    166   floatformat_always_valid,
    167   NULL
    168 };
    169 
    170 static int floatformat_i387_ext_is_valid (const struct floatformat *fmt,
    171 					  const void *from);
    172 
    173 static int
    174 floatformat_i387_ext_is_valid (const struct floatformat *fmt, const void *from)
    175 {
    176   /* In the i387 double-extended format, if the exponent is all ones,
    177      then the integer bit must be set.  If the exponent is neither 0
    178      nor ~0, the intbit must also be set.  Only if the exponent is
    179      zero can it be zero, and then it must be zero.  */
    180   unsigned long exponent, int_bit;
    181   const unsigned char *ufrom = (const unsigned char *) from;
    182 
    183   exponent = get_field (ufrom, fmt->byteorder, fmt->totalsize,
    184 			fmt->exp_start, fmt->exp_len);
    185   int_bit = get_field (ufrom, fmt->byteorder, fmt->totalsize,
    186 		       fmt->man_start, 1);
    187 
    188   if ((exponent == 0) != (int_bit == 0))
    189     return 0;
    190   else
    191     return 1;
    192 }
    193 
    194 const struct floatformat floatformat_i387_ext =
    195 {
    196   floatformat_little, 80, 0, 1, 15, 0x3fff, 0x7fff, 16, 64,
    197   floatformat_intbit_yes,
    198   "floatformat_i387_ext",
    199   floatformat_i387_ext_is_valid,
    200   NULL
    201 };
    202 const struct floatformat floatformat_m68881_ext =
    203 {
    204   /* Note that the bits from 16 to 31 are unused.  */
    205   floatformat_big, 96, 0, 1, 15, 0x3fff, 0x7fff, 32, 64,
    206   floatformat_intbit_yes,
    207   "floatformat_m68881_ext",
    208   floatformat_always_valid,
    209   NULL
    210 };
    211 const struct floatformat floatformat_i960_ext =
    212 {
    213   /* Note that the bits from 0 to 15 are unused.  */
    214   floatformat_little, 96, 16, 17, 15, 0x3fff, 0x7fff, 32, 64,
    215   floatformat_intbit_yes,
    216   "floatformat_i960_ext",
    217   floatformat_always_valid,
    218   NULL
    219 };
    220 const struct floatformat floatformat_m88110_ext =
    221 {
    222   floatformat_big, 80, 0, 1, 15, 0x3fff, 0x7fff, 16, 64,
    223   floatformat_intbit_yes,
    224   "floatformat_m88110_ext",
    225   floatformat_always_valid,
    226   NULL
    227 };
    228 const struct floatformat floatformat_m88110_harris_ext =
    229 {
    230   /* Harris uses raw format 128 bytes long, but the number is just an ieee
    231      double, and the last 64 bits are wasted. */
    232   floatformat_big,128, 0, 1, 11,  0x3ff,  0x7ff, 12, 52,
    233   floatformat_intbit_no,
    234   "floatformat_m88110_ext_harris",
    235   floatformat_always_valid,
    236   NULL
    237 };
    238 const struct floatformat floatformat_arm_ext_big =
    239 {
    240   /* Bits 1 to 16 are unused.  */
    241   floatformat_big, 96, 0, 17, 15, 0x3fff, 0x7fff, 32, 64,
    242   floatformat_intbit_yes,
    243   "floatformat_arm_ext_big",
    244   floatformat_always_valid,
    245   NULL
    246 };
    247 const struct floatformat floatformat_arm_ext_littlebyte_bigword =
    248 {
    249   /* Bits 1 to 16 are unused.  */
    250   floatformat_littlebyte_bigword, 96, 0, 17, 15, 0x3fff, 0x7fff, 32, 64,
    251   floatformat_intbit_yes,
    252   "floatformat_arm_ext_littlebyte_bigword",
    253   floatformat_always_valid,
    254   NULL
    255 };
    256 const struct floatformat floatformat_ia64_spill_big =
    257 {
    258   floatformat_big, 128, 0, 1, 17, 65535, 0x1ffff, 18, 64,
    259   floatformat_intbit_yes,
    260   "floatformat_ia64_spill_big",
    261   floatformat_always_valid,
    262   NULL
    263 };
    264 const struct floatformat floatformat_ia64_spill_little =
    265 {
    266   floatformat_little, 128, 0, 1, 17, 65535, 0x1ffff, 18, 64,
    267   floatformat_intbit_yes,
    268   "floatformat_ia64_spill_little",
    269   floatformat_always_valid,
    270   NULL
    271 };
    272 const struct floatformat floatformat_ia64_quad_big =
    273 {
    274   floatformat_big, 128, 0, 1, 15, 16383, 0x7fff, 16, 112,
    275   floatformat_intbit_no,
    276   "floatformat_ia64_quad_big",
    277   floatformat_always_valid,
    278   NULL
    279 };
    280 const struct floatformat floatformat_ia64_quad_little =
    281 {
    282   floatformat_little, 128, 0, 1, 15, 16383, 0x7fff, 16, 112,
    283   floatformat_intbit_no,
    284   "floatformat_ia64_quad_little",
    285   floatformat_always_valid,
    286   NULL
    287 };
    288 
    289 static int
    290 floatformat_ibm_long_double_is_valid (const struct floatformat *fmt,
    291 				      const void *from)
    292 {
    293   const unsigned char *ufrom = (const unsigned char *) from;
    294   const struct floatformat *hfmt = fmt->split_half;
    295   long top_exp, bot_exp;
    296   int top_nan = 0;
    297 
    298   top_exp = get_field (ufrom, hfmt->byteorder, hfmt->totalsize,
    299 		       hfmt->exp_start, hfmt->exp_len);
    300   bot_exp = get_field (ufrom + 8, hfmt->byteorder, hfmt->totalsize,
    301 		       hfmt->exp_start, hfmt->exp_len);
    302 
    303   if ((unsigned long) top_exp == hfmt->exp_nan)
    304     top_nan = mant_bits_set (hfmt, ufrom);
    305 
    306   /* A NaN is valid with any low part.  */
    307   if (top_nan)
    308     return 1;
    309 
    310   /* An infinity, zero or denormal requires low part 0 (positive or
    311      negative).  */
    312   if ((unsigned long) top_exp == hfmt->exp_nan || top_exp == 0)
    313     {
    314       if (bot_exp != 0)
    315 	return 0;
    316 
    317       return !mant_bits_set (hfmt, ufrom + 8);
    318     }
    319 
    320   /* The top part is now a finite normal value.  The long double value
    321      is the sum of the two parts, and the top part must equal the
    322      result of rounding the long double value to nearest double.  Thus
    323      the bottom part must be <= 0.5ulp of the top part in absolute
    324      value, and if it is < 0.5ulp then the long double is definitely
    325      valid.  */
    326   if (bot_exp < top_exp - 53)
    327     return 1;
    328   if (bot_exp > top_exp - 53 && bot_exp != 0)
    329     return 0;
    330   if (bot_exp == 0)
    331     {
    332       /* The bottom part is 0 or denormal.  Determine which, and if
    333 	 denormal the first two set bits.  */
    334       int first_bit = -1, second_bit = -1, cur_bit;
    335       for (cur_bit = 0; (unsigned int) cur_bit < hfmt->man_len; cur_bit++)
    336 	if (get_field (ufrom + 8, hfmt->byteorder, hfmt->totalsize,
    337 		       hfmt->man_start + cur_bit, 1))
    338 	  {
    339 	    if (first_bit == -1)
    340 	      first_bit = cur_bit;
    341 	    else
    342 	      {
    343 		second_bit = cur_bit;
    344 		break;
    345 	      }
    346 	  }
    347       /* Bottom part 0 is OK.  */
    348       if (first_bit == -1)
    349 	return 1;
    350       /* The real exponent of the bottom part is -first_bit.  */
    351       if (-first_bit < top_exp - 53)
    352 	return 1;
    353       if (-first_bit > top_exp - 53)
    354 	return 0;
    355       /* The bottom part is at least 0.5ulp of the top part.  For this
    356 	 to be OK, the bottom part must be exactly 0.5ulp (i.e. no
    357 	 more bits set) and the top part must have last bit 0.  */
    358       if (second_bit != -1)
    359 	return 0;
    360       return !get_field (ufrom, hfmt->byteorder, hfmt->totalsize,
    361 			 hfmt->man_start + hfmt->man_len - 1, 1);
    362     }
    363   else
    364     {
    365       /* The bottom part is at least 0.5ulp of the top part.  For this
    366 	 to be OK, it must be exactly 0.5ulp (i.e. no explicit bits
    367 	 set) and the top part must have last bit 0.  */
    368       if (get_field (ufrom, hfmt->byteorder, hfmt->totalsize,
    369 		     hfmt->man_start + hfmt->man_len - 1, 1))
    370 	return 0;
    371       return !mant_bits_set (hfmt, ufrom + 8);
    372     }
    373 }
    374 
    375 const struct floatformat floatformat_ibm_long_double_big =
    376 {
    377   floatformat_big, 128, 0, 1, 11, 1023, 2047, 12, 52,
    378   floatformat_intbit_no,
    379   "floatformat_ibm_long_double_big",
    380   floatformat_ibm_long_double_is_valid,
    381   &floatformat_ieee_double_big
    382 };
    383 
    384 const struct floatformat floatformat_ibm_long_double_little =
    385 {
    386   floatformat_little, 128, 0, 1, 11, 1023, 2047, 12, 52,
    387   floatformat_intbit_no,
    388   "floatformat_ibm_long_double_little",
    389   floatformat_ibm_long_double_is_valid,
    390   &floatformat_ieee_double_little
    391 };
    392 
    393 const struct floatformat floatformat_bfloat16_big =
    394 {
    395   floatformat_big, 16, 0, 1, 8, 127, 255, 9, 7,
    396   floatformat_intbit_no,
    397   "floatformat_bfloat16_big",
    398   floatformat_always_valid,
    399   NULL
    400 };
    401 
    402 const struct floatformat floatformat_bfloat16_little =
    403 {
    404   floatformat_little, 16, 0, 1, 8, 127, 255, 9, 7,
    405   floatformat_intbit_no,
    406   "floatformat_bfloat16_little",
    407   floatformat_always_valid,
    408   NULL
    409 };
    410 
    411 #ifndef min
    412 #define min(a, b) ((a) < (b) ? (a) : (b))
    413 #endif
    414 
    415 /* Return 1 if any bits are explicitly set in the mantissa of UFROM,
    416    format FMT, 0 otherwise.  */
    417 static int
    418 mant_bits_set (const struct floatformat *fmt, const unsigned char *ufrom)
    419 {
    420   unsigned int mant_bits, mant_off;
    421   int mant_bits_left;
    422 
    423   mant_off = fmt->man_start;
    424   mant_bits_left = fmt->man_len;
    425   while (mant_bits_left > 0)
    426     {
    427       mant_bits = min (mant_bits_left, 32);
    428 
    429       if (get_field (ufrom, fmt->byteorder, fmt->totalsize,
    430 		     mant_off, mant_bits) != 0)
    431 	return 1;
    432 
    433       mant_off += mant_bits;
    434       mant_bits_left -= mant_bits;
    435     }
    436   return 0;
    437 }
    438 
    439 /* Extract a field which starts at START and is LEN bits long.  DATA and
    440    TOTAL_LEN are the thing we are extracting it from, in byteorder ORDER.  */
    441 static unsigned long
    442 get_field (const unsigned char *data, enum floatformat_byteorders order,
    443            unsigned int total_len, unsigned int start, unsigned int len)
    444 {
    445   unsigned long result = 0;
    446   unsigned int cur_byte;
    447   int lo_bit, hi_bit, cur_bitshift = 0;
    448   int nextbyte = (order == floatformat_little) ? 1 : -1;
    449 
    450   /* Start is in big-endian bit order!  Fix that first.  */
    451   start = total_len - (start + len);
    452 
    453   /* Start at the least significant part of the field.  */
    454   if (order == floatformat_little)
    455     cur_byte = start / FLOATFORMAT_CHAR_BIT;
    456   else
    457     cur_byte = (total_len - start - 1) / FLOATFORMAT_CHAR_BIT;
    458 
    459   lo_bit = start % FLOATFORMAT_CHAR_BIT;
    460   hi_bit = min (lo_bit + len, FLOATFORMAT_CHAR_BIT);
    461 
    462   do
    463     {
    464       unsigned int shifted = *(data + cur_byte) >> lo_bit;
    465       unsigned int bits = hi_bit - lo_bit;
    466       unsigned int mask = (1 << bits) - 1;
    467       result |= (shifted & mask) << cur_bitshift;
    468       len -= bits;
    469       cur_bitshift += bits;
    470       cur_byte += nextbyte;
    471       lo_bit = 0;
    472       hi_bit = min (len, FLOATFORMAT_CHAR_BIT);
    473     }
    474   while (len != 0);
    475 
    476   return result;
    477 }
    478 
    479 /* Convert from FMT to a double.
    480    FROM is the address of the extended float.
    481    Store the double in *TO.  */
    482 
    483 void
    484 floatformat_to_double (const struct floatformat *fmt,
    485                        const void *from, double *to)
    486 {
    487   const unsigned char *ufrom = (const unsigned char *) from;
    488   double dto;
    489   long exponent;
    490   unsigned long mant;
    491   unsigned int mant_bits, mant_off;
    492   int mant_bits_left;
    493 
    494   /* Split values are not handled specially, since the top half has
    495      the correctly rounded double value (in the only supported case of
    496      split values).  */
    497 
    498   exponent = get_field (ufrom, fmt->byteorder, fmt->totalsize,
    499 			fmt->exp_start, fmt->exp_len);
    500 
    501   /* If the exponent indicates a NaN, we don't have information to
    502      decide what to do.  So we handle it like IEEE, except that we
    503      don't try to preserve the type of NaN.  FIXME.  */
    504   if ((unsigned long) exponent == fmt->exp_nan)
    505     {
    506       int nan = mant_bits_set (fmt, ufrom);
    507 
    508       /* On certain systems (such as GNU/Linux), the use of the
    509 	 INFINITY macro below may generate a warning that cannot be
    510 	 silenced due to a bug in GCC (PR preprocessor/11931).  The
    511 	 preprocessor fails to recognise the __extension__ keyword in
    512 	 conjunction with the GNU/C99 extension for hexadecimal
    513 	 floating point constants and will issue a warning when
    514 	 compiling with -pedantic.  */
    515       if (nan)
    516 	dto = NAN;
    517       else
    518 	dto = INFINITY;
    519 
    520       if (get_field (ufrom, fmt->byteorder, fmt->totalsize, fmt->sign_start, 1))
    521 	dto = -dto;
    522 
    523       *to = dto;
    524 
    525       return;
    526     }
    527 
    528   mant_bits_left = fmt->man_len;
    529   mant_off = fmt->man_start;
    530   dto = 0.0;
    531 
    532   /* Build the result algebraically.  Might go infinite, underflow, etc;
    533      who cares. */
    534 
    535   /* For denorms use minimum exponent.  */
    536   if (exponent == 0)
    537     exponent = 1 - fmt->exp_bias;
    538   else
    539     {
    540       exponent -= fmt->exp_bias;
    541 
    542       /* If this format uses a hidden bit, explicitly add it in now.
    543 	 Otherwise, increment the exponent by one to account for the
    544 	 integer bit.  */
    545 
    546       if (fmt->intbit == floatformat_intbit_no)
    547 	dto = ldexp (1.0, exponent);
    548       else
    549 	exponent++;
    550     }
    551 
    552   while (mant_bits_left > 0)
    553     {
    554       mant_bits = min (mant_bits_left, 32);
    555 
    556       mant = get_field (ufrom, fmt->byteorder, fmt->totalsize,
    557 			 mant_off, mant_bits);
    558 
    559       dto += ldexp ((double) mant, exponent - mant_bits);
    560       exponent -= mant_bits;
    561       mant_off += mant_bits;
    562       mant_bits_left -= mant_bits;
    563     }
    564 
    565   /* Negate it if negative.  */
    566   if (get_field (ufrom, fmt->byteorder, fmt->totalsize, fmt->sign_start, 1))
    567     dto = -dto;
    568   *to = dto;
    569 }
    570 
    571 static void put_field (unsigned char *, enum floatformat_byteorders,
    573                        unsigned int,
    574                        unsigned int,
    575                        unsigned int,
    576                        unsigned long);
    577 
    578 /* Set a field which starts at START and is LEN bits long.  DATA and
    579    TOTAL_LEN are the thing we are extracting it from, in byteorder ORDER.  */
    580 static void
    581 put_field (unsigned char *data, enum floatformat_byteorders order,
    582            unsigned int total_len, unsigned int start, unsigned int len,
    583            unsigned long stuff_to_put)
    584 {
    585   unsigned int cur_byte;
    586   int lo_bit, hi_bit;
    587   int nextbyte = (order == floatformat_little) ? 1 : -1;
    588 
    589   /* Start is in big-endian bit order!  Fix that first.  */
    590   start = total_len - (start + len);
    591 
    592   /* Start at the least significant part of the field.  */
    593   if (order == floatformat_little)
    594     cur_byte = start / FLOATFORMAT_CHAR_BIT;
    595   else
    596     cur_byte = (total_len - start - 1) / FLOATFORMAT_CHAR_BIT;
    597 
    598   lo_bit = start % FLOATFORMAT_CHAR_BIT;
    599   hi_bit = min (lo_bit + len, FLOATFORMAT_CHAR_BIT);
    600 
    601   do
    602     {
    603       unsigned char *byte_ptr = data + cur_byte;
    604       unsigned int bits = hi_bit - lo_bit;
    605       unsigned int mask = ((1 << bits) - 1) << lo_bit;
    606       *byte_ptr = (*byte_ptr & ~mask) | ((stuff_to_put << lo_bit) & mask);
    607       stuff_to_put >>= bits;
    608       len -= bits;
    609       cur_byte += nextbyte;
    610       lo_bit = 0;
    611       hi_bit = min (len, FLOATFORMAT_CHAR_BIT);
    612     }
    613   while (len != 0);
    614 }
    615 
    616 /* The converse: convert the double *FROM to an extended float
    617    and store where TO points.  Neither FROM nor TO have any alignment
    618    restrictions.  */
    619 
    620 void
    621 floatformat_from_double (const struct floatformat *fmt,
    622                          const double *from, void *to)
    623 {
    624   double dfrom;
    625   int exponent;
    626   double mant;
    627   unsigned int mant_bits, mant_off;
    628   int mant_bits_left;
    629   unsigned char *uto = (unsigned char *) to;
    630 
    631   dfrom = *from;
    632   memset (uto, 0, fmt->totalsize / FLOATFORMAT_CHAR_BIT);
    633 
    634   /* Split values are not handled specially, since a bottom half of
    635      zero is correct for any value representable as double (in the
    636      only supported case of split values).  */
    637 
    638   /* If negative, set the sign bit.  */
    639   if (dfrom < 0)
    640     {
    641       put_field (uto, fmt->byteorder, fmt->totalsize, fmt->sign_start, 1, 1);
    642       dfrom = -dfrom;
    643     }
    644 
    645   if (dfrom == 0)
    646     {
    647       /* 0.0.  */
    648       return;
    649     }
    650 
    651   if (dfrom != dfrom)
    652     {
    653       /* NaN.  */
    654       put_field (uto, fmt->byteorder, fmt->totalsize, fmt->exp_start,
    655 		 fmt->exp_len, fmt->exp_nan);
    656       /* Be sure it's not infinity, but NaN value is irrelevant.  */
    657       put_field (uto, fmt->byteorder, fmt->totalsize, fmt->man_start,
    658 		 32, 1);
    659       return;
    660     }
    661 
    662   if (dfrom + dfrom == dfrom)
    663     {
    664       /* This can only happen for an infinite value (or zero, which we
    665 	 already handled above).  */
    666       put_field (uto, fmt->byteorder, fmt->totalsize, fmt->exp_start,
    667 		 fmt->exp_len, fmt->exp_nan);
    668       return;
    669     }
    670 
    671   mant = frexp (dfrom, &exponent);
    672   if (exponent + fmt->exp_bias - 1 > 0)
    673     put_field (uto, fmt->byteorder, fmt->totalsize, fmt->exp_start,
    674 	       fmt->exp_len, exponent + fmt->exp_bias - 1);
    675   else
    676     {
    677       /* Handle a denormalized number.  FIXME: What should we do for
    678 	 non-IEEE formats?  */
    679       put_field (uto, fmt->byteorder, fmt->totalsize, fmt->exp_start,
    680 		 fmt->exp_len, 0);
    681       mant = ldexp (mant, exponent + fmt->exp_bias - 1);
    682     }
    683 
    684   mant_bits_left = fmt->man_len;
    685   mant_off = fmt->man_start;
    686   while (mant_bits_left > 0)
    687     {
    688       unsigned long mant_long;
    689       mant_bits = mant_bits_left < 32 ? mant_bits_left : 32;
    690 
    691       mant *= 4294967296.0;
    692       mant_long = (unsigned long)mant;
    693       mant -= mant_long;
    694 
    695       /* If the integer bit is implicit, and we are not creating a
    696 	 denormalized number, then we need to discard it.  */
    697       if ((unsigned int) mant_bits_left == fmt->man_len
    698 	  && fmt->intbit == floatformat_intbit_no
    699 	  && exponent + fmt->exp_bias - 1 > 0)
    700 	{
    701 	  mant_long &= 0x7fffffff;
    702 	  mant_bits -= 1;
    703 	}
    704       else if (mant_bits < 32)
    705 	{
    706 	  /* The bits we want are in the most significant MANT_BITS bits of
    707 	     mant_long.  Move them to the least significant.  */
    708 	  mant_long >>= 32 - mant_bits;
    709 	}
    710 
    711       put_field (uto, fmt->byteorder, fmt->totalsize,
    712 		 mant_off, mant_bits, mant_long);
    713       mant_off += mant_bits;
    714       mant_bits_left -= mant_bits;
    715     }
    716 }
    717 
    718 /* Return non-zero iff the data at FROM is a valid number in format FMT.  */
    719 
    720 int
    721 floatformat_is_valid (const struct floatformat *fmt, const void *from)
    722 {
    723   return fmt->is_valid (fmt, from);
    724 }
    725 
    726 
    727 #ifdef IEEE_DEBUG
    728 
    729 #include <stdio.h>
    730 
    731 /* This is to be run on a host which uses IEEE floating point.  */
    732 
    733 void
    734 ieee_test (double n)
    735 {
    736   double result;
    737 
    738   floatformat_to_double (&floatformat_ieee_double_little, &n, &result);
    739   if ((n != result && (! isnan (n) || ! isnan (result)))
    740       || (n < 0 && result >= 0)
    741       || (n >= 0 && result < 0))
    742     printf ("Differ(to): %.20g -> %.20g\n", n, result);
    743 
    744   floatformat_from_double (&floatformat_ieee_double_little, &n, &result);
    745   if ((n != result && (! isnan (n) || ! isnan (result)))
    746       || (n < 0 && result >= 0)
    747       || (n >= 0 && result < 0))
    748     printf ("Differ(from): %.20g -> %.20g\n", n, result);
    749 
    750 #if 0
    751   {
    752     char exten[16];
    753 
    754     floatformat_from_double (&floatformat_m68881_ext, &n, exten);
    755     floatformat_to_double (&floatformat_m68881_ext, exten, &result);
    756     if (n != result)
    757       printf ("Differ(to+from): %.20g -> %.20g\n", n, result);
    758   }
    759 #endif
    760 
    761 #if IEEE_DEBUG > 1
    762   /* This is to be run on a host which uses 68881 format.  */
    763   {
    764     long double ex = *(long double *)exten;
    765     if (ex != n)
    766       printf ("Differ(from vs. extended): %.20g\n", n);
    767   }
    768 #endif
    769 }
    770 
    771 int
    772 main (void)
    773 {
    774   ieee_test (0.0);
    775   ieee_test (0.5);
    776   ieee_test (1.1);
    777   ieee_test (256.0);
    778   ieee_test (0.12345);
    779   ieee_test (234235.78907234);
    780   ieee_test (-512.0);
    781   ieee_test (-0.004321);
    782   ieee_test (1.2E-70);
    783   ieee_test (1.2E-316);
    784   ieee_test (4.9406564584124654E-324);
    785   ieee_test (- 4.9406564584124654E-324);
    786   ieee_test (- 0.0);
    787   ieee_test (- INFINITY);
    788   ieee_test (- NAN);
    789   ieee_test (INFINITY);
    790   ieee_test (NAN);
    791   return 0;
    792 }
    793 #endif
    794