1 1.1 tron <!doctype html public "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" 2 1.1.1.9 christos "https://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd"> 3 1.1 tron <html> <head> 4 1.1.1.7 christos <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"> 5 1.1.1.8 christos <link rel='stylesheet' type='text/css' href='postfix-doc.css'> 6 1.1 tron <title> Postfix manual - sendmail(1) </title> 7 1.1 tron </head> <body> <pre> 8 1.1 tron SENDMAIL(1) SENDMAIL(1) 9 1.1 tron 10 1.1.1.9 christos <b><a name="name">NAME</a></b> 11 1.1 tron sendmail - Postfix to Sendmail compatibility interface 12 1.1 tron 13 1.1.1.9 christos <b><a name="synopsis">SYNOPSIS</a></b> 14 1.1 tron <b>sendmail</b> [<i>option ...</i>] [<i>recipient ...</i>] 15 1.1 tron 16 1.1 tron <b>mailq</b> 17 1.1 tron <b>sendmail -bp</b> 18 1.1 tron 19 1.1 tron <b>newaliases</b> 20 1.1 tron <b>sendmail -I</b> 21 1.1 tron 22 1.1.1.9 christos <b><a name="description">DESCRIPTION</a></b> 23 1.1.1.4 tron The Postfix <a href="sendmail.1.html"><b>sendmail</b>(1)</a> command implements the Postfix to Sendmail com- 24 1.1.1.4 tron patibility interface. For the sake of compatibility with existing 25 1.1.1.4 tron applications, some Sendmail command-line options are recognized but 26 1.1.1.4 tron silently ignored. 27 1.1.1.4 tron 28 1.1.1.4 tron By default, Postfix <a href="sendmail.1.html"><b>sendmail</b>(1)</a> reads a message from standard input 29 1.1.1.4 tron until EOF or until it reads a line with only a <b>.</b> character, and 30 1.1.1.4 tron arranges for delivery. Postfix <a href="sendmail.1.html"><b>sendmail</b>(1)</a> relies on the <a href="postdrop.1.html"><b>postdrop</b>(1)</a> 31 1.1.1.4 tron command to create a queue file in the <b>maildrop</b> directory. 32 1.1.1.4 tron 33 1.1.1.4 tron Specific command aliases are provided for other common modes of opera- 34 1.1.1.4 tron tion: 35 1.1.1.4 tron 36 1.1.1.4 tron <b>mailq</b> List the mail queue. Each entry shows the queue file ID, message 37 1.1.1.4 tron size, arrival time, sender, and the recipients that still need 38 1.1.1.4 tron to be delivered. If mail could not be delivered upon the last 39 1.1.1.4 tron attempt, the reason for failure is shown. The queue ID string is 40 1.1.1.4 tron followed by an optional status character: 41 1.1.1.4 tron 42 1.1.1.4 tron <b>*</b> The message is in the <b>active</b> queue, i.e. the message is 43 1.1.1.4 tron selected for delivery. 44 1.1.1.4 tron 45 1.1.1.4 tron <b>!</b> The message is in the <b>hold</b> queue, i.e. no further deliv- 46 1.1.1.4 tron ery attempt will be made until the mail is taken off 47 1.1.1.4 tron hold. 48 1.1 tron 49 1.1.1.7 christos <b>#</b> The message is forced to expire. See the <a href="postsuper.1.html"><b>postsuper</b>(1)</a> 50 1.1.1.7 christos options <b>-e</b> or <b>-f</b>. 51 1.1.1.7 christos 52 1.1.1.7 christos This mode of operation is implemented by executing the 53 1.1.1.4 tron <a href="postqueue.1.html"><b>postqueue</b>(1)</a> command. 54 1.1 tron 55 1.1 tron <b>newaliases</b> 56 1.1.1.7 christos Initialize the alias database. If no input file is specified 57 1.1.1.7 christos (with the <b>-oA</b> option, see below), the program processes the 58 1.1.1.7 christos file(s) specified with the <b><a href="postconf.5.html#alias_database">alias_database</a></b> configuration parame- 59 1.1.1.7 christos ter. If no alias database type is specified, the program uses 60 1.1.1.7 christos the type specified with the <b><a href="postconf.5.html#default_database_type">default_database_type</a></b> configuration 61 1.1.1.4 tron parameter. This mode of operation is implemented by running the 62 1.1.1.4 tron <a href="postalias.1.html"><b>postalias</b>(1)</a> command. 63 1.1.1.4 tron 64 1.1.1.4 tron Note: it may take a minute or so before an alias database update 65 1.1.1.7 christos becomes visible. Use the "<b>postfix reload</b>" command to eliminate 66 1.1.1.4 tron this delay. 67 1.1.1.4 tron 68 1.1.1.7 christos These and other features can be selected by specifying the appropriate 69 1.1.1.7 christos combination of command-line options. Some features are controlled by 70 1.1.1.4 tron parameters in the <a href="postconf.5.html"><b>main.cf</b></a> configuration file. 71 1.1 tron 72 1.1 tron The following options are recognized: 73 1.1 tron 74 1.1 tron <b>-Am</b> (ignored) 75 1.1 tron 76 1.1 tron <b>-Ac</b> (ignored) 77 1.1.1.7 christos Postfix sendmail uses the same configuration file regardless of 78 1.1.1.4 tron whether or not a message is an initial submission. 79 1.1 tron 80 1.1 tron <b>-B</b> <i>body</i><b>_</b><i>type</i> 81 1.1 tron The message body MIME type: <b>7BIT</b> or <b>8BITMIME</b>. 82 1.1 tron 83 1.1.1.7 christos <b>-bd</b> Go into daemon mode. This mode of operation is implemented by 84 1.1.1.4 tron executing the "<b>postfix start</b>" command. 85 1.1 tron 86 1.1 tron <b>-bh</b> (ignored) 87 1.1 tron 88 1.1 tron <b>-bH</b> (ignored) 89 1.1 tron Postfix has no persistent host status database. 90 1.1 tron 91 1.1.1.4 tron <b>-bi</b> Initialize alias database. See the <b>newaliases</b> command above. 92 1.1 tron 93 1.1.1.7 christos <b>-bl</b> Go into daemon mode. To accept only local connections as with 94 1.1.1.7 christos Sendmail's <b>-bl</b> option, specify "<b><a href="postconf.5.html#inet_interfaces">inet_interfaces</a> = loopback</b>" in 95 1.1.1.4 tron the Postfix <a href="postconf.5.html"><b>main.cf</b></a> configuration file. 96 1.1.1.3 tron 97 1.1.1.4 tron <b>-bm</b> Read mail from standard input and arrange for delivery. This is 98 1.1.1.4 tron the default mode of operation. 99 1.1 tron 100 1.1 tron <b>-bp</b> List the mail queue. See the <b>mailq</b> command above. 101 1.1 tron 102 1.1.1.7 christos <b>-bs</b> Stand-alone SMTP server mode. Read SMTP commands from standard 103 1.1.1.7 christos input, and write responses to standard output. In stand-alone 104 1.1.1.7 christos SMTP server mode, mail relaying and other access controls are 105 1.1.1.7 christos disabled by default. To enable them, run the process as the 106 1.1 tron <b><a href="postconf.5.html#mail_owner">mail_owner</a></b> user. 107 1.1 tron 108 1.1.1.7 christos This mode of operation is implemented by running the <a href="smtpd.8.html"><b>smtpd</b>(8)</a> 109 1.1.1.4 tron daemon. 110 1.1 tron 111 1.1.1.7 christos <b>-bv</b> Do not collect or deliver a message. Instead, send an email 112 1.1.1.7 christos report after verifying each recipient address. This is useful 113 1.1.1.4 tron for testing address rewriting and routing configurations. 114 1.1 tron 115 1.1.1.4 tron This feature is available in Postfix version 2.1 and later. 116 1.1 tron 117 1.1 tron <b>-C</b> <i>config</i><b>_</b><i>file</i> 118 1.1 tron 119 1.1 tron <b>-C</b> <i>config</i><b>_</b><i>dir</i> 120 1.1.1.7 christos The path name of the Postfix <a href="postconf.5.html"><b>main.cf</b></a> file, or of its parent 121 1.1.1.7 christos directory. This information is ignored with Postfix versions 122 1.1.1.4 tron before 2.3. 123 1.1.1.4 tron 124 1.1.1.6 christos With Postfix version 3.2 and later, a non-default directory must 125 1.1.1.7 christos be authorized in the default <a href="postconf.5.html"><b>main.cf</b></a> file, through the alter- 126 1.1.1.6 christos nate_config_directories or <a href="postconf.5.html#multi_instance_directories">multi_instance_directories</a> parame- 127 1.1.1.6 christos ters. 128 1.1.1.6 christos 129 1.1.1.7 christos With all Postfix versions, you can specify a directory pathname 130 1.1.1.7 christos with the MAIL_CONFIG environment variable to override the loca- 131 1.1.1.4 tron tion of configuration files. 132 1.1 tron 133 1.1 tron <b>-F</b> <i>full</i><b>_</b><i>name</i> 134 1.1.1.7 christos Set the sender full name. This overrides the NAME environment 135 1.1.1.4 tron variable, and is used only with messages that have no <b>From:</b> mes- 136 1.1.1.4 tron sage header. 137 1.1 tron 138 1.1 tron <b>-f</b> <i>sender</i> 139 1.1.1.7 christos Set the envelope sender address. This is the address where 140 1.1.1.4 tron delivery problems are sent to. With Postfix versions before 2.1, 141 1.1.1.7 christos the <b>Errors-To:</b> message header overrides the error return 142 1.1.1.4 tron address. 143 1.1.1.4 tron 144 1.1.1.7 christos <b>-G</b> Gateway (relay) submission, as opposed to initial user submis- 145 1.1.1.7 christos sion. Either do not rewrite addresses at all, or update incom- 146 1.1.1.7 christos plete addresses with the domain information specified with 147 1.1.1.4 tron <b><a href="postconf.5.html#remote_header_rewrite_domain">remote_header_rewrite_domain</a></b>. 148 1.1 tron 149 1.1.1.4 tron This option is ignored before Postfix version 2.3. 150 1.1 tron 151 1.1 tron <b>-h</b> <i>hop</i><b>_</b><i>count</i> (ignored) 152 1.1.1.7 christos Hop count limit. Use the <b><a href="postconf.5.html#hopcount_limit">hopcount_limit</a></b> configuration parameter 153 1.1.1.4 tron instead. 154 1.1 tron 155 1.1.1.4 tron <b>-I</b> Initialize alias database. See the <b>newaliases</b> command above. 156 1.1 tron 157 1.1.1.7 christos <b>-i</b> When reading a message from standard input, don't treat a line 158 1.1.1.4 tron with only a <b>.</b> character as the end of input. 159 1.1 tron 160 1.1 tron <b>-L</b> <i>label</i> (ignored) 161 1.1.1.7 christos The logging label. Use the <b><a href="postconf.5.html#syslog_name">syslog_name</a></b> configuration parameter 162 1.1.1.4 tron instead. 163 1.1 tron 164 1.1 tron <b>-m</b> (ignored) 165 1.1 tron Backwards compatibility. 166 1.1 tron 167 1.1 tron <b>-N</b> <i>dsn</i> (default: 'delay, failure') 168 1.1.1.7 christos Delivery status notification control. Specify either a 169 1.1.1.5 christos comma-separated list with one or more of <b>failure</b> (send notifica- 170 1.1.1.7 christos tion when delivery fails), <b>delay</b> (send notification when deliv- 171 1.1.1.7 christos ery is delayed), or <b>success</b> (send notification when the message 172 1.1.1.5 christos is delivered); or specify <b>never</b> (don't send any notifications at 173 1.1.1.4 tron all). 174 1.1 tron 175 1.1 tron This feature is available in Postfix 2.3 and later. 176 1.1 tron 177 1.1 tron <b>-n</b> (ignored) 178 1.1 tron Backwards compatibility. 179 1.1 tron 180 1.1 tron <b>-oA</b><i>alias</i><b>_</b><i>database</i> 181 1.1.1.7 christos Non-default alias database. Specify <i>pathname</i> or <i>type</i>:<i>pathname</i>. 182 1.1.1.4 tron See <a href="postalias.1.html"><b>postalias</b>(1)</a> for details. 183 1.1 tron 184 1.1 tron <b>-O</b> <i>option=value</i> (ignored) 185 1.1.1.7 christos Set the named <i>option</i> to <i>value</i>. Use the equivalent configuration 186 1.1.1.4 tron parameter in <a href="postconf.5.html"><b>main.cf</b></a> instead. 187 1.1 tron 188 1.1 tron <b>-o7</b> (ignored) 189 1.1 tron 190 1.1 tron <b>-o8</b> (ignored) 191 1.1.1.7 christos To send 8-bit or binary content, use an appropriate MIME encap- 192 1.1.1.4 tron sulation and specify the appropriate <b>-B</b> command-line option. 193 1.1.1.4 tron 194 1.1.1.7 christos <b>-oi</b> When reading a message from standard input, don't treat a line 195 1.1.1.4 tron with only a <b>.</b> character as the end of input. 196 1.1 tron 197 1.1 tron <b>-om</b> (ignored) 198 1.1.1.4 tron The sender is never eliminated from alias etc. expansions. 199 1.1 tron 200 1.1 tron <b>-o</b> <i>x value</i> (ignored) 201 1.1.1.7 christos Set option <i>x</i> to <i>value</i>. Use the equivalent configuration parame- 202 1.1.1.4 tron ter in <a href="postconf.5.html"><b>main.cf</b></a> instead. 203 1.1 tron 204 1.1 tron <b>-r</b> <i>sender</i> 205 1.1.1.7 christos Set the envelope sender address. This is the address where 206 1.1.1.4 tron delivery problems are sent to. With Postfix versions before 2.1, 207 1.1.1.7 christos the <b>Errors-To:</b> message header overrides the error return 208 1.1.1.4 tron address. 209 1.1 tron 210 1.1.1.3 tron <b>-R</b> <i>return</i> 211 1.1.1.7 christos Delivery status notification control. Specify "hdrs" to return 212 1.1.1.7 christos only the header when a message bounces, "full" to return a full 213 1.1.1.4 tron copy (the default behavior). 214 1.1.1.4 tron 215 1.1.1.4 tron The <b>-R</b> option specifies an upper bound; Postfix will return only 216 1.1.1.7 christos the header, when a full copy would exceed the <a href="postconf.5.html#bounce_size_limit">bounce_size_limit</a> 217 1.1.1.4 tron setting. 218 1.1.1.3 tron 219 1.1.1.3 tron This option is ignored before Postfix version 2.10. 220 1.1 tron 221 1.1.1.7 christos <b>-q</b> Attempt to deliver all queued mail. This is implemented by exe- 222 1.1.1.4 tron cuting the <a href="postqueue.1.html"><b>postqueue</b>(1)</a> command. 223 1.1 tron 224 1.1.1.7 christos Warning: flushing undeliverable mail frequently will result in 225 1.1.1.4 tron poor delivery performance of all other mail. 226 1.1 tron 227 1.1 tron <b>-q</b><i>interval</i> (ignored) 228 1.1.1.4 tron The interval between queue runs. Use the <b><a href="postconf.5.html#queue_run_delay">queue_run_delay</a></b> config- 229 1.1.1.4 tron uration parameter instead. 230 1.1 tron 231 1.1 tron <b>-qI</b><i>queueid</i> 232 1.1.1.4 tron Schedule immediate delivery of mail with the specified queue ID. 233 1.1.1.7 christos This option is implemented by executing the <a href="postqueue.1.html"><b>postqueue</b>(1)</a> com- 234 1.1.1.4 tron mand, and is available with Postfix version 2.4 and later. 235 1.1 tron 236 1.1 tron <b>-qR</b><i>site</i> 237 1.1.1.7 christos Schedule immediate delivery of all mail that is queued for the 238 1.1.1.7 christos named <i>site</i>. This option accepts only <i>site</i> names that are eligi- 239 1.1.1.7 christos ble for the "fast flush" service, and is implemented by execut- 240 1.1.1.4 tron ing the <a href="postqueue.1.html"><b>postqueue</b>(1)</a> command. See <a href="flush.8.html"><b>flush</b>(8)</a> for more information 241 1.1.1.4 tron about the "fast flush" service. 242 1.1 tron 243 1.1 tron <b>-qS</b><i>site</i> 244 1.1.1.7 christos This command is not implemented. Use the slower "<b>sendmail -q</b>" 245 1.1.1.4 tron command instead. 246 1.1.1.4 tron 247 1.1.1.7 christos <b>-t</b> Extract recipients from message headers. These are added to any 248 1.1.1.4 tron recipients specified on the command line. 249 1.1 tron 250 1.1.1.4 tron With Postfix versions prior to 2.1, this option requires that no 251 1.1.1.4 tron recipient addresses are specified on the command line. 252 1.1 tron 253 1.1 tron <b>-U</b> (ignored) 254 1.1 tron Initial user submission. 255 1.1 tron 256 1.1 tron <b>-V</b> <i>envid</i> 257 1.1.1.4 tron Specify the envelope ID for notification by servers that support 258 1.1.1.4 tron DSN. 259 1.1 tron 260 1.1 tron This feature is available in Postfix 2.3 and later. 261 1.1 tron 262 1.1 tron <b>-XV</b> (Postfix 2.2 and earlier: <b>-V</b>) 263 1.1.1.7 christos Variable Envelope Return Path. Given an envelope sender address 264 1.1.1.7 christos of the form <i>owner-listname</i>@<i>origin</i>, each recipient <i>user</i>@<i>domain</i> 265 1.1.1.4 tron receives mail with a personalized envelope sender address. 266 1.1.1.4 tron 267 1.1.1.7 christos By default, the personalized envelope sender address is 268 1.1.1.7 christos <i>owner-listname</i><b>+</b><i>user</i><b>=</b><i>domain</i>@<i>origin</i>. The default <b>+</b> and <b>=</b> charac- 269 1.1.1.7 christos ters are configurable with the <b><a href="postconf.5.html#default_verp_delimiters">default_verp_delimiters</a></b> configu- 270 1.1.1.5 christos ration parameter. 271 1.1 tron 272 1.1.1.4 tron <b>-XV</b><i>xy</i> (Postfix 2.2 and earlier: <b>-V</b><i>xy</i>) 273 1.1.1.7 christos As <b>-XV</b>, but uses <i>x</i> and <i>y</i> as the VERP delimiter characters, 274 1.1.1.4 tron instead of the characters specified with the <b><a href="postconf.5.html#default_verp_delimiters">default_verp_delim</a>-</b> 275 1.1.1.4 tron <b><a href="postconf.5.html#default_verp_delimiters">iters</a></b> configuration parameter. 276 1.1.1.4 tron 277 1.1.1.4 tron <b>-v</b> Send an email report of the first delivery attempt (Postfix ver- 278 1.1.1.7 christos sions 2.1 and later). Mail delivery always happens in the back- 279 1.1.1.7 christos ground. When multiple <b>-v</b> options are given, enable verbose log- 280 1.1.1.4 tron ging for debugging purposes. 281 1.1 tron 282 1.1 tron <b>-X</b> <i>log</i><b>_</b><i>file</i> (ignored) 283 1.1.1.4 tron Log mailer traffic. Use the <b><a href="postconf.5.html#debug_peer_list">debug_peer_list</a></b> and <b><a href="postconf.5.html#debug_peer_level">debug_peer_level</a></b> 284 1.1.1.4 tron configuration parameters instead. 285 1.1 tron 286 1.1.1.9 christos <b><a name="security">SECURITY</a></b> 287 1.1.1.7 christos By design, this program is not set-user (or group) id. It is prepared 288 1.1.1.7 christos to handle message content from untrusted, possibly remote, users. 289 1.1.1.7 christos 290 1.1.1.7 christos However, like most Postfix programs, this program does not enforce a 291 1.1.1.7 christos security policy on its command-line arguments. Instead, it relies on 292 1.1.1.7 christos the UNIX system to enforce access policies based on the effective user 293 1.1.1.7 christos and group IDs of the process. Concretely, this means that running Post- 294 1.1.1.7 christos fix commands as root (from sudo or equivalent) on behalf of a non-root 295 1.1.1.7 christos user is likely to create privilege escalation opportunities. 296 1.1.1.7 christos 297 1.1.1.7 christos If an application runs any Postfix programs on behalf of users that do 298 1.1.1.7 christos not have normal shell access to Postfix commands, then that application 299 1.1.1.7 christos MUST restrict user-specified command-line arguments to avoid privilege 300 1.1.1.7 christos escalation. 301 1.1.1.7 christos 302 1.1.1.7 christos <b>o</b> Filter all command-line arguments, for example arguments that 303 1.1.1.7 christos contain a pathname or that specify a database access method. 304 1.1.1.7 christos These pathname checks must reject user-controlled symlinks or 305 1.1.1.7 christos hardlinks to sensitive files, and must not be vulnerable to TOC- 306 1.1.1.7 christos TOU race attacks. 307 1.1.1.7 christos 308 1.1.1.7 christos <b>o</b> Disable command options processing for all command arguments 309 1.1.1.7 christos that contain user-specified data. For example, the Postfix <a href="sendmail.1.html"><b>send-</b></a> 310 1.1.1.7 christos <a href="sendmail.1.html"><b>mail</b>(1)</a> command line MUST be structured as follows: 311 1.1.1.7 christos 312 1.1.1.7 christos <b>/path/to/sendmail</b> <i>system-arguments</i> <b>--</b> <i>user-arguments</i> 313 1.1.1.7 christos 314 1.1.1.7 christos Here, the "<b>--</b>" disables command option processing for all 315 1.1.1.7 christos <i>user-arguments</i> that follow. 316 1.1.1.7 christos 317 1.1.1.7 christos Without the "<b>--</b>", a malicious user could enable Postfix <a href="sendmail.1.html"><b>send-</b></a> 318 1.1.1.7 christos <a href="sendmail.1.html"><b>mail</b>(1)</a> command options, by specifying an email address that 319 1.1.1.7 christos starts with "<b>-</b>". 320 1.1 tron 321 1.1.1.9 christos <b><a name="diagnostics">DIAGNOSTICS</a></b> 322 1.1.1.7 christos Problems are logged to <b>syslogd</b>(8) or <a href="postlogd.8.html"><b>postlogd</b>(8)</a>, and to the standard 323 1.1.1.6 christos error stream. 324 1.1 tron 325 1.1.1.9 christos <b><a name="environment">ENVIRONMENT</a></b> 326 1.1 tron <b>MAIL_CONFIG</b> 327 1.1 tron Directory with Postfix configuration files. 328 1.1 tron 329 1.1 tron <b>MAIL_VERBOSE</b> (value does not matter) 330 1.1 tron Enable verbose logging for debugging purposes. 331 1.1 tron 332 1.1 tron <b>MAIL_DEBUG</b> (value does not matter) 333 1.1.1.4 tron Enable debugging with an external command, as specified with the 334 1.1.1.4 tron <b><a href="postconf.5.html#debugger_command">debugger_command</a></b> configuration parameter. 335 1.1 tron 336 1.1.1.7 christos <b>NAME</b> The sender full name. This is used only with messages that have 337 1.1.1.4 tron no <b>From:</b> message header. See also the <b>-F</b> option above. 338 1.1 tron 339 1.1.1.9 christos <b><a name="configuration_parameters">CONFIGURATION PARAMETERS</a></b> 340 1.1.1.7 christos The following <a href="postconf.5.html"><b>main.cf</b></a> parameters are especially relevant to this pro- 341 1.1.1.7 christos gram. The text below provides only a parameter summary. See <a href="postconf.5.html"><b>post-</b></a> 342 1.1.1.4 tron <a href="postconf.5.html"><b>conf</b>(5)</a> for more details including examples. 343 1.1 tron 344 1.1.1.9 christos <b><a name="compatibility_controls">COMPATIBILITY CONTROLS</a></b> 345 1.1.1.2 tron Available with Postfix 2.9 and later: 346 1.1.1.2 tron 347 1.1.1.2 tron <b><a href="postconf.5.html#sendmail_fix_line_endings">sendmail_fix_line_endings</a> (always)</b> 348 1.1.1.4 tron Controls how the Postfix sendmail command converts email message 349 1.1.1.4 tron line endings from <CR><LF> into UNIX format (<LF>). 350 1.1.1.2 tron 351 1.1.1.9 christos <b><a name="trouble_shooting_controls">TROUBLE SHOOTING CONTROLS</a></b> 352 1.1.1.7 christos The <a href="DEBUG_README.html">DEBUG_README</a> file gives examples of how to troubleshoot a Postfix 353 1.1.1.4 tron system. 354 1.1 tron 355 1.1 tron <b><a href="postconf.5.html#debugger_command">debugger_command</a> (empty)</b> 356 1.1.1.4 tron The external command to execute when a Postfix daemon program is 357 1.1.1.4 tron invoked with the -D option. 358 1.1 tron 359 1.1 tron <b><a href="postconf.5.html#debug_peer_level">debug_peer_level</a> (2)</b> 360 1.1.1.7 christos The increment in verbose logging level when a nexthop destina- 361 1.1.1.7 christos tion, remote client or server name or network address matches a 362 1.1.1.7 christos pattern given with the <a href="postconf.5.html#debug_peer_list">debug_peer_list</a> parameter. 363 1.1 tron 364 1.1 tron <b><a href="postconf.5.html#debug_peer_list">debug_peer_list</a> (empty)</b> 365 1.1.1.7 christos Optional list of nexthop destination, remote client or server 366 1.1.1.7 christos name or network address patterns that, if matched, cause the 367 1.1.1.7 christos verbose logging level to increase by the amount specified in 368 1.1.1.7 christos $<a href="postconf.5.html#debug_peer_level">debug_peer_level</a>. 369 1.1 tron 370 1.1.1.9 christos <b><a name="access_controls">ACCESS CONTROLS</a></b> 371 1.1 tron Available in Postfix version 2.2 and later: 372 1.1 tron 373 1.1.1.2 tron <b><a href="postconf.5.html#authorized_flush_users">authorized_flush_users</a> (<a href="DATABASE_README.html#types">static</a>:anyone)</b> 374 1.1.1.4 tron List of users who are authorized to flush the queue. 375 1.1 tron 376 1.1.1.2 tron <b><a href="postconf.5.html#authorized_mailq_users">authorized_mailq_users</a> (<a href="DATABASE_README.html#types">static</a>:anyone)</b> 377 1.1 tron List of users who are authorized to view the queue. 378 1.1 tron 379 1.1.1.2 tron <b><a href="postconf.5.html#authorized_submit_users">authorized_submit_users</a> (<a href="DATABASE_README.html#types">static</a>:anyone)</b> 380 1.1.1.7 christos List of users who are authorized to submit mail with the <a href="sendmail.1.html"><b>send-</b></a> 381 1.1.1.4 tron <a href="sendmail.1.html"><b>mail</b>(1)</a> command (and with the privileged <a href="postdrop.1.html"><b>postdrop</b>(1)</a> helper com- 382 1.1.1.4 tron mand). 383 1.1 tron 384 1.1.1.9 christos <b><a name="resource_and_rate_controls">RESOURCE AND RATE CONTROLS</a></b> 385 1.1 tron <b><a href="postconf.5.html#bounce_size_limit">bounce_size_limit</a> (50000)</b> 386 1.1.1.7 christos The maximal amount of original message text that is sent in a 387 1.1.1.4 tron non-delivery notification. 388 1.1 tron 389 1.1 tron <b><a href="postconf.5.html#fork_attempts">fork_attempts</a> (5)</b> 390 1.1.1.4 tron The maximal number of attempts to fork() a child process. 391 1.1 tron 392 1.1 tron <b><a href="postconf.5.html#fork_delay">fork_delay</a> (1s)</b> 393 1.1.1.4 tron The delay between attempts to fork() a child process. 394 1.1 tron 395 1.1 tron <b><a href="postconf.5.html#hopcount_limit">hopcount_limit</a> (50)</b> 396 1.1.1.4 tron The maximal number of Received: message headers that is allowed 397 1.1.1.4 tron in the primary message headers. 398 1.1 tron 399 1.1 tron <b><a href="postconf.5.html#queue_run_delay">queue_run_delay</a> (300s)</b> 400 1.1.1.7 christos The time between <a href="QSHAPE_README.html#deferred_queue">deferred queue</a> scans by the queue manager; 401 1.1.1.4 tron prior to Postfix 2.4 the default value was 1000s. 402 1.1 tron 403 1.1.1.9 christos <b><a name="fast_flush_controls">FAST FLUSH CONTROLS</a></b> 404 1.1.1.7 christos The <a href="ETRN_README.html">ETRN_README</a> file describes configuration and operation details for 405 1.1.1.4 tron the Postfix "fast flush" service. 406 1.1 tron 407 1.1 tron <b><a href="postconf.5.html#fast_flush_domains">fast_flush_domains</a> ($<a href="postconf.5.html#relay_domains">relay_domains</a>)</b> 408 1.1.1.4 tron Optional list of destinations that are eligible for per-destina- 409 1.1.1.4 tron tion logfiles with mail that is queued to those destinations. 410 1.1 tron 411 1.1.1.9 christos <b><a name="verp_controls">VERP CONTROLS</a></b> 412 1.1.1.7 christos The <a href="VERP_README.html">VERP_README</a> file describes configuration and operation details of 413 1.1.1.4 tron Postfix support for variable envelope return path addresses. 414 1.1 tron 415 1.1 tron <b><a href="postconf.5.html#default_verp_delimiters">default_verp_delimiters</a> (+=)</b> 416 1.1 tron The two default VERP delimiter characters. 417 1.1 tron 418 1.1 tron <b><a href="postconf.5.html#verp_delimiter_filter">verp_delimiter_filter</a> (-=+)</b> 419 1.1.1.7 christos The characters Postfix accepts as VERP delimiter characters on 420 1.1.1.4 tron the Postfix <a href="sendmail.1.html"><b>sendmail</b>(1)</a> command line and in SMTP commands. 421 1.1 tron 422 1.1.1.9 christos <b><a name="miscellaneous_controls">MISCELLANEOUS CONTROLS</a></b> 423 1.1 tron <b><a href="postconf.5.html#alias_database">alias_database</a> (see 'postconf -d' output)</b> 424 1.1.1.7 christos The alias databases for <a href="local.8.html"><b>local</b>(8)</a> delivery that are updated with 425 1.1.1.4 tron "<b>newaliases</b>" or with "<b>sendmail -bi</b>". 426 1.1 tron 427 1.1 tron <b><a href="postconf.5.html#command_directory">command_directory</a> (see 'postconf -d' output)</b> 428 1.1.1.4 tron The location of all postfix administrative commands. 429 1.1 tron 430 1.1 tron <b><a href="postconf.5.html#config_directory">config_directory</a> (see 'postconf -d' output)</b> 431 1.1.1.7 christos The default location of the Postfix <a href="postconf.5.html">main.cf</a> and <a href="master.5.html">master.cf</a> con- 432 1.1.1.4 tron figuration files. 433 1.1 tron 434 1.1 tron <b><a href="postconf.5.html#daemon_directory">daemon_directory</a> (see 'postconf -d' output)</b> 435 1.1.1.4 tron The directory with Postfix support programs and daemon programs. 436 1.1 tron 437 1.1 tron <b><a href="postconf.5.html#default_database_type">default_database_type</a> (see 'postconf -d' output)</b> 438 1.1.1.4 tron The default database type for use in <a href="newaliases.1.html"><b>newaliases</b>(1)</a>, <a href="postalias.1.html"><b>postalias</b>(1)</a> 439 1.1.1.4 tron and <a href="postmap.1.html"><b>postmap</b>(1)</a> commands. 440 1.1 tron 441 1.1 tron <b><a href="postconf.5.html#delay_warning_time">delay_warning_time</a> (0h)</b> 442 1.1.1.7 christos The time after which the sender receives a copy of the message 443 1.1.1.4 tron headers of mail that is still queued. 444 1.1 tron 445 1.1.1.6 christos <b><a href="postconf.5.html#import_environment">import_environment</a> (see 'postconf -d' output)</b> 446 1.1.1.7 christos The list of environment variables that a privileged Postfix 447 1.1.1.7 christos process will import from a non-Postfix parent process, or 448 1.1.1.6 christos name=value environment overrides. 449 1.1.1.6 christos 450 1.1 tron <b><a href="postconf.5.html#mail_owner">mail_owner</a> (postfix)</b> 451 1.1.1.7 christos The UNIX system account that owns the Postfix queue and most 452 1.1.1.4 tron Postfix daemon processes. 453 1.1 tron 454 1.1 tron <b><a href="postconf.5.html#queue_directory">queue_directory</a> (see 'postconf -d' output)</b> 455 1.1.1.4 tron The location of the Postfix top-level queue directory. 456 1.1 tron 457 1.1 tron <b><a href="postconf.5.html#remote_header_rewrite_domain">remote_header_rewrite_domain</a> (empty)</b> 458 1.1.1.9 christos Rewrite or add message headers in mail from remote clients if 459 1.1.1.9 christos the <a href="postconf.5.html#remote_header_rewrite_domain">remote_header_rewrite_domain</a> parameter value is non-empty, 460 1.1.1.9 christos updating incomplete addresses with the domain specified in the 461 1.1.1.9 christos <a href="postconf.5.html#remote_header_rewrite_domain">remote_header_rewrite_domain</a> parameter, and adding missing head- 462 1.1.1.9 christos ers. 463 1.1 tron 464 1.1 tron <b><a href="postconf.5.html#syslog_facility">syslog_facility</a> (mail)</b> 465 1.1 tron The syslog facility of Postfix logging. 466 1.1 tron 467 1.1 tron <b><a href="postconf.5.html#syslog_name">syslog_name</a> (see 'postconf -d' output)</b> 468 1.1.1.7 christos A prefix that is prepended to the process name in syslog 469 1.1.1.6 christos records, so that, for example, "smtpd" becomes "prefix/smtpd". 470 1.1.1.6 christos 471 1.1.1.6 christos Postfix 3.2 and later: 472 1.1.1.6 christos 473 1.1.1.6 christos <b><a href="postconf.5.html#alternate_config_directories">alternate_config_directories</a> (empty)</b> 474 1.1.1.6 christos A list of non-default Postfix configuration directories that may 475 1.1.1.7 christos be specified with "-c <a href="postconf.5.html#config_directory">config_directory</a>" on the command line (in 476 1.1.1.7 christos the case of <a href="sendmail.1.html"><b>sendmail</b>(1)</a>, with the "-C" option), or via the 477 1.1.1.6 christos MAIL_CONFIG environment parameter. 478 1.1.1.6 christos 479 1.1.1.6 christos <b><a href="postconf.5.html#multi_instance_directories">multi_instance_directories</a> (empty)</b> 480 1.1.1.7 christos An optional list of non-default Postfix configuration directo- 481 1.1.1.7 christos ries; these directories belong to additional Postfix instances 482 1.1.1.7 christos that share the Postfix executable files and documentation with 483 1.1.1.7 christos the default Postfix instance, and that are started, stopped, 484 1.1.1.6 christos etc., together with the default Postfix instance. 485 1.1 tron 486 1.1.1.9 christos <b><a name="files">FILES</a></b> 487 1.1 tron /var/spool/postfix, mail queue 488 1.1 tron /etc/postfix, configuration files 489 1.1 tron 490 1.1.1.9 christos <b><a name="see_also">SEE ALSO</a></b> 491 1.1 tron <a href="pickup.8.html">pickup(8)</a>, mail pickup daemon 492 1.1 tron <a href="qmgr.8.html">qmgr(8)</a>, queue manager 493 1.1 tron <a href="smtpd.8.html">smtpd(8)</a>, SMTP server 494 1.1 tron <a href="flush.8.html">flush(8)</a>, fast flush service 495 1.1 tron <a href="postsuper.1.html">postsuper(1)</a>, queue maintenance 496 1.1 tron <a href="postalias.1.html">postalias(1)</a>, create/update/query alias database 497 1.1 tron <a href="postdrop.1.html">postdrop(1)</a>, mail posting utility 498 1.1 tron <a href="postfix.1.html">postfix(1)</a>, mail system control 499 1.1 tron <a href="postqueue.1.html">postqueue(1)</a>, mail queue control 500 1.1.1.6 christos <a href="postlogd.8.html">postlogd(8)</a>, Postfix logging 501 1.1 tron syslogd(8), system logging 502 1.1 tron 503 1.1.1.9 christos <b><a name="readme_files">README_FILES</a></b> 504 1.1.1.7 christos Use "<b>postconf <a href="postconf.5.html#readme_directory">readme_directory</a></b>" or "<b>postconf <a href="postconf.5.html#html_directory">html_directory</a></b>" to locate 505 1.1.1.4 tron this information. 506 1.1 tron <a href="DEBUG_README.html">DEBUG_README</a>, Postfix debugging howto 507 1.1 tron <a href="ETRN_README.html">ETRN_README</a>, Postfix ETRN howto 508 1.1 tron <a href="VERP_README.html">VERP_README</a>, Postfix VERP howto 509 1.1 tron 510 1.1.1.9 christos <b><a name="license">LICENSE</a></b> 511 1.1.1.4 tron The Secure Mailer license must be distributed with this software. 512 1.1 tron 513 1.1 tron <b>AUTHOR(S)</b> 514 1.1 tron Wietse Venema 515 1.1 tron IBM T.J. Watson Research 516 1.1 tron P.O. Box 704 517 1.1 tron Yorktown Heights, NY 10598, USA 518 1.1 tron 519 1.1.1.5 christos Wietse Venema 520 1.1.1.5 christos Google, Inc. 521 1.1.1.5 christos 111 8th Avenue 522 1.1.1.5 christos New York, NY 10011, USA 523 1.1.1.5 christos 524 1.1 tron SENDMAIL(1) 525 1.1 tron </pre> </body> </html> 526
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