asia revision 1.1
1 # This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of 2 # 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson. 3 4 # This data is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better, 5 # go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to 6 # tz (a] iana.org for general use in the future). 7 8 # From Paul Eggert (2013-08-11): 9 # 10 # A good source for time zone historical data outside the U.S. is 11 # Thomas G. Shanks and Rique Pottenger, The International Atlas (6th edition), 12 # San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (2003). 13 # 14 # Gwillim Law writes that a good source 15 # for recent time zone data is the International Air Transport 16 # Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM), 17 # published semiannually. Law sent in several helpful summaries 18 # of the IATA's data after 1990. 19 # 20 # Except where otherwise noted, Shanks & Pottenger is the source for 21 # entries through 1990, and IATA SSIM is the source for entries afterwards. 22 # 23 # Another source occasionally used is Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences, 24 # Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated), which 25 # I found in the UCLA library. 26 # 27 # For data circa 1899, a common source is: 28 # Milne J. Civil time. Geogr J. 1899 Feb;13(2):173-94 29 # <http://www.jstor.org/stable/1774359>. 30 # 31 # A reliable and entertaining source about time zones is 32 # Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997). 33 # 34 # I invented the abbreviations marked '*' in the following table; 35 # the rest are from earlier versions of this file, or from other sources. 36 # Corrections are welcome! 37 # std dst 38 # LMT Local Mean Time 39 # 2:00 EET EEST Eastern European Time 40 # 2:00 IST IDT Israel 41 # 3:00 AST ADT Arabia* 42 # 3:30 IRST IRDT Iran 43 # 4:00 GST Gulf* 44 # 5:30 IST India 45 # 7:00 ICT Indochina* 46 # 7:00 WIB west Indonesia (Waktu Indonesia Barat) 47 # 8:00 WITA central Indonesia (Waktu Indonesia Tengah) 48 # 8:00 CST China 49 # 8:00 JWST Western Standard Time (Japan, 1896/1937)* 50 # 9:00 JCST Central Standard Time (Japan, 1896/1937) 51 # 9:00 WIT east Indonesia (Waktu Indonesia Timur) 52 # 9:00 JST JDT Japan 53 # 9:00 KST KDT Korea 54 # 9:30 ACST Australian Central Standard Time 55 # 56 # See the 'europe' file for Russia and Turkey in Asia. 57 58 # From Guy Harris: 59 # Incorporates data for Singapore from Robert Elz' asia 1.1, as well as 60 # additional information from Tom Yap, Sun Microsystems Intercontinental 61 # Technical Support (including a page from the Official Airline Guide - 62 # Worldwide Edition). The names for time zones are guesses. 63 64 ############################################################################### 65 66 # These rules are stolen from the 'europe' file. 67 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 68 Rule EUAsia 1981 max - Mar lastSun 1:00u 1:00 S 69 Rule EUAsia 1979 1995 - Sep lastSun 1:00u 0 - 70 Rule EUAsia 1996 max - Oct lastSun 1:00u 0 - 71 Rule E-EurAsia 1981 max - Mar lastSun 0:00 1:00 S 72 Rule E-EurAsia 1979 1995 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 - 73 Rule E-EurAsia 1996 max - Oct lastSun 0:00 0 - 74 Rule RussiaAsia 1981 1984 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 75 Rule RussiaAsia 1981 1983 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 76 Rule RussiaAsia 1984 1991 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 - 77 Rule RussiaAsia 1985 1991 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S 78 Rule RussiaAsia 1992 only - Mar lastSat 23:00 1:00 S 79 Rule RussiaAsia 1992 only - Sep lastSat 23:00 0 - 80 Rule RussiaAsia 1993 max - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S 81 Rule RussiaAsia 1993 1995 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 - 82 Rule RussiaAsia 1996 max - Oct lastSun 2:00s 0 - 83 84 # Afghanistan 85 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 86 Zone Asia/Kabul 4:36:48 - LMT 1890 87 4:00 - AFT 1945 88 4:30 - AFT 89 90 # Armenia 91 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 92 # Shanks & Pottenger have Yerevan switching to 3:00 (with Russian DST) 93 # in spring 1991, then to 4:00 with no DST in fall 1995, then 94 # readopting Russian DST in 1997. Go with Shanks & Pottenger, even 95 # when they disagree with others. Edgar Der-Danieliantz 96 # reported (1996-05-04) that Yerevan probably wouldn't use DST 97 # in 1996, though it did use DST in 1995. IATA SSIM (1991/1998) reports that 98 # Armenia switched from 3:00 to 4:00 in 1998 and observed DST after 1991, 99 # but started switching at 3:00s in 1998. 100 101 # From Arthur David Olson (2011-06-15): 102 # While Russia abandoned DST in 2011, Armenia may choose to 103 # follow Russia's "old" rules. 104 105 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2012-02-10): 106 # According to News Armenia, on Feb 9, 2012, 107 # http://newsarmenia.ru/society/20120209/42609695.html 108 # 109 # The Armenia National Assembly adopted final reading of Amendments to the 110 # Law "On procedure of calculation time on the territory of the Republic of 111 # Armenia" according to which Armenia [is] abolishing Daylight Saving Time. 112 # or 113 # (brief) 114 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_armenia03.html 115 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 116 Zone Asia/Yerevan 2:58:00 - LMT 1924 May 2 117 3:00 - YERT 1957 Mar # Yerevan Time 118 4:00 RussiaAsia YER%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 119 3:00 1:00 YERST 1991 Sep 23 # independence 120 3:00 RussiaAsia AM%sT 1995 Sep 24 2:00s 121 4:00 - AMT 1997 122 4:00 RussiaAsia AM%sT 2012 Mar 25 2:00s 123 4:00 - AMT 124 125 # Azerbaijan 126 # From Rustam Aliyev of the Azerbaijan Internet Forum (2005-10-23): 127 # According to the resolution of Cabinet of Ministers, 1997 128 # Resolution available at: http://aif.az/docs/daylight_res.pdf 129 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 130 Rule Azer 1997 max - Mar lastSun 4:00 1:00 S 131 Rule Azer 1997 max - Oct lastSun 5:00 0 - 132 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 133 Zone Asia/Baku 3:19:24 - LMT 1924 May 2 134 3:00 - BAKT 1957 Mar # Baku Time 135 4:00 RussiaAsia BAK%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 136 3:00 1:00 BAKST 1991 Aug 30 # independence 137 3:00 RussiaAsia AZ%sT 1992 Sep lastSat 23:00 138 4:00 - AZT 1996 # Azerbaijan time 139 4:00 EUAsia AZ%sT 1997 140 4:00 Azer AZ%sT 141 142 # Bahrain 143 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 144 Zone Asia/Bahrain 3:22:20 - LMT 1920 # Manamah 145 4:00 - GST 1972 Jun 146 3:00 - AST 147 148 # Bangladesh 149 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-05-13): 150 # According to newspaper Asian Tribune (May 6, 2009) Bangladesh may introduce 151 # Daylight Saving Time from June 16 to Sept 30 152 # 153 # Bangladesh to introduce daylight saving time likely from June 16 154 # http://www.asiantribune.com/?q=node/17288 155 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_bangladesh02.html 156 # 157 # "... Bangladesh government has decided to switch daylight saving time from 158 # June 159 # 16 till September 30 in a bid to ensure maximum use of daylight to cope with 160 # crippling power crisis. " 161 # 162 # The switch will remain in effect from June 16 to Sept 30 (2009) but if 163 # implemented the next year, it will come in force from April 1, 2010 164 165 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-06-02): 166 # They have finally decided now, but changed the start date to midnight between 167 # the 19th and 20th, and they have not set the end date yet. 168 # 169 # Some sources: 170 # http://in.reuters.com/article/southAsiaNews/idINIndia-40017620090601 171 # http://bdnews24.com/details.php?id=85889&cid=2 172 # 173 # Our wrap-up: 174 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/bangladesh-daylight-saving-2009.html 175 176 # From A. N. M. Kamrus Saadat (2009-06-15): 177 # Finally we've got the official mail regarding DST start time where DST start 178 # time is mentioned as Jun 19 2009, 23:00 from BTRC (Bangladesh 179 # Telecommunication Regulatory Commission). 180 # 181 # No DST end date has been announced yet. 182 183 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-09-25): 184 # Bangladesh won't go back to Standard Time from October 1, 2009, 185 # instead it will continue DST measure till the cabinet makes a fresh decision. 186 # 187 # Following report by same newspaper-"The Daily Star Friday": 188 # "DST change awaits cabinet decision-Clock won't go back by 1-hr from Oct 1" 189 # http://www.thedailystar.net/newDesign/news-details.php?nid=107021 190 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_bangladesh04.html 191 192 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-10-13): 193 # IANS (Indo-Asian News Service) now reports: 194 # Bangladesh has decided that the clock advanced by an hour to make 195 # maximum use of daylight hours as an energy saving measure would 196 # "continue for an indefinite period." 197 # 198 # One of many places where it is published: 199 # http://www.thaindian.com/newsportal/business/bangladesh-to-continue-indefinitely-with-advanced-time_100259987.html 200 201 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-12-24): 202 # According to Bangladesh newspaper "The Daily Star," 203 # Bangladesh will change its clock back to Standard Time on Dec 31, 2009. 204 # 205 # Clock goes back 1-hr on Dec 31 night. 206 # http://www.thedailystar.net/newDesign/news-details.php?nid=119228 207 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_bangladesh05.html 208 # 209 # "...The government yesterday decided to put the clock back by one hour 210 # on December 31 midnight and the new time will continue until March 31, 211 # 2010 midnight. The decision came at a cabinet meeting at the Prime 212 # Minister's Office last night..." 213 214 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2010-03-22): 215 # According to Bangladesh newspaper "The Daily Star," 216 # Cabinet cancels Daylight Saving Time 217 # http://www.thedailystar.net/newDesign/latest_news.php?nid=22817 218 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_bangladesh06.html 219 220 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 221 Rule Dhaka 2009 only - Jun 19 23:00 1:00 S 222 Rule Dhaka 2009 only - Dec 31 23:59 0 - 223 224 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 225 Zone Asia/Dhaka 6:01:40 - LMT 1890 226 5:53:20 - HMT 1941 Oct # Howrah Mean Time? 227 6:30 - BURT 1942 May 15 # Burma Time 228 5:30 - IST 1942 Sep 229 6:30 - BURT 1951 Sep 30 230 6:00 - DACT 1971 Mar 26 # Dacca Time 231 6:00 - BDT 2009 232 6:00 Dhaka BD%sT 233 234 # Bhutan 235 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 236 Zone Asia/Thimphu 5:58:36 - LMT 1947 Aug 15 # or Thimbu 237 5:30 - IST 1987 Oct 238 6:00 - BTT # Bhutan Time 239 240 # British Indian Ocean Territory 241 # Whitman and the 1995 CIA time zone map say 5:00, but the 242 # 1997 and later maps say 6:00. Assume the switch occurred in 1996. 243 # We have no information as to when standard time was introduced; 244 # assume it occurred in 1907, the same year as Mauritius (which 245 # then contained the Chagos Archipelago). 246 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 247 Zone Indian/Chagos 4:49:40 - LMT 1907 248 5:00 - IOT 1996 # BIOT Time 249 6:00 - IOT 250 251 # Brunei 252 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 253 Zone Asia/Brunei 7:39:40 - LMT 1926 Mar # Bandar Seri Begawan 254 7:30 - BNT 1933 255 8:00 - BNT 256 257 # Burma / Myanmar 258 259 # Milne says 6:24:40 was the meridian of the time ball observatory at Rangoon. 260 261 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 262 Zone Asia/Rangoon 6:24:40 - LMT 1880 # or Yangon 263 6:24:40 - RMT 1920 # Rangoon Mean Time? 264 6:30 - BURT 1942 May # Burma Time 265 9:00 - JST 1945 May 3 266 6:30 - MMT # Myanmar Time 267 268 # Cambodia 269 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 270 Zone Asia/Phnom_Penh 6:59:40 - LMT 1906 Jun 9 271 7:06:20 - SMT 1911 Mar 11 0:01 # Saigon MT? 272 7:00 - ICT 1912 May 273 8:00 - ICT 1931 May 274 7:00 - ICT 275 276 # China 277 278 # From Guy Harris: 279 # People's Republic of China. Yes, they really have only one time zone. 280 281 # From Bob Devine (1988-01-28): 282 # No they don't. See TIME mag, 1986-02-17 p.52. Even though 283 # China is across 4 physical time zones, before Feb 1, 1986 only the 284 # Peking (Beijing) time zone was recognized. Since that date, China 285 # has two of 'em - Peking's and rmqi (named after the capital of 286 # the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region). I don't know about DST for it. 287 # 288 # . . .I just deleted the DST table and this editor makes it too 289 # painful to suck in another copy. So, here is what I have for 290 # DST start/end dates for Peking's time zone (info from AP): 291 # 292 # 1986 May 4 - Sept 14 293 # 1987 mid-April - ?? 294 295 # From U. S. Naval Observatory (1989-01-19): 296 # CHINA 8 H AHEAD OF UTC ALL OF CHINA, INCL TAIWAN 297 # CHINA 9 H AHEAD OF UTC APR 17 - SEP 10 298 299 # From Paul Eggert (2008-02-11): 300 # Jim Mann, "A clumsy embrace for another western custom: China on daylight 301 # time - sort of", Los Angeles Times, 1986-05-05 ... [says] that China began 302 # observing daylight saving time in 1986. 303 304 # From Paul Eggert (2014-06-30): 305 # Shanks & Pottenger have China switching to a single time zone in 1980, but 306 # this doesn't seem to be correct. They also write that China observed summer 307 # DST from 1986 through 1991, which seems to match the above commentary, so 308 # go with them for DST rules as follows: 309 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 310 Rule Shang 1940 only - Jun 3 0:00 1:00 D 311 Rule Shang 1940 1941 - Oct 1 0:00 0 S 312 Rule Shang 1941 only - Mar 16 0:00 1:00 D 313 Rule PRC 1986 only - May 4 0:00 1:00 D 314 Rule PRC 1986 1991 - Sep Sun>=11 0:00 0 S 315 Rule PRC 1987 1991 - Apr Sun>=10 0:00 1:00 D 316 317 # From Anthony Fok (2001-12-20): 318 # BTW, I did some research on-line and found some info regarding these five 319 # historic timezones from some Taiwan websites. And yes, there are official 320 # Chinese names for these locales (before 1949). 321 # 322 # From Jesper Nrgaard Welen (2006-07-14): 323 # I have investigated the timezones around 1970 on the 324 # http://www.astro.com/atlas site [with provinces and county 325 # boundaries summarized below].... A few other exceptions were two 326 # counties on the Sichuan side of the Xizang-Sichuan border, 327 # counties Dege and Baiyu which lies on the Sichuan side and are 328 # therefore supposed to be GMT+7, Xizang region being GMT+6, but Dege 329 # county is GMT+8 according to astro.com while Baiyu county is GMT+6 330 # (could be true), for the moment I am assuming that those two 331 # counties are mistakes in the astro.com data. 332 333 # From Paul Eggert (2014-06-30): 334 # Alois Treindl kindly sent me translations of the following two sources: 335 # 336 # (1) 337 # Guo Qingsheng (National Time-Service Center, CAS, Xi'an 710600, China) 338 # Beijing Time at the Beginning of the PRC 339 # China Historical Materials of Science and Technology 340 # (Zhongguo ke ji shi liao, ), Vol. 24, No. 1 (2003) 341 # It gives evidence that at the beginning of the PRC, Beijing time was 342 # officially apparent solar time! However, Guo also says that the 343 # evidence is dubious, as the relevant institute of astronomy had not 344 # been taken over by the PRC yet. It's plausible that apparent solar 345 # time was announced but never implemented, and that people continued 346 # to use UT+8. As the Shanghai radio station (and I presume the 347 # observatory) was still under control of French missionaries, it 348 # could well have ignored any such mandate. 349 # 350 # (2) 351 # Guo Qing-sheng (Shaanxi Astronomical Observatory, CAS, Xi'an 710600, China) 352 # A Study on the Standard Time Changes for the Past 100 Years in China 353 # [undated and unknown publication location] 354 # It says several things: 355 # * The Qing dynasty used local apparent solar time throughout China. 356 # * The Republic of China instituted Beijing mean solar time effective 357 # the official calendar book of 1914. 358 # * The French Concession in Shanghai set up signal stations in 359 # French docks in the 1890s, controled by Xujiahui (Zikawei) 360 # Obervatory and set to local mean time. 361 # * "From the end of the 19th century" it changed to UT+8. 362 # * Chinese Customs (by then reduced to a tool of foreign powers) 363 # eventually standardized on this time for all ports, and it 364 # became used by railways as well. 365 # * In 1918 the Central Observatory proposed dividing China into 366 # five time zones (see below for details). This caught on 367 # at first only in coastal areas observing UT+8. 368 # * During WWII all of China was in theory was at UT+7. In practice 369 # this was ignored in the west, and I presume was ignored in 370 # Japanese-occupied territory. 371 # * Japanese-occupied Manchuria was at UT+9, i.e., Japan time. 372 # * The five-zone plan was resurrected after WWII and officially put into 373 # place (with some modifications) in March 1948. It's not clear 374 # how well it was observed in areas under Nationalist control. 375 # * The People's Liberation Army used UT+8 during the civil war. 376 # 377 # An AP article "Shanghai Internat'l Area Little Changed" in the 378 # Lewiston (ME) Daily Sun (1939-05-29), p 17, said "Even the time is 379 # different - the occupied districts going by Tokyo time, an hour 380 # ahead of that prevailing in the rest of Shanghai." Guess that the 381 # Xujiahui Observatory was under French control and stuck with UT+8. 382 # 383 # In earlier versions of this file, China had many separate Zone entries, but 384 # this was based on what was apparently incorrect data in Shanks & Pottenger. 385 # This has now been simplified to the two entries Asia/Shanghai and 386 # Asia/Urumqi, with the others being links for backward compatibility. 387 # Proposed in 1918 and theoretically in effect until 1949 (although in practice 388 # mainly observed in coastal areas), the five zones were: 389 # 390 # Changbai Time ("Long-white Time", Long-white = Heilongjiang area) UT+8.5 391 # Asia/Harbin (currently a link to Asia/Shanghai) 392 # Heilongjiang (except Mohe county), Jilin 393 # 394 # Zhongyuan Time ("Central plain Time") UT+8 395 # Asia/Shanghai 396 # most of China 397 # This currently represents most other zones as well, 398 # as apparently these regions have been the same since 1970. 399 # Milne gives 8:05:43.2 for Xujiahui Observatory time; round to nearest. 400 # Guo says Shanghai switched to UT+8 "from the end of the 19th century". 401 # 402 # Long-shu Time (probably due to Long and Shu being two names of that area) UT+7 403 # Asia/Chongqing (currently a link to Asia/Shanghai) 404 # Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Ningxia, Sichuan, Shaanxi, and Yunnan; 405 # most of Gansu; west Inner Mongolia; west Qinghai; and the Guangdong 406 # counties Deqing, Enping, Kaiping, Luoding, Taishan, Xinxing, 407 # Yangchun, Yangjiang, Yu'nan, and Yunfu. 408 # 409 # Xin-zang Time ("Xinjiang-Tibet Time") UT+6 410 # Asia/Urumqi 411 # This currently represents Kunlun Time as well, 412 # as apparently the two regions have been the same since 1970. 413 # The Gansu counties Aksay, Anxi, Dunhuang, Subei; west Qinghai; 414 # the Guangdong counties Xuwen, Haikang, Suixi, Lianjiang, 415 # Zhanjiang, Wuchuan, Huazhou, Gaozhou, Maoming, Dianbai, and Xinyi; 416 # east Tibet, including Lhasa, Chamdo, Shigaise, Jimsar, Shawan and Hutubi; 417 # east Xinjiang, including rmqi, Turpan, Karamay, Korla, Minfeng, Jinghe, 418 # Wusu, Qiemo, Xinyan, Wulanwusu, Jinghe, Yumin, Tacheng, Tuoli, Emin, 419 # Shihezi, Changji, Yanqi, Heshuo, Tuokexun, Tulufan, Shanshan, Hami, 420 # Fukang, Kuitun, Kumukuli, Miquan, Qitai, and Turfan. 421 # 422 # Kunlun Time UT+5.5 423 # Asia/Kashgar (currently a link to Asia/Urumqi) 424 # West Tibet, including Pulan, Aheqi, Shufu, Shule; 425 # West Xinjiang, including Aksu, Atushi, Yining, Hetian, Cele, Luopu, Nileke, 426 # Zhaosu, Tekesi, Gongliu, Chabuchaer, Huocheng, Bole, Pishan, Suiding, 427 # and Yarkand. 428 429 # From Luther Ma (2009-10-17): 430 # Almost all (>99.9%) ethnic Chinese (properly ethnic Han) living in 431 # Xinjiang use Chinese Standard Time. Some are aware of Xinjiang time, 432 # but have no need of it. All planes, trains, and schools function on 433 # what is called "Beijing time." When Han make an appointment in Chinese 434 # they implicitly use Beijing time. 435 # 436 # On the other hand, ethnic Uyghurs, who make up about half the 437 # population of Xinjiang, typically use "Xinjiang time" which is two 438 # hours behind Beijing time, or UTC +0600. The government of the Xinjiang 439 # Uyghur Autonomous Region, (XAUR, or just Xinjiang for short) as well as 440 # local governments such as the rmqi city government use both times in 441 # publications, referring to what is popularly called Xinjiang time as 442 # "rmqi time." When Uyghurs make an appointment in the Uyghur language 443 # they almost invariably use Xinjiang time. 444 # 445 # (Their ethnic Han compatriots would typically have no clue of its 446 # widespread use, however, because so extremely few of them are fluent in 447 # Uyghur, comparable to the number of Anglo-Americans fluent in Navajo.) 448 # 449 # (...As with the rest of China there was a brief interval ending in 1990 450 # or 1991 when summer time was in use. The confusion was severe, with 451 # the province not having dual times but four times in use at the same 452 # time. Some areas remained on standard Xinjiang time or Beijing time and 453 # others moving their clocks ahead.) 454 455 # From Luther Ma (2009-11-19): 456 # With the risk of being redundant to previous answers these are the most common 457 # English "transliterations" (w/o using non-English symbols): 458 # 459 # 1. Wulumuqi... 460 # 2. Kashi... 461 # 3. Urumqi... 462 # 4. Kashgar... 463 # ... 464 # 5. It seems that Uyghurs in rmqi has been using Xinjiang since at least the 465 # 1960's. I know of one Han, now over 50, who grew up in the surrounding 466 # countryside and used Xinjiang time as a child. 467 # 468 # 6. Likewise for Kashgar and the rest of south Xinjiang I don't know of any 469 # start date for Xinjiang time. 470 # 471 # Without having access to local historical records, nor the ability to legally 472 # publish them, I would go with October 1, 1949, when Xinjiang became the Uyghur 473 # Autonomous Region under the PRC. (Before that Uyghurs, of course, would also 474 # not be using Beijing time, but some local time.) 475 476 # From David Cochrane (2014-03-26): 477 # Just a confirmation that rmqi time was implemented in rmqi on 1 Feb 1986: 478 # http://content.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,960684,00.html 479 480 # From Luther Ma (2014-04-22): 481 # I have interviewed numerous people of various nationalities and from 482 # different localities in Xinjiang and can confirm the information in Guo's 483 # report regarding Xinjiang, as well as the Time article reference by David 484 # Cochrane. Whether officially recognized or not (and both are officially 485 # recognized), two separate times have been in use in Xinjiang since at least 486 # the Cultural Revolution: Xinjiang Time (XJT), aka rmqi Time or local time; 487 # and Beijing Time. There is no confusion in Xinjiang as to which name refers 488 # to which time. Both are widely used in the province, although in some 489 # population groups might be use one to the exclusion of the other. The only 490 # problem is that computers and smart phones list rmqi (or Kashgar) as 491 # having the same time as Beijing. 492 493 # From Paul Eggert (2014-06-30): 494 # In the early days of the PRC, Tibet was given its own time zone (UT+6) but 495 # this was withdrawn in 1959 and never reinstated; see Tubten Khtsun, 496 # Memories of life in Lhasa under Chinese Rule, Columbia U Press, ISBN 497 # 978-0231142861 (2008), translator's introduction by Matthew Akester, p x. 498 # As this is before our 1970 cutoff, Tibet doesn't need a separate zone. 499 # 500 # Xinjiang Time is well-documented as being officially recognized. E.g., see 501 # "The Working-Calendar for The Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Government" 502 # <http://www.sinkiang.gov.cn/service/ourworking/> (2014-04-22). 503 # Unfortunately, we have no good records of time in Xinjiang before 1986. 504 # During the 20th century parts of Xinjiang were ruled by the Qing dyansty, 505 # the Republic of China, various warlords, the First and Second East Turkestan 506 # Republics, the Soviet Union, the Kuomintang, and the People's Republic of 507 # China, and tracking down all these organizations' timekeeping rules would be 508 # quite a trick. Approximate this lost history by a transition from LMT to 509 # XJT at the start of 1928, the year of accession of the warlord Jin Shuren, 510 # which happens to be the date given by Shanks & Pottenger (no doubt as a 511 # guess) as the transition from LMT. Ignore the usage of UT+8 before 512 # 1986-02-01 under the theory that the transition date to UT+8 is unknown and 513 # that the sort of users who prefer Asia/Urumqi now typically ignored the 514 # UT+8 mandate back then. 515 516 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 517 # Beijing time, used throughout China; represented by Shanghai. 518 Zone Asia/Shanghai 8:05:43 - LMT 1901 519 8:00 Shang C%sT 1949 520 8:00 PRC C%sT 521 # Xinjiang time, used by many in western China; represented by rmqi / rmchi 522 # / Wulumuqi. (Please use Asia/Shanghai if you prefer Beijing time.) 523 Zone Asia/Urumqi 5:50:20 - LMT 1928 524 6:00 - XJT 525 526 527 # Hong Kong (Xianggang) 528 529 # Milne gives 7:36:41.7; round this. 530 531 # From Lee Yiu Chung (2009-10-24): 532 # I found there are some mistakes for the...DST rule for Hong 533 # Kong. [According] to the DST record from Hong Kong Observatory (actually, 534 # it is not [an] observatory, but the official meteorological agency of HK, 535 # and also serves as the official timing agency), there are some missing 536 # and incorrect rules. Although the exact switch over time is missing, I 537 # think 3:30 is correct. The official DST record for Hong Kong can be 538 # obtained from 539 # http://www.hko.gov.hk/gts/time/Summertime.htm 540 541 # From Arthur David Olson (2009-10-28): 542 # Here are the dates given at 543 # http://www.hko.gov.hk/gts/time/Summertime.htm 544 # as of 2009-10-28: 545 # Year Period 546 # 1941 1 Apr to 30 Sep 547 # 1942 Whole year 548 # 1943 Whole year 549 # 1944 Whole year 550 # 1945 Whole year 551 # 1946 20 Apr to 1 Dec 552 # 1947 13 Apr to 30 Dec 553 # 1948 2 May to 31 Oct 554 # 1949 3 Apr to 30 Oct 555 # 1950 2 Apr to 29 Oct 556 # 1951 1 Apr to 28 Oct 557 # 1952 6 Apr to 25 Oct 558 # 1953 5 Apr to 1 Nov 559 # 1954 21 Mar to 31 Oct 560 # 1955 20 Mar to 6 Nov 561 # 1956 18 Mar to 4 Nov 562 # 1957 24 Mar to 3 Nov 563 # 1958 23 Mar to 2 Nov 564 # 1959 22 Mar to 1 Nov 565 # 1960 20 Mar to 6 Nov 566 # 1961 19 Mar to 5 Nov 567 # 1962 18 Mar to 4 Nov 568 # 1963 24 Mar to 3 Nov 569 # 1964 22 Mar to 1 Nov 570 # 1965 18 Apr to 17 Oct 571 # 1966 17 Apr to 16 Oct 572 # 1967 16 Apr to 22 Oct 573 # 1968 21 Apr to 20 Oct 574 # 1969 20 Apr to 19 Oct 575 # 1970 19 Apr to 18 Oct 576 # 1971 18 Apr to 17 Oct 577 # 1972 16 Apr to 22 Oct 578 # 1973 22 Apr to 21 Oct 579 # 1973/74 30 Dec 73 to 20 Oct 74 580 # 1975 20 Apr to 19 Oct 581 # 1976 18 Apr to 17 Oct 582 # 1977 Nil 583 # 1978 Nil 584 # 1979 13 May to 21 Oct 585 # 1980 to Now Nil 586 # The page does not give start or end times of day. 587 # The page does not give a start date for 1942. 588 # The page does not givw an end date for 1945. 589 # The Japanese occupation of Hong Kong began on 1941-12-25. 590 # The Japanese surrender of Hong Kong was signed 1945-09-15. 591 # For lack of anything better, use start of those days as the transition times. 592 593 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 594 Rule HK 1941 only - Apr 1 3:30 1:00 S 595 Rule HK 1941 only - Sep 30 3:30 0 - 596 Rule HK 1946 only - Apr 20 3:30 1:00 S 597 Rule HK 1946 only - Dec 1 3:30 0 - 598 Rule HK 1947 only - Apr 13 3:30 1:00 S 599 Rule HK 1947 only - Dec 30 3:30 0 - 600 Rule HK 1948 only - May 2 3:30 1:00 S 601 Rule HK 1948 1951 - Oct lastSun 3:30 0 - 602 Rule HK 1952 only - Oct 25 3:30 0 - 603 Rule HK 1949 1953 - Apr Sun>=1 3:30 1:00 S 604 Rule HK 1953 only - Nov 1 3:30 0 - 605 Rule HK 1954 1964 - Mar Sun>=18 3:30 1:00 S 606 Rule HK 1954 only - Oct 31 3:30 0 - 607 Rule HK 1955 1964 - Nov Sun>=1 3:30 0 - 608 Rule HK 1965 1976 - Apr Sun>=16 3:30 1:00 S 609 Rule HK 1965 1976 - Oct Sun>=16 3:30 0 - 610 Rule HK 1973 only - Dec 30 3:30 1:00 S 611 Rule HK 1979 only - May Sun>=8 3:30 1:00 S 612 Rule HK 1979 only - Oct Sun>=16 3:30 0 - 613 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 614 Zone Asia/Hong_Kong 7:36:42 - LMT 1904 Oct 30 615 8:00 HK HK%sT 1941 Dec 25 616 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 15 617 8:00 HK HK%sT 618 619 ############################################################################### 620 621 # Taiwan 622 623 # From smallufo (2010-04-03): 624 # According to Taiwan's CWB [Central Weather Bureau], 625 # http://www.cwb.gov.tw/V6/astronomy/cdata/summert.htm 626 # Taipei has DST in 1979 between July 1st and Sep 30. 627 628 # From Yu-Cheng Chuang (2013-07-12): 629 # On Dec 28, 1895, the Meiji Emperor announced Ordinance No. 167 of 630 # Meiji Year 28 "The clause about standard time", mentioned that 631 # Taiwan and Penghu Islands, as well as Yaeyama and Miyako Islands 632 # (both in Okinawa) adopt the Western Standard Time which is based on 633 # 120E. The adoption began from Jan 1, 1896. The original text can be 634 # found on Wikisource: 635 # http://ja.wikisource.org/wiki/_() 636 # ... This could be the first adoption of time zone in Taiwan, because 637 # during the Qing Dynasty, it seems that there was no time zone 638 # declared officially. 639 # 640 # Later, in the beginning of World War II, on Sep 25, 1937, the Showa 641 # Emperor announced Ordinance No. 529 of Showa Year 12 "The clause of 642 # revision in the ordinance No. 167 of Meiji year 28 about standard 643 # time", in which abolished the adoption of Western Standard Time in 644 # western islands (listed above), which means the whole Japan 645 # territory, including later occupations, adopt Japan Central Time 646 # (UTC+9). The adoption began on Oct 1, 1937. The original text can 647 # be found on Wikisource: 648 # http://ja.wikisource.org/wiki/ 649 # 650 # That is, the time zone of Taipei switched to UTC+9 on Oct 1, 1937. 651 652 # From Yu-Cheng Chuang (2014-07-02): 653 # I've found more evidence about when the time zone was switched from UTC+9 654 # back to UTC+8 after WW2. I believe it was on Sep 21, 1945. In a document 655 # during Japanese era [1] in which the officer told the staff to change time 656 # zone back to Western Standard Time (UTC+8) on Sep 21. And in another 657 # history page of National Cheng Kung University [2], on Sep 21 there is a 658 # note "from today, switch back to Western Standard Time". From these two 659 # materials, I believe that the time zone change happened on Sep 21. And 660 # today I have found another monthly journal called "The Astronomical Herald" 661 # from The Astronomical Society of Japan [3] in which it mentioned the fact 662 # that: 663 # 664 # 1. Standard Time of the Country (Japan) was adopted on Jan 1, 1888, using 665 # the time at 135E (GMT+9) 666 # 667 # 2. Standard Time of the Country was renamed to Central Standard Time, on Jan 668 # 1, 1898, and on the same day, the new territories Taiwan and Penghu islands, 669 # as well as Yaeyama and Miyako islands, adopted a new time zone called 670 # Western Standard Time, which is in GMT+8. 671 # 672 # 3. Western Standard Time was deprecated on Sep 30, 1937. From then all the 673 # territories of Japan adopted the same time zone, which is Central Standard 674 # Time. 675 # 676 # [1] Academica Historica, Taiwan: 677 # http://163.29.208.22:8080/govsaleShowImage/connect_img.php?s=00101738900090036&e=00101738900090037 678 # [2] Nat'l Cheng Kung University 70th Anniversary Special Site: 679 # http://www.ncku.edu.tw/~ncku70/menu/001/01_01.htm 680 # [3] Yukio Niimi, The Standard Time in Japan (1997), p.475: 681 # http://www.asj.or.jp/geppou/archive_open/1997/pdf/19971001c.pdf 682 683 # Yu-Cheng Chuang (2014-07-03): 684 # I finally have found the real official gazette about changing back to 685 # Western Standard Time on Sep 21 in Taiwan. It's Taiwan Governor-General 686 # Bulletin No. 386 in Showa 20 years (1945), published on Sep 19, 1945. [1] ... 687 # [It] abolishes Bulletin No. 207 in Showa 12 years (1937), which is a local 688 # bulletin in Taiwan for that Ordinance No. 529. It also mentioned that 1am on 689 # Sep 21, 1945 will be 12am on Sep 21. I think this bulletin is much more 690 # official than the one I mentioned in my first mail, because it's from the 691 # top-level government in Taiwan. If you're going to quote any resource, this 692 # would be a good one. 693 # [1] Taiwan Governor-General Gazette, No. 1018, Sep 19, 1945: 694 # http://db2.th.gov.tw/db2/view/viewImg.php?imgcode=0072031018a&num=19&bgn=019&end=019&otherImg=&type=gener 695 696 # From Yu-Cheng Chuang (2014-07-02): 697 # In 1946, DST in Taiwan was from May 15 and ended on Sep 30. The info from 698 # Central Weather Bureau website was not correct. 699 # 700 # Original Bulletin: 701 # <http://subtpg.tpg.gov.tw/og/image2.asp?f=03502F0AKM1AF> 702 # <http://subtpg.tpg.gov.tw/og/image2.asp?f=0350300AKM1B0> (cont.) 703 # 704 # In 1947, DST in Taiwan was expanded to Oct 31. There is a backup of that 705 # telegram announcement from Taiwan Province Government: 706 # 707 # <http://subtpg.tpg.gov.tw/og/image2.asp?f=0360310AKZ431> 708 # 709 # Here is a brief translation: 710 # 711 # The Summer Time this year is adopted from midnight Apr 15 until Sep 20 712 # midnight. To save (energy?) consumption, we're expanding Summer Time 713 # adption till Oct 31 midnight. 714 # 715 # The Central Weather Bureau website didn't mention that, however it can 716 # be found from historical government announcement database. 717 718 # From Paul Eggert (2014-07-03): 719 # As per Yu-Cheng Chuang, say that Taiwan was at UT+9 from 1937-10-01 720 # until 1945-09-21 at 01:00, overriding Shanks & Pottenger. 721 # Likewise, use Yu-Cheng Chuang's data for DST in Taiwan. 722 723 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 724 Rule Taiwan 1946 only - May 15 0:00 1:00 D 725 Rule Taiwan 1946 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 S 726 Rule Taiwan 1947 only - Apr 15 0:00 1:00 D 727 Rule Taiwan 1947 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 S 728 Rule Taiwan 1948 1951 - May 1 0:00 1:00 D 729 Rule Taiwan 1948 1951 - Oct 1 0:00 0 S 730 Rule Taiwan 1952 only - Mar 1 0:00 1:00 D 731 Rule Taiwan 1952 1954 - Nov 1 0:00 0 S 732 Rule Taiwan 1953 1959 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D 733 Rule Taiwan 1955 1961 - Oct 1 0:00 0 S 734 Rule Taiwan 1960 1961 - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 D 735 Rule Taiwan 1974 1975 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D 736 Rule Taiwan 1974 1975 - Oct 1 0:00 0 S 737 Rule Taiwan 1979 only - Jul 1 0:00 1:00 D 738 Rule Taiwan 1979 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 S 739 740 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 741 # Taipei or Taibei or T'ai-pei 742 Zone Asia/Taipei 8:06:00 - LMT 1896 Jan 1 743 8:00 - JWST 1937 Oct 1 744 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 21 01:00 745 8:00 Taiwan C%sT 746 747 # Macau (Macao, Aomen) 748 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 749 Rule Macau 1961 1962 - Mar Sun>=16 3:30 1:00 S 750 Rule Macau 1961 1964 - Nov Sun>=1 3:30 0 - 751 Rule Macau 1963 only - Mar Sun>=16 0:00 1:00 S 752 Rule Macau 1964 only - Mar Sun>=16 3:30 1:00 S 753 Rule Macau 1965 only - Mar Sun>=16 0:00 1:00 S 754 Rule Macau 1965 only - Oct 31 0:00 0 - 755 Rule Macau 1966 1971 - Apr Sun>=16 3:30 1:00 S 756 Rule Macau 1966 1971 - Oct Sun>=16 3:30 0 - 757 Rule Macau 1972 1974 - Apr Sun>=15 0:00 1:00 S 758 Rule Macau 1972 1973 - Oct Sun>=15 0:00 0 - 759 Rule Macau 1974 1977 - Oct Sun>=15 3:30 0 - 760 Rule Macau 1975 1977 - Apr Sun>=15 3:30 1:00 S 761 Rule Macau 1978 1980 - Apr Sun>=15 0:00 1:00 S 762 Rule Macau 1978 1980 - Oct Sun>=15 0:00 0 - 763 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 764 Zone Asia/Macau 7:34:20 - LMT 1912 765 8:00 Macau MO%sT 1999 Dec 20 # return to China 766 8:00 PRC C%sT 767 768 769 ############################################################################### 770 771 # Cyprus 772 # 773 # Milne says the Eastern Telegraph Company used 2:14:00. Stick with LMT. 774 # 775 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 776 Rule Cyprus 1975 only - Apr 13 0:00 1:00 S 777 Rule Cyprus 1975 only - Oct 12 0:00 0 - 778 Rule Cyprus 1976 only - May 15 0:00 1:00 S 779 Rule Cyprus 1976 only - Oct 11 0:00 0 - 780 Rule Cyprus 1977 1980 - Apr Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 S 781 Rule Cyprus 1977 only - Sep 25 0:00 0 - 782 Rule Cyprus 1978 only - Oct 2 0:00 0 - 783 Rule Cyprus 1979 1997 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 - 784 Rule Cyprus 1981 1998 - Mar lastSun 0:00 1:00 S 785 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 786 Zone Asia/Nicosia 2:13:28 - LMT 1921 Nov 14 787 2:00 Cyprus EE%sT 1998 Sep 788 2:00 EUAsia EE%sT 789 # IATA SSIM (1998-09) has Cyprus using EU rules for the first time. 790 791 # Classically, Cyprus belongs to Asia; e.g. see Herodotus, Histories, I.72. 792 # However, for various reasons many users expect to find it under Europe. 793 Link Asia/Nicosia Europe/Nicosia 794 795 # Georgia 796 # From Paul Eggert (1994-11-19): 797 # Today's _Economist_ (p 60) reports that Georgia moved its clocks forward 798 # an hour recently, due to a law proposed by Zurab Murvanidze, 799 # an MP who went on a hunger strike for 11 days to force discussion about it! 800 # We have no details, but we'll guess they didn't move the clocks back in fall. 801 # 802 # From Mathew Englander, quoting AP (1996-10-23 13:05-04): 803 # Instead of putting back clocks at the end of October, Georgia 804 # will stay on daylight savings time this winter to save energy, 805 # President Eduard Shevardnadze decreed Wednesday. 806 # 807 # From the BBC via Joseph S. Myers (2004-06-27): 808 # 809 # Georgia moved closer to Western Europe on Sunday... The former Soviet 810 # republic has changed its time zone back to that of Moscow. As a result it 811 # is now just four hours ahead of Greenwich Mean Time, rather than five hours 812 # ahead. The switch was decreed by the pro-Western president of Georgia, 813 # Mikheil Saakashvili, who said the change was partly prompted by the process 814 # of integration into Europe. 815 816 # From Teimuraz Abashidze (2005-11-07): 817 # Government of Georgia ... decided to NOT CHANGE daylight savings time on 818 # [Oct.] 30, as it was done before during last more than 10 years. 819 # Currently, we are in fact GMT +4:00, as before 30 October it was GMT 820 # +3:00.... The problem is, there is NO FORMAL LAW or governmental document 821 # about it. As far as I can find, I was told, that there is no document, 822 # because we just DIDN'T ISSUE document about switching to winter time.... 823 # I don't know what can be done, especially knowing that some years ago our 824 # DST rules where changed THREE TIMES during one month. 825 826 # Milne says Tbilisi (Tiflis) time was 2:59:05.7; round to nearest.) 827 828 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 829 Zone Asia/Tbilisi 2:59:06 - LMT 1880 830 2:59:06 - TBMT 1924 May 2 # Tbilisi Mean Time 831 3:00 - TBIT 1957 Mar # Tbilisi Time 832 4:00 RussiaAsia TBI%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 833 3:00 1:00 TBIST 1991 Apr 9 # independence 834 3:00 RussiaAsia GE%sT 1992 # Georgia Time 835 3:00 E-EurAsia GE%sT 1994 Sep lastSun 836 4:00 E-EurAsia GE%sT 1996 Oct lastSun 837 4:00 1:00 GEST 1997 Mar lastSun 838 4:00 E-EurAsia GE%sT 2004 Jun 27 839 3:00 RussiaAsia GE%sT 2005 Mar lastSun 2:00 840 4:00 - GET 841 842 # East Timor 843 844 # See Indonesia for the 1945 transition. 845 846 # From Joo Carrascalo, brother of the former governor of East Timor, in 847 # East Timor may be late for its millennium 848 # <http://etan.org/et99c/december/26-31/30ETMAY.htm> (1999-12-26/31): 849 # Portugal tried to change the time forward in 1974 because the sun 850 # rises too early but the suggestion raised a lot of problems with the 851 # Timorese and I still don't think it would work today because it 852 # conflicts with their way of life. 853 854 # From Paul Eggert (2000-12-04): 855 # We don't have any record of the above attempt. 856 # Most likely our records are incomplete, but we have no better data. 857 858 # From Manoel de Almeida e Silva, Deputy Spokesman for the UN Secretary-General 859 # http://www.hri.org/news/world/undh/2000/00-08-16.undh.html 860 # (2000-08-16): 861 # The Cabinet of the East Timor Transition Administration decided 862 # today to advance East Timor's time by one hour. The time change, 863 # which will be permanent, with no seasonal adjustment, will happen at 864 # midnight on Saturday, September 16. 865 866 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 867 Zone Asia/Dili 8:22:20 - LMT 1912 868 8:00 - TLT 1942 Feb 21 23:00 # E Timor Time 869 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 23 870 9:00 - TLT 1976 May 3 871 8:00 - WITA 2000 Sep 17 00:00 872 9:00 - TLT 873 874 # India 875 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 876 Zone Asia/Kolkata 5:53:28 - LMT 1880 # Kolkata 877 5:53:20 - HMT 1941 Oct # Howrah Mean Time? 878 6:30 - BURT 1942 May 15 # Burma Time 879 5:30 - IST 1942 Sep 880 5:30 1:00 IST 1945 Oct 15 881 5:30 - IST 882 # The following are like Asia/Kolkata: 883 # Andaman Is 884 # Lakshadweep (Laccadive, Minicoy and Amindivi Is) 885 # Nicobar Is 886 887 # Indonesia 888 # 889 # From Gwillim Law (2001-05-28), overriding Shanks & Pottenger: 890 # <http://www.sumatera-inc.com/go_to_invest/about_indonesia.asp#standtime> 891 # says that Indonesia's time zones changed on 1988-01-01. Looking at some 892 # time zone maps, I think that must refer to Western Borneo (Kalimantan Barat 893 # and Kalimantan Tengah) switching from UTC+8 to UTC+7. 894 # 895 # From Paul Eggert (2007-03-10): 896 # Here is another correction to Shanks & Pottenger. 897 # JohnTWB writes that Japanese forces did not surrender control in 898 # Indonesia until 1945-09-01 00:00 at the earliest (in Jakarta) and 899 # other formal surrender ceremonies were September 9, 11, and 13, plus 900 # September 12 for the regional surrender to Mountbatten in Singapore. 901 # These would be the earliest possible times for a change. 902 # Rgimes horaires pour le monde entier, by Henri Le Corre, (ditions 903 # Traditionnelles, 1987, Paris) says that Java and Madura switched 904 # from JST to UTC+07:30 on 1945-09-23, and gives 1944-09-01 for Jayapura 905 # (Hollandia). For now, assume all Indonesian locations other than Jayapura 906 # switched on 1945-09-23. 907 # 908 # From Paul Eggert (2013-08-11): 909 # Normally the tz database uses English-language abbreviations, but in 910 # Indonesia it's typical to use Indonesian-language abbreviations even 911 # when writing in English. For example, see the English-language 912 # summary published by the Time and Frequency Laboratory of the 913 # Research Center for Calibration, Instrumentation and Metrology, 914 # Indonesia, <http://time.kim.lipi.go.id/time-eng.php> (2006-09-29). 915 # The abbreviations are: 916 # 917 # WIB - UTC+7 - Waktu Indonesia Barat (Indonesia western time) 918 # WITA - UTC+8 - Waktu Indonesia Tengah (Indonesia central time) 919 # WIT - UTC+9 - Waktu Indonesia Timur (Indonesia eastern time) 920 # 921 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 922 # Java, Sumatra 923 Zone Asia/Jakarta 7:07:12 - LMT 1867 Aug 10 924 # Shanks & Pottenger say the next transition was at 1924 Jan 1 0:13, 925 # but this must be a typo. 926 7:07:12 - BMT 1923 Dec 31 23:47:12 # Batavia 927 7:20 - JAVT 1932 Nov # Java Time 928 7:30 - WIB 1942 Mar 23 929 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 23 930 7:30 - WIB 1948 May 931 8:00 - WIB 1950 May 932 7:30 - WIB 1964 933 7:00 - WIB 934 # west and central Borneo 935 Zone Asia/Pontianak 7:17:20 - LMT 1908 May 936 7:17:20 - PMT 1932 Nov # Pontianak MT 937 7:30 - WIB 1942 Jan 29 938 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 23 939 7:30 - WIB 1948 May 940 8:00 - WIB 1950 May 941 7:30 - WIB 1964 942 8:00 - WITA 1988 Jan 1 943 7:00 - WIB 944 # Sulawesi, Lesser Sundas, east and south Borneo 945 Zone Asia/Makassar 7:57:36 - LMT 1920 946 7:57:36 - MMT 1932 Nov # Macassar MT 947 8:00 - WITA 1942 Feb 9 948 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 23 949 8:00 - WITA 950 # Maluku Islands, West Papua, Papua 951 Zone Asia/Jayapura 9:22:48 - LMT 1932 Nov 952 9:00 - WIT 1944 Sep 1 953 9:30 - ACST 1964 954 9:00 - WIT 955 956 # Iran 957 958 # From Roozbeh Pournader (2003-03-15): 959 # This is an English translation of what I just found (originally in Persian). 960 # The Gregorian dates in brackets are mine: 961 # 962 # Official Newspaper No. 13548-1370/6/25 [1991-09-16] 963 # No. 16760/T233 H 1370/6/10 [1991-09-01] 964 # 965 # The Rule About Change of the Official Time of the Country 966 # 967 # The Board of Ministers, in the meeting dated 1370/5/23 [1991-08-14], 968 # based on the suggestion number 2221/D dated 1370/4/22 [1991-07-13] 969 # of the Country's Organization for Official and Employment Affairs, 970 # and referring to the law for equating the working hours of workers 971 # and officers in the whole country dated 1359/4/23 [1980-07-14], and 972 # for synchronizing the official times of the country, agreed that: 973 # 974 # The official time of the country will should move forward one hour 975 # at the 24[:00] hours of the first day of Farvardin and should return 976 # to its previous state at the 24[:00] hours of the 30th day of 977 # Shahrivar. 978 # 979 # First Deputy to the President - Hassan Habibi 980 # 981 # From personal experience, that agrees with what has been followed 982 # for at least the last 5 years. Before that, for a few years, the 983 # date used was the first Thursday night of Farvardin and the last 984 # Thursday night of Shahrivar, but I can't give exact dates.... 985 # I have also changed the abbreviations to what is considered correct 986 # here in Iran, IRST for regular time and IRDT for daylight saving time. 987 # 988 # From Roozbeh Pournader (2005-04-05): 989 # The text of the Iranian law, in effect since 1925, clearly mentions 990 # that the true solar year is the measure, and there is no arithmetic 991 # leap year calculation involved. There has never been any serious 992 # plan to change that law.... 993 # 994 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 995 # Go with Shanks & Pottenger before Sept. 1991, and with Pournader thereafter. 996 # I used Ed Reingold's cal-persia in GNU Emacs 21.2 to check Persian dates, 997 # stopping after 2037 when 32-bit time_t's overflow. 998 # That cal-persia used Birashk's approximation, which disagrees with the solar 999 # calendar predictions for the year 2025, so I corrected those dates by hand. 1000 # 1001 # From Oscar van Vlijmen (2005-03-30), writing about future 1002 # discrepancies between cal-persia and the Iranian calendar: 1003 # For 2091 solar-longitude-after yields 2091-03-20 08:40:07.7 UT for 1004 # the vernal equinox and that gets so close to 12:00 some local 1005 # Iranian time that the definition of the correct location needs to be 1006 # known exactly, amongst other factors. 2157 is even closer: 1007 # 2157-03-20 08:37:15.5 UT. But the Gregorian year 2025 should give 1008 # no interpretation problem whatsoever. By the way, another instant 1009 # in the near future where there will be a discrepancy between 1010 # arithmetical and astronomical Iranian calendars will be in 2058: 1011 # vernal equinox on 2058-03-20 09:03:05.9 UT. The Java version of 1012 # Reingold's/Dershowitz' calculator gives correctly the Gregorian date 1013 # 2058-03-21 for 1 Farvardin 1437 (astronomical). 1014 # 1015 # From Steffen Thorsen (2006-03-22): 1016 # Several of my users have reported that Iran will not observe DST anymore: 1017 # http://www.irna.ir/en/news/view/line-17/0603193812164948.htm 1018 # 1019 # From Reuters (2007-09-16), with a heads-up from Jesper Nrgaard Welen: 1020 # ... the Guardian Council ... approved a law on Sunday to re-introduce 1021 # daylight saving time ... 1022 # http://uk.reuters.com/article/oilRpt/idUKBLA65048420070916 1023 # 1024 # From Roozbeh Pournader (2007-11-05): 1025 # This is quoted from Official Gazette of the Islamic Republic of 1026 # Iran, Volume 63, Number 18242, dated Tuesday 1386/6/24 1027 # [2007-10-16]. I am doing the best translation I can:... 1028 # The official time of the country will be moved forward for one hour 1029 # on the 24 hours of the first day of the month of Farvardin and will 1030 # be changed back to its previous state on the 24 hours of the 1031 # thirtieth day of Shahrivar. 1032 # 1033 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1034 Rule Iran 1978 1980 - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D 1035 Rule Iran 1978 only - Oct 21 0:00 0 S 1036 Rule Iran 1979 only - Sep 19 0:00 0 S 1037 Rule Iran 1980 only - Sep 23 0:00 0 S 1038 Rule Iran 1991 only - May 3 0:00 1:00 D 1039 Rule Iran 1992 1995 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D 1040 Rule Iran 1991 1995 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S 1041 Rule Iran 1996 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D 1042 Rule Iran 1996 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S 1043 Rule Iran 1997 1999 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D 1044 Rule Iran 1997 1999 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S 1045 Rule Iran 2000 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D 1046 Rule Iran 2000 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S 1047 Rule Iran 2001 2003 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D 1048 Rule Iran 2001 2003 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S 1049 Rule Iran 2004 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D 1050 Rule Iran 2004 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S 1051 Rule Iran 2005 only - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D 1052 Rule Iran 2005 only - Sep 22 0:00 0 S 1053 Rule Iran 2008 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D 1054 Rule Iran 2008 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S 1055 Rule Iran 2009 2011 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D 1056 Rule Iran 2009 2011 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S 1057 Rule Iran 2012 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D 1058 Rule Iran 2012 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S 1059 Rule Iran 2013 2015 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D 1060 Rule Iran 2013 2015 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S 1061 Rule Iran 2016 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D 1062 Rule Iran 2016 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S 1063 Rule Iran 2017 2019 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D 1064 Rule Iran 2017 2019 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S 1065 Rule Iran 2020 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D 1066 Rule Iran 2020 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S 1067 Rule Iran 2021 2023 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D 1068 Rule Iran 2021 2023 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S 1069 Rule Iran 2024 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D 1070 Rule Iran 2024 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S 1071 Rule Iran 2025 2027 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D 1072 Rule Iran 2025 2027 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S 1073 Rule Iran 2028 2029 - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D 1074 Rule Iran 2028 2029 - Sep 21 0:00 0 S 1075 Rule Iran 2030 2031 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D 1076 Rule Iran 2030 2031 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S 1077 Rule Iran 2032 2033 - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D 1078 Rule Iran 2032 2033 - Sep 21 0:00 0 S 1079 Rule Iran 2034 2035 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D 1080 Rule Iran 2034 2035 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S 1081 Rule Iran 2036 2037 - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D 1082 Rule Iran 2036 2037 - Sep 21 0:00 0 S 1083 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1084 Zone Asia/Tehran 3:25:44 - LMT 1916 1085 3:25:44 - TMT 1946 # Tehran Mean Time 1086 3:30 - IRST 1977 Nov 1087 4:00 Iran IR%sT 1979 1088 3:30 Iran IR%sT 1089 1090 1091 # Iraq 1092 # 1093 # From Jonathan Lennox (2000-06-12): 1094 # An article in this week's Economist ("Inside the Saddam-free zone", p. 50 in 1095 # the U.S. edition) on the Iraqi Kurds contains a paragraph: 1096 # "The three northern provinces ... switched their clocks this spring and 1097 # are an hour ahead of Baghdad." 1098 # 1099 # But Rives McDow (2000-06-18) quotes a contact in Iraqi-Kurdistan as follows: 1100 # In the past, some Kurdish nationalists, as a protest to the Iraqi 1101 # Government, did not adhere to daylight saving time. They referred 1102 # to daylight saving as Saddam time. But, as of today, the time zone 1103 # in Iraqi-Kurdistan is on standard time with Baghdad, Iraq. 1104 # 1105 # So we'll ignore the Economist's claim. 1106 1107 # From Steffen Thorsen (2008-03-10): 1108 # The cabinet in Iraq abolished DST last week, according to the following 1109 # news sources (in Arabic): 1110 # http://www.aljeeran.net/wesima_articles/news-20080305-98602.html 1111 # http://www.aswataliraq.info/look/article.tpl?id=2047&IdLanguage=17&IdPublication=4&NrArticle=71743&NrIssue=1&NrSection=10 1112 # 1113 # We have published a short article in English about the change: 1114 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/iraq-dumps-daylight-saving.html 1115 1116 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1117 Rule Iraq 1982 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 D 1118 Rule Iraq 1982 1984 - Oct 1 0:00 0 S 1119 Rule Iraq 1983 only - Mar 31 0:00 1:00 D 1120 Rule Iraq 1984 1985 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D 1121 Rule Iraq 1985 1990 - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 S 1122 Rule Iraq 1986 1990 - Mar lastSun 1:00s 1:00 D 1123 # IATA SSIM (1991/1996) says Apr 1 12:01am UTC; guess the ':01' is a typo. 1124 # Shanks & Pottenger say Iraq did not observe DST 1992/1997; ignore this. 1125 # 1126 Rule Iraq 1991 2007 - Apr 1 3:00s 1:00 D 1127 Rule Iraq 1991 2007 - Oct 1 3:00s 0 S 1128 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1129 Zone Asia/Baghdad 2:57:40 - LMT 1890 1130 2:57:36 - BMT 1918 # Baghdad Mean Time? 1131 3:00 - AST 1982 May 1132 3:00 Iraq A%sT 1133 1134 1135 ############################################################################### 1136 1137 # Israel 1138 1139 # From Ephraim Silverberg (2001-01-11): 1140 # 1141 # I coined "IST/IDT" circa 1988. Until then there were three 1142 # different abbreviations in use: 1143 # 1144 # JST Jerusalem Standard Time [Danny Braniss, Hebrew University] 1145 # IZT Israel Zonal (sic) Time [Prof. Haim Papo, Technion] 1146 # EEST Eastern Europe Standard Time [used by almost everyone else] 1147 # 1148 # Since timezones should be called by country and not capital cities, 1149 # I ruled out JST. As Israel is in Asia Minor and not Eastern Europe, 1150 # EEST was equally unacceptable. Since "zonal" was not compatible with 1151 # any other timezone abbreviation, I felt that 'IST' was the way to go 1152 # and, indeed, it has received almost universal acceptance in timezone 1153 # settings in Israeli computers. 1154 # 1155 # In any case, I am happy to share timezone abbreviations with India, 1156 # high on my favorite-country list (and not only because my wife's 1157 # family is from India). 1158 1159 # From Shanks & Pottenger: 1160 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1161 Rule Zion 1940 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 D 1162 Rule Zion 1942 1944 - Nov 1 0:00 0 S 1163 Rule Zion 1943 only - Apr 1 2:00 1:00 D 1164 Rule Zion 1944 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D 1165 Rule Zion 1945 only - Apr 16 0:00 1:00 D 1166 Rule Zion 1945 only - Nov 1 2:00 0 S 1167 Rule Zion 1946 only - Apr 16 2:00 1:00 D 1168 Rule Zion 1946 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 S 1169 Rule Zion 1948 only - May 23 0:00 2:00 DD 1170 Rule Zion 1948 only - Sep 1 0:00 1:00 D 1171 Rule Zion 1948 1949 - Nov 1 2:00 0 S 1172 Rule Zion 1949 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 D 1173 Rule Zion 1950 only - Apr 16 0:00 1:00 D 1174 Rule Zion 1950 only - Sep 15 3:00 0 S 1175 Rule Zion 1951 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D 1176 Rule Zion 1951 only - Nov 11 3:00 0 S 1177 Rule Zion 1952 only - Apr 20 2:00 1:00 D 1178 Rule Zion 1952 only - Oct 19 3:00 0 S 1179 Rule Zion 1953 only - Apr 12 2:00 1:00 D 1180 Rule Zion 1953 only - Sep 13 3:00 0 S 1181 Rule Zion 1954 only - Jun 13 0:00 1:00 D 1182 Rule Zion 1954 only - Sep 12 0:00 0 S 1183 Rule Zion 1955 only - Jun 11 2:00 1:00 D 1184 Rule Zion 1955 only - Sep 11 0:00 0 S 1185 Rule Zion 1956 only - Jun 3 0:00 1:00 D 1186 Rule Zion 1956 only - Sep 30 3:00 0 S 1187 Rule Zion 1957 only - Apr 29 2:00 1:00 D 1188 Rule Zion 1957 only - Sep 22 0:00 0 S 1189 Rule Zion 1974 only - Jul 7 0:00 1:00 D 1190 Rule Zion 1974 only - Oct 13 0:00 0 S 1191 Rule Zion 1975 only - Apr 20 0:00 1:00 D 1192 Rule Zion 1975 only - Aug 31 0:00 0 S 1193 Rule Zion 1985 only - Apr 14 0:00 1:00 D 1194 Rule Zion 1985 only - Sep 15 0:00 0 S 1195 Rule Zion 1986 only - May 18 0:00 1:00 D 1196 Rule Zion 1986 only - Sep 7 0:00 0 S 1197 Rule Zion 1987 only - Apr 15 0:00 1:00 D 1198 Rule Zion 1987 only - Sep 13 0:00 0 S 1199 1200 # From Avigdor Finkelstein (2014-03-05): 1201 # I check the Parliament (Knesset) records and there it's stated that the 1202 # [1988] transition should take place on Saturday night, when the Sabbath 1203 # ends and changes to Sunday. 1204 Rule Zion 1988 only - Apr 10 0:00 1:00 D 1205 Rule Zion 1988 only - Sep 4 0:00 0 S 1206 1207 # From Ephraim Silverberg 1208 # (1997-03-04, 1998-03-16, 1998-12-28, 2000-01-17, 2000-07-25, 2004-12-22, 1209 # and 2005-02-17): 1210 1211 # According to the Office of the Secretary General of the Ministry of 1212 # Interior, there is NO set rule for Daylight-Savings/Standard time changes. 1213 # One thing is entrenched in law, however: that there must be at least 150 1214 # days of daylight savings time annually. From 1993-1998, the change to 1215 # daylight savings time was on a Friday morning from midnight IST to 1216 # 1 a.m IDT; up until 1998, the change back to standard time was on a 1217 # Saturday night from midnight daylight savings time to 11 p.m. standard 1218 # time. 1996 is an exception to this rule where the change back to standard 1219 # time took place on Sunday night instead of Saturday night to avoid 1220 # conflicts with the Jewish New Year. In 1999, the change to 1221 # daylight savings time was still on a Friday morning but from 1222 # 2 a.m. IST to 3 a.m. IDT; furthermore, the change back to standard time 1223 # was also on a Friday morning from 2 a.m. IDT to 1 a.m. IST for 1224 # 1999 only. In the year 2000, the change to daylight savings time was 1225 # similar to 1999, but although the change back will be on a Friday, it 1226 # will take place from 1 a.m. IDT to midnight IST. Starting in 2001, all 1227 # changes to/from will take place at 1 a.m. old time, but now there is no 1228 # rule as to what day of the week it will take place in as the start date 1229 # (except in 2003) is the night after the Passover Seder (i.e. the eve 1230 # of the 16th of Nisan in the lunar Hebrew calendar) and the end date 1231 # (except in 2002) is three nights before Yom Kippur [Day of Atonement] 1232 # (the eve of the 7th of Tishrei in the lunar Hebrew calendar). 1233 1234 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1235 Rule Zion 1989 only - Apr 30 0:00 1:00 D 1236 Rule Zion 1989 only - Sep 3 0:00 0 S 1237 Rule Zion 1990 only - Mar 25 0:00 1:00 D 1238 Rule Zion 1990 only - Aug 26 0:00 0 S 1239 Rule Zion 1991 only - Mar 24 0:00 1:00 D 1240 Rule Zion 1991 only - Sep 1 0:00 0 S 1241 Rule Zion 1992 only - Mar 29 0:00 1:00 D 1242 Rule Zion 1992 only - Sep 6 0:00 0 S 1243 Rule Zion 1993 only - Apr 2 0:00 1:00 D 1244 Rule Zion 1993 only - Sep 5 0:00 0 S 1245 1246 # The dates for 1994-1995 were obtained from Office of the Spokeswoman for the 1247 # Ministry of Interior, Jerusalem, Israel. The spokeswoman can be reached by 1248 # calling the office directly at 972-2-6701447 or 972-2-6701448. 1249 1250 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1251 Rule Zion 1994 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D 1252 Rule Zion 1994 only - Aug 28 0:00 0 S 1253 Rule Zion 1995 only - Mar 31 0:00 1:00 D 1254 Rule Zion 1995 only - Sep 3 0:00 0 S 1255 1256 # The dates for 1996 were determined by the Minister of Interior of the 1257 # time, Haim Ramon. The official announcement regarding 1996-1998 1258 # (with the dates for 1997-1998 no longer being relevant) can be viewed at: 1259 # 1260 # ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements/1996-1998.ramon.ps.gz 1261 # 1262 # The dates for 1997-1998 were altered by his successor, Rabbi Eli Suissa. 1263 # 1264 # The official announcements for the years 1997-1999 can be viewed at: 1265 # 1266 # ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements/YYYY.ps.gz 1267 # 1268 # where YYYY is the relevant year. 1269 1270 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1271 Rule Zion 1996 only - Mar 15 0:00 1:00 D 1272 Rule Zion 1996 only - Sep 16 0:00 0 S 1273 Rule Zion 1997 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D 1274 Rule Zion 1997 only - Sep 14 0:00 0 S 1275 Rule Zion 1998 only - Mar 20 0:00 1:00 D 1276 Rule Zion 1998 only - Sep 6 0:00 0 S 1277 Rule Zion 1999 only - Apr 2 2:00 1:00 D 1278 Rule Zion 1999 only - Sep 3 2:00 0 S 1279 1280 # The Knesset Interior Committee has changed the dates for 2000 for 1281 # the third time in just over a year and have set new dates for the 1282 # years 2001-2004 as well. 1283 # 1284 # The official announcement for the start date of 2000 can be viewed at: 1285 # 1286 # ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements/2000-start.ps.gz 1287 # 1288 # The official announcement for the end date of 2000 and the dates 1289 # for the years 2001-2004 can be viewed at: 1290 # 1291 # ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements/2000-2004.ps.gz 1292 1293 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1294 Rule Zion 2000 only - Apr 14 2:00 1:00 D 1295 Rule Zion 2000 only - Oct 6 1:00 0 S 1296 Rule Zion 2001 only - Apr 9 1:00 1:00 D 1297 Rule Zion 2001 only - Sep 24 1:00 0 S 1298 Rule Zion 2002 only - Mar 29 1:00 1:00 D 1299 Rule Zion 2002 only - Oct 7 1:00 0 S 1300 Rule Zion 2003 only - Mar 28 1:00 1:00 D 1301 Rule Zion 2003 only - Oct 3 1:00 0 S 1302 Rule Zion 2004 only - Apr 7 1:00 1:00 D 1303 Rule Zion 2004 only - Sep 22 1:00 0 S 1304 1305 # The proposed law agreed upon by the Knesset Interior Committee on 1306 # 2005-02-14 is that, for 2005 and beyond, DST starts at 02:00 the 1307 # last Friday before April 2nd (i.e. the last Friday in March or April 1308 # 1st itself if it falls on a Friday) and ends at 02:00 on the Saturday 1309 # night _before_ the fast of Yom Kippur. 1310 # 1311 # Those who can read Hebrew can view the announcement at: 1312 # 1313 # ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements/2005+beyond.ps 1314 1315 # From Paul Eggert (2012-10-26): 1316 # I used Ephraim Silverberg's dst-israel.el program 1317 # <ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/software/dst-israel.el> (2005-02-20) 1318 # along with Ed Reingold's cal-hebrew in GNU Emacs 21.4, 1319 # to generate the transitions from 2005 through 2012. 1320 # (I replaced "lastFri" with "Fri>=26" by hand.) 1321 # The spring transitions all correspond to the following Rule: 1322 # 1323 # Rule Zion 2005 2012 - Mar Fri>=26 2:00 1:00 D 1324 # 1325 # but older zic implementations (e.g., Solaris 8) do not support 1326 # "Fri>=26" to mean April 1 in years like 2005, so for now we list the 1327 # springtime transitions explicitly. 1328 1329 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1330 Rule Zion 2005 only - Apr 1 2:00 1:00 D 1331 Rule Zion 2005 only - Oct 9 2:00 0 S 1332 Rule Zion 2006 2010 - Mar Fri>=26 2:00 1:00 D 1333 Rule Zion 2006 only - Oct 1 2:00 0 S 1334 Rule Zion 2007 only - Sep 16 2:00 0 S 1335 Rule Zion 2008 only - Oct 5 2:00 0 S 1336 Rule Zion 2009 only - Sep 27 2:00 0 S 1337 Rule Zion 2010 only - Sep 12 2:00 0 S 1338 Rule Zion 2011 only - Apr 1 2:00 1:00 D 1339 Rule Zion 2011 only - Oct 2 2:00 0 S 1340 Rule Zion 2012 only - Mar Fri>=26 2:00 1:00 D 1341 Rule Zion 2012 only - Sep 23 2:00 0 S 1342 1343 # From Ephraim Silverberg (2013-06-27): 1344 # On June 23, 2013, the Israeli government approved changes to the 1345 # Time Decree Law. The next day, the changes passed the First Reading 1346 # in the Knesset. The law is expected to pass the Second and Third 1347 # (final) Readings by the beginning of September 2013. 1348 # 1349 # As of 2013, DST starts at 02:00 on the Friday before the last Sunday 1350 # in March. DST ends at 02:00 on the last Sunday of October. 1351 1352 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1353 Rule Zion 2013 max - Mar Fri>=23 2:00 1:00 D 1354 Rule Zion 2013 max - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S 1355 1356 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1357 Zone Asia/Jerusalem 2:20:54 - LMT 1880 1358 2:20:40 - JMT 1918 # Jerusalem Mean Time? 1359 2:00 Zion I%sT 1360 1361 1362 1363 ############################################################################### 1364 1365 # Japan 1366 1367 # '9:00' and 'JST' is from Guy Harris. 1368 1369 # From Paul Eggert (1995-03-06): 1370 # Today's _Asahi Evening News_ (page 4) reports that Japan had 1371 # daylight saving between 1948 and 1951, but "the system was discontinued 1372 # because the public believed it would lead to longer working hours." 1373 1374 # From Mayumi Negishi in the 2005-08-10 Japan Times 1375 # <http://www.japantimes.co.jp/cgi-bin/getarticle.pl5?nn20050810f2.htm>: 1376 # Occupation authorities imposed daylight-saving time on Japan on 1377 # [1948-05-01].... But lack of prior debate and the execution of 1378 # daylight-saving time just three days after the bill was passed generated 1379 # deep hatred of the concept.... The Diet unceremoniously passed a bill to 1380 # dump the unpopular system in October 1951, less than a month after the San 1381 # Francisco Peace Treaty was signed. (A government poll in 1951 showed 53% 1382 # of the Japanese wanted to scrap daylight-saving time, as opposed to 30% who 1383 # wanted to keep it.) 1384 1385 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 1386 # Shanks & Pottenger write that DST in Japan during those years was as follows: 1387 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1388 Rule Japan 1948 only - May Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D 1389 Rule Japan 1948 1951 - Sep Sat>=8 2:00 0 S 1390 Rule Japan 1949 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D 1391 Rule Japan 1950 1951 - May Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D 1392 # but the only locations using it (for birth certificates, presumably, since 1393 # their audience is astrologers) were US military bases. For now, assume 1394 # that for most purposes daylight-saving time was observed; otherwise, what 1395 # would have been the point of the 1951 poll? 1396 1397 # From Hideyuki Suzuki (1998-11-09): 1398 # 'Tokyo' usually stands for the former location of Tokyo Astronomical 1399 # Observatory: 139 degrees 44' 40.90" E (9h 18m 58.727s), 35 degrees 39' 16.0" N. 1400 # This data is from 'Rika Nenpyou (Chronological Scientific Tables) 1996' 1401 # edited by National Astronomical Observatory of Japan.... 1402 # JST (Japan Standard Time) has been used since 1888-01-01 00:00 (JST). 1403 # The law is enacted on 1886-07-07. 1404 1405 # From Hideyuki Suzuki (1998-11-16): 1406 # The ordinance No. 51 (1886) established "standard time" in Japan, 1407 # which stands for the time on 135 degrees E. 1408 # In the ordinance No. 167 (1895), "standard time" was renamed to "central 1409 # standard time". And the same ordinance also established "western standard 1410 # time", which stands for the time on 120 degrees E.... But "western standard 1411 # time" was abolished in the ordinance No. 529 (1937). In the ordinance No. 1412 # 167, there is no mention regarding for what place western standard time is 1413 # standard.... 1414 # 1415 # I wrote "ordinance" above, but I don't know how to translate. 1416 # In Japanese it's "chokurei", which means ordinance from emperor. 1417 1418 # From Yu-Cheng Chuang (2013-07-12): 1419 # ...the Meiji Emperor announced Ordinance No. 167 of Meiji Year 28 "The clause 1420 # about standard time" ... The adoption began from Jan 1, 1896. 1421 # http://ja.wikisource.org/wiki/_() 1422 # 1423 # ...the Showa Emperor announced Ordinance No. 529 of Showa Year 12 ... which 1424 # means the whole Japan territory, including later occupations, adopt Japan 1425 # Central Time (UTC+9). The adoption began on Oct 1, 1937. 1426 # http://ja.wikisource.org/wiki/ 1427 1428 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1429 Zone Asia/Tokyo 9:18:59 - LMT 1887 Dec 31 15:00u 1430 9:00 - JST 1896 Jan 1 1431 9:00 - JCST 1937 Oct 1 1432 9:00 Japan J%sT 1433 # Since 1938, all Japanese possessions have been like Asia/Tokyo. 1434 1435 # Jordan 1436 # 1437 # From <http://star.arabia.com/990701/JO9.html> 1438 # Jordan Week (1999-07-01) via Steffen Thorsen (1999-09-09): 1439 # Clocks in Jordan were forwarded one hour on Wednesday at midnight, 1440 # in accordance with the government's decision to implement summer time 1441 # all year round. 1442 # 1443 # From <http://star.arabia.com/990930/JO9.html> 1444 # Jordan Week (1999-09-30) via Steffen Thorsen (1999-11-09): 1445 # Winter time starts today Thursday, 30 September. Clocks will be turned back 1446 # by one hour. This is the latest government decision and it's final! 1447 # The decision was taken because of the increase in working hours in 1448 # government's departments from six to seven hours. 1449 # 1450 # From Paul Eggert (2005-11-22): 1451 # Starting 2003 transitions are from Steffen Thorsen's web site timeanddate.com. 1452 # 1453 # From Steffen Thorsen (2005-11-23): 1454 # For Jordan I have received multiple independent user reports every year 1455 # about DST end dates, as the end-rule is different every year. 1456 # 1457 # From Steffen Thorsen (2006-10-01), after a heads-up from Hilal Malawi: 1458 # http://www.petranews.gov.jo/nepras/2006/Sep/05/4000.htm 1459 # "Jordan will switch to winter time on Friday, October 27". 1460 # 1461 1462 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-04-02): 1463 # This single one might be good enough, (2009-03-24, Arabic): 1464 # http://petra.gov.jo/Artical.aspx?Lng=2&Section=8&Artical=95279 1465 # 1466 # Google's translation: 1467 # 1468 # > The Council of Ministers decided in 2002 to adopt the principle of timely 1469 # > submission of the summer at 60 minutes as of midnight on the last Thursday 1470 # > of the month of March of each year. 1471 # 1472 # So - this means the midnight between Thursday and Friday since 2002. 1473 1474 # From Arthur David Olson (2009-04-06): 1475 # We still have Jordan switching to DST on Thursdays in 2000 and 2001. 1476 1477 # From Steffen Thorsen (2012-10-25): 1478 # Yesterday the government in Jordan announced that they will not 1479 # switch back to standard time this winter, so the will stay on DST 1480 # until about the same time next year (at least). 1481 # http://www.petra.gov.jo/Public_News/Nws_NewsDetails.aspx?NewsID=88950 1482 1483 # From Steffen Thorsen (2013-12-11): 1484 # Jordan Times and other sources say that Jordan is going back to 1485 # UTC+2 on 2013-12-19 at midnight: 1486 # http://jordantimes.com/govt-decides-to-switch-back-to-wintertime 1487 # Official, in Arabic: 1488 # http://www.petra.gov.jo/public_news/Nws_NewsDetails.aspx?Menu_ID=&Site_Id=2&lang=1&NewsID=133230&CatID=14 1489 # ... Our background/permalink about it 1490 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/jordan-reverses-dst-decision.html 1491 # ... 1492 # http://www.petra.gov.jo/Public_News/Nws_NewsDetails.aspx?lang=2&site_id=1&NewsID=133313&Type=P 1493 # ... says midnight for the coming one and 1:00 for the ones in the future 1494 # (and they will use DST again next year, using the normal schedule). 1495 1496 # From Paul Eggert (2013-12-11): 1497 # As Steffen suggested, consider the past 21-month experiment to be DST. 1498 1499 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1500 Rule Jordan 1973 only - Jun 6 0:00 1:00 S 1501 Rule Jordan 1973 1975 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 1502 Rule Jordan 1974 1977 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S 1503 Rule Jordan 1976 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 - 1504 Rule Jordan 1977 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 1505 Rule Jordan 1978 only - Apr 30 0:00 1:00 S 1506 Rule Jordan 1978 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 - 1507 Rule Jordan 1985 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 1508 Rule Jordan 1985 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 1509 Rule Jordan 1986 1988 - Apr Fri>=1 0:00 1:00 S 1510 Rule Jordan 1986 1990 - Oct Fri>=1 0:00 0 - 1511 Rule Jordan 1989 only - May 8 0:00 1:00 S 1512 Rule Jordan 1990 only - Apr 27 0:00 1:00 S 1513 Rule Jordan 1991 only - Apr 17 0:00 1:00 S 1514 Rule Jordan 1991 only - Sep 27 0:00 0 - 1515 Rule Jordan 1992 only - Apr 10 0:00 1:00 S 1516 Rule Jordan 1992 1993 - Oct Fri>=1 0:00 0 - 1517 Rule Jordan 1993 1998 - Apr Fri>=1 0:00 1:00 S 1518 Rule Jordan 1994 only - Sep Fri>=15 0:00 0 - 1519 Rule Jordan 1995 1998 - Sep Fri>=15 0:00s 0 - 1520 Rule Jordan 1999 only - Jul 1 0:00s 1:00 S 1521 Rule Jordan 1999 2002 - Sep lastFri 0:00s 0 - 1522 Rule Jordan 2000 2001 - Mar lastThu 0:00s 1:00 S 1523 Rule Jordan 2002 2012 - Mar lastThu 24:00 1:00 S 1524 Rule Jordan 2003 only - Oct 24 0:00s 0 - 1525 Rule Jordan 2004 only - Oct 15 0:00s 0 - 1526 Rule Jordan 2005 only - Sep lastFri 0:00s 0 - 1527 Rule Jordan 2006 2011 - Oct lastFri 0:00s 0 - 1528 Rule Jordan 2013 only - Dec 20 0:00 0 - 1529 Rule Jordan 2014 max - Mar lastThu 24:00 1:00 S 1530 Rule Jordan 2014 max - Oct lastFri 0:00s 0 - 1531 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1532 Zone Asia/Amman 2:23:44 - LMT 1931 1533 2:00 Jordan EE%sT 1534 1535 1536 # Kazakhstan 1537 1538 # From Paul Eggert (1996-11-22): 1539 # Andrew Evtichov (1996-04-13) writes that Kazakhstan 1540 # stayed in sync with Moscow after 1990, and that Aqtobe (formerly Aktyubinsk) 1541 # and Aqtau (formerly Shevchenko) are the largest cities in their zones. 1542 # Guess that Aqtau and Aqtobe diverged in 1995, since that's the first time 1543 # IATA SSIM mentions a third time zone in Kazakhstan. 1544 1545 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 1546 # German Iofis, ELSI, Almaty (2001-10-09) reports that Kazakhstan uses 1547 # RussiaAsia rules, instead of switching at 00:00 as the IATA has it. 1548 # Go with Shanks & Pottenger, who have them always using RussiaAsia rules. 1549 # Also go with the following claims of Shanks & Pottenger: 1550 # 1551 # - Kazakhstan did not observe DST in 1991. 1552 # - Qyzylorda switched from +5:00 to +6:00 on 1992-01-19 02:00. 1553 # - Oral switched from +5:00 to +4:00 in spring 1989. 1554 1555 # From Kazakhstan Embassy's News Bulletin #11 1556 # <http://www.kazsociety.org.uk/news/2005/03/30.htm> (2005-03-21): 1557 # The Government of Kazakhstan passed a resolution March 15 abolishing 1558 # daylight saving time citing lack of economic benefits and health 1559 # complications coupled with a decrease in productivity. 1560 # 1561 # From Branislav Kojic (in Astana) via Gwillim Law (2005-06-28): 1562 # ... what happened was that the former Kazakhstan Eastern time zone 1563 # was "blended" with the Central zone. Therefore, Kazakhstan now has 1564 # two time zones, and difference between them is one hour. The zone 1565 # closer to UTC is the former Western zone (probably still called the 1566 # same), encompassing four provinces in the west: Aqtobe, Atyrau, 1567 # Mangghystau, and West Kazakhstan. The other zone encompasses 1568 # everything else.... I guess that would make Kazakhstan time zones 1569 # de jure UTC+5 and UTC+6 respectively. 1570 1571 # 1572 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1573 # 1574 # Almaty (formerly Alma-Ata), representing most locations in Kazakhstan 1575 Zone Asia/Almaty 5:07:48 - LMT 1924 May 2 # or Alma-Ata 1576 5:00 - ALMT 1930 Jun 21 # Alma-Ata Time 1577 6:00 RussiaAsia ALM%sT 1991 1578 6:00 - ALMT 1992 1579 6:00 RussiaAsia ALM%sT 2005 Mar 15 1580 6:00 - ALMT 1581 # Qyzylorda (aka Kyzylorda, Kizilorda, Kzyl-Orda, etc.) 1582 Zone Asia/Qyzylorda 4:21:52 - LMT 1924 May 2 1583 4:00 - KIZT 1930 Jun 21 # Kizilorda Time 1584 5:00 - KIZT 1981 Apr 1 1585 5:00 1:00 KIZST 1981 Oct 1 1586 6:00 - KIZT 1982 Apr 1 1587 5:00 RussiaAsia KIZ%sT 1991 1588 5:00 - KIZT 1991 Dec 16 # independence 1589 5:00 - QYZT 1992 Jan 19 2:00 1590 6:00 RussiaAsia QYZ%sT 2005 Mar 15 1591 6:00 - QYZT 1592 # Aqtobe (aka Aktobe, formerly Akt'ubinsk) 1593 Zone Asia/Aqtobe 3:48:40 - LMT 1924 May 2 1594 4:00 - AKTT 1930 Jun 21 # Aktyubinsk Time 1595 5:00 - AKTT 1981 Apr 1 1596 5:00 1:00 AKTST 1981 Oct 1 1597 6:00 - AKTT 1982 Apr 1 1598 5:00 RussiaAsia AKT%sT 1991 1599 5:00 - AKTT 1991 Dec 16 # independence 1600 5:00 RussiaAsia AQT%sT 2005 Mar 15 # Aqtobe Time 1601 5:00 - AQTT 1602 # Mangghystau 1603 # Aqtau was not founded until 1963, but it represents an inhabited region, 1604 # so include time stamps before 1963. 1605 Zone Asia/Aqtau 3:21:04 - LMT 1924 May 2 1606 4:00 - FORT 1930 Jun 21 # Fort Shevchenko T 1607 5:00 - FORT 1963 1608 5:00 - SHET 1981 Oct 1 # Shevchenko Time 1609 6:00 - SHET 1982 Apr 1 1610 5:00 RussiaAsia SHE%sT 1991 1611 5:00 - SHET 1991 Dec 16 # independence 1612 5:00 RussiaAsia AQT%sT 1995 Mar lastSun 2:00 # Aqtau Time 1613 4:00 RussiaAsia AQT%sT 2005 Mar 15 1614 5:00 - AQTT 1615 # West Kazakhstan 1616 Zone Asia/Oral 3:25:24 - LMT 1924 May 2 # or Ural'sk 1617 4:00 - URAT 1930 Jun 21 # Ural'sk time 1618 5:00 - URAT 1981 Apr 1 1619 5:00 1:00 URAST 1981 Oct 1 1620 6:00 - URAT 1982 Apr 1 1621 5:00 RussiaAsia URA%sT 1989 Mar 26 2:00 1622 4:00 RussiaAsia URA%sT 1991 1623 4:00 - URAT 1991 Dec 16 # independence 1624 4:00 RussiaAsia ORA%sT 2005 Mar 15 # Oral Time 1625 5:00 - ORAT 1626 1627 # Kyrgyzstan (Kirgizstan) 1628 # Transitions through 1991 are from Shanks & Pottenger. 1629 1630 # From Paul Eggert (2005-08-15): 1631 # According to an article dated today in the Kyrgyzstan Development Gateway 1632 # <http://eng.gateway.kg/cgi-bin/page.pl?id=1&story_name=doc9979.shtml> 1633 # Kyrgyzstan is canceling the daylight saving time system. I take the article 1634 # to mean that they will leave their clocks at 6 hours ahead of UTC. 1635 # From Malik Abdugaliev (2005-09-21): 1636 # Our government cancels daylight saving time 6th of August 2005. 1637 # From 2005-08-12 our GMT-offset is +6, w/o any daylight saving. 1638 1639 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1640 Rule Kyrgyz 1992 1996 - Apr Sun>=7 0:00s 1:00 S 1641 Rule Kyrgyz 1992 1996 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 - 1642 Rule Kyrgyz 1997 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:30 1:00 S 1643 Rule Kyrgyz 1997 2004 - Oct lastSun 2:30 0 - 1644 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1645 Zone Asia/Bishkek 4:58:24 - LMT 1924 May 2 1646 5:00 - FRUT 1930 Jun 21 # Frunze Time 1647 6:00 RussiaAsia FRU%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 1648 5:00 1:00 FRUST 1991 Aug 31 2:00 # independence 1649 5:00 Kyrgyz KG%sT 2005 Aug 12 # Kyrgyzstan Time 1650 6:00 - KGT 1651 1652 ############################################################################### 1653 1654 # Korea (North and South) 1655 1656 # From Annie I. Bang (2006-07-10) in 1657 # <http://www.koreaherald.co.kr/SITE/data/html_dir/2006/07/10/200607100012.asp>: 1658 # The Ministry of Commerce, Industry and Energy has already 1659 # commissioned a research project [to reintroduce DST] and has said 1660 # the system may begin as early as 2008.... Korea ran a daylight 1661 # saving program from 1949-61 but stopped it during the 1950-53 Korean War. 1662 1663 # From Shanks & Pottenger: 1664 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1665 Rule ROK 1960 only - May 15 0:00 1:00 D 1666 Rule ROK 1960 only - Sep 13 0:00 0 S 1667 Rule ROK 1987 1988 - May Sun>=8 0:00 1:00 D 1668 Rule ROK 1987 1988 - Oct Sun>=8 0:00 0 S 1669 1670 # From Paul Eggert (2014-07-01): 1671 # The following entries are from Shanks & Pottenger, except that I 1672 # guessed that time zone abbreviations through 1945 followed the same 1673 # rules as discussed under Taiwan, with nominal switches from JST to KST 1674 # when the respective cities were taken over by the Allies after WWII. 1675 1676 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1677 Zone Asia/Seoul 8:27:52 - LMT 1890 1678 8:30 - KST 1904 Dec 1679 9:00 - JCST 1928 1680 8:30 - KST 1932 1681 9:00 - JCST 1937 Oct 1 1682 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 8 1683 9:00 - KST 1954 Mar 21 1684 8:00 ROK K%sT 1961 Aug 10 1685 8:30 - KST 1968 Oct 1686 9:00 ROK K%sT 1687 Zone Asia/Pyongyang 8:23:00 - LMT 1890 1688 8:30 - KST 1904 Dec 1689 9:00 - JCST 1928 1690 8:30 - KST 1932 1691 9:00 - JCST 1937 Oct 1 1692 9:00 - JST 1945 Aug 24 1693 9:00 - KST 1954 Mar 21 1694 8:00 - KST 1961 Aug 10 1695 9:00 - KST 1696 1697 ############################################################################### 1698 1699 # Kuwait 1700 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1701 Zone Asia/Kuwait 3:11:56 - LMT 1950 1702 3:00 - AST 1703 1704 # Laos 1705 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1706 Zone Asia/Vientiane 6:50:24 - LMT 1906 Jun 9 # or Viangchan 1707 7:06:20 - SMT 1911 Mar 11 0:01 # Saigon MT? 1708 7:00 - ICT 1912 May 1709 8:00 - ICT 1931 May 1710 7:00 - ICT 1711 1712 # Lebanon 1713 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1714 Rule Lebanon 1920 only - Mar 28 0:00 1:00 S 1715 Rule Lebanon 1920 only - Oct 25 0:00 0 - 1716 Rule Lebanon 1921 only - Apr 3 0:00 1:00 S 1717 Rule Lebanon 1921 only - Oct 3 0:00 0 - 1718 Rule Lebanon 1922 only - Mar 26 0:00 1:00 S 1719 Rule Lebanon 1922 only - Oct 8 0:00 0 - 1720 Rule Lebanon 1923 only - Apr 22 0:00 1:00 S 1721 Rule Lebanon 1923 only - Sep 16 0:00 0 - 1722 Rule Lebanon 1957 1961 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S 1723 Rule Lebanon 1957 1961 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 1724 Rule Lebanon 1972 only - Jun 22 0:00 1:00 S 1725 Rule Lebanon 1972 1977 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 1726 Rule Lebanon 1973 1977 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S 1727 Rule Lebanon 1978 only - Apr 30 0:00 1:00 S 1728 Rule Lebanon 1978 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 - 1729 Rule Lebanon 1984 1987 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S 1730 Rule Lebanon 1984 1991 - Oct 16 0:00 0 - 1731 Rule Lebanon 1988 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S 1732 Rule Lebanon 1989 only - May 10 0:00 1:00 S 1733 Rule Lebanon 1990 1992 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S 1734 Rule Lebanon 1992 only - Oct 4 0:00 0 - 1735 Rule Lebanon 1993 max - Mar lastSun 0:00 1:00 S 1736 Rule Lebanon 1993 1998 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 - 1737 Rule Lebanon 1999 max - Oct lastSun 0:00 0 - 1738 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1739 Zone Asia/Beirut 2:22:00 - LMT 1880 1740 2:00 Lebanon EE%sT 1741 1742 # Malaysia 1743 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1744 Rule NBorneo 1935 1941 - Sep 14 0:00 0:20 TS # one-Third Summer 1745 Rule NBorneo 1935 1941 - Dec 14 0:00 0 - 1746 # 1747 # peninsular Malaysia 1748 # The data here are taken from Mok Ly Yng (2003-10-30) 1749 # <http://www.math.nus.edu.sg/aslaksen/teaching/timezone.html>. 1750 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1751 Zone Asia/Kuala_Lumpur 6:46:46 - LMT 1901 Jan 1 1752 6:55:25 - SMT 1905 Jun 1 # Singapore M.T. 1753 7:00 - MALT 1933 Jan 1 # Malaya Time 1754 7:00 0:20 MALST 1936 Jan 1 1755 7:20 - MALT 1941 Sep 1 1756 7:30 - MALT 1942 Feb 16 1757 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 12 1758 7:30 - MALT 1982 Jan 1 1759 8:00 - MYT # Malaysia Time 1760 # Sabah & Sarawak 1761 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 1762 # The data here are mostly from Shanks & Pottenger, but the 1942, 1945 and 1982 1763 # transition dates are from Mok Ly Yng. 1764 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1765 Zone Asia/Kuching 7:21:20 - LMT 1926 Mar 1766 7:30 - BORT 1933 # Borneo Time 1767 8:00 NBorneo BOR%sT 1942 Feb 16 1768 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 12 1769 8:00 - BORT 1982 Jan 1 1770 8:00 - MYT 1771 1772 # Maldives 1773 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1774 Zone Indian/Maldives 4:54:00 - LMT 1880 # Male 1775 4:54:00 - MMT 1960 # Male Mean Time 1776 5:00 - MVT # Maldives Time 1777 1778 # Mongolia 1779 1780 # Shanks & Pottenger say that Mongolia has three time zones, but 1781 # The USNO (1995-12-21) and the CIA map Standard Time Zones of the World 1782 # (2005-03) both say that it has just one. 1783 1784 # From Oscar van Vlijmen (1999-12-11): 1785 # General Information Mongolia 1786 # <http://www.mongoliatourism.gov.mn/general.htm> (1999-09) 1787 # "Time: Mongolia has two time zones. Three westernmost provinces of 1788 # Bayan-lgii, Uvs, and Hovd are one hour earlier than the capital city, and 1789 # the rest of the country follows the Ulaanbaatar time, which is UTC/GMT plus 1790 # eight hours." 1791 1792 # From Rives McDow (1999-12-13): 1793 # Mongolia discontinued the use of daylight savings time in 1999; 1998 1794 # being the last year it was implemented. The dates of implementation I am 1795 # unsure of, but most probably it was similar to Russia, except for the time 1796 # of implementation may have been different.... 1797 # Some maps in the past have indicated that there was an additional time 1798 # zone in the eastern part of Mongolia, including the provinces of Dornod, 1799 # Skhbaatar, and possibly Khentii. 1800 1801 # From Paul Eggert (1999-12-15): 1802 # Naming and spelling is tricky in Mongolia. 1803 # We'll use Hovd (also spelled Chovd and Khovd) to represent the west zone; 1804 # the capital of the Hovd province is sometimes called Hovd, sometimes Dund-Us, 1805 # and sometimes Jirgalanta (with variant spellings), but the name Hovd 1806 # is good enough for our purposes. 1807 1808 # From Rives McDow (2001-05-13): 1809 # In addition to Mongolia starting daylight savings as reported earlier 1810 # (adopted DST on 2001-04-27 02:00 local time, ending 2001-09-28), 1811 # there are three time zones. 1812 # 1813 # Provinces [at 7:00]: Bayan-lgii, Uvs, Khovd, Zavkhan, Govi-Altai 1814 # Provinces [at 8:00]: Khvsgl, Bulgan, Arkhangai, Khentii, Tv, 1815 # Bayankhongor, vrkhangai, Dundgovi, Dornogovi, mngovi 1816 # Provinces [at 9:00]: Dornod, Skhbaatar 1817 # 1818 # [The province of Selenge is omitted from the above lists.] 1819 1820 # From Ganbold Ts., Ulaanbaatar (2004-04-17): 1821 # Daylight saving occurs at 02:00 local time last Saturday of March. 1822 # It will change back to normal at 02:00 local time last Saturday of 1823 # September.... As I remember this rule was changed in 2001. 1824 # 1825 # From Paul Eggert (2004-04-17): 1826 # For now, assume Rives McDow's informant got confused about Friday vs 1827 # Saturday, and that his 2001 dates should have 1 added to them. 1828 1829 # From Paul Eggert (2005-07-26): 1830 # We have wildly conflicting information about Mongolia's time zones. 1831 # Bill Bonnet (2005-05-19) reports that the US Embassy in Ulaanbaatar says 1832 # there is only one time zone and that DST is observed, citing Microsoft 1833 # Windows XP as the source. Risto Nyknen (2005-05-16) reports that 1834 # travelmongolia.org says there are two time zones (UTC+7, UTC+8) with no DST. 1835 # Oscar van Vlijmen (2005-05-20) reports that the Mongolian Embassy in 1836 # Washington, DC says there are two time zones, with DST observed. 1837 # He also found 1838 # <http://ubpost.mongolnews.mn/index.php?subaction=showcomments&id=1111634894&archive=&start_from=&ucat=1&> 1839 # which also says that there is DST, and which has a comment by "Toddius" 1840 # (2005-03-31 06:05 +0700) saying "Mongolia actually has 3.5 time zones. 1841 # The West (OLGII) is +7 GMT, most of the country is ULAT is +8 GMT 1842 # and some Eastern provinces are +9 GMT but Skhbaatar Aimag is SUHK +8.5 GMT. 1843 # The SUKH timezone is new this year, it is one of the few things the 1844 # parliament passed during the tumultuous winter session." 1845 # For now, let's ignore this information, until we have more confirmation. 1846 1847 # From Ganbold Ts. (2007-02-26): 1848 # Parliament of Mongolia has just changed the daylight-saving rule in February. 1849 # They decided not to adopt daylight-saving time.... 1850 # http://www.mongolnews.mn/index.php?module=unuudur&sec=view&id=15742 1851 1852 # From Deborah Goldsmith (2008-03-30): 1853 # We received a bug report claiming that the tz database UTC offset for 1854 # Asia/Choibalsan (GMT+09:00) is incorrect, and that it should be GMT 1855 # +08:00 instead. Different sources appear to disagree with the tz 1856 # database on this, e.g.: 1857 # 1858 # http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/city.html?n=1026 1859 # http://www.worldtimeserver.com/current_time_in_MN.aspx 1860 # 1861 # both say GMT+08:00. 1862 1863 # From Steffen Thorsen (2008-03-31): 1864 # eznis airways, which operates several domestic flights, has a flight 1865 # schedule here: 1866 # http://www.eznis.com/Container.jsp?id=112 1867 # (click the English flag for English) 1868 # 1869 # There it appears that flights between Choibalsan and Ulaanbaatar arrive 1870 # about 1:35 - 1:50 hours later in local clock time, no matter the 1871 # direction, while Ulaanbaatar-Khovd takes 2 hours in the Eastern 1872 # direction and 3:35 back, which indicates that Ulaanbaatar and Khovd are 1873 # in different time zones (like we know about), while Choibalsan and 1874 # Ulaanbaatar are in the same time zone (correction needed). 1875 1876 # From Arthur David Olson (2008-05-19): 1877 # Assume that Choibalsan is indeed offset by 8:00. 1878 # XXX--in the absence of better information, assume that transition 1879 # was at the start of 2008-03-31 (the day of Steffen Thorsen's report); 1880 # this is almost surely wrong. 1881 1882 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1883 Rule Mongol 1983 1984 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 1884 Rule Mongol 1983 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 1885 # Shanks & Pottenger and IATA SSIM say 1990s switches occurred at 00:00, 1886 # but McDow says the 2001 switches occurred at 02:00. Also, IATA SSIM 1887 # (1996-09) says 1996-10-25. Go with Shanks & Pottenger through 1998. 1888 # 1889 # Shanks & Pottenger say that the Sept. 1984 through Sept. 1990 switches 1890 # in Choibalsan (more precisely, in Dornod and Skhbaatar) took place 1891 # at 02:00 standard time, not at 00:00 local time as in the rest of 1892 # the country. That would be odd, and possibly is a result of their 1893 # correction of 02:00 (in the previous edition) not being done correctly 1894 # in the latest edition; so ignore it for now. 1895 1896 Rule Mongol 1985 1998 - Mar lastSun 0:00 1:00 S 1897 Rule Mongol 1984 1998 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 - 1898 # IATA SSIM (1999-09) says Mongolia no longer observes DST. 1899 Rule Mongol 2001 only - Apr lastSat 2:00 1:00 S 1900 Rule Mongol 2001 2006 - Sep lastSat 2:00 0 - 1901 Rule Mongol 2002 2006 - Mar lastSat 2:00 1:00 S 1902 1903 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1904 # Hovd, a.k.a. Chovd, Dund-Us, Dzhargalant, Khovd, Jirgalanta 1905 Zone Asia/Hovd 6:06:36 - LMT 1905 Aug 1906 6:00 - HOVT 1978 # Hovd Time 1907 7:00 Mongol HOV%sT 1908 # Ulaanbaatar, a.k.a. Ulan Bataar, Ulan Bator, Urga 1909 Zone Asia/Ulaanbaatar 7:07:32 - LMT 1905 Aug 1910 7:00 - ULAT 1978 # Ulaanbaatar Time 1911 8:00 Mongol ULA%sT 1912 # Choibalsan, a.k.a. Bajan Tuemen, Bajan Tumen, Chojbalsan, 1913 # Choybalsan, Sanbejse, Tchoibalsan 1914 Zone Asia/Choibalsan 7:38:00 - LMT 1905 Aug 1915 7:00 - ULAT 1978 1916 8:00 - ULAT 1983 Apr 1917 9:00 Mongol CHO%sT 2008 Mar 31 # Choibalsan Time 1918 8:00 Mongol CHO%sT 1919 1920 # Nepal 1921 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1922 Zone Asia/Kathmandu 5:41:16 - LMT 1920 1923 5:30 - IST 1986 1924 5:45 - NPT # Nepal Time 1925 1926 # Oman 1927 1928 # Milne says 3:54:24 was the meridian of the Muscat Tidal Observatory. 1929 1930 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1931 Zone Asia/Muscat 3:54:24 - LMT 1920 1932 4:00 - GST 1933 1934 # Pakistan 1935 1936 # From Rives McDow (2002-03-13): 1937 # I have been advised that Pakistan has decided to adopt dst on a 1938 # TRIAL basis for one year, starting 00:01 local time on April 7, 2002 1939 # and ending at 00:01 local time October 6, 2002. This is what I was 1940 # told, but I believe that the actual time of change may be 00:00; the 1941 # 00:01 was to make it clear which day it was on. 1942 1943 # From Paul Eggert (2002-03-15): 1944 # Jesper Nrgaard found this URL: 1945 # http://www.pak.gov.pk/public/news/app/app06_dec.htm 1946 # (dated 2001-12-06) which says that the Cabinet adopted a scheme "to 1947 # advance the clocks by one hour on the night between the first 1948 # Saturday and Sunday of April and revert to the original position on 1949 # 15th October each year". This agrees with McDow's 04-07 at 00:00, 1950 # but disagrees about the October transition, and makes it sound like 1951 # it's not on a trial basis. Also, the "between the first Saturday 1952 # and Sunday of April" phrase, if taken literally, means that the 1953 # transition takes place at 00:00 on the first Sunday on or after 04-02. 1954 1955 # From Paul Eggert (2003-02-09): 1956 # DAWN <http://www.dawn.com/2002/10/06/top13.htm> reported on 2002-10-05 1957 # that 2002 DST ended that day at midnight. Go with McDow for now. 1958 1959 # From Steffen Thorsen (2003-03-14): 1960 # According to http://www.dawn.com/2003/03/07/top15.htm 1961 # there will be no DST in Pakistan this year: 1962 # 1963 # ISLAMABAD, March 6: Information and Media Development Minister Sheikh 1964 # Rashid Ahmed on Thursday said the cabinet had reversed a previous 1965 # decision to advance clocks by one hour in summer and put them back by 1966 # one hour in winter with the aim of saving light hours and energy. 1967 # 1968 # The minister told a news conference that the experiment had rather 1969 # shown 8 per cent higher consumption of electricity. 1970 1971 # From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-05-15): 1972 # 1973 # Here is an article that Pakistan plan to introduce Daylight Saving Time 1974 # on June 1, 2008 for 3 months. 1975 # 1976 # "... The federal cabinet on Wednesday announced a new conservation plan to help 1977 # reduce load shedding by approving the closure of commercial centres at 9pm and 1978 # moving clocks forward by one hour for the next three months. 1979 # ...." 1980 # 1981 # http://www.worldtimezone.net/dst_news/dst_news_pakistan01.html 1982 # http://www.dailytimes.com.pk/default.asp?page=2008%5C05%5C15%5Cstory_15-5-2008_pg1_4 1983 1984 # From Arthur David Olson (2008-05-19): 1985 # XXX--midnight transitions is a guess; 2008 only is a guess. 1986 1987 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2008-08-28): 1988 # Pakistan government has decided to keep the watches one-hour advanced 1989 # for another 2 months - plan to return to Standard Time on October 31 1990 # instead of August 31. 1991 # 1992 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_pakistan02.html 1993 # http://dailymailnews.com/200808/28/news/dmbrn03.html 1994 1995 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-04-08): 1996 # Based on previous media reports that "... proposed plan to 1997 # advance clocks by one hour from May 1 will cause disturbance 1998 # to the working schedules rather than bringing discipline in 1999 # official working." 2000 # http://www.thenews.com.pk/daily_detail.asp?id=171280 2001 # 2002 # recent news that instead of May 2009 - Pakistan plan to 2003 # introduce DST from April 15, 2009 2004 # 2005 # FYI: Associated Press Of Pakistan 2006 # April 08, 2009 2007 # Cabinet okays proposal to advance clocks by one hour from April 15 2008 # http://www.app.com.pk/en_/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=73043&Itemid=1 2009 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_pakistan05.html 2010 # 2011 # .... 2012 # The Federal Cabinet on Wednesday approved the proposal to 2013 # advance clocks in the country by one hour from April 15 to 2014 # conserve energy" 2015 2016 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-09-17): 2017 # "The News International," Pakistan reports that: "The Federal 2018 # Government has decided to restore the previous time by moving the 2019 # clocks backward by one hour from October 1. A formal announcement to 2020 # this effect will be made after the Prime Minister grants approval in 2021 # this regard." 2022 # http://www.thenews.com.pk/updates.asp?id=87168 2023 2024 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-09-28): 2025 # According to Associated Press Of Pakistan, it is confirmed that 2026 # Pakistan clocks across the country would be turned back by an hour from October 2027 # 1, 2009. 2028 # 2029 # "Clocks to go back one hour from 1 Oct" 2030 # http://www.app.com.pk/en_/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=86715&Itemid=2 2031 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_pakistan07.htm 2032 2033 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-09-29): 2034 # Alexander Krivenyshev wrote: 2035 # > According to Associated Press Of Pakistan, it is confirmed that 2036 # > Pakistan clocks across the country would be turned back by an hour from October 2037 # > 1, 2009. 2038 # 2039 # Now they seem to have changed their mind, November 1 is the new date: 2040 # http://www.thenews.com.pk/top_story_detail.asp?Id=24742 2041 # "The country's clocks will be reversed by one hour on November 1. 2042 # Officials of Federal Ministry for Interior told this to Geo News on 2043 # Monday." 2044 # 2045 # And more importantly, it seems that these dates will be kept every year: 2046 # "It has now been decided that clocks will be wound forward by one hour 2047 # on April 15 and reversed by an hour on November 1 every year without 2048 # obtaining prior approval, the officials added." 2049 # 2050 # We have confirmed this year's end date with both with the Ministry of 2051 # Water and Power and the Pakistan Electric Power Company: 2052 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/pakistan-ends-dst09.html 2053 2054 # From Christoph Ghre (2009-10-01): 2055 # [T]he German Consulate General in Karachi reported me today that Pakistan 2056 # will go back to standard time on 1st of November. 2057 2058 # From Steffen Thorsen (2010-03-26): 2059 # Steffen Thorsen wrote: 2060 # > On Thursday (2010-03-25) it was announced that DST would start in 2061 # > Pakistan on 2010-04-01. 2062 # > 2063 # > Then today, the president said that they might have to revert the 2064 # > decision if it is not supported by the parliament. So at the time 2065 # > being, it seems unclear if DST will be actually observed or not - but 2066 # > April 1 could be a more likely date than April 15. 2067 # Now, it seems that the decision to not observe DST in final: 2068 # 2069 # "Govt Withdraws Plan To Advance Clocks" 2070 # http://www.apakistannews.com/govt-withdraws-plan-to-advance-clocks-172041 2071 # 2072 # "People laud PM's announcement to end DST" 2073 # http://www.app.com.pk/en_/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=99374&Itemid=2 2074 2075 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 2076 Rule Pakistan 2002 only - Apr Sun>=2 0:01 1:00 S 2077 Rule Pakistan 2002 only - Oct Sun>=2 0:01 0 - 2078 Rule Pakistan 2008 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S 2079 Rule Pakistan 2008 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 - 2080 Rule Pakistan 2009 only - Apr 15 0:00 1:00 S 2081 Rule Pakistan 2009 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 - 2082 2083 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2084 Zone Asia/Karachi 4:28:12 - LMT 1907 2085 5:30 - IST 1942 Sep 2086 5:30 1:00 IST 1945 Oct 15 2087 5:30 - IST 1951 Sep 30 2088 5:00 - KART 1971 Mar 26 # Karachi Time 2089 5:00 Pakistan PK%sT # Pakistan Time 2090 2091 # Palestine 2092 2093 # From Amos Shapir (1998-02-15): 2094 # 2095 # From 1917 until 1948-05-15, all of Palestine, including the parts now 2096 # known as the Gaza Strip and the West Bank, was under British rule. 2097 # Therefore the rules given for Israel for that period, apply there too... 2098 # 2099 # The Gaza Strip was under Egyptian rule between 1948-05-15 until 1967-06-05 2100 # (except a short occupation by Israel from 1956-11 till 1957-03, but no 2101 # time zone was affected then). It was never formally annexed to Egypt, 2102 # though. 2103 # 2104 # The rest of Palestine was under Jordanian rule at that time, formally 2105 # annexed in 1950 as the West Bank (and the word "Trans" was dropped from 2106 # the country's previous name of "the Hashemite Kingdom of the 2107 # Trans-Jordan"). So the rules for Jordan for that time apply. Major 2108 # towns in that area are Nablus (Shchem), El-Halil (Hebron), Ramallah, and 2109 # East Jerusalem. 2110 # 2111 # Both areas were occupied by Israel in June 1967, but not annexed (except 2112 # for East Jerusalem). They were on Israel time since then; there might 2113 # have been a Military Governor's order about time zones, but I'm not aware 2114 # of any (such orders may have been issued semi-annually whenever summer 2115 # time was in effect, but maybe the legal aspect of time was just neglected). 2116 # 2117 # The Palestinian Authority was established in 1993, and got hold of most 2118 # towns in the West Bank and Gaza by 1995. I know that in order to 2119 # demonstrate...independence, they have been switching to 2120 # summer time and back on a different schedule than Israel's, but I don't 2121 # know when this was started, or what algorithm is used (most likely the 2122 # Jordanian one). 2123 # 2124 # To summarize, the table should probably look something like that: 2125 # 2126 # Area \ when | 1918-1947 | 1948-1967 | 1967-1995 | 1996- 2127 # ------------+-----------+-----------+-----------+----------- 2128 # Israel | Zion | Zion | Zion | Zion 2129 # West bank | Zion | Jordan | Zion | Jordan 2130 # Gaza | Zion | Egypt | Zion | Jordan 2131 # 2132 # I guess more info may be available from the PA's web page (if/when they 2133 # have one). 2134 2135 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 2136 # Shanks & Pottenger write that Gaza did not observe DST until 1957, but go 2137 # with Shapir and assume that it observed DST from 1940 through 1947, 2138 # and that it used Jordanian rules starting in 1996. 2139 # We don't yet need a separate entry for the West Bank, since 2140 # the only differences between it and Gaza that we know about 2141 # occurred before our cutoff date of 1970. 2142 # However, as we get more information, we may need to add entries 2143 # for parts of the West Bank as they transitioned from Israel's rules 2144 # to Palestine's rules. 2145 2146 # From IINS News Service - Israel - 1998-03-23 10:38:07 Israel time, 2147 # forwarded by Ephraim Silverberg: 2148 # 2149 # Despite the fact that Israel changed over to daylight savings time 2150 # last week, the PLO Authority (PA) has decided not to turn its clocks 2151 # one-hour forward at this time. As a sign of independence from Israeli rule, 2152 # the PA has decided to implement DST in April. 2153 2154 # From Paul Eggert (1999-09-20): 2155 # Daoud Kuttab writes in Holiday havoc 2156 # <http://www.jpost.com/com/Archive/22.Apr.1999/Opinion/Article-2.html> 2157 # (Jerusalem Post, 1999-04-22) that 2158 # the Palestinian National Authority changed to DST on 1999-04-15. 2159 # I vaguely recall that they switch back in October (sorry, forgot the source). 2160 # For now, let's assume that the spring switch was at 24:00, 2161 # and that they switch at 0:00 on the 3rd Fridays of April and October. 2162 2163 # From Paul Eggert (2005-11-22): 2164 # Starting 2004 transitions are from Steffen Thorsen's web site timeanddate.com. 2165 2166 # From Steffen Thorsen (2005-11-23): 2167 # A user from Gaza reported that Gaza made the change early because of 2168 # the Ramadan. Next year Ramadan will be even earlier, so I think 2169 # there is a good chance next year's end date will be around two weeks 2170 # earlier - the same goes for Jordan. 2171 2172 # From Steffen Thorsen (2006-08-17): 2173 # I was informed by a user in Bethlehem that in Bethlehem it started the 2174 # same day as Israel, and after checking with other users in the area, I 2175 # was informed that they started DST one day after Israel. I was not 2176 # able to find any authoritative sources at the time, nor details if 2177 # Gaza changed as well, but presumed Gaza to follow the same rules as 2178 # the West Bank. 2179 2180 # From Steffen Thorsen (2006-09-26): 2181 # according to the Palestine News Network (2006-09-19): 2182 # http://english.pnn.ps/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=596&Itemid=5 2183 # > The Council of Ministers announced that this year its winter schedule 2184 # > will begin early, as of midnight Thursday. It is also time to turn 2185 # > back the clocks for winter. Friday will begin an hour late this week. 2186 # I guess it is likely that next year's date will be moved as well, 2187 # because of the Ramadan. 2188 2189 # From Jesper Nrgaard Welen (2007-09-18): 2190 # According to Steffen Thorsen's web site the Gaza Strip and the rest of the 2191 # Palestinian territories left DST early on 13.th. of September at 2:00. 2192 2193 # From Paul Eggert (2007-09-20): 2194 # My understanding is that Gaza and the West Bank disagree even over when 2195 # the weekend is (Thursday+Friday versus Friday+Saturday), so I'd be a bit 2196 # surprised if they agreed about DST. But for now, assume they agree. 2197 # For lack of better information, predict that future changes will be 2198 # the 2nd Thursday of September at 02:00. 2199 2200 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2008-08-28): 2201 # Here is an article, that Mideast running on different clocks at Ramadan. 2202 # 2203 # Gaza Strip (as Egypt) ended DST at midnight Thursday (Aug 28, 2008), while 2204 # the West Bank will end Daylight Saving Time at midnight Sunday (Aug 31, 2008). 2205 # 2206 # http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/feedarticle/7759001 2207 # http://www.abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory?id=5676087 2208 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_gazastrip01.html 2209 2210 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-03-26): 2211 # According to the Palestine News Network (arabic.pnn.ps), Palestinian 2212 # government decided to start Daylight Time on Thursday night March 2213 # 26 and continue until the night of 27 September 2009. 2214 # 2215 # (in Arabic) 2216 # http://arabic.pnn.ps/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=50850 2217 # 2218 # (English translation) 2219 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_westbank01.html 2220 2221 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-08-31): 2222 # Palestine's Council of Ministers announced that they will revert back to 2223 # winter time on Friday, 2009-09-04. 2224 # 2225 # One news source: 2226 # http://www.safa.ps/ara/?action=showdetail&seid=4158 2227 # (Palestinian press agency, Arabic), 2228 # Google translate: "Decided that the Palestinian government in Ramallah 2229 # headed by Salam Fayyad, the start of work in time for the winter of 2230 # 2009, starting on Friday approved the fourth delay Sept. clock sixty 2231 # minutes per hour as of Friday morning." 2232 # 2233 # We are not sure if Gaza will do the same, last year they had a different 2234 # end date, we will keep this page updated: 2235 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/westbank-gaza-dst-2009.html 2236 2237 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-09-02): 2238 # Seems that Gaza Strip will go back to Winter Time same date as West Bank. 2239 # 2240 # According to Palestinian Ministry Of Interior, West Bank and Gaza Strip plan 2241 # to change time back to Standard time on September 4, 2009. 2242 # 2243 # "Winter time unite the West Bank and Gaza" 2244 # (from Palestinian National Authority): 2245 # http://www.moi.gov.ps/en/?page=633167343250594025&nid=11505 2246 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_gazastrip02.html 2247 2248 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2010-03-19): 2249 # According to Voice of Palestine DST will last for 191 days, from March 2250 # 26, 2010 till "the last Sunday before the tenth day of Tishri 2251 # (October), each year" (October 03, 2010?) 2252 # 2253 # http://palvoice.org/forums/showthread.php?t=245697 2254 # (in Arabic) 2255 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_westbank03.html 2256 2257 # From Steffen Thorsen (2010-03-24): 2258 # ...Ma'an News Agency reports that Hamas cabinet has decided it will 2259 # start one day later, at 12:01am. Not sure if they really mean 12:01am or 2260 # noon though: 2261 # 2262 # http://www.maannews.net/eng/ViewDetails.aspx?ID=271178 2263 # (Ma'an News Agency) 2264 # "At 12:01am Friday, clocks in Israel and the West Bank will change to 2265 # 1:01am, while Gaza clocks will change at 12:01am Saturday morning." 2266 2267 # From Steffen Thorsen (2010-08-11): 2268 # According to several sources, including 2269 # http://www.maannews.net/eng/ViewDetails.aspx?ID=306795 2270 # the clocks were set back one hour at 2010-08-11 00:00:00 local time in 2271 # Gaza and the West Bank. 2272 # Some more background info: 2273 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/westbank-gaza-end-dst-2010.html 2274 2275 # From Steffen Thorsen (2011-08-26): 2276 # Gaza and the West Bank did go back to standard time in the beginning of 2277 # August, and will now enter daylight saving time again on 2011-08-30 2278 # 00:00 (so two periods of DST in 2011). The pause was because of 2279 # Ramadan. 2280 # 2281 # http://www.maannews.net/eng/ViewDetails.aspx?ID=416217 2282 # Additional info: 2283 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/palestine-dst-2011.html 2284 2285 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2011-08-27): 2286 # According to the article in The Jerusalem Post: 2287 # "...Earlier this month, the Palestinian government in the West Bank decided to 2288 # move to standard time for 30 days, during Ramadan. The Palestinians in the 2289 # Gaza Strip accepted the change and also moved their clocks one hour back. 2290 # The Hamas government said on Saturday that it won't observe summertime after 2291 # the Muslim feast of Id al-Fitr, which begins on Tuesday..." 2292 # ... 2293 # http://www.jpost.com/MiddleEast/Article.aspx?id=235650 2294 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_gazastrip05.html 2295 # The rules for Egypt are stolen from the 'africa' file. 2296 2297 # From Steffen Thorsen (2011-09-30): 2298 # West Bank did end Daylight Saving Time this morning/midnight (2011-09-30 2299 # 00:00). 2300 # So West Bank and Gaza now have the same time again. 2301 # 2302 # Many sources, including: 2303 # http://www.maannews.net/eng/ViewDetails.aspx?ID=424808 2304 2305 # From Steffen Thorsen (2012-03-26): 2306 # Palestinian news sources tell that both Gaza and West Bank will start DST 2307 # on Friday (Thursday midnight, 2012-03-29 24:00). 2308 # Some of many sources in Arabic: 2309 # http://www.samanews.com/index.php?act=Show&id=122638 2310 # 2311 # http://safa.ps/details/news/74352/%D8%A8%D8%AF%D8%A1-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%82%D9%8A%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B5%D9%8A%D9%81%D9%8A-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B6%D9%81%D8%A9-%D9%88%D8%BA%D8%B2%D8%A9-%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%84%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%A9.html 2312 # 2313 # Our brief summary: 2314 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/gaza-west-bank-dst-2012.html 2315 2316 # From Steffen Thorsen (2013-03-26): 2317 # The following news sources tells that Palestine will "start daylight saving 2318 # time from midnight on Friday, March 29, 2013" (translated). 2319 # [These are in Arabic and are for Gaza and for Ramallah, respectively.] 2320 # http://www.samanews.com/index.php?act=Show&id=154120 2321 # http://safa.ps/details/news/99844/%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%85-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D9%87-%D8%A8%D8%AF%D8%A1-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%82%D9%8A%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B5%D9%8A%D9%81%D9%8A-29-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A.html 2322 2323 # From Steffen Thorsen (2013-09-24): 2324 # The Gaza and West Bank are ending DST Thursday at midnight 2325 # (2013-09-27 00:00:00) (one hour earlier than last year...). 2326 # This source in English, says "that winter time will go into effect 2327 # at midnight on Thursday in the West Bank and Gaza Strip": 2328 # http://english.wafa.ps/index.php?action=detail&id=23246 2329 # official source...: 2330 # http://www.palestinecabinet.gov.ps/ar/Views/ViewDetails.aspx?pid=1252 2331 2332 # From Paul Eggert (2013-09-24): 2333 # For future dates, guess the last Thursday in March at 24:00 through 2334 # the first Friday on or after September 21 at 00:00. This is consistent with 2335 # the predictions in today's editions of the following URLs, 2336 # which are for Gaza and Hebron respectively: 2337 # http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/timezone.html?n=702 2338 # http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/timezone.html?n=2364 2339 2340 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 2341 Rule EgyptAsia 1957 only - May 10 0:00 1:00 S 2342 Rule EgyptAsia 1957 1958 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 2343 Rule EgyptAsia 1958 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 S 2344 Rule EgyptAsia 1959 1967 - May 1 1:00 1:00 S 2345 Rule EgyptAsia 1959 1965 - Sep 30 3:00 0 - 2346 Rule EgyptAsia 1966 only - Oct 1 3:00 0 - 2347 2348 Rule Palestine 1999 2005 - Apr Fri>=15 0:00 1:00 S 2349 Rule Palestine 1999 2003 - Oct Fri>=15 0:00 0 - 2350 Rule Palestine 2004 only - Oct 1 1:00 0 - 2351 Rule Palestine 2005 only - Oct 4 2:00 0 - 2352 Rule Palestine 2006 2007 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 2353 Rule Palestine 2006 only - Sep 22 0:00 0 - 2354 Rule Palestine 2007 only - Sep Thu>=8 2:00 0 - 2355 Rule Palestine 2008 2009 - Mar lastFri 0:00 1:00 S 2356 Rule Palestine 2008 only - Sep 1 0:00 0 - 2357 Rule Palestine 2009 only - Sep Fri>=1 1:00 0 - 2358 Rule Palestine 2010 only - Mar 26 0:00 1:00 S 2359 Rule Palestine 2010 only - Aug 11 0:00 0 - 2360 Rule Palestine 2011 only - Apr 1 0:01 1:00 S 2361 Rule Palestine 2011 only - Aug 1 0:00 0 - 2362 Rule Palestine 2011 only - Aug 30 0:00 1:00 S 2363 Rule Palestine 2011 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 - 2364 Rule Palestine 2012 max - Mar lastThu 24:00 1:00 S 2365 Rule Palestine 2012 only - Sep 21 1:00 0 - 2366 Rule Palestine 2013 max - Sep Fri>=21 0:00 0 - 2367 2368 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2369 Zone Asia/Gaza 2:17:52 - LMT 1900 Oct 2370 2:00 Zion EET 1948 May 15 2371 2:00 EgyptAsia EE%sT 1967 Jun 5 2372 2:00 Zion I%sT 1996 2373 2:00 Jordan EE%sT 1999 2374 2:00 Palestine EE%sT 2008 Aug 29 0:00 2375 2:00 - EET 2008 Sep 2376 2:00 Palestine EE%sT 2010 2377 2:00 - EET 2010 Mar 27 0:01 2378 2:00 Palestine EE%sT 2011 Aug 1 2379 2:00 - EET 2012 2380 2:00 Palestine EE%sT 2381 2382 Zone Asia/Hebron 2:20:23 - LMT 1900 Oct 2383 2:00 Zion EET 1948 May 15 2384 2:00 EgyptAsia EE%sT 1967 Jun 5 2385 2:00 Zion I%sT 1996 2386 2:00 Jordan EE%sT 1999 2387 2:00 Palestine EE%sT 2388 2389 # Paracel Is 2390 # no information 2391 2392 # Philippines 2393 # On 1844-08-16, Narciso Clavera, governor-general of the 2394 # Philippines, issued a proclamation announcing that 1844-12-30 was to 2395 # be immediately followed by 1845-01-01; see R.H. van Gent's 2396 # History of the International Date Line 2397 # <http://www.staff.science.uu.nl/~gent0113/idl/idl_philippines.htm>. 2398 # The rest of the data are from Shanks & Pottenger. 2399 2400 # From Paul Eggert (2006-04-25): 2401 # Tomorrow's Manila Standard reports that the Philippines Department of 2402 # Trade and Industry is considering adopting DST this June when the 2403 # rainy season begins. See 2404 # <http://www.manilastandardtoday.com/?page=politics02_april26_2006>. 2405 # For now, we'll ignore this, since it's not definite and we lack details. 2406 # 2407 # From Jesper Nrgaard Welen (2006-04-26): 2408 # ... claims that Philippines had DST last time in 1990: 2409 # http://story.philippinetimes.com/p.x/ct/9/id/145be20cc6b121c0/cid/3e5bbccc730d258c/ 2410 # [a story dated 2006-04-25 by Cris Larano of Dow Jones Newswires, 2411 # but no details] 2412 2413 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 2414 Rule Phil 1936 only - Nov 1 0:00 1:00 S 2415 Rule Phil 1937 only - Feb 1 0:00 0 - 2416 Rule Phil 1954 only - Apr 12 0:00 1:00 S 2417 Rule Phil 1954 only - Jul 1 0:00 0 - 2418 Rule Phil 1978 only - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 S 2419 Rule Phil 1978 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 - 2420 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2421 Zone Asia/Manila -15:56:00 - LMT 1844 Dec 31 2422 8:04:00 - LMT 1899 May 11 2423 8:00 Phil PH%sT 1942 May 2424 9:00 - JST 1944 Nov 2425 8:00 Phil PH%sT 2426 2427 # Qatar 2428 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2429 Zone Asia/Qatar 3:26:08 - LMT 1920 # Al Dawhah / Doha 2430 4:00 - GST 1972 Jun 2431 3:00 - AST 2432 2433 # Saudi Arabia 2434 # 2435 # From Paul Eggert (2014-07-15): 2436 # Time in Saudi Arabia and other countries in the Arabian peninsula was not 2437 # standardized until relatively recently; we don't know when, and possibly it 2438 # has never been made official. Richard P Hunt, in "Islam city yielding to 2439 # modern times", New York Times (1961-04-09), p 20, wrote that only airlines 2440 # observed standard time, and that people in Jeddah mostly observed quasi-solar 2441 # time, doing so by setting their watches at sunrise to 6 o'clock (or to 12 2442 # o'clock for "Arab" time). 2443 # 2444 # The TZ database cannot represent quasi-solar time; airline time is the best 2445 # we can do. The 1946 foreign air news digest of the U.S. Civil Aeronautics 2446 # Board (OCLC 42299995) reported that the "... Arabian Government, inaugurated 2447 # a weekly Dhahran-Cairo service, via the Saudi Arabian cities of Riyadh and 2448 # Jidda, on March 14, 1947". Shanks & Pottenger guessed 1950; go with the 2449 # earlier date. 2450 # 2451 # Shanks & Pottenger also state that until 1968-05-01 Saudi Arabia had two 2452 # time zones; the other zone, at UTC+4, was in the far eastern part of 2453 # the country. Ignore this, as it's before our 1970 cutoff. 2454 # 2455 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2456 Zone Asia/Riyadh 3:06:52 - LMT 1947 Mar 14 2457 3:00 - AST 2458 2459 # Singapore 2460 # The data here are taken from Mok Ly Yng (2003-10-30) 2461 # <http://www.math.nus.edu.sg/aslaksen/teaching/timezone.html>. 2462 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2463 Zone Asia/Singapore 6:55:25 - LMT 1901 Jan 1 2464 6:55:25 - SMT 1905 Jun 1 # Singapore M.T. 2465 7:00 - MALT 1933 Jan 1 # Malaya Time 2466 7:00 0:20 MALST 1936 Jan 1 2467 7:20 - MALT 1941 Sep 1 2468 7:30 - MALT 1942 Feb 16 2469 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 12 2470 7:30 - MALT 1965 Aug 9 # independence 2471 7:30 - SGT 1982 Jan 1 # Singapore Time 2472 8:00 - SGT 2473 2474 # Spratly Is 2475 # no information 2476 2477 # Sri Lanka 2478 2479 # From Paul Eggert (2013-02-21): 2480 # Milne says "Madras mean time use from May 1, 1898. Prior to this Colombo 2481 # mean time, 5h. 4m. 21.9s. F., was used." But 5:04:21.9 differs considerably 2482 # from Colombo's meridian 5:19:24, so for now ignore Milne and stick with 2483 # Shanks and Pottenger. 2484 2485 # From Paul Eggert (1996-09-03): 2486 # "Sri Lanka advances clock by an hour to avoid blackout" 2487 # (<http://www.virtual-pc.com/lankaweb/news/items/240596-2.html>, 1996-05-24, 2488 # no longer available as of 1999-08-17) 2489 # reported "the country's standard time will be put forward by one hour at 2490 # midnight Friday (1830 GMT) 'in the light of the present power crisis'." 2491 # 2492 # From Dharmasiri Senanayake, Sri Lanka Media Minister (1996-10-24), as quoted 2493 # by Shamindra in Daily News - Hot News Section 2494 # <news:54rka5$m5h (a] mtinsc01-mgt.ops.worldnet.att.net> (1996-10-26): 2495 # With effect from 12.30 a.m. on 26th October 1996 2496 # Sri Lanka will be six (06) hours ahead of GMT. 2497 2498 # From Jesper Nrgaard Welen (2006-04-14), quoting Sri Lanka News Online 2499 # <http://news.sinhalaya.com/wmview.php?ArtID=11002> (2006-04-13): 2500 # 0030 hrs on April 15, 2006 (midnight of April 14, 2006 +30 minutes) 2501 # at present, become 2400 hours of April 14, 2006 (midnight of April 14, 2006). 2502 2503 # From Peter Apps and Ranga Sirila of Reuters (2006-04-12) in: 2504 # <http://today.reuters.co.uk/news/newsArticle.aspx?type=scienceNews&storyID=2006-04-12T172228Z_01_COL295762_RTRIDST_0_SCIENCE-SRILANKA-TIME-DC.XML> 2505 # [The Tamil Tigers] never accepted the original 1996 time change and simply 2506 # kept their clocks set five and a half hours ahead of Greenwich Mean 2507 # Time (GMT), in line with neighbor India. 2508 # From Paul Eggert (2006-04-18): 2509 # People who live in regions under Tamil control can use [TZ='Asia/Kolkata'], 2510 # as that zone has agreed with the Tamil areas since our cutoff date of 1970. 2511 2512 # From K Sethu (2006-04-25): 2513 # I think the abbreviation LKT originated from the world of computers at 2514 # the time of or subsequent to the time zone changes by SL Government 2515 # twice in 1996 and probably SL Government or its standardization 2516 # agencies never declared an abbreviation as a national standard. 2517 # 2518 # I recollect before the recent change the government announcements 2519 # mentioning it as simply changing Sri Lanka Standard Time or Sri Lanka 2520 # Time and no mention was made about the abbreviation. 2521 # 2522 # If we look at Sri Lanka Department of Government's "Official News 2523 # Website of Sri Lanka" ... http://www.news.lk/ we can see that they 2524 # use SLT as abbreviation in time stamp at the beginning of each news 2525 # item.... 2526 # 2527 # Within Sri Lanka I think LKT is well known among computer users and 2528 # administrators. In my opinion SLT may not be a good choice because the 2529 # nation's largest telcom / internet operator Sri Lanka Telcom is well 2530 # known by that abbreviation - simply as SLT (there IP domains are 2531 # slt.lk and sltnet.lk). 2532 # 2533 # But if indeed our government has adopted SLT as standard abbreviation 2534 # (that we have not known so far) then it is better that it be used for 2535 # all computers. 2536 2537 # From Paul Eggert (2006-04-25): 2538 # One possibility is that we wait for a bit for the dust to settle down 2539 # and then see what people actually say in practice. 2540 2541 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2542 Zone Asia/Colombo 5:19:24 - LMT 1880 2543 5:19:32 - MMT 1906 # Moratuwa Mean Time 2544 5:30 - IST 1942 Jan 5 2545 5:30 0:30 IHST 1942 Sep 2546 5:30 1:00 IST 1945 Oct 16 2:00 2547 5:30 - IST 1996 May 25 0:00 2548 6:30 - LKT 1996 Oct 26 0:30 2549 6:00 - LKT 2006 Apr 15 0:30 2550 5:30 - IST 2551 2552 # Syria 2553 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 2554 Rule Syria 1920 1923 - Apr Sun>=15 2:00 1:00 S 2555 Rule Syria 1920 1923 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00 0 - 2556 Rule Syria 1962 only - Apr 29 2:00 1:00 S 2557 Rule Syria 1962 only - Oct 1 2:00 0 - 2558 Rule Syria 1963 1965 - May 1 2:00 1:00 S 2559 Rule Syria 1963 only - Sep 30 2:00 0 - 2560 Rule Syria 1964 only - Oct 1 2:00 0 - 2561 Rule Syria 1965 only - Sep 30 2:00 0 - 2562 Rule Syria 1966 only - Apr 24 2:00 1:00 S 2563 Rule Syria 1966 1976 - Oct 1 2:00 0 - 2564 Rule Syria 1967 1978 - May 1 2:00 1:00 S 2565 Rule Syria 1977 1978 - Sep 1 2:00 0 - 2566 Rule Syria 1983 1984 - Apr 9 2:00 1:00 S 2567 Rule Syria 1983 1984 - Oct 1 2:00 0 - 2568 Rule Syria 1986 only - Feb 16 2:00 1:00 S 2569 Rule Syria 1986 only - Oct 9 2:00 0 - 2570 Rule Syria 1987 only - Mar 1 2:00 1:00 S 2571 Rule Syria 1987 1988 - Oct 31 2:00 0 - 2572 Rule Syria 1988 only - Mar 15 2:00 1:00 S 2573 Rule Syria 1989 only - Mar 31 2:00 1:00 S 2574 Rule Syria 1989 only - Oct 1 2:00 0 - 2575 Rule Syria 1990 only - Apr 1 2:00 1:00 S 2576 Rule Syria 1990 only - Sep 30 2:00 0 - 2577 Rule Syria 1991 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 2578 Rule Syria 1991 1992 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 2579 Rule Syria 1992 only - Apr 8 0:00 1:00 S 2580 Rule Syria 1993 only - Mar 26 0:00 1:00 S 2581 Rule Syria 1993 only - Sep 25 0:00 0 - 2582 # IATA SSIM (1998-02) says 1998-04-02; 2583 # (1998-09) says 1999-03-29 and 1999-09-29; (1999-02) says 1999-04-02, 2584 # 2000-04-02, and 2001-04-02; (1999-09) says 2000-03-31 and 2001-03-31; 2585 # (2006) says 2006-03-31 and 2006-09-22; 2586 # for now ignore all these claims and go with Shanks & Pottenger, 2587 # except for the 2006-09-22 claim (which seems right for Ramadan). 2588 Rule Syria 1994 1996 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 2589 Rule Syria 1994 2005 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 2590 Rule Syria 1997 1998 - Mar lastMon 0:00 1:00 S 2591 Rule Syria 1999 2006 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 2592 # From Stephen Colebourne (2006-09-18): 2593 # According to IATA data, Syria will change DST on 21st September [21:00 UTC] 2594 # this year [only].... This is probably related to Ramadan, like Egypt. 2595 Rule Syria 2006 only - Sep 22 0:00 0 - 2596 # From Paul Eggert (2007-03-29): 2597 # Today the AP reported "Syria will switch to summertime at midnight Thursday." 2598 # http://www.iht.com/articles/ap/2007/03/29/africa/ME-GEN-Syria-Time-Change.php 2599 Rule Syria 2007 only - Mar lastFri 0:00 1:00 S 2600 # From Jesper Nrgaard (2007-10-27): 2601 # The sister center ICARDA of my work CIMMYT is confirming that Syria DST will 2602 # not take place 1st November at 0:00 o'clock but 1st November at 24:00 or 2603 # rather Midnight between Thursday and Friday. This does make more sense than 2604 # having it between Wednesday and Thursday (two workdays in Syria) since the 2605 # weekend in Syria is not Saturday and Sunday, but Friday and Saturday. So now 2606 # it is implemented at midnight of the last workday before weekend... 2607 # 2608 # From Steffen Thorsen (2007-10-27): 2609 # Jesper Nrgaard Welen wrote: 2610 # 2611 # > "Winter local time in Syria will be observed at midnight of Thursday 1 2612 # > November 2007, and the clock will be put back 1 hour." 2613 # 2614 # I found confirmation on this in this gov.sy-article (Arabic): 2615 # http://wehda.alwehda.gov.sy/_print_veiw.asp?FileName=12521710520070926111247 2616 # 2617 # which using Google's translate tools says: 2618 # Council of Ministers also approved the commencement of work on 2619 # identifying the winter time as of Friday, 2/11/2007 where the 60th 2620 # minute delay at midnight Thursday 1/11/2007. 2621 Rule Syria 2007 only - Nov Fri>=1 0:00 0 - 2622 2623 # From Stephen Colebourne (2008-03-17): 2624 # For everyone's info, I saw an IATA time zone change for [Syria] for 2625 # this month (March 2008) in the last day or so...This is the data IATA 2626 # are now using: 2627 # Country Time Standard --- DST Start --- --- DST End --- DST 2628 # Name Zone Variation Time Date Time Date 2629 # Variation 2630 # Syrian Arab 2631 # Republic SY +0200 2200 03APR08 2100 30SEP08 +0300 2632 # 2200 02APR09 2100 30SEP09 +0300 2633 # 2200 01APR10 2100 30SEP10 +0300 2634 2635 # From Arthur David Olson (2008-03-17): 2636 # Here's a link to English-language coverage by the Syrian Arab News 2637 # Agency (SANA)... 2638 # http://www.sana.sy/eng/21/2008/03/11/165173.htm 2639 # ...which reads (in part) "The Cabinet approved the suggestion of the 2640 # Ministry of Electricity to begin daylight savings time on Friday April 2641 # 4th, advancing clocks one hour ahead on midnight of Thursday April 3rd." 2642 # Since Syria is two hours east of UTC, the 2200 and 2100 transition times 2643 # shown above match up with midnight in Syria. 2644 2645 # From Arthur David Olson (2008-03-18): 2646 # My best guess at a Syrian rule is "the Friday nearest April 1"; 2647 # coding that involves either using a "Mar Fri>=29" construct that old time zone 2648 # compilers can't handle or having multiple Rules (a la Israel). 2649 # For now, use "Apr Fri>=1", and go with IATA on a uniform Sep 30 end. 2650 2651 # From Steffen Thorsen (2008-10-07): 2652 # Syria has now officially decided to end DST on 2008-11-01 this year, 2653 # according to the following article in the Syrian Arab News Agency (SANA). 2654 # 2655 # The article is in Arabic, and seems to tell that they will go back to 2656 # winter time on 2008-11-01 at 00:00 local daylight time (delaying/setting 2657 # clocks back 60 minutes). 2658 # 2659 # http://sana.sy/ara/2/2008/10/07/195459.htm 2660 2661 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-03-19): 2662 # Syria will start DST on 2009-03-27 00:00 this year according to many sources, 2663 # two examples: 2664 # 2665 # http://www.sana.sy/eng/21/2009/03/17/217563.htm 2666 # (English, Syrian Arab News # Agency) 2667 # http://thawra.alwehda.gov.sy/_View_news2.asp?FileName=94459258720090318012209 2668 # (Arabic, gov-site) 2669 # 2670 # We have not found any sources saying anything about when DST ends this year. 2671 # 2672 # Our summary 2673 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/syria-dst-starts-march-27-2009.html 2674 2675 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-10-27): 2676 # The Syrian Arab News Network on 2009-09-29 reported that Syria will 2677 # revert back to winter (standard) time on midnight between Thursday 2678 # 2009-10-29 and Friday 2009-10-30: 2679 # http://www.sana.sy/ara/2/2009/09/29/247012.htm (Arabic) 2680 2681 # From Arthur David Olson (2009-10-28): 2682 # We'll see if future DST switching times turn out to be end of the last 2683 # Thursday of the month or the start of the last Friday of the month or 2684 # something else. For now, use the start of the last Friday. 2685 2686 # From Steffen Thorsen (2010-03-17): 2687 # The "Syrian News Station" reported on 2010-03-16 that the Council of 2688 # Ministers has decided that Syria will start DST on midnight Thursday 2689 # 2010-04-01: (midnight between Thursday and Friday): 2690 # http://sns.sy/sns/?path=news/read/11421 (Arabic) 2691 2692 # From Steffen Thorsen (2012-03-26): 2693 # Today, Syria's government announced that they will start DST early on Friday 2694 # (00:00). This is a bit earlier than the past two years. 2695 # 2696 # From Syrian Arab News Agency, in Arabic: 2697 # http://www.sana.sy/ara/2/2012/03/26/408215.htm 2698 # 2699 # Our brief summary: 2700 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/syria-dst-2012.html 2701 2702 # From Arthur David Olson (2012-03-27): 2703 # Assume last Friday in March going forward XXX. 2704 2705 Rule Syria 2008 only - Apr Fri>=1 0:00 1:00 S 2706 Rule Syria 2008 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 - 2707 Rule Syria 2009 only - Mar lastFri 0:00 1:00 S 2708 Rule Syria 2010 2011 - Apr Fri>=1 0:00 1:00 S 2709 Rule Syria 2012 max - Mar lastFri 0:00 1:00 S 2710 Rule Syria 2009 max - Oct lastFri 0:00 0 - 2711 2712 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2713 Zone Asia/Damascus 2:25:12 - LMT 1920 # Dimashq 2714 2:00 Syria EE%sT 2715 2716 # Tajikistan 2717 # From Shanks & Pottenger. 2718 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2719 Zone Asia/Dushanbe 4:35:12 - LMT 1924 May 2 2720 5:00 - DUST 1930 Jun 21 # Dushanbe Time 2721 6:00 RussiaAsia DUS%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 2722 5:00 1:00 DUSST 1991 Sep 9 2:00s 2723 5:00 - TJT # Tajikistan Time 2724 2725 # Thailand 2726 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2727 Zone Asia/Bangkok 6:42:04 - LMT 1880 2728 6:42:04 - BMT 1920 Apr # Bangkok Mean Time 2729 7:00 - ICT 2730 2731 # Turkmenistan 2732 # From Shanks & Pottenger. 2733 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2734 Zone Asia/Ashgabat 3:53:32 - LMT 1924 May 2 # or Ashkhabad 2735 4:00 - ASHT 1930 Jun 21 # Ashkhabad Time 2736 5:00 RussiaAsia ASH%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00 2737 4:00 RussiaAsia ASH%sT 1991 Oct 27 # independence 2738 4:00 RussiaAsia TM%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00 2739 5:00 - TMT 2740 2741 # United Arab Emirates 2742 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2743 Zone Asia/Dubai 3:41:12 - LMT 1920 2744 4:00 - GST 2745 2746 # Uzbekistan 2747 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2748 Zone Asia/Samarkand 4:27:12 - LMT 1924 May 2 2749 4:00 - SAMT 1930 Jun 21 # Samarkand Time 2750 5:00 - SAMT 1981 Apr 1 2751 5:00 1:00 SAMST 1981 Oct 1 2752 6:00 - TAST 1982 Apr 1 # Tashkent Time 2753 5:00 RussiaAsia SAM%sT 1991 Sep 1 # independence 2754 5:00 RussiaAsia UZ%sT 1992 2755 5:00 - UZT 2756 # Milne says Tashkent was 4:37:10.8; round to nearest. 2757 Zone Asia/Tashkent 4:37:11 - LMT 1924 May 2 2758 5:00 - TAST 1930 Jun 21 # Tashkent Time 2759 6:00 RussiaAsia TAS%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00 2760 5:00 RussiaAsia TAS%sT 1991 Sep 1 # independence 2761 5:00 RussiaAsia UZ%sT 1992 2762 5:00 - UZT 2763 2764 # Vietnam 2765 2766 # From Paul Eggert (2013-02-21): 2767 # Milne gives 7:16:56 for the meridian of Saigon in 1899, as being 2768 # used in Lower Laos, Cambodia, and Annam. But this is quite a ways 2769 # from Saigon's location. For now, ignore this and stick with Shanks 2770 # and Pottenger. 2771 2772 # From Arthur David Olson (2008-03-18): 2773 # The English-language name of Vietnam's most populous city is "Ho Chi Minh 2774 # City"; use Ho_Chi_Minh below to avoid a name of more than 14 characters. 2775 2776 # From Shanks & Pottenger: 2777 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2778 Zone Asia/Ho_Chi_Minh 7:06:40 - LMT 1906 Jun 9 2779 7:06:20 - SMT 1911 Mar 11 0:01 # Saigon MT? 2780 7:00 - ICT 1912 May 2781 8:00 - ICT 1931 May 2782 7:00 - ICT 2783 2784 # Yemen 2785 2786 # Milne says 2:59:54 was the meridian of the saluting battery at Aden, 2787 # and that Yemen was at 1:55:56, the meridian of the Hagia Sophia. 2788 2789 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2790 Zone Asia/Aden 2:59:54 - LMT 1950 2791 3:00 - AST 2792
Indexes created Tue Oct 27 00:25:24 UTC 2026