asia revision 1.13
1 # tzdb data for Asia and environs 2 3 # This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of 4 # 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson. 5 6 # This file is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better, 7 # go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to 8 # tz (a] iana.org for general use in the future). For more, please see 9 # the file CONTRIBUTING in the tz distribution. 10 11 # From Paul Eggert (2019-07-11): 12 # 13 # Unless otherwise specified, the source for data through 1990 is: 14 # Thomas G. Shanks and Rique Pottenger, The International Atlas (6th edition), 15 # San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (2003). 16 # Unfortunately this book contains many errors and cites no sources. 17 # 18 # Many years ago Gwillim Law wrote that a good source 19 # for time zone data was the International Air Transport 20 # Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM), 21 # published semiannually. Law sent in several helpful summaries 22 # of the IATA's data after 1990. Except where otherwise noted, 23 # IATA SSIM is the source for entries after 1990. 24 # 25 # Another source occasionally used is Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences, 26 # Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated), which 27 # I found in the UCLA library. 28 # 29 # For data circa 1899, a common source is: 30 # Milne J. Civil time. Geogr J. 1899 Feb;13(2):173-94. 31 # https://www.jstor.org/stable/1774359 32 # 33 # For Russian data circa 1919, a source is: 34 # Byalokoz EL. New Counting of Time in Russia since July 1, 1919. 35 # (See the 'europe' file for a fuller citation.) 36 # 37 # The following alphabetic abbreviations appear in these tables 38 # (corrections are welcome): 39 # std dst 40 # LMT Local Mean Time 41 # 2:00 EET EEST Eastern European Time 42 # 2:00 IST IDT Israel 43 # 5:30 IST India 44 # 7:00 WIB west Indonesia (Waktu Indonesia Barat) 45 # 8:00 WITA central Indonesia (Waktu Indonesia Tengah) 46 # 8:00 CST China 47 # 8:00 HKT HKST Hong Kong (HKWT* for Winter Time in late 1941) 48 # 8:00 PST PDT* Philippines 49 # 8:30 KST KDT Korea when at +0830 50 # 9:00 WIT east Indonesia (Waktu Indonesia Timur) 51 # 9:00 JST JDT Japan 52 # 9:00 KST KDT Korea when at +09 53 # *I invented the abbreviations HKWT and PDT; see below. 54 # Otherwise, these tables typically use numeric abbreviations like +03 55 # and +0330 for integer hour and minute UT offsets. Although earlier 56 # editions invented alphabetic time zone abbreviations for every 57 # offset, this did not reflect common practice. 58 # 59 # See the 'europe' file for Russia and Turkey in Asia. 60 61 # From Guy Harris: 62 # Incorporates data for Singapore from Robert Elz' asia 1.1, as well as 63 # additional information from Tom Yap, Sun Microsystems Intercontinental 64 # Technical Support (including a page from the Official Airline Guide - 65 # Worldwide Edition). 66 67 ############################################################################### 68 69 # These rules are stolen from the 'europe' file. 70 # Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 71 Rule EUAsia 1981 max - Mar lastSun 1:00u 1:00 S 72 Rule EUAsia 1979 1995 - Sep lastSun 1:00u 0 - 73 Rule EUAsia 1996 max - Oct lastSun 1:00u 0 - 74 Rule E-EurAsia 1981 max - Mar lastSun 0:00 1:00 - 75 Rule E-EurAsia 1979 1995 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 - 76 Rule E-EurAsia 1996 max - Oct lastSun 0:00 0 - 77 Rule RussiaAsia 1981 1984 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 - 78 Rule RussiaAsia 1981 1983 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 79 Rule RussiaAsia 1984 1995 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 - 80 Rule RussiaAsia 1985 2010 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 81 Rule RussiaAsia 1996 2010 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 0 - 82 83 # Afghanistan 84 # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 85 Zone Asia/Kabul 4:36:48 - LMT 1890 86 4:00 - %z 1945 87 4:30 - %z 88 89 # Armenia 90 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 91 # Shanks & Pottenger have Yerevan switching to 3:00 (with Russian DST) 92 # in spring 1991, then to 4:00 with no DST in fall 1995, then 93 # readopting Russian DST in 1997. Go with Shanks & Pottenger, even 94 # when they disagree with others. Edgar Der-Danieliantz 95 # reported (1996-05-04) that Yerevan probably wouldn't use DST 96 # in 1996, though it did use DST in 1995. IATA SSIM (1991/1998) reports that 97 # Armenia switched from 3:00 to 4:00 in 1998 and observed DST after 1991, 98 # but started switching at 3:00s in 1998. 99 100 # From Arthur David Olson (2011-06-15): 101 # While Russia abandoned DST in 2011, Armenia may choose to 102 # follow Russia's "old" rules. 103 104 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2012-02-10): 105 # According to News Armenia, on Feb 9, 2012, 106 # http://newsarmenia.ru/society/20120209/42609695.html 107 # 108 # The Armenia National Assembly adopted final reading of Amendments to the 109 # Law "On procedure of calculation time on the territory of the Republic of 110 # Armenia" according to which Armenia [is] abolishing Daylight Saving Time. 111 # or 112 # (brief) 113 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_armenia03.html 114 # Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 115 Rule Armenia 2011 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 116 Rule Armenia 2011 only - Oct lastSun 2:00s 0 - 117 # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 118 Zone Asia/Yerevan 2:58:00 - LMT 1924 May 2 119 3:00 - %z 1957 Mar 120 4:00 RussiaAsia %z 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 121 3:00 RussiaAsia %z 1995 Sep 24 2:00s 122 4:00 - %z 1997 123 4:00 RussiaAsia %z 2011 124 4:00 Armenia %z 125 126 # Azerbaijan 127 128 # From Rustam Aliyev of the Azerbaijan Internet Forum (2005-10-23): 129 # According to the resolution of Cabinet of Ministers, 1997 130 # From Paul Eggert (2015-09-17): It was Resolution No. 21 (1997-03-17). 131 # http://code.az/files/daylight_res.pdf 132 133 # From Steffen Thorsen (2016-03-17): 134 # ... the Azerbaijani Cabinet of Ministers has cancelled switching to 135 # daylight saving time.... 136 # https://www.azernews.az/azerbaijan/94137.html 137 # http://vestnikkavkaza.net/news/Azerbaijani-Cabinet-of-Ministers-cancels-daylight-saving-time.html 138 # http://en.apa.az/xeber_azerbaijan_abolishes_daylight_savings_ti_240862.html 139 140 # Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 141 Rule Azer 1997 2015 - Mar lastSun 4:00 1:00 - 142 Rule Azer 1997 2015 - Oct lastSun 5:00 0 - 143 # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 144 Zone Asia/Baku 3:19:24 - LMT 1924 May 2 145 3:00 - %z 1957 Mar 146 4:00 RussiaAsia %z 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 147 3:00 RussiaAsia %z 1992 Sep lastSun 2:00s 148 4:00 - %z 1996 149 4:00 EUAsia %z 1997 150 4:00 Azer %z 151 152 # Bahrain 153 # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 154 Zone Asia/Bahrain 3:22:20 - LMT 1941 Jul 20 # Manamah 155 3:30 - +0330 1944 Jan 1 156 4:00 - +04 1972 Jun 157 3:00 - +03 158 159 # Bangladesh 160 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-05-13): 161 # According to newspaper Asian Tribune (May 6, 2009) Bangladesh may introduce 162 # Daylight Saving Time from June 16 to Sept 30 163 # 164 # Bangladesh to introduce daylight saving time likely from June 16 165 # http://www.asiantribune.com/?q=node/17288 166 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_bangladesh02.html 167 # 168 # "... Bangladesh government has decided to switch daylight saving time from 169 # June 170 # 16 till September 30 in a bid to ensure maximum use of daylight to cope with 171 # crippling power crisis. " 172 # 173 # The switch will remain in effect from June 16 to Sept 30 (2009) but if 174 # implemented the next year, it will come in force from April 1, 2010 175 176 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-06-02): 177 # They have finally decided now, but changed the start date to midnight between 178 # the 19th and 20th, and they have not set the end date yet. 179 # 180 # Some sources: 181 # https://in.reuters.com/article/southAsiaNews/idINIndia-40017620090601 182 # http://bdnews24.com/details.php?id=85889&cid=2 183 # 184 # Our wrap-up: 185 # https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/bangladesh-daylight-saving-2009.html 186 187 # From A. N. M. Kamrus Saadat (2009-06-15): 188 # Finally we've got the official mail regarding DST start time where DST start 189 # time is mentioned as Jun 19 2009, 23:00 from BTRC (Bangladesh 190 # Telecommunication Regulatory Commission). 191 # 192 # No DST end date has been announced yet. 193 194 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-09-25): 195 # Bangladesh won't go back to Standard Time from October 1, 2009, 196 # instead it will continue DST measure till the cabinet makes a fresh decision. 197 # 198 # Following report by same newspaper-"The Daily Star Friday": 199 # "DST change awaits cabinet decision-Clock won't go back by 1-hr from Oct 1" 200 # http://www.thedailystar.net/newDesign/news-details.php?nid=107021 201 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_bangladesh04.html 202 203 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-10-13): 204 # IANS (Indo-Asian News Service) now reports: 205 # Bangladesh has decided that the clock advanced by an hour to make 206 # maximum use of daylight hours as an energy saving measure would 207 # "continue for an indefinite period." 208 # 209 # One of many places where it is published: 210 # http://www.thaindian.com/newsportal/business/bangladesh-to-continue-indefinitely-with-advanced-time_100259987.html 211 212 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-12-24): 213 # According to Bangladesh newspaper "The Daily Star," 214 # Bangladesh will change its clock back to Standard Time on Dec 31, 2009. 215 # 216 # Clock goes back 1-hr on Dec 31 night. 217 # http://www.thedailystar.net/newDesign/news-details.php?nid=119228 218 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_bangladesh05.html 219 # 220 # "...The government yesterday decided to put the clock back by one hour 221 # on December 31 midnight and the new time will continue until March 31, 222 # 2010 midnight. The decision came at a cabinet meeting at the Prime 223 # Minister's Office last night..." 224 225 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2010-03-22): 226 # According to Bangladesh newspaper "The Daily Star," 227 # Cabinet cancels Daylight Saving Time 228 # http://www.thedailystar.net/newDesign/latest_news.php?nid=22817 229 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_bangladesh06.html 230 231 # Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 232 Rule Dhaka 2009 only - Jun 19 23:00 1:00 - 233 Rule Dhaka 2009 only - Dec 31 24:00 0 - 234 235 # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 236 Zone Asia/Dhaka 6:01:40 - LMT 1890 237 5:53:20 - HMT 1941 Oct # Howrah Mean Time? 238 6:30 - %z 1942 May 15 239 5:30 - %z 1942 Sep 240 6:30 - %z 1951 Sep 30 241 6:00 - %z 2009 242 6:00 Dhaka %z 243 244 # Bhutan 245 # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 246 Zone Asia/Thimphu 5:58:36 - LMT 1947 Aug 15 # or Thimbu 247 5:30 - %z 1987 Oct 248 6:00 - %z 249 250 # British Indian Ocean Territory 251 # Whitman and the 1995 CIA time zone map say 5:00, but the 252 # 1997 and later maps say 6:00. Assume the switch occurred in 1996. 253 # We have no information as to when standard time was introduced; 254 # assume it occurred in 1907, the same year as Mauritius (which 255 # then contained the Chagos Archipelago). 256 # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 257 Zone Indian/Chagos 4:49:40 - LMT 1907 258 5:00 - %z 1996 259 6:00 - %z 260 261 # Brunei 262 # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 263 Zone Asia/Brunei 7:39:40 - LMT 1926 Mar # Bandar Seri Begawan 264 7:30 - +0730 1933 265 8:00 - +08 266 267 # Myanmar (Burma) 268 269 # Milne says 6:24:40 was the meridian of the time ball observatory at Rangoon. 270 271 # From Paul Eggert (2017-04-20): 272 # Page 27 of Reed & Low (cited for Asia/Kolkata) says "Rangoon local time is 273 # used upon the railways and telegraphs of Burma, and is 6h. 24m. 47s. ahead 274 # of Greenwich." This refers to the period before Burma's transition to +0630, 275 # a transition for which Shanks is the only source. 276 277 # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 278 Zone Asia/Yangon 6:24:47 - LMT 1880 # or Rangoon 279 6:24:47 - RMT 1920 # Rangoon local time 280 6:30 - %z 1942 May 281 9:00 - %z 1945 May 3 282 6:30 - %z 283 284 # Cambodia 285 # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 286 Zone Asia/Phnom_Penh 6:59:40 - LMT 1906 Jul 1 287 7:06:30 - PLMT 1911 May 1 288 7:00 - +07 1942 Dec 31 23:00 289 8:00 - +08 1945 Mar 14 23:00 290 9:00 - +09 1945 Sep 2 291 7:00 - +07 292 293 # China 294 295 # From Phake Nick (2020-04-15): 296 # According to this news report: 297 # http://news.sina.com.cn/c/2004-09-01/19524201403.shtml 298 # on April 11, 1919, newspaper in Shanghai said clocks in Shanghai will spring 299 # forward for an hour starting from midnight of that Saturday. The report did 300 # not mention what happened in Shanghai thereafter, but it mentioned that a 301 # similar trial in Tianjin which ended at October 1st as citizens are told to 302 # recede the clock on September 30 from 12:00pm to 11:00pm. The trial at 303 # Tianjin got terminated in 1920. 304 # 305 # From Paul Eggert (2020-04-15): 306 # The Returns of Trade and Trade Reports, page 711, says "Daylight saving was 307 # given a trial during the year, and from the 12th April to the 1st October 308 # the clocks were all set one hour ahead of sun time. Though the scheme was 309 # generally esteemed a success, it was announced early in 1920 that it would 310 # not be repeated." 311 # 312 # Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 313 Rule Shang 1919 only - Apr 12 24:00 1:00 D 314 Rule Shang 1919 only - Sep 30 24:00 0 S 315 316 # From Paul Eggert (2018-10-02): 317 # The following comes from Table 1 of: 318 # Li Yu. Research on the daylight saving movement in 1940s Shanghai. 319 # Nanjing Journal of Social Sciences. 2014;(2):144-50. 320 # http://oversea.cnki.net/kns55/detail.aspx?dbname=CJFD2014&filename=NJSH201402020 321 # The table lists dates only; I am guessing 00:00 and 24:00 transition times. 322 # Also, the table lists the planned end of DST in 1949, but the corresponding 323 # zone line cuts this off on May 28, when the Communists took power. 324 325 # From Phake Nick (2020-04-15): 326 # 327 # For the history of time in Shanghai between 1940-1942, the situation is 328 # actually slightly more complex than the table [below].... At the time, 329 # there were three different authorities in Shanghai, including Shanghai 330 # International Settlement, a settlement established by western countries with 331 # its own westernized form of government, Shanghai French Concession, similar 332 # to the international settlement but is controlled by French, and then the 333 # rest of the city of Shanghai, which have already been controlled by Japanese 334 # force through a puppet local government (Wang Jingwei regime). It was 335 # additionally complicated by the circumstances that, according to the 1940s 336 # Shanghai summer time essay cited in the database, some 337 # departments/businesses/people in the Shanghai city itself during that time 338 # period, refused to change their clock and instead only changed their opening 339 # hours. 340 # 341 # For example, as quoted in the article, in 1940, other than the authority 342 # itself, power, tram, bus companies, cinema, department stores, and other 343 # public service organizations have all decided to follow the summer time and 344 # spring forward the clock. On the other hand, the custom office refused to 345 # spring forward the clock because of worry on mechanical wear to the physical 346 # clock, postal office refused to spring forward because of disruption to 347 # business and log-keeping, although they did changed their office hour to 348 # match rest of the city. So is travel agents, and also weather 349 # observatory. It is said both time standards had their own supporters in the 350 # city at the time, those who prefer new time standard would have moved their 351 # clock while those who prefer the old time standard would keep their clock 352 # unchange, and there were different clocks that use different time standard 353 # in the city at the time for people who use different time standard to adjust 354 # their clock to their preferred time. 355 # 356 # a. For the 1940 May 31 spring forward, the essay [says] ... "Hong 357 # Kong government implemented the spring forward in the same time on 358 # the same date as Shanghai". 359 # 360 # b. For the 1940 fall back, it was said that they initially intended to do 361 # so on September 30 00:59 at night, however they postponed it to October 12 362 # after discussion with relevant parties. However schools restored to the 363 # original schedule ten days earlier. 364 # 365 # c. For the 1941 spring forward, it is said to start from March 15 366 # "following the previous year's method", and in addition to that the essay 367 # cited an announcement in 1941 from the Wang regime which said the Special 368 # City of Shanghai under Wang regime control will follow the DST rule set by 369 # the Settlements, irrespective of the original DST plan announced by the Wang 370 # regime for other area under its control(April 1 to September 30). (no idea 371 # to situation before that announcement) 372 # 373 # d. For the 1941 fall back, it was said that the fall back would occurs at 374 # the end of September (A newspaper headline cited by the essay, published on 375 # October 1, 1941, have the headlines which said "French Concession would 376 # rewind to the old clock this morning), but it ultimately didn't happen due 377 # to disagreement between the international settlement authority and the 378 # French concession authority, and the fall back ultimately occurred on 379 # November 1. 380 # 381 # e. In 1941 December, Japan have officially started war with the United 382 # States and the United Kingdom, and in Shanghai they have marched into the 383 # international settlement, taken over its control 384 # 385 # f. For the 1942 spring forward, the essay said that the spring forward 386 # started on January 31. It said this time the custom office and postal 387 # department will also change their clocks, unlike before. 388 # 389 # g. The essay itself didn't cover any specific changes thereafter until the 390 # end of the war, it quoted a November 1942 command from the government of the 391 # Wang regime, which claim the daylight saving time applies year round during 392 # the war. However, the essay ambiguously said the period is "February 1 to 393 # September 30", which I don't really understand what is the meaning of such 394 # period in the context of year round implementation here.. More researches 395 # might be needed to show exactly what happened during that period of time. 396 397 # From Phake Nick (2020-04-15): 398 # According to a Japanese tour bus pamphlet in Nanjing area believed to be 399 # from around year 1941: http://www.tt-museum.jp/tairiku_0280_nan1941.html , 400 # the schedule listed was in the format of Japanese time. Which indicate some 401 # use of the Japanese time (instead of syncing by DST) might have occurred in 402 # the Yangtze river delta area during that period of time although the scope 403 # of such use will need to be investigated to determine. 404 # 405 # Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 406 Rule Shang 1940 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 D 407 Rule Shang 1940 only - Oct 12 24:00 0 S 408 Rule Shang 1941 only - Mar 15 0:00 1:00 D 409 Rule Shang 1941 only - Nov 1 24:00 0 S 410 Rule Shang 1942 only - Jan 31 0:00 1:00 D 411 Rule Shang 1945 only - Sep 1 24:00 0 S 412 Rule Shang 1946 only - May 15 0:00 1:00 D 413 Rule Shang 1946 only - Sep 30 24:00 0 S 414 Rule Shang 1947 only - Apr 15 0:00 1:00 D 415 Rule Shang 1947 only - Oct 31 24:00 0 S 416 Rule Shang 1948 1949 - May 1 0:00 1:00 D 417 Rule Shang 1948 1949 - Sep 30 24:00 0 S #plan 418 419 # From Guy Harris: 420 # People's Republic of China. Yes, they really have only one time zone. 421 422 # From Bob Devine (1988-01-28): 423 # No they don't. See TIME mag, 1986-02-17 p.52. Even though 424 # China is across 4 physical time zones, before Feb 1, 1986 only the 425 # Peking (Beijing) time zone was recognized. Since that date, China 426 # has two of 'em - Peking's and rmqi (named after the capital of 427 # the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region). I don't know about DST for it. 428 # 429 # . . .I just deleted the DST table and this editor makes it too 430 # painful to suck in another copy. So, here is what I have for 431 # DST start/end dates for Peking's time zone (info from AP): 432 # 433 # 1986 May 4 - Sept 14 434 # 1987 mid-April - ?? 435 436 # From U. S. Naval Observatory (1989-01-19): 437 # CHINA 8 H AHEAD OF UTC ALL OF CHINA, INCL TAIWAN 438 # CHINA 9 H AHEAD OF UTC APR 17 - SEP 10 439 440 # From Paul Eggert (2008-02-11): 441 # Jim Mann, "A clumsy embrace for another western custom: China on daylight 442 # time - sort of", Los Angeles Times, 1986-05-05 ... [says] that China began 443 # observing daylight saving time in 1986. 444 445 # From P Chan (2018-05-07): 446 # The start and end time of DST in China [from 1986 on] should be 2:00 447 # (i.e. 2:00 to 3:00 at the start and 2:00 to 1:00 at the end).... 448 # Government notices about summer time: 449 # 450 # 1986-04-12 http://www.zj.gov.cn/attach/zfgb/198608.pdf p.21-22 451 # (To establish summer time from 1986. On 4 May, set the clocks ahead one hour 452 # at 2 am. On 14 September, set the clocks backward one hour at 2 am.) 453 # 454 # 1987-02-15 http://www.gov.cn/gongbao/shuju/1987/gwyb198703.pdf p.114 455 # (Summer time in 1987 to start from 12 April until 13 September) 456 # 457 # 1987-09-09 http://www.gov.cn/gongbao/shuju/1987/gwyb198721.pdf p.709 458 # (From 1988, summer time to start from 2 am of the first Sunday of mid-April 459 # until 2 am of the first Sunday of mid-September) 460 # 461 # 1992-03-03 http://www.gov.cn/gongbao/shuju/1992/gwyb199205.pdf p.152 462 # (To suspend summer time from 1992) 463 # 464 # The first page of People's Daily on 12 April 1988 stating that summer time 465 # to begin on 17 April. 466 # http://data.people.com.cn/pic/101p/1988/04/1988041201.jpg 467 468 # Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 469 Rule PRC 1986 only - May 4 2:00 1:00 D 470 Rule PRC 1986 1991 - Sep Sun>=11 2:00 0 S 471 Rule PRC 1987 1991 - Apr Sun>=11 2:00 1:00 D 472 473 # From Anthony Fok (2001-12-20): 474 # BTW, I did some research on-line and found some info regarding these five 475 # historic timezones from some Taiwan websites. And yes, there are official 476 # Chinese names for these locales (before 1949). 477 # 478 # From Jesper Nrgaard Welen (2006-07-14): 479 # I have investigated the timezones around 1970 on the 480 # https://www.astro.com/atlas site [with provinces and county 481 # boundaries summarized below].... A few other exceptions were two 482 # counties on the Sichuan side of the Xizang-Sichuan border, 483 # counties Dege and Baiyu which lies on the Sichuan side and are 484 # therefore supposed to be GMT+7, Xizang region being GMT+6, but Dege 485 # county is GMT+8 according to astro.com while Baiyu county is GMT+6 486 # (could be true), for the moment I am assuming that those two 487 # counties are mistakes in the astro.com data. 488 489 # From Paul Eggert (2017-01-05): 490 # Alois Treindl kindly sent me translations of the following two sources: 491 # 492 # (1) 493 # Guo Qing-sheng (National Time-Service Center, CAS, Xi'an 710600, China) 494 # Beijing Time at the Beginning of the PRC 495 # China Historical Materials of Science and Technology 496 # (Zhongguo ke ji shi liao, ). 2003;24(1):5-9. 497 # http://oversea.cnki.net/kcms/detail/detail.aspx?filename=ZGKS200301000&dbname=CJFD2003 498 # It gives evidence that at the beginning of the PRC, Beijing time was 499 # officially apparent solar time! However, Guo also says that the 500 # evidence is dubious, as the relevant institute of astronomy had not 501 # been taken over by the PRC yet. It's plausible that apparent solar 502 # time was announced but never implemented, and that people continued 503 # to use UT+8. As the Shanghai radio station (and I presume the 504 # observatory) was still under control of French missionaries, it 505 # could well have ignored any such mandate. 506 # 507 # (2) 508 # Guo Qing-sheng (Shaanxi Astronomical Observatory, CAS, Xi'an 710600, China) 509 # A Study on the Standard Time Changes for the Past 100 Years in China 510 # [undated and unknown publication location] 511 # It says several things: 512 # * The Qing dynasty used local apparent solar time throughout China. 513 # * The Republic of China instituted Beijing mean solar time effective 514 # the official calendar book of 1914. 515 # * The French Concession in Shanghai set up signal stations in 516 # French docks in the 1890s, controlled by Xujiahui (Zikawei) 517 # Observatory and set to local mean time. 518 # * "From the end of the 19th century" it changed to UT+8. 519 # * Chinese Customs (by then reduced to a tool of foreign powers) 520 # eventually standardized on this time for all ports, and it 521 # became used by railways as well. 522 # * In 1918 the Central Observatory proposed dividing China into 523 # five time zones (see below for details). This caught on 524 # at first only in coastal areas observing UT+8. 525 # * During WWII all of China was in theory was at UT+7. In practice 526 # this was ignored in the west, and I presume was ignored in 527 # Japanese-occupied territory. 528 # * Japanese-occupied Manchuria was at UT+9, i.e., Japan time. 529 # * The five-zone plan was resurrected after WWII and officially put into 530 # place (with some modifications) in March 1948. It's not clear 531 # how well it was observed in areas under Nationalist control. 532 # * The People's Liberation Army used UT+8 during the civil war. 533 # 534 # An AP article "Shanghai Internat'l Area Little Changed" in the 535 # Lewiston (ME) Daily Sun (1939-05-29), p 17, said "Even the time is 536 # different - the occupied districts going by Tokyo time, an hour 537 # ahead of that prevailing in the rest of Shanghai." Guess that the 538 # Xujiahui Observatory was under French control and stuck with UT +08. 539 # 540 # In earlier versions of this file, China had many separate Zone entries, but 541 # this was based on what were apparently incorrect data in Shanks & Pottenger. 542 # This has now been simplified to the two entries Asia/Shanghai and 543 # Asia/Urumqi, with the others being links for backward compatibility. 544 # Proposed in 1918 and theoretically in effect until 1949 (although in practice 545 # mainly observed in coastal areas), the five zones were: 546 # 547 # Changbai Time ("Long-white Time", Long-white = Heilongjiang area) UT +08:30 548 # Now part of Asia/Shanghai; its pre-1970 times are not recorded here. 549 # Heilongjiang (except Mohe county), Jilin 550 # 551 # Zhongyuan Time ("Central plain Time") UT +08 552 # Now part of Asia/Shanghai. 553 # most of China 554 # Milne gives 8:05:43.2 for Xujiahui Observatory time.... 555 # Guo says Shanghai switched to UT +08 "from the end of the 19th century". 556 # 557 # Long-shu Time (probably as Long and Shu were two names of the area) UT +07 558 # Now part of Asia/Shanghai; its pre-1970 times are not recorded here. 559 # Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Ningxia, Sichuan, Shaanxi, and Yunnan; 560 # most of Gansu; west Inner Mongolia; east Qinghai; and the Guangdong 561 # counties Deqing, Enping, Kaiping, Luoding, Taishan, Xinxing, 562 # Yangchun, Yangjiang, Yu'nan, and Yunfu. 563 # 564 # Xin-zang Time ("Xinjiang-Tibet Time") UT +06 565 # This region is now part of either Asia/Urumqi or Asia/Shanghai with 566 # current boundaries uncertain; times before 1970 for areas that 567 # disagree with rmqi or Shanghai are not recorded here. 568 # The Gansu counties Aksay, Anxi, Dunhuang, Subei; west Qinghai; 569 # the Guangdong counties Xuwen, Haikang, Suixi, Lianjiang, 570 # Zhanjiang, Wuchuan, Huazhou, Gaozhou, Maoming, Dianbai, and Xinyi; 571 # east Tibet, including Lhasa, Chamdo, Shigaise, Jimsar, Shawan and Hutubi; 572 # east Xinjiang, including rmqi, Turpan, Karamay, Korla, Minfeng, Jinghe, 573 # Wusu, Qiemo, Xinyan, Wulanwusu, Jinghe, Yumin, Tacheng, Tuoli, Emin, 574 # Shihezi, Changji, Yanqi, Heshuo, Tuokexun, Tulufan, Shanshan, Hami, 575 # Fukang, Kuitun, Kumukuli, Miquan, Qitai, and Turfan. 576 # 577 # Kunlun Time UT +05:30 578 # This region is now in the same status as Xin-zang Time (see above). 579 # West Tibet, including Pulan, Aheqi, Shufu, Shule; 580 # West Xinjiang, including Aksu, Atushi, Yining, Hetian, Cele, Luopu, Nileke, 581 # Zhaosu, Tekesi, Gongliu, Chabuchaer, Huocheng, Bole, Pishan, Suiding, 582 # and Yarkand. 583 584 # From Luther Ma (2009-10-17): 585 # Almost all (>99.9%) ethnic Chinese (properly ethnic Han) living in 586 # Xinjiang use Chinese Standard Time. Some are aware of Xinjiang time, 587 # but have no need of it. All planes, trains, and schools function on 588 # what is called "Beijing time." When Han make an appointment in Chinese 589 # they implicitly use Beijing time. 590 # 591 # On the other hand, ethnic Uyghurs, who make up about half the 592 # population of Xinjiang, typically use "Xinjiang time" which is two 593 # hours behind Beijing time, or UT +06. The government of the Xinjiang 594 # Uyghur Autonomous Region, (XAUR, or just Xinjiang for short) as well as 595 # local governments such as the rmqi city government use both times in 596 # publications, referring to what is popularly called Xinjiang time as 597 # "rmqi time." When Uyghurs make an appointment in the Uyghur language 598 # they almost invariably use Xinjiang time. 599 # 600 # (Their ethnic Han compatriots would typically have no clue of its 601 # widespread use, however, because so extremely few of them are fluent in 602 # Uyghur, comparable to the number of Anglo-Americans fluent in Navajo.) 603 # 604 # (...As with the rest of China there was a brief interval ending in 1990 605 # or 1991 when summer time was in use. The confusion was severe, with 606 # the province not having dual times but four times in use at the same 607 # time. Some areas remained on standard Xinjiang time or Beijing time and 608 # others moving their clocks ahead.) 609 610 # From Luther Ma (2009-11-19): 611 # With the risk of being redundant to previous answers these are the most common 612 # English "transliterations" (w/o using non-English symbols): 613 # 614 # 1. Wulumuqi... 615 # 2. Kashi... 616 # 3. Urumqi... 617 # 4. Kashgar... 618 # ... 619 # 5. It seems that Uyghurs in rmqi has been using Xinjiang since at least the 620 # 1960's. I know of one Han, now over 50, who grew up in the surrounding 621 # countryside and used Xinjiang time as a child. 622 # 623 # 6. Likewise for Kashgar and the rest of south Xinjiang I don't know of any 624 # start date for Xinjiang time. 625 # 626 # Without having access to local historical records, nor the ability to legally 627 # publish them, I would go with October 1, 1949, when Xinjiang became the Uyghur 628 # Autonomous Region under the PRC. (Before that Uyghurs, of course, would also 629 # not be using Beijing time, but some local time.) 630 631 # From David Cochrane (2014-03-26): 632 # Just a confirmation that rmqi time was implemented in rmqi on 1 Feb 1986: 633 # https://content.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,960684,00.html 634 635 # From Luther Ma (2014-04-22): 636 # I have interviewed numerous people of various nationalities and from 637 # different localities in Xinjiang and can confirm the information in Guo's 638 # report regarding Xinjiang, as well as the Time article reference by David 639 # Cochrane. Whether officially recognized or not (and both are officially 640 # recognized), two separate times have been in use in Xinjiang since at least 641 # the Cultural Revolution: Xinjiang Time (XJT), aka rmqi Time or local time; 642 # and Beijing Time. There is no confusion in Xinjiang as to which name refers 643 # to which time. Both are widely used in the province, although in some 644 # population groups might be use one to the exclusion of the other. The only 645 # problem is that computers and smart phones list rmqi (or Kashgar) as 646 # having the same time as Beijing. 647 648 # From Paul Eggert (2014-06-30): 649 # In the early days of the PRC, Tibet was given its own time zone (UT +06) 650 # but this was withdrawn in 1959 and never reinstated; see Tubten Khtsun, 651 # Memories of life in Lhasa under Chinese Rule, Columbia U Press, ISBN 652 # 978-0231142861 (2008), translator's introduction by Matthew Akester, p x. 653 # As this is before our 1970 cutoff, Tibet doesn't need a separate zone. 654 # 655 # Xinjiang Time is well-documented as being officially recognized. E.g., see 656 # "The Working-Calendar for The Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Government" 657 # <http://www.sinkiang.gov.cn/service/ourworking/> (2014-04-22). 658 # Unfortunately, we have no good records of time in Xinjiang before 1986. 659 # During the 20th century parts of Xinjiang were ruled by the Qing dynasty, 660 # the Republic of China, various warlords, the First and Second East Turkestan 661 # Republics, the Soviet Union, the Kuomintang, and the People's Republic of 662 # China, and tracking down all these organizations' timekeeping rules would be 663 # quite a trick. Approximate this lost history by a transition from LMT to 664 # UT +06 at the start of 1928, the year of accession of the warlord Jin Shuren, 665 # which happens to be the date given by Shanks & Pottenger (no doubt as a 666 # guess) as the transition from LMT. Ignore the usage of +08 before 667 # 1986-02-01 under the theory that the transition date to +08 is unknown and 668 # that the sort of users who prefer Asia/Urumqi now typically ignored the 669 # +08 mandate back then. 670 671 # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 672 # Beijing time, used throughout China; represented by Shanghai. 673 #STDOFF 8:05:43.2 674 Zone Asia/Shanghai 8:05:43 - LMT 1901 675 8:00 Shang C%sT 1949 May 28 676 8:00 PRC C%sT 677 # Xinjiang time, used by many in western China; represented by rmqi / rmchi 678 # / Wulumuqi. (Please use Asia/Shanghai if you prefer Beijing time.) 679 Zone Asia/Urumqi 5:50:20 - LMT 1928 680 6:00 - %z 681 682 # Hong Kong 683 684 # Milne gives 7:36:41.7. 685 686 # From Lee Yiu Chung (2009-10-24): 687 # I found there are some mistakes for the...DST rule for Hong 688 # Kong. [According] to the DST record from Hong Kong Observatory (actually, 689 # it is not [an] observatory, but the official meteorological agency of HK, 690 # and also serves as the official timing agency), there are some missing 691 # and incorrect rules. Although the exact switch over time is missing, I 692 # think 3:30 is correct. 693 694 # From Phake Nick (2018-10-27): 695 # According to Singaporean newspaper 696 # http://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/Digitised/Article/singfreepresswk19041102-1.2.37 697 # the day that Hong Kong start using GMT+8 should be Oct 30, 1904. 698 # 699 # From Paul Eggert (2018-11-17): 700 # Hong Kong had a time ball near the Marine Police Station, Tsim Sha Tsui. 701 # "The ball was raised manually each day and dropped at exactly 1pm 702 # (except on Sundays and Government holidays)." 703 # Dyson AD. From Time Ball to Atomic Clock. Hong Kong Government. 1983. 704 # <https://www.hko.gov.hk/publica/gen_pub/timeball_atomic_clock.pdf> 705 # "From 1904 October 30 the time-ball at Hong Kong has been dropped by order 706 # of the Governor of the Colony at 17h 0m 0s G.M.T., which is 23m 18s.14 in 707 # advance of 1h 0m 0s of Hong Kong mean time." 708 # Hollis HP. Universal Time, Longitudes, and Geodesy. Mon Not R Astron Soc. 709 # 1905-02-10;65(4):405-6. https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/65.4.382 710 # 711 # From Joseph Myers (2018-11-18): 712 # An astronomer before 1925 referring to GMT would have been using the old 713 # astronomical convention where the day started at noon, not midnight. 714 # 715 # From Steve Allen (2018-11-17): 716 # Meteorological Observations made at the Hongkong Observatory in the year 1904 717 # page 4 <https://books.google.com/books?id=kgw5AQAAMAAJ&pg=RA4-PA4> 718 # ... the log of drop times in Table II shows that on Sunday 1904-10-30 the 719 # ball was dropped. So that looks like a special case drop for the sake 720 # of broadcasting the new local time. 721 # 722 # From Phake Nick (2018-11-18): 723 # According to The Hong Kong Weekly Press, 1904-10-29, p.324, the 724 # governor of Hong Kong at the time stated that "We are further desired to 725 # make it known that the change will be effected by firing the gun and by the 726 # dropping of the Ball at 23min. 18sec. before one." 727 # From Paul Eggert (2018-11-18): 728 # See <https://mmis.hkpl.gov.hk> for this; unfortunately Flash is required. 729 730 # From Phake Nick (2018-10-26): 731 # I went to check microfilm records stored at Hong Kong Public Library.... 732 # on September 30 1941, according to Ta Kung Pao (Hong Kong edition), it was 733 # stated that fallback would occur on the next day (the 1st)'s "03:00 am (Hong 734 # Kong Time 04:00 am)" and the clock will fall back for a half hour. (03:00 735 # probably refer to the time commonly used in mainland China at the time given 736 # the paper's background) ... the sunrise/sunset time given by South China 737 # Morning Post for October 1st was indeed moved by half an hour compares to 738 # before. After that, in December, the battle to capture Hong Kong started and 739 # the library doesn't seems to have any record stored about press during that 740 # period of time. Some media resumed publication soon after that within the 741 # same month, but there were not much information about time there. Later they 742 # started including a radio program guide when they restored radio service, 743 # explicitly mentioning it use Tokyo standard time, and later added a note 744 # saying it's half an hour ahead of the old Hong Kong standard time, and it 745 # also seems to indicate that Hong Kong was not using GMT+8 when it was 746 # captured by Japan. 747 # 748 # Image of related sections on newspaper: 749 # * 1941-09-30, Ta Kung Pao (Hong Kong), "Winter Time start tomorrow". 750 # https://i.imgur.com/6waY51Z.jpg (Chinese) 751 # * 1941-09-29, South China Morning Post, Information on sunrise/sunset 752 # time and other things for September 30 and October 1. 753 # https://i.imgur.com/kCiUR78.jpg 754 # * 1942-02-05. The Hong Kong News, Radio Program Guide. 755 # https://i.imgur.com/eVvDMzS.jpg 756 # * 1941-06-14. Hong Kong Daily Press, Daylight Saving from 3am Tomorrow. 757 # https://i.imgur.com/05KkvtC.png 758 # * 1941-09-30, Hong Kong Daily Press, Winter Time Warning. 759 # https://i.imgur.com/dge4kFJ.png 760 761 # From Paul Eggert (2019-07-11): 762 # "Hong Kong winter time" is considered to be daylight saving. 763 # "Hong Kong had adopted daylight saving on June 15 as a wartime measure, 764 # clocks moving forward one hour until October 1, when they would be put back 765 # by just half an hour for 'Hong Kong Winter time', so that daylight saving 766 # operated year round." -- Low Z. The longest day: when wartime Hong Kong 767 # introduced daylight saving. South China Morning Post. 2019-06-28. 768 # https://www.scmp.com/magazines/post-magazine/short-reads/article/3016281/longest-day-when-wartime-hong-kong-introduced 769 770 # From P Chan (2018-12-31): 771 # * According to the Hong Kong Daylight-Saving Regulations, 1941, the 772 # 1941 spring-forward transition was at 03:00. 773 # http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkgro/view/g1941/304271.pdf 774 # http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkgro/view/g1941/305516.pdf 775 # * According to some articles from South China Morning Post, +08 was 776 # resumed on 1945-11-18 at 02:00. 777 # https://i.imgur.com/M2IsZ3c.png 778 # https://i.imgur.com/iOPqrVo.png 779 # https://i.imgur.com/fffcGDs.png 780 # * Some newspapers ... said the 1946 spring-forward transition was on 781 # 04-21 at 00:00. The Kung Sheung Evening News 1946-04-20 (Chinese) 782 # https://i.imgur.com/ZSzent0.png 783 # https://mmis.hkpl.gov.hk///c/portal/cover?c=QF757YsWv5%2FH7zGe%2FKF%2BFLYsuqGhRBfe p.4 784 # The Kung Sheung Daily News 1946-04-21 (Chinese) 785 # https://i.imgur.com/7ecmRlcm.png 786 # https://mmis.hkpl.gov.hk///c/portal/cover?c=QF757YsWv5%2BQBGt1%2BwUj5qG2GqtwR3Wh p.4 787 # * According to the Summer Time Ordinance (1946), the fallback 788 # transitions between 1946 and 1952 were at 03:30 Standard Time (+08) 789 # http://oelawhk.lib.hku.hk/archive/files/bb74b06a74d5294620a15de560ab33c6.pdf 790 # * Some other laws and regulations related to DST from 1953 to 1979 791 # Summer Time Ordinance 1953 792 # https://i.imgur.com/IOlJMav.jpg 793 # Summer Time (Amendment) Ordinance 1965 794 # https://i.imgur.com/8rofeLa.jpg 795 # Interpretation and General Clauses Ordinance (1966) 796 # https://i.imgur.com/joy3msj.jpg 797 # Emergency (Summer Time) Regulation 1973 <https://i.imgur.com/OpRWrKz.jpg> 798 # Interpretation and General Clauses (Amendment) Ordinance 1977 799 # https://i.imgur.com/RaNqnc4.jpg 800 # Resolution of the Legislative Council passed on 9 May 1979 801 # https://www.legco.gov.hk/yr78-79/english/lc_sitg/hansard/h790509.pdf#page=39 802 803 # From Paul Eggert (2020-04-15): 804 # Here are the dates given at 805 # https://www.hko.gov.hk/en/gts/time/Summertime.htm 806 # as of 2020-02-10: 807 # Year Period 808 # 1941 15 Jun to 30 Sep 809 # 1942 Whole year 810 # 1943 Whole year 811 # 1944 Whole year 812 # 1945 Whole year 813 # 1946 20 Apr to 1 Dec 814 # 1947 13 Apr to 30 Nov 815 # 1948 2 May to 31 Oct 816 # 1949 3 Apr to 30 Oct 817 # 1950 2 Apr to 29 Oct 818 # 1951 1 Apr to 28 Oct 819 # 1952 6 Apr to 2 Nov 820 # 1953 5 Apr to 1 Nov 821 # 1954 21 Mar to 31 Oct 822 # 1955 20 Mar to 6 Nov 823 # 1956 18 Mar to 4 Nov 824 # 1957 24 Mar to 3 Nov 825 # 1958 23 Mar to 2 Nov 826 # 1959 22 Mar to 1 Nov 827 # 1960 20 Mar to 6 Nov 828 # 1961 19 Mar to 5 Nov 829 # 1962 18 Mar to 4 Nov 830 # 1963 24 Mar to 3 Nov 831 # 1964 22 Mar to 1 Nov 832 # 1965 18 Apr to 17 Oct 833 # 1966 17 Apr to 16 Oct 834 # 1967 16 Apr to 22 Oct 835 # 1968 21 Apr to 20 Oct 836 # 1969 20 Apr to 19 Oct 837 # 1970 19 Apr to 18 Oct 838 # 1971 18 Apr to 17 Oct 839 # 1972 16 Apr to 22 Oct 840 # 1973 22 Apr to 21 Oct 841 # 1973/74 30 Dec 73 to 20 Oct 74 842 # 1975 20 Apr to 19 Oct 843 # 1976 18 Apr to 17 Oct 844 # 1977 Nil 845 # 1978 Nil 846 # 1979 13 May to 21 Oct 847 # 1980 to Now Nil 848 # The page does not give times of day for transitions, 849 # or dates for the 1942 and 1945 transitions. 850 # The Japanese occupation of Hong Kong began 1941-12-25. 851 852 # Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 853 Rule HK 1946 only - Apr 21 0:00 1:00 S 854 Rule HK 1946 only - Dec 1 3:30s 0 - 855 Rule HK 1947 only - Apr 13 3:30s 1:00 S 856 Rule HK 1947 only - Nov 30 3:30s 0 - 857 Rule HK 1948 only - May 2 3:30s 1:00 S 858 Rule HK 1948 1952 - Oct Sun>=28 3:30s 0 - 859 Rule HK 1949 1953 - Apr Sun>=1 3:30 1:00 S 860 Rule HK 1953 1964 - Oct Sun>=31 3:30 0 - 861 Rule HK 1954 1964 - Mar Sun>=18 3:30 1:00 S 862 Rule HK 1965 1976 - Apr Sun>=16 3:30 1:00 S 863 Rule HK 1965 1976 - Oct Sun>=16 3:30 0 - 864 Rule HK 1973 only - Dec 30 3:30 1:00 S 865 Rule HK 1979 only - May 13 3:30 1:00 S 866 Rule HK 1979 only - Oct 21 3:30 0 - 867 # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 868 #STDOFF 7:36:41.7 869 Zone Asia/Hong_Kong 7:36:42 - LMT 1904 Oct 29 17:00u 870 8:00 - HKT 1941 Jun 15 3:00 871 8:00 1:00 HKST 1941 Oct 1 4:00 872 8:00 0:30 HKWT 1941 Dec 25 873 9:00 - JST 1945 Nov 18 2:00 874 8:00 HK HK%sT 875 876 ############################################################################### 877 878 # Taiwan 879 880 # From smallufo (2010-04-03): 881 # According to Taiwan's CWB [Central Weather Bureau], 882 # http://www.cwb.gov.tw/V6/astronomy/cdata/summert.htm 883 # Taipei has DST in 1979 between July 1st and Sep 30. 884 885 # From Yu-Cheng Chuang (2013-07-12): 886 # On Dec 28, 1895, the Meiji Emperor announced Ordinance No. 167 of 887 # Meiji Year 28 "The clause about standard time", mentioned that 888 # Taiwan and Penghu Islands, as well as Yaeyama and Miyako Islands 889 # (both in Okinawa) adopt the Western Standard Time which is based on 890 # 120E. The adoption began from Jan 1, 1896. The original text can be 891 # found on Wikisource: 892 # https://ja.wikisource.org/wiki/_() 893 # ... This could be the first adoption of time zone in Taiwan, because 894 # during the Qing Dynasty, it seems that there was no time zone 895 # declared officially. 896 # 897 # Later, in the beginning of World War II, on Sep 25, 1937, the Showa 898 # Emperor announced Ordinance No. 529 of Showa Year 12 "The clause of 899 # revision in the ordinance No. 167 of Meiji year 28 about standard 900 # time", in which abolished the adoption of Western Standard Time in 901 # western islands (listed above), which means the whole Japan 902 # territory, including later occupations, adopt Japan Central Time 903 # (UT+9). The adoption began on Oct 1, 1937. The original text can 904 # be found on Wikisource: 905 # https://ja.wikisource.org/wiki/ 906 # 907 # That is, the time zone of Taipei switched to UT+9 on Oct 1, 1937. 908 909 # From Yu-Cheng Chuang (2014-07-02): 910 # I've found more evidence about when the time zone was switched from UT+9 911 # back to UT+8 after WW2. I believe it was on Sep 21, 1945. In a document 912 # during Japanese era [1] in which the officer told the staff to change time 913 # zone back to Western Standard Time (UT+8) on Sep 21. And in another 914 # history page of National Cheng Kung University [2], on Sep 21 there is a 915 # note "from today, switch back to Western Standard Time". From these two 916 # materials, I believe that the time zone change happened on Sep 21. And 917 # today I have found another monthly journal called "The Astronomical Herald" 918 # from The Astronomical Society of Japan [3] in which it mentioned the fact 919 # that: 920 # 921 # 1. Standard Time of the Country (Japan) was adopted on Jan 1, 1888, using 922 # the time at 135E (GMT+9) 923 # 924 # 2. Standard Time of the Country was renamed to Central Standard Time, on Jan 925 # 1, 1898, and on the same day, the new territories Taiwan and Penghu islands, 926 # as well as Yaeyama and Miyako islands, adopted a new time zone called 927 # Western Standard Time, which is in GMT+8. 928 # 929 # 3. Western Standard Time was deprecated on Sep 30, 1937. From then all the 930 # territories of Japan adopted the same time zone, which is Central Standard 931 # Time. 932 # 933 # [1] Academica Historica, Taiwan: 934 # http://163.29.208.22:8080/govsaleShowImage/connect_img.php?s=00101738900090036&e=00101738900090037 935 # [2] Nat'l Cheng Kung University 70th Anniversary Special Site: 936 # http://www.ncku.edu.tw/~ncku70/menu/001/01_01.htm 937 # [3] Yukio Niimi, The Standard Time in Japan (1997), p.475: 938 # http://www.asj.or.jp/geppou/archive_open/1997/pdf/19971001c.pdf 939 940 # Yu-Cheng Chuang (2014-07-03): 941 # I finally have found the real official gazette about changing back to 942 # Western Standard Time on Sep 21 in Taiwan. It's Taiwan Governor-General 943 # Bulletin No. 386 in Showa 20 years (1945), published on Sep 19, 1945. [1] ... 944 # [It] abolishes Bulletin No. 207 in Showa 12 years (1937), which is a local 945 # bulletin in Taiwan for that Ordinance No. 529. It also mentioned that 1am on 946 # Sep 21, 1945 will be 12am on Sep 21. I think this bulletin is much more 947 # official than the one I mentioned in my first mail, because it's from the 948 # top-level government in Taiwan. If you're going to quote any resource, this 949 # would be a good one. 950 # [1] Taiwan Governor-General Gazette, No. 1018, Sep 19, 1945: 951 # http://db2.th.gov.tw/db2/view/viewImg.php?imgcode=0072031018a&num=19&bgn=019&end=019&otherImg=&type=gener 952 953 # From Yu-Cheng Chuang (2014-07-02): 954 # In 1946, DST in Taiwan was from May 15 and ended on Sep 30. The info from 955 # Central Weather Bureau website was not correct. 956 # 957 # Original Bulletin: 958 # http://subtpg.tpg.gov.tw/og/image2.asp?f=03502F0AKM1AF 959 # http://subtpg.tpg.gov.tw/og/image2.asp?f=0350300AKM1B0 (cont.) 960 # 961 # In 1947, DST in Taiwan was expanded to Oct 31. There is a backup of that 962 # telegram announcement from Taiwan Province Government: 963 # 964 # http://subtpg.tpg.gov.tw/og/image2.asp?f=0360310AKZ431 965 # 966 # Here is a brief translation: 967 # 968 # The Summer Time this year is adopted from midnight Apr 15 until Sep 20 969 # midnight. To save (energy?) consumption, we're expanding Summer Time 970 # adoption till Oct 31 midnight. 971 # 972 # The Central Weather Bureau website didn't mention that, however it can 973 # be found from historical government announcement database. 974 975 # From Paul Eggert (2014-07-03): 976 # As per Yu-Cheng Chuang, say that Taiwan was at UT +09 from 1937-10-01 977 # until 1945-09-21 at 01:00, overriding Shanks & Pottenger. 978 # Likewise, use Yu-Cheng Chuang's data for DST in Taiwan. 979 980 # Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 981 Rule Taiwan 1946 only - May 15 0:00 1:00 D 982 Rule Taiwan 1946 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 S 983 Rule Taiwan 1947 only - Apr 15 0:00 1:00 D 984 Rule Taiwan 1947 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 S 985 Rule Taiwan 1948 1951 - May 1 0:00 1:00 D 986 Rule Taiwan 1948 1951 - Oct 1 0:00 0 S 987 Rule Taiwan 1952 only - Mar 1 0:00 1:00 D 988 Rule Taiwan 1952 1954 - Nov 1 0:00 0 S 989 Rule Taiwan 1953 1959 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D 990 Rule Taiwan 1955 1961 - Oct 1 0:00 0 S 991 Rule Taiwan 1960 1961 - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 D 992 Rule Taiwan 1974 1975 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D 993 Rule Taiwan 1974 1975 - Oct 1 0:00 0 S 994 Rule Taiwan 1979 only - Jul 1 0:00 1:00 D 995 Rule Taiwan 1979 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 S 996 997 # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 998 # Taipei or Taibei or T'ai-pei 999 Zone Asia/Taipei 8:06:00 - LMT 1896 Jan 1 1000 8:00 - CST 1937 Oct 1 1001 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 21 1:00 1002 8:00 Taiwan C%sT 1003 1004 # Macau (Macao, Aomen) 1005 # 1006 # From P Chan (2018-05-10): 1007 # * LegisMac 1008 # http://legismac.safp.gov.mo/legismac/descqry/Descqry.jsf?lang=pt 1009 # A database for searching titles of legal documents of Macau in 1010 # Chinese and Portuguese. The term "HORRIO DE VERO" can be used for 1011 # searching decrees about summer time. 1012 # * Archives of Macao 1013 # http://www.archives.gov.mo/en/bo/ 1014 # It contains images of old official gazettes. 1015 # * The Macao Meteorological and Geophysical Bureau have a page listing the 1016 # summer time history. But it is not complete and has some mistakes. 1017 # http://www.smg.gov.mo/smg/geophysics/e_t_Summer%20Time.htm 1018 # Macau adopted GMT+8 on 30 Oct 1904 to follow Hong Kong. Clocks were 1019 # advanced by 25 minutes and 50 seconds. Which means the LMT used was 1020 # +7:34:10. As stated in the "Portaria No. 204" dated 21 October 1904 1021 # and published in the Official Gazette on 29 October 1904. 1022 # http://igallery.icm.gov.mo/Images/Archives/BO/MO_AH_PUB_BO_1904_10/MO_AH_PUB_BO_1904_10_00025_Grey.JPG 1023 # 1024 # Therefore the 1911 decree of Portugal did not change time in Macau. 1025 # 1026 # From LegisMac, here is a list of decrees that changed the time ... 1027 # [Decree Gazette-no. date; titles omitted in this quotation] 1028 # DIL 732 BOCM 51 1941.12.20 1029 # DIL 764 BOCM 9S 1942.04.30 1030 # DIL 781 BOCM 21 1942.10.10 1031 # PT 3434 BOCM 8S 1943.04.17 1032 # PT 3504 BOCM 20 1943.09.25 1033 # PT 3843 BOCM 39 1945.09.29 1034 # PT 3961 BOCM 17 1946.04.27 1035 # PT 4026 BOCM 39 1946.09.28 1036 # PT 4153 BOCM 16 1947.04.10 1037 # PT 4271 BOCM 48 1947.11.29 1038 # PT 4374 BOCM 18 1948.05.01 1039 # PT 4465 BOCM 44 1948.10.30 1040 # PT 4590 BOCM 14 1949.04.02 1041 # PT 4666 BOCM 44 1949.10.29 1042 # PT 4771 BOCM 12 1950.03.25 1043 # PT 4838 BOCM 43 1950.10.28 1044 # PT 4946 BOCM 12 1951.03.24 1045 # PT 5025 BO 43 1951.10.27 1046 # PT 5149 BO 14 1952.04.05 1047 # PT 5251 BO 43 1952.10.25 1048 # PT 5366 BO 13 1953.03.28 1049 # PT 5444 BO 44 1953.10.31 1050 # PT 5540 BO 12 1954.03.20 1051 # PT 5589 BO 44 1954.10.30 1052 # PT 5676 BO 12 1955.03.19 1053 # PT 5739 BO 45 1955.11.05 1054 # PT 5823 BO 11 1956.03.17 1055 # PT 5891 BO 44 1956.11.03 1056 # PT 5981 BO 12 1957.03.23 1057 # PT 6064 BO 43 1957.10.26 1058 # PT 6172 BO 12 1958.03.22 1059 # PT 6243 BO 43 1958.10.25 1060 # PT 6341 BO 12 1959.03.21 1061 # PT 6411 BO 43 1959.10.24 1062 # PT 6514 BO 11 1960.03.12 1063 # PT 6584 BO 44 1960.10.29 1064 # PT 6721 BO 10 1961.03.11 1065 # PT 6815 BO 43 1961.10.28 1066 # PT 6947 BO 10 1962.03.10 1067 # PT 7080 BO 43 1962.10.27 1068 # PT 7218 BO 12 1963.03.23 1069 # PT 7340 BO 43 1963.10.26 1070 # PT 7491 BO 11 1964.03.14 1071 # PT 7664 BO 43 1964.10.24 1072 # PT 7846 BO 15 1965.04.10 1073 # PT 7979 BO 42 1965.10.16 1074 # PT 8146 BO 15 1966.04.09 1075 # PT 8252 BO 41 1966.10.08 1076 # PT 8429 BO 15 1967.04.15 1077 # PT 8540 BO 41 1967.10.14 1078 # PT 8735 BO 15 1968.04.13 1079 # PT 8860 BO 41 1968.10.12 1080 # PT 9035 BO 16 1969.04.19 1081 # PT 9156 BO 42 1969.10.18 1082 # PT 9328 BO 15 1970.04.11 1083 # PT 9418 BO 41 1970.10.10 1084 # PT 9587 BO 14 1971.04.03 1085 # PT 9702 BO 41 1971.10.09 1086 # PT 38-A/72 BO 14 1972.04.01 1087 # PT 126-A/72 BO 41 1972.10.07 1088 # PT 61/73 BO 14 1973.04.07 1089 # PT 182/73 BO 40 1973.10.06 1090 # PT 282/73 BO 51 1973.12.22 1091 # PT 177/74 BO 41 1974.10.12 1092 # PT 51/75 BO 15 1975.04.12 1093 # PT 173/75 BO 41 1975.10.11 1094 # PT 67/76/M BO 14 1976.04.03 1095 # PT 169/76/M BO 41 1976.10.09 1096 # PT 78/79/M BO 19 1979.05.12 1097 # PT 166/79/M BO 42 1979.10.20 1098 # Note that DIL 732 does not belong to "HORRIO DE VERO" according to 1099 # LegisMac.... Note that between 1942 and 1945, the time switched 1100 # between GMT+9 and GMT+10. Also in 1965 and 1965 the DST ended at 2:30am. 1101 1102 # From Paul Eggert (2018-05-10): 1103 # The 1904 decree says that Macau changed from the meridian of 1104 # Fortaleza do Monte, presumably the basis for the 7:34:10 for LMT. 1105 1106 # Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1107 Rule Macau 1942 1943 - Apr 30 23:00 1:00 - 1108 Rule Macau 1942 only - Nov 17 23:00 0 - 1109 Rule Macau 1943 only - Sep 30 23:00 0 S 1110 Rule Macau 1946 only - Apr 30 23:00s 1:00 D 1111 Rule Macau 1946 only - Sep 30 23:00s 0 S 1112 Rule Macau 1947 only - Apr 19 23:00s 1:00 D 1113 Rule Macau 1947 only - Nov 30 23:00s 0 S 1114 Rule Macau 1948 only - May 2 23:00s 1:00 D 1115 Rule Macau 1948 only - Oct 31 23:00s 0 S 1116 Rule Macau 1949 1950 - Apr Sat>=1 23:00s 1:00 D 1117 Rule Macau 1949 1950 - Oct lastSat 23:00s 0 S 1118 Rule Macau 1951 only - Mar 31 23:00s 1:00 D 1119 Rule Macau 1951 only - Oct 28 23:00s 0 S 1120 Rule Macau 1952 1953 - Apr Sat>=1 23:00s 1:00 D 1121 Rule Macau 1952 only - Nov 1 23:00s 0 S 1122 Rule Macau 1953 1954 - Oct lastSat 23:00s 0 S 1123 Rule Macau 1954 1956 - Mar Sat>=17 23:00s 1:00 D 1124 Rule Macau 1955 only - Nov 5 23:00s 0 S 1125 Rule Macau 1956 1964 - Nov Sun>=1 03:30 0 S 1126 Rule Macau 1957 1964 - Mar Sun>=18 03:30 1:00 D 1127 Rule Macau 1965 1973 - Apr Sun>=16 03:30 1:00 D 1128 Rule Macau 1965 1966 - Oct Sun>=16 02:30 0 S 1129 Rule Macau 1967 1976 - Oct Sun>=16 03:30 0 S 1130 Rule Macau 1973 only - Dec 30 03:30 1:00 D 1131 Rule Macau 1975 1976 - Apr Sun>=16 03:30 1:00 D 1132 Rule Macau 1979 only - May 13 03:30 1:00 D 1133 Rule Macau 1979 only - Oct Sun>=16 03:30 0 S 1134 1135 # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1136 Zone Asia/Macau 7:34:10 - LMT 1904 Oct 30 1137 8:00 - CST 1941 Dec 21 23:00 1138 9:00 Macau %z 1945 Sep 30 24:00 1139 8:00 Macau C%sT 1140 1141 1142 ############################################################################### 1143 1144 # Cyprus 1145 1146 # Milne says the Eastern Telegraph Company used 2:14:00. Stick with LMT. 1147 # IATA SSIM (1998-09) has Cyprus using EU rules for the first time. 1148 1149 # From Paul Eggert (2016-09-09): 1150 # Yesterday's Cyprus Mail reports that Northern Cyprus followed Turkey's 1151 # lead and switched from +02/+03 to +03 year-round. 1152 # http://cyprus-mail.com/2016/09/08/two-time-zones-cyprus-turkey-will-not-turn-clocks-back-next-month/ 1153 # 1154 # From Even Scharning (2016-10-31): 1155 # Looks like the time zone split in Cyprus went through last night. 1156 # http://cyprus-mail.com/2016/10/30/cyprus-new-division-two-time-zones-now-reality/ 1157 1158 # From Paul Eggert (2017-10-18): 1159 # Northern Cyprus will reinstate winter time on October 29, thus 1160 # staying in sync with the rest of Cyprus. See: Anastasiou A. 1161 # Cyprus to remain united in time. Cyprus Mail 2017-10-17. 1162 # https://cyprus-mail.com/2017/10/17/cyprus-remain-united-time/ 1163 1164 # Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1165 Rule Cyprus 1975 only - Apr 13 0:00 1:00 S 1166 Rule Cyprus 1975 only - Oct 12 0:00 0 - 1167 Rule Cyprus 1976 only - May 15 0:00 1:00 S 1168 Rule Cyprus 1976 only - Oct 11 0:00 0 - 1169 Rule Cyprus 1977 1980 - Apr Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 S 1170 Rule Cyprus 1977 only - Sep 25 0:00 0 - 1171 Rule Cyprus 1978 only - Oct 2 0:00 0 - 1172 Rule Cyprus 1979 1997 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 - 1173 Rule Cyprus 1981 1998 - Mar lastSun 0:00 1:00 S 1174 # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1175 Zone Asia/Nicosia 2:13:28 - LMT 1921 Nov 14 1176 2:00 Cyprus EE%sT 1998 Sep 1177 2:00 EUAsia EE%sT 1178 Zone Asia/Famagusta 2:15:48 - LMT 1921 Nov 14 1179 2:00 Cyprus EE%sT 1998 Sep 1180 2:00 EUAsia EE%sT 2016 Sep 8 1181 3:00 - %z 2017 Oct 29 1:00u 1182 2:00 EUAsia EE%sT 1183 1184 # Georgia 1185 # From Paul Eggert (1994-11-19): 1186 # Today's _Economist_ (p 60) reports that Georgia moved its clocks forward 1187 # an hour recently, due to a law proposed by Zurab Murvanidze, 1188 # an MP who went on a hunger strike for 11 days to force discussion about it! 1189 # We have no details, but we'll guess they didn't move the clocks back in fall. 1190 # 1191 # From Mathew Englander, quoting AP (1996-10-23 13:05-04): 1192 # Instead of putting back clocks at the end of October, Georgia 1193 # will stay on daylight savings time this winter to save energy, 1194 # President Eduard Shevardnadze decreed Wednesday. 1195 # 1196 # From the BBC via Joseph S. Myers (2004-06-27): 1197 # 1198 # Georgia moved closer to Western Europe on Sunday... The former Soviet 1199 # republic has changed its time zone back to that of Moscow. As a result it 1200 # is now just four hours ahead of Greenwich Mean Time, rather than five hours 1201 # ahead. The switch was decreed by the pro-Western president of Georgia, 1202 # Mikheil Saakashvili, who said the change was partly prompted by the process 1203 # of integration into Europe. 1204 1205 # From Teimuraz Abashidze (2005-11-07): 1206 # Government of Georgia ... decided to NOT CHANGE daylight savings time on 1207 # [Oct.] 30, as it was done before during last more than 10 years. 1208 # Currently, we are in fact GMT +4:00, as before 30 October it was GMT 1209 # +3:00.... The problem is, there is NO FORMAL LAW or governmental document 1210 # about it. As far as I can find, I was told, that there is no document, 1211 # because we just DIDN'T ISSUE document about switching to winter time.... 1212 # I don't know what can be done, especially knowing that some years ago our 1213 # DST rules where changed THREE TIMES during one month. 1214 1215 # Milne 1899 says Tbilisi (Tiflis) time was 2:59:05.7. 1216 # Byalokoz 1919 says Georgia was 2:59:11. 1217 # Go with Byalokoz. 1218 1219 # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1220 Zone Asia/Tbilisi 2:59:11 - LMT 1880 1221 2:59:11 - TBMT 1924 May 2 # Tbilisi Mean Time 1222 3:00 - %z 1957 Mar 1223 4:00 RussiaAsia %z 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 1224 3:00 RussiaAsia %z 1992 1225 3:00 E-EurAsia %z 1994 Sep lastSun 1226 4:00 E-EurAsia %z 1996 Oct lastSun 1227 4:00 1:00 %z 1997 Mar lastSun 1228 4:00 E-EurAsia %z 2004 Jun 27 1229 3:00 RussiaAsia %z 2005 Mar lastSun 2:00 1230 4:00 - %z 1231 1232 # East Timor 1233 1234 # From Tim Parenti (2024-07-01): 1235 # The 1912-01-01 transition occurred at 00:00 new time, per the 1911-05-24 1236 # Portuguese decree (see Europe/Lisbon). A provision in article 5(c) of the 1237 # decree prescribed that Timor "will keep counting time in harmony with 1238 # neighboring foreign colonies, [for] as long as they do not adopt the time 1239 # that belongs to them in [the Washington Convention] system." 1240 1241 # See Indonesia for the 1945 transition. 1242 1243 # From Joo Carrascalo, brother of the former governor of East Timor, in 1244 # East Timor may be late for its millennium 1245 # <https://etan.org/et99c/december/26-31/30ETMAY.htm> (1999-12-26/31): 1246 # Portugal tried to change the time forward in 1974 because the sun 1247 # rises too early but the suggestion raised a lot of problems with the 1248 # Timorese and I still don't think it would work today because it 1249 # conflicts with their way of life. 1250 1251 # From Paul Eggert (2000-12-04): 1252 # We don't have any record of the above attempt. 1253 # Most likely our records are incomplete, but we have no better data. 1254 1255 # From Manoel de Almeida e Silva, Deputy Spokesman for the UN Secretary-General 1256 # http://www.hri.org/news/world/undh/2000/00-08-16.undh.html 1257 # (2000-08-16): 1258 # The Cabinet of the East Timor Transition Administration decided 1259 # today to advance East Timor's time by one hour. The time change, 1260 # which will be permanent, with no seasonal adjustment, will happen at 1261 # midnight on Saturday, September 16. 1262 1263 # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1264 Zone Asia/Dili 8:22:20 - LMT 1911 Dec 31 16:00u 1265 8:00 - %z 1942 Feb 21 23:00 1266 9:00 - %z 1976 May 3 1267 8:00 - %z 2000 Sep 17 0:00 1268 9:00 - %z 1269 1270 # India 1271 1272 # British astronomer Henry Park Hollis disliked India Standard Time's offset: 1273 # "A new time system has been proposed for India, Further India, and Burmah. 1274 # The scheme suggested is that the times of the meridians 5 and 6 hours 1275 # east of Greenwich should be adopted in these territories. No reason is 1276 # given why hourly meridians five hours and six hours east should not be 1277 # chosen; a plan which would bring the time of India into harmony with 1278 # that of almost the whole of the civilised world." 1279 # Hollis HP. Universal Time, Longitudes, and Geodesy. Mon Not R Astron Soc. 1280 # 1905-02-10;65(4):405-6. https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/65.4.382 1281 1282 # From Ian P. Beacock, in "A brief history of (modern) time", The Atlantic 1283 # https://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2015/12/the-creation-of-modern-time/421419/ 1284 # (2015-12-22): 1285 # In January 1906, several thousand cotton-mill workers rioted on the 1286 # outskirts of Bombay.... They were protesting the proposed abolition of 1287 # local time in favor of Indian Standard Time.... Journalists called this 1288 # dispute the "Battle of the Clocks." It lasted nearly half a century. 1289 1290 # From Paul Eggert (2017-04-20): 1291 # Good luck trying to nail down old timekeeping records in India. 1292 # "... in the nineteenth century ... Madras Observatory took its magnetic 1293 # measurements on Gttingen time, its meteorological measurements on Madras 1294 # (local) time, dropped its time ball on Greenwich (ocean navigator's) time, 1295 # and distributed civil (local time)." -- Bartky IR. Selling the true time: 1296 # 19th-century timekeeping in america. Stanford U Press (2000), 247 note 19. 1297 # "A more potent cause of resistance to the general adoption of the present 1298 # standard time lies in the fact that it is Madras time. The citizen of 1299 # Bombay, proud of being 'primus in Indis' and of Calcutta, equally proud of 1300 # his city being the Capital of India, and - for a part of the year - the Seat 1301 # of the Supreme Government, alike look down on Madras, and refuse to change 1302 # the time they are using, for that of what they regard as a benighted 1303 # Presidency; while Madras, having for long given the standard time to the 1304 # rest of India, would resist the adoption of any other Indian standard in its 1305 # place." -- Oldham RD. On Time in India: a suggestion for its improvement. 1306 # Proceedings of the Asiatic Society of Bengal (April 1899), 49-55. 1307 # 1308 # "In 1870 ... Madras time - 'now used by the telegraph and regulated from the 1309 # only government observatory' - was suggested as a standard railway time, 1310 # first to be adopted on the Great Indian Peninsular Railway (GIPR).... 1311 # Calcutta, Bombay, and Karachi, were to be allowed to continue with their 1312 # local time for civil purposes." - Prasad R. Tracks of Change: Railways and 1313 # Everyday Life in Colonial India. Cambridge University Press (2016), 145. 1314 # 1315 # Reed S, Low F. The Indian Year Book 1936-37. Bennett, Coleman, pp 27-8. 1316 # https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.282212 1317 # This lists +052110 as Madras local time used in railways, and says that on 1318 # 1906-01-01 railways and telegraphs in India switched to +0530. Some 1319 # municipalities retained their former time, and the time in Calcutta 1320 # continued to depend on whether you were at the railway station or at 1321 # government offices. Government time was at +055320 (according to Shanks) or 1322 # at +0554 (according to the Indian Year Book). Railway time is more 1323 # appropriate for our purposes, as it was better documented, it is what we do 1324 # elsewhere (e.g., Europe/London before 1880), and after 1906 it was 1325 # consistent in the region now identified by Asia/Kolkata. So, use railway 1326 # time for 1870-1941. Shanks is our only (and dubious) source for the 1327 # 1941-1945 data. 1328 1329 # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1330 Zone Asia/Kolkata 5:53:28 - LMT 1854 Jun 28 # Kolkata 1331 5:53:20 - HMT 1870 # Howrah Mean Time? 1332 5:21:10 - MMT 1906 Jan 1 # Madras local time 1333 5:30 - IST 1941 Oct 1334 5:30 1:00 %z 1942 May 15 1335 5:30 - IST 1942 Sep 1336 5:30 1:00 %z 1945 Oct 15 1337 5:30 - IST 1338 # Since 1970 the following are like Asia/Kolkata: 1339 # Andaman Is 1340 # Lakshadweep (Laccadive, Minicoy and Amindivi Is) 1341 # Nicobar Is 1342 1343 # Indonesia 1344 # 1345 # From Paul Eggert (2014-09-06): 1346 # The 1876 Report of the Secretary of the [US] Navy, p 306 says that Batavia 1347 # civil time was 7:07:12.5. 1348 # 1349 # From Gwillim Law (2001-05-28), overriding Shanks & Pottenger: 1350 # http://www.sumatera-inc.com/go_to_invest/about_indonesia.asp#standtime 1351 # says that Indonesia's time zones changed on 1988-01-01. Looking at some 1352 # time zone maps, I think that must refer to Western Borneo (Kalimantan Barat 1353 # and Kalimantan Tengah) switching from UTC+8 to UTC+7. 1354 # 1355 # From Paul Eggert (2007-03-10): 1356 # Here is another correction to Shanks & Pottenger. 1357 # JohnTWB writes that Japanese forces did not surrender control in 1358 # Indonesia until 1945-09-01 00:00 at the earliest (in Jakarta) and 1359 # other formal surrender ceremonies were September 9, 11, and 13, plus 1360 # September 12 for the regional surrender to Mountbatten in Singapore. 1361 # These would be the earliest possible times for a change. 1362 # Rgimes horaires pour le monde entier, by Henri Le Corre, (ditions 1363 # Traditionnelles, 1987, Paris) says that Java and Madura switched 1364 # from UT +09 to +07:30 on 1945-09-23, and gives 1944-09-01 for Jayapura 1365 # (Hollandia). For now, assume all Indonesian locations other than Jayapura 1366 # switched on 1945-09-23. 1367 # 1368 # From Paul Eggert (2013-08-11): 1369 # Normally the tz database uses English-language abbreviations, but in 1370 # Indonesia it's typical to use Indonesian-language abbreviations even 1371 # when writing in English. For example, see the English-language 1372 # summary published by the Time and Frequency Laboratory of the 1373 # Research Center for Calibration, Instrumentation and Metrology, 1374 # Indonesia, <http://time.kim.lipi.go.id/time-eng.php> (2006-09-29). 1375 # The time zone abbreviations and UT offsets are: 1376 # 1377 # WIB - +07 - Waktu Indonesia Barat (Indonesia western time) 1378 # WITA - +08 - Waktu Indonesia Tengah (Indonesia central time) 1379 # WIT - +09 - Waktu Indonesia Timur (Indonesia eastern time) 1380 # 1381 # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1382 # Java, Sumatra 1383 #STDOFF 7:07:12.5 1384 Zone Asia/Jakarta 7:07:12 - LMT 1867 Aug 10 1385 # Shanks & Pottenger say the next transition was at 1924 Jan 1 0:13, 1386 # but this must be a typo. 1387 7:07:12 - BMT 1923 Dec 31 16:40u # Batavia 1388 7:20 - %z 1932 Nov 1389 7:30 - %z 1942 Mar 23 1390 9:00 - %z 1945 Sep 23 1391 7:30 - %z 1948 May 1392 8:00 - %z 1950 May 1393 7:30 - %z 1964 1394 7:00 - WIB 1395 # west and central Borneo 1396 Zone Asia/Pontianak 7:17:20 - LMT 1908 May 1397 7:17:20 - PMT 1932 Nov # Pontianak MT 1398 7:30 - %z 1942 Jan 29 1399 9:00 - %z 1945 Sep 23 1400 7:30 - %z 1948 May 1401 8:00 - %z 1950 May 1402 7:30 - %z 1964 1403 8:00 - WITA 1988 Jan 1 1404 7:00 - WIB 1405 # Sulawesi, Lesser Sundas, east and south Borneo 1406 Zone Asia/Makassar 7:57:36 - LMT 1920 1407 7:57:36 - MMT 1932 Nov # Macassar MT 1408 8:00 - %z 1942 Feb 9 1409 9:00 - %z 1945 Sep 23 1410 8:00 - WITA 1411 # Maluku Islands, West Papua, Papua 1412 Zone Asia/Jayapura 9:22:48 - LMT 1932 Nov 1413 9:00 - %z 1944 Sep 1 1414 9:30 - %z 1964 1415 9:00 - WIT 1416 1417 # Iran 1418 1419 # From Roozbeh Pournader (2022-05-30): 1420 # Here's an order from the Cabinet to the rest of the government to switch to 1421 # Tehran time, which is mentioned to be already at +03:30: 1422 # https://qavanin.ir/Law/TreeText/180138 1423 # Just in case that goes away, I also saved a copy at archive.org: 1424 # https://web.archive.org/web/20220530111940/https://qavanin.ir/Law/TreeText/180138 1425 # Here's my translation: 1426 # 1427 # "Circular on Matching the Hours of Governmental and Official Circles 1428 # in Provinces 1429 # Approved 1314/03/22 [=1935-06-13] 1430 # According to the ruling of the Honorable Cabinet, it is ordered that from 1431 # now on in all internal provinces of the country, governmental and official 1432 # circles set their time to match Tehran time (three hours and half before 1433 # Greenwich).... 1434 # 1435 # I still haven't found out when Tehran itself switched to +03:30.... 1436 # 1437 # From Paul Eggert (2022-06-05): 1438 # Although the above says Tehran was at +03:30 before 1935-06-13, we don't 1439 # know when it switched to +03:30. For now, use 1935-06-13 as the switch date. 1440 # Although most likely wrong, we have no better info. 1441 1442 # From Roozbeh Pournader (2022-06-01): 1443 # This is from Kayhan newspaper, one of the major Iranian newspapers, from 1444 # March 20, 1978, page 2: 1445 # 1446 # "Pull the clocks 60 minutes forward 1447 # As we informed before, from the fourth day of the month Farvardin of the 1448 # new year [=1978-03-24], clocks will be pulled forward, and people's daily 1449 # work and life program will start one hour earlier than the current program. 1450 # On the 1st day of the month Farvardin of this year [=1977-03-21], they had 1451 # pulled the clocks forward by one hour, but in the month of Mehr 1452 # [=1977-09-23], the clocks were pulled back by 30 minutes. 1453 # In this way, from the 4th day of the month Farvardin, clocks will be ahead 1454 # of the previous years by one hour and a half. 1455 # According to the new program, during the night of 4th of Farvardin, when 1456 # the midnight, meaning 24 o'clock is announced, the hands of the clock must 1457 # be pulled forward by one hour and thus consider midnight 1 o'clock in the 1458 # forenoon." 1459 # 1460 # This implies that in September 1977, when the daylight savings time was 1461 # done with, Iran didn't go back to +03:30, but immediately to +04:00. 1462 # 1463 # 1464 # This is from the major Iranian newspaper Ettela'at, dated [1978-08-03]..., 1465 # page 32. It looks like they decided to get the clocks back to +4:00 1466 # just in time for Ramadan that year: 1467 # 1468 # "Tomorrow Night, Pull the Clocks Back by One Hour 1469 # At 1 o'clock in the forenoon of Saturday 14 Mordad [=1978-08-05], the 1470 # clocks will be pulled one hour back and instead of 1 o'clock in the 1471 # forenoon, Radio Iran will announce 24 o'clock. 1472 # This decision was made in the Cabinet of Ministers meeting of 25 Tir 1473 # [=1978-07-16], [...] 1474 # At the beginning of the year 2537 [=March 1978: Iran was using a different 1475 # year number for a few years then, based on the Coronation of Cyrus the 1476 # Great], the country's official time was pulled forward by one hour and now 1477 # the official time is one hour and a half ahead compared to last year, 1478 # because in Farvardin of last year [=March 1977], the official time was 1479 # pulled forward one hour and this continued until the second half of last 1480 # year [=September 1977] until in the second half of last year the official 1481 # time was pulled back half an hour and that half hour still remains." 1482 # 1483 # This matches the time of the true noon published in the newspapers, as they 1484 # clearly go from +05:00 to +04:00 after that date (which happened during a 1485 # long weekend in Iran). 1486 1487 # From Roozbeh Pournader (2022-05-31): 1488 # [Movahedi S. Cultural preconceptions of time: Can we use operational time 1489 # to meddle in God's Time? Comp Stud Soc Hist. 1985;27(3):385-400] 1490 # https://www.jstor.org/stable/178704 1491 # Here's the quotes from the paper: 1492 # 1. '"Iran's official time keeper moved the clock one hour forward as from 1493 # March 22, 1977 (Farvardin 2, 2536) to make maximum use of daylight and save 1494 # in energy consumption. Thus Iran joined such other countries as Britain in 1495 # observing what is known as 'daylight saving.' The proposal was originally 1496 # put forward by the Ministry of Energy, in no way having any influence on 1497 # observing religious ceremonies. Moving time one hour forward in summer 1498 # means that at 11:00 o'clock on March 21, the official time was set as 1499 # midnight March 22. Then September 24 will actually begin one hour later 1500 # than the end of September 23 [...]." Iran's time base thus continued to be 1501 # Greenwich Mean Time plus three and one-half hours (plus four and one-half 1502 # hours in summer).' 1503 # 1504 # The article sources this from Iran Almanac and Book of Facts, 1977, Tehran: 1505 # Echo of Iran, which is on Google Books at 1506 # https://www.google.com/books/edition/Iran_Almanac_and_Book_of_Facts/9ybVAAAAMAAJ. 1507 # (I confirmed it by searching for snippets.) 1508 # 1509 # 2. "After the fall of the shah, the revolutionary government returned to 1510 # daylight-saving time (DST) on 26 May 1979." 1511 # 1512 # This seems to have been announced just one day in advance, on 25 May 1979. 1513 # 1514 # The change in 1977 clearly seems to be the first daylight savings effort in 1515 # Iran. But the article doesn't mention what happened in 1978 (which was 1516 # still during the shah's government), or how things continued in 1979 1517 # onwards (which was during the Islamic Republic). 1518 1519 # From Francis Santoni (2022-06-01): 1520 # for Iran and 1977 the effective change is only 20 October 1521 # (UIT No. 143 17.XI.1977) and not 23 September (UIT No. 141 13.IX.1977). 1522 # UIT is the Operational Bulletin of International Telecommunication Union. 1523 1524 # From Roozbeh Pournader (2003-03-15): 1525 # This is an English translation of what I just found (originally in Persian). 1526 # The Gregorian dates in brackets are mine: 1527 # 1528 # Official Newspaper No. 13548-1370/6/25 [1991-09-16] 1529 # No. 16760/T233 H 1370/6/10 [1991-09-01] 1530 # 1531 # The Rule About Change of the Official Time of the Country 1532 # 1533 # The Board of Ministers, in the meeting dated 1370/5/23 [1991-08-14], 1534 # based on the suggestion number 2221/D dated 1370/4/22 [1991-07-13] 1535 # of the Country's Organization for Official and Employment Affairs, 1536 # and referring to the law for equating the working hours of workers 1537 # and officers in the whole country dated 1359/4/23 [1980-07-14], and 1538 # for synchronizing the official times of the country, agreed that: 1539 # 1540 # The official time of the country will should move forward one hour 1541 # at the 24[:00] hours of the first day of Farvardin and should return 1542 # to its previous state at the 24[:00] hours of the 30th day of 1543 # Shahrivar. 1544 # 1545 # First Deputy to the President - Hassan Habibi 1546 # 1547 # From personal experience, that agrees with what has been followed 1548 # for at least the last 5 years. Before that, for a few years, the 1549 # date used was the first Thursday night of Farvardin and the last 1550 # Thursday night of Shahrivar, but I can't give exact dates.... 1551 # 1552 # From Roozbeh Pournader (2005-04-05): 1553 # The text of the Iranian law, in effect since 1925, clearly mentions 1554 # that the true solar year is the measure, and there is no arithmetic 1555 # leap year calculation involved. There has never been any serious 1556 # plan to change that law.... 1557 # 1558 # From Paul Eggert (2022-06-30): 1559 # Go with Pournader for 1935 through spring 1979, and for timestamps 1560 # after August 1991; go with with Shanks & Pottenger for other timestamps. 1561 # Go with Santoni's citation of the UIT for fall 1977, as 20 October 1977 1562 # is 28 Mehr 1356, consistent with the "Mehr" in Pournader's source. 1563 # Assume that the UIT's "1930" is UTC, i.e., 24:00 local time. 1564 # 1565 # From Oscar van Vlijmen (2005-03-30), writing about future 1566 # discrepancies between cal-persia and the Iranian calendar: 1567 # For 2091 solar-longitude-after yields 2091-03-20 08:40:07.7 UT for 1568 # the vernal equinox and that gets so close to 12:00 some local 1569 # Iranian time that the definition of the correct location needs to be 1570 # known exactly, amongst other factors. 2157 is even closer: 1571 # 2157-03-20 08:37:15.5 UT. But the Gregorian year 2025 should give 1572 # no interpretation problem whatsoever. By the way, another instant 1573 # in the near future where there will be a discrepancy between 1574 # arithmetical and astronomical Iranian calendars will be in 2058: 1575 # vernal equinox on 2058-03-20 09:03:05.9 UT. The Java version of 1576 # Reingold's/Dershowitz' calculator gives correctly the Gregorian date 1577 # 2058-03-21 for 1 Farvardin 1437 (astronomical). 1578 # 1579 # From Steffen Thorsen (2006-03-22): 1580 # Several of my users have reported that Iran will not observe DST anymore: 1581 # http://www.irna.ir/en/news/view/line-17/0603193812164948.htm 1582 # 1583 # From Reuters (2007-09-16), with a heads-up from Jesper Nrgaard Welen: 1584 # ... the Guardian Council ... approved a law on Sunday to re-introduce 1585 # daylight saving time ... 1586 # https://uk.reuters.com/article/oilRpt/idUKBLA65048420070916 1587 # 1588 # From Roozbeh Pournader (2007-11-05): 1589 # This is quoted from Official Gazette of the Islamic Republic of 1590 # Iran, Volume 63, No. 18242, dated Tuesday 1386/6/24 1591 # [2007-10-16]. I am doing the best translation I can:... 1592 # The official time of the country will be moved forward for one hour 1593 # on the 24 hours of the first day of the month of Farvardin and will 1594 # be changed back to its previous state on the 24 hours of the 1595 # thirtieth day of Shahrivar. 1596 # 1597 # From Ali Mirjamali (2022-05-10): 1598 # Official IR News Agency announcement: irna.ir/xjJ3TT 1599 # ... 1600 # Highlights: DST will be cancelled for the next Iranian year 1402 1601 # (i.e 2023-March-21) and forthcoming years. 1602 # 1603 # Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1604 # Work around a bug in zic 2022a and earlier. 1605 Rule Iran 1910 only - Jan 1 00:00 0 - 1606 # 1607 Rule Iran 1977 only - Mar 21 23:00 1:00 - 1608 Rule Iran 1977 only - Oct 20 24:00 0 - 1609 Rule Iran 1978 only - Mar 24 24:00 1:00 - 1610 Rule Iran 1978 only - Aug 5 01:00 0 - 1611 Rule Iran 1979 only - May 26 24:00 1:00 - 1612 Rule Iran 1979 only - Sep 18 24:00 0 - 1613 Rule Iran 1980 only - Mar 20 24:00 1:00 - 1614 Rule Iran 1980 only - Sep 22 24:00 0 - 1615 Rule Iran 1991 only - May 2 24:00 1:00 - 1616 Rule Iran 1992 1995 - Mar 21 24:00 1:00 - 1617 Rule Iran 1991 1995 - Sep 21 24:00 0 - 1618 Rule Iran 1996 only - Mar 20 24:00 1:00 - 1619 Rule Iran 1996 only - Sep 20 24:00 0 - 1620 Rule Iran 1997 1999 - Mar 21 24:00 1:00 - 1621 Rule Iran 1997 1999 - Sep 21 24:00 0 - 1622 Rule Iran 2000 only - Mar 20 24:00 1:00 - 1623 Rule Iran 2000 only - Sep 20 24:00 0 - 1624 Rule Iran 2001 2003 - Mar 21 24:00 1:00 - 1625 Rule Iran 2001 2003 - Sep 21 24:00 0 - 1626 Rule Iran 2004 only - Mar 20 24:00 1:00 - 1627 Rule Iran 2004 only - Sep 20 24:00 0 - 1628 Rule Iran 2005 only - Mar 21 24:00 1:00 - 1629 Rule Iran 2005 only - Sep 21 24:00 0 - 1630 Rule Iran 2008 only - Mar 20 24:00 1:00 - 1631 Rule Iran 2008 only - Sep 20 24:00 0 - 1632 Rule Iran 2009 2011 - Mar 21 24:00 1:00 - 1633 Rule Iran 2009 2011 - Sep 21 24:00 0 - 1634 Rule Iran 2012 only - Mar 20 24:00 1:00 - 1635 Rule Iran 2012 only - Sep 20 24:00 0 - 1636 Rule Iran 2013 2015 - Mar 21 24:00 1:00 - 1637 Rule Iran 2013 2015 - Sep 21 24:00 0 - 1638 Rule Iran 2016 only - Mar 20 24:00 1:00 - 1639 Rule Iran 2016 only - Sep 20 24:00 0 - 1640 Rule Iran 2017 2019 - Mar 21 24:00 1:00 - 1641 Rule Iran 2017 2019 - Sep 21 24:00 0 - 1642 Rule Iran 2020 only - Mar 20 24:00 1:00 - 1643 Rule Iran 2020 only - Sep 20 24:00 0 - 1644 Rule Iran 2021 2022 - Mar 21 24:00 1:00 - 1645 Rule Iran 2021 2022 - Sep 21 24:00 0 - 1646 1647 # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1648 Zone Asia/Tehran 3:25:44 - LMT 1916 1649 3:25:44 - TMT 1935 Jun 13 # Tehran Mean Time 1650 3:30 Iran %z 1977 Oct 20 24:00 1651 4:00 Iran %z 1979 1652 3:30 Iran %z 1653 1654 1655 # Iraq 1656 # 1657 # From Jonathan Lennox (2000-06-12): 1658 # An article in this week's Economist ("Inside the Saddam-free zone", p. 50 in 1659 # the U.S. edition) on the Iraqi Kurds contains a paragraph: 1660 # "The three northern provinces ... switched their clocks this spring and 1661 # are an hour ahead of Baghdad." 1662 # 1663 # But Rives McDow (2000-06-18) quotes a contact in Iraqi-Kurdistan as follows: 1664 # In the past, some Kurdish nationalists, as a protest to the Iraqi 1665 # Government, did not adhere to daylight saving time. They referred 1666 # to daylight saving as Saddam time. But, as of today, the time zone 1667 # in Iraqi-Kurdistan is on standard time with Baghdad, Iraq. 1668 # 1669 # So we'll ignore the Economist's claim. 1670 1671 # From Steffen Thorsen (2008-03-10): 1672 # The cabinet in Iraq abolished DST last week, according to the following 1673 # news sources (in Arabic): 1674 # http://www.aljeeran.net/wesima_articles/news-20080305-98602.html 1675 # http://www.aswataliraq.info/look/article.tpl?id=2047&IdLanguage=17&IdPublication=4&NrArticle=71743&NrIssue=1&NrSection=10 1676 # 1677 # We have published a short article in English about the change: 1678 # https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/iraq-dumps-daylight-saving.html 1679 1680 # Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1681 Rule Iraq 1982 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 - 1682 Rule Iraq 1982 1984 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 1683 Rule Iraq 1983 only - Mar 31 0:00 1:00 - 1684 Rule Iraq 1984 1985 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 - 1685 Rule Iraq 1985 1990 - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 - 1686 Rule Iraq 1986 1990 - Mar lastSun 1:00s 1:00 - 1687 # IATA SSIM (1991/1996) says Apr 1 12:01am UTC; guess the ':01' is a typo. 1688 # Shanks & Pottenger say Iraq did not observe DST 1992/1997; ignore this. 1689 # 1690 Rule Iraq 1991 2007 - Apr 1 3:00s 1:00 - 1691 Rule Iraq 1991 2007 - Oct 1 3:00s 0 - 1692 # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1693 Zone Asia/Baghdad 2:57:40 - LMT 1890 1694 2:57:36 - BMT 1918 # Baghdad Mean Time? 1695 3:00 - %z 1982 May 1696 3:00 Iraq %z 1697 1698 1699 ############################################################################### 1700 1701 # Israel 1702 1703 # For more info about the motivation for DST in Israel, see: 1704 # Barak Y. Israel's Daylight Saving Time controversy. Israel Affairs. 1705 # 2020-08-11. https://doi.org/10.1080/13537121.2020.1806564 1706 1707 # From Ephraim Silverberg (2001-01-11): 1708 # 1709 # I coined "IST/IDT" circa 1988. Until then there were three 1710 # different abbreviations in use: 1711 # 1712 # JST Jerusalem Standard Time [Danny Braniss, Hebrew University] 1713 # IZT Israel Zonal (sic) Time [Prof. Haim Papo, Technion] 1714 # EEST Eastern Europe Standard Time [used by almost everyone else] 1715 # 1716 # Since timezones should be called by country and not capital cities, 1717 # I ruled out JST. As Israel is in Asia Minor and not Eastern Europe, 1718 # EEST was equally unacceptable. Since "zonal" was not compatible with 1719 # any other timezone abbreviation, I felt that 'IST' was the way to go 1720 # and, indeed, it has received almost universal acceptance in timezone 1721 # settings in Israeli computers. 1722 # 1723 # In any case, I am happy to share timezone abbreviations with India, 1724 # high on my favorite-country list (and not only because my wife's 1725 # family is from India). 1726 1727 # From P Chan (2020-10-27), with corrections: 1728 # 1729 # 1940-1946 Supplement No. 2 to the Palestine Gazette 1730 # # issue page Order No. dated start end note 1731 # 1 1010 729 67 of 1940 1940-05-22 1940-05-31* 1940-09-30* revoked by #2 1732 # 2 1013 758 73 of 1940 1940-05-31 1940-05-31 1940-09-30 1733 # 3 1055 1574 196 of 1940 1940-11-06 1940-11-16 1940-12-31 1734 # 4 1066 1811 208 of 1940 1940-12-17 1940-12-31 1941-12-31 1735 # 5 1156 1967 116 of 1941 1941-12-16 1941-12-31 1942-12-31* amended by #6 1736 # 6 1228 1608 86 of 1942 1942-10-14 1941-12-31 1942-10-31 1737 # 7 1256 279 21 of 1943 1943-03-18 1943-03-31 1943-10-31 1738 # 8 1323 249 19 of 1944 1944-03-13 1944-03-31 1944-10-31 1739 # 9 1402 328 20 of 1945 1945-04-05 1945-04-15 1945-10-31 1740 #10 1487 596 14 of 1946 1946-04-04 1946-04-15 1946-10-31 1741 # 1742 # 1948 Iton Rishmi (Official Gazette of the Provisional Government) 1743 # # issue page dated start end 1744 #11 2 7 1948-05-20 1948-05-22 1948-10-31* 1745 # ^This moved timezone to +04, replaced by #12 from 1948-08-31 24:00 GMT. 1746 #12 17 (Annex B) 84 1948-08-22 1948-08-31 1948-10-31 1747 # 1748 # 1949-2000 Kovetz HaTakanot (Collection of Regulations) 1749 # # issue page dated start end note 1750 #13 6 133 1949-03-23 1949-04-30 1949-10-31 1751 #14 80 755 1950-03-17 1950-04-15 1950-09-14 1752 #15 164 782 1951-03-22 1951-03-31 1951-09-29* amended by #16 1753 #16 206 1940 1951-09-23 ---------- 1951-10-22* amended by #17 1754 #17 212 78 1951-10-19 ---------- 1951-11-10 1755 #18 254 652 1952-03-03 1952-04-19 1952-09-27* amended by #19 1756 #19 300 11 1952-09-15 ---------- 1952-10-18 1757 #20 348 817 1953-03-03 1953-04-11 1953-09-12 1758 #21 420 385 1954-02-17 1954-06-12 1954-09-11 1759 #22 497 548 1955-01-14 1955-06-11 1955-09-10 1760 #23 591 608 1956-03-12 1956-06-02 1956-09-29 1761 #24 680 957 1957-02-08 1957-04-27 1957-09-21 1762 #25 3192 1418 1974-06-28 1974-07-06 1974-10-12 1763 #26 3322 1389 1975-04-03 1975-04-19 1975-08-30 1764 #27 4146 2089 1980-07-15 1980-08-02 1980-09-13 1765 #28 4604 1081 1984-02-22 1984-05-05* 1984-08-25* revoked by #29 1766 #29 4619 1312 1984-04-06 1984-05-05 1984-08-25 1767 #30 4744 475 1984-12-23 1985-04-13 1985-09-14* amended by #31 1768 #31 4851 1848 1985-08-18 ---------- 1985-08-31 1769 #32 4932 899 1986-04-22 1986-05-17 1986-09-06 1770 #33 5013 580 1987-02-15 1987-04-18* 1987-08-22* revoked by #34 1771 #34 5021 744 1987-03-30 1987-04-14 1987-09-12 1772 #35 5096 659 1988-02-14 1988-04-09 1988-09-03 1773 #36 5167 514 1989-02-03 1989-04-29 1989-09-02 1774 #37 5248 375 1990-01-23 1990-03-24 1990-08-25 1775 #38 5335 612 1991-02-10 1991-03-09* 1991-08-31 amended by #39 1776 # 1992-03-28 1992-09-05 1777 #39 5339 709 1991-03-04 1991-03-23 ---------- 1778 #40 5506 503 1993-02-18 1993-04-02 1993-09-05 1779 # 1994-04-01 1994-08-28 1780 # 1995-03-31 1995-09-03 1781 #41 5731 438 1996-01-01 1996-03-14 1996-09-15 1782 # 1997-03-13* 1997-09-18* overridden by 1997 Temp Prov 1783 # 1998-03-19* 1998-09-17* revoked by #42 1784 #42 5853 1243 1997-09-18 1998-03-19 1998-09-05 1785 #43 5937 77 1998-10-18 1999-04-02 1999-09-03 1786 # 2000-04-14* 2000-09-15* revoked by #44 1787 # 2001-04-13* 2001-09-14* revoked by #44 1788 #44 6024 39 2000-03-14 2000-04-14 2000-10-22* overridden by 2000 Temp Prov 1789 # 2001-04-06* 2001-10-10* overridden by 2000 Temp Prov 1790 # 2002-03-29* 2002-10-29* overridden by 2000 Temp Prov 1791 # 1792 # These are laws enacted by the Knesset since the Minister could only alter the 1793 # transition dates at least six months in advanced under the 1992 Law. 1794 # dated start end 1795 # 1997 Temporary Provisions 1997-03-06 1997-03-20 1997-09-13 1796 # 2000 Temporary Provisions 2000-07-28 ---------- 2000-10-06 1797 # 2001-04-09 2001-09-24 1798 # 2002-03-29 2002-10-07 1799 # 2003-03-28 2003-10-03 1800 # 2004-04-07 2004-09-22 1801 # Note: 1802 # Transition times in 1940-1957 (#1-#24) were midnight GMT, 1803 # in 1974-1998 (#25-#42 and the 1997 Temporary Provisions) were midnight, 1804 # in 1999-April 2000 (#43,#44) were 02:00, 1805 # in the 2000 Temporary Provisions were 01:00. 1806 # 1807 # ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1808 # Links: 1809 # 1 https://findit.library.yale.edu/images_layout/view?parentoid=15537490&increment=687 1810 # 2 https://findit.library.yale.edu/images_layout/view?parentoid=15537490&increment=716 1811 # 3 https://findit.library.yale.edu/images_layout/view?parentoid=15537491&increment=721 1812 # 4 https://findit.library.yale.edu/images_layout/view?parentoid=15537491&increment=958 1813 # 5 https://findit.library.yale.edu/images_layout/view?parentoid=15537502&increment=558 1814 # 6 https://findit.library.yale.edu/images_layout/view?parentoid=15537511&increment=105 1815 # 7 https://findit.library.yale.edu/images_layout/view?parentoid=15537516&increment=278 1816 # 8 https://findit.library.yale.edu/images_layout/view?parentoid=15537522&increment=248 1817 # 9 https://findit.library.yale.edu/images_layout/view?parentoid=15537530&increment=329 1818 #10 https://findit.library.yale.edu/images_layout/view?parentoid=15537537&increment=601 1819 #11 https://www.nevo.co.il/law_word/law12/er-002.pdf#page=3 1820 #12 https://www.nevo.co.il/law_word/law12/er-017-t2.pdf#page=4 1821 #13 https://www.nevo.co.il/law_word/law06/tak-0006.pdf#page=3 1822 #14 https://www.nevo.co.il/law_word/law06/tak-0080.pdf#page=7 1823 #15 https://www.nevo.co.il/law_word/law06/tak-0164.pdf#page=10 1824 #16 https://www.nevo.co.il/law_word/law06/tak-0206.pdf#page=4 1825 #17 https://www.nevo.co.il/law_word/law06/tak-0212.pdf#page=2 1826 #18 https://www.nevo.co.il/law_word/law06/tak-0254.pdf#page=4 1827 #19 https://www.nevo.co.il/law_word/law06/tak-0300.pdf#page=5 1828 #20 https://www.nevo.co.il/law_word/law06/tak-0348.pdf#page=3 1829 #21 https://www.nevo.co.il/law_word/law06/tak-0420.pdf#page=5 1830 #22 https://www.nevo.co.il/law_word/law06/tak-0497.pdf#page=10 1831 #23 https://www.nevo.co.il/law_word/law06/tak-0591.pdf#page=6 1832 #24 https://www.nevo.co.il/law_word/law06/tak-0680.pdf#page=3 1833 #25 https://www.nevo.co.il/law_word/law06/tak-3192.pdf#page=2 1834 #26 https://www.nevo.co.il/law_word/law06/tak-3322.pdf#page=5 1835 #27 https://www.nevo.co.il/law_word/law06/tak-4146.pdf#page=2 1836 #28 https://www.nevo.co.il/law_word/law06/tak-4604.pdf#page=7 1837 #29 https://www.nevo.co.il/law_word/law06/tak-4619.pdf#page=2 1838 #30 https://www.nevo.co.il/law_word/law06/tak-4744.pdf#page=11 1839 #31 https://www.nevo.co.il/law_word/law06/tak-4851.pdf#page=2 1840 #32 https://www.nevo.co.il/law_word/law06/tak-4932.pdf#page=19 1841 #33 https://www.nevo.co.il/law_word/law06/tak-5013.pdf#page=8 1842 #34 https://www.nevo.co.il/law_word/law06/tak-5021.pdf#page=8 1843 #35 https://www.nevo.co.il/law_word/law06/tak-5096.pdf#page=3 1844 #36 https://www.nevo.co.il/law_word/law06/tak-5167.pdf#page=2 1845 #37 https://www.nevo.co.il/law_word/law06/tak-5248.pdf#page=7 1846 #38 https://www.nevo.co.il/law_word/law06/tak-5335.pdf#page=6 1847 #39 https://www.nevo.co.il/law_word/law06/tak-5339.pdf#page=7 1848 #40 https://www.nevo.co.il/law_word/law06/tak-5506.pdf#page=19 1849 #41 https://www.nevo.co.il/law_word/law06/tak-5731.pdf#page=2 1850 #42 https://www.nevo.co.il/law_word/law06/tak-5853.pdf#page=3 1851 #43 https://www.nevo.co.il/law_word/law06/tak-5937.pdf#page=9 1852 #44 https://www.nevo.co.il/law_word/law06/tak-6024.pdf#page=4 1853 # 1854 # Time Determination (Temporary Provisions) Law, 1997 1855 # https://www.nevo.co.il/law_html/law19/p201_003.htm 1856 # 1857 # Time Determination (Temporary Provisions) Law, 2000 1858 # https://www.nevo.co.il/law_html/law19/p201_004.htm 1859 # 1860 # Time Determination Law, 1992 and amendments 1861 # https://www.nevo.co.il/law_html/law01/p201_002.htm 1862 # https://main.knesset.gov.il/Activity/Legislation/Laws/Pages/LawPrimary.aspx?lawitemid=2001174 1863 1864 # From Paul Eggert (2020-10-27): 1865 # Several of the midnight transitions mentioned above are ambiguous; 1866 # are they 00:00, 00:00s, 24:00, or 24:00s? When resolving these ambiguities, 1867 # try to minimize changes from previous tzdb versions, for lack of better info. 1868 # Commentary from previous versions is included below, to help explain this. 1869 1870 # Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1871 Rule Zion 1940 only - May 31 24:00u 1:00 D 1872 Rule Zion 1940 only - Sep 30 24:00u 0 S 1873 Rule Zion 1940 only - Nov 16 24:00u 1:00 D 1874 Rule Zion 1942 1946 - Oct 31 24:00u 0 S 1875 Rule Zion 1943 1944 - Mar 31 24:00u 1:00 D 1876 Rule Zion 1945 1946 - Apr 15 24:00u 1:00 D 1877 Rule Zion 1948 only - May 22 24:00u 2:00 DD 1878 Rule Zion 1948 only - Aug 31 24:00u 1:00 D 1879 Rule Zion 1948 1949 - Oct 31 24:00u 0 S 1880 Rule Zion 1949 only - Apr 30 24:00u 1:00 D 1881 Rule Zion 1950 only - Apr 15 24:00u 1:00 D 1882 Rule Zion 1950 only - Sep 14 24:00u 0 S 1883 Rule Zion 1951 only - Mar 31 24:00u 1:00 D 1884 Rule Zion 1951 only - Nov 10 24:00u 0 S 1885 Rule Zion 1952 only - Apr 19 24:00u 1:00 D 1886 Rule Zion 1952 only - Oct 18 24:00u 0 S 1887 Rule Zion 1953 only - Apr 11 24:00u 1:00 D 1888 Rule Zion 1953 only - Sep 12 24:00u 0 S 1889 Rule Zion 1954 only - Jun 12 24:00u 1:00 D 1890 Rule Zion 1954 only - Sep 11 24:00u 0 S 1891 Rule Zion 1955 only - Jun 11 24:00u 1:00 D 1892 Rule Zion 1955 only - Sep 10 24:00u 0 S 1893 Rule Zion 1956 only - Jun 2 24:00u 1:00 D 1894 Rule Zion 1956 only - Sep 29 24:00u 0 S 1895 Rule Zion 1957 only - Apr 27 24:00u 1:00 D 1896 Rule Zion 1957 only - Sep 21 24:00u 0 S 1897 Rule Zion 1974 only - Jul 6 24:00 1:00 D 1898 Rule Zion 1974 only - Oct 12 24:00 0 S 1899 Rule Zion 1975 only - Apr 19 24:00 1:00 D 1900 Rule Zion 1975 only - Aug 30 24:00 0 S 1901 1902 # From Alois Treindl (2019-03-06): 1903 # http://www.moin.gov.il/Documents/%20/clock-50-years-7-2014.pdf 1904 # From Isaac Starkman (2019-03-06): 1905 # Summer time was in that period in 1980 and 1984, see 1906 # https://www.ynet.co.il/articles/0,7340,L-3951073,00.html 1907 # You can of course read it in translation. 1908 # I checked the local newspapers for that years. 1909 # It started on midnight and end at 01.00 am. 1910 # From Paul Eggert (2019-03-06): 1911 # Also see this thread about the moin.gov.il URL: 1912 # https://mm.icann.org/pipermail/tz/2018-November/027194.html 1913 Rule Zion 1980 only - Aug 2 24:00s 1:00 D 1914 Rule Zion 1980 only - Sep 13 24:00s 0 S 1915 Rule Zion 1984 only - May 5 24:00s 1:00 D 1916 Rule Zion 1984 only - Aug 25 24:00s 0 S 1917 1918 Rule Zion 1985 only - Apr 13 24:00 1:00 D 1919 Rule Zion 1985 only - Aug 31 24:00 0 S 1920 Rule Zion 1986 only - May 17 24:00 1:00 D 1921 Rule Zion 1986 only - Sep 6 24:00 0 S 1922 Rule Zion 1987 only - Apr 14 24:00 1:00 D 1923 Rule Zion 1987 only - Sep 12 24:00 0 S 1924 1925 # From Avigdor Finkelstein (2014-03-05): 1926 # I check the Parliament (Knesset) records and there it's stated that the 1927 # [1988] transition should take place on Saturday night, when the Sabbath 1928 # ends and changes to Sunday. 1929 Rule Zion 1988 only - Apr 9 24:00 1:00 D 1930 Rule Zion 1988 only - Sep 3 24:00 0 S 1931 1932 # From Ephraim Silverberg 1933 # (1997-03-04, 1998-03-16, 1998-12-28, 2000-01-17, 2000-07-25, 2004-12-22, 1934 # and 2005-02-17): 1935 1936 # According to the Office of the Secretary General of the Ministry of 1937 # Interior, there is NO set rule for Daylight-Savings/Standard time changes. 1938 # One thing is entrenched in law, however: that there must be at least 150 1939 # days of daylight savings time annually. From 1993-1998, the change to 1940 # daylight savings time was on a Friday morning from midnight IST to 1941 # 1 a.m IDT; up until 1998, the change back to standard time was on a 1942 # Saturday night from midnight daylight savings time to 11 p.m. standard 1943 # time. 1996 is an exception to this rule where the change back to standard 1944 # time took place on Sunday night instead of Saturday night to avoid 1945 # conflicts with the Jewish New Year. In 1999, the change to 1946 # daylight savings time was still on a Friday morning but from 1947 # 2 a.m. IST to 3 a.m. IDT; furthermore, the change back to standard time 1948 # was also on a Friday morning from 2 a.m. IDT to 1 a.m. IST for 1949 # 1999 only. In the year 2000, the change to daylight savings time was 1950 # similar to 1999, but although the change back will be on a Friday, it 1951 # will take place from 1 a.m. IDT to midnight IST. Starting in 2001, all 1952 # changes to/from will take place at 1 a.m. old time, but now there is no 1953 # rule as to what day of the week it will take place in as the start date 1954 # (except in 2003) is the night after the Passover Seder (i.e. the eve 1955 # of the 16th of Nisan in the lunar Hebrew calendar) and the end date 1956 # (except in 2002) is three nights before Yom Kippur [Day of Atonement] 1957 # (the eve of the 7th of Tishrei in the lunar Hebrew calendar). 1958 1959 # Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1960 Rule Zion 1989 only - Apr 29 24:00 1:00 D 1961 Rule Zion 1989 only - Sep 2 24:00 0 S 1962 Rule Zion 1990 only - Mar 24 24:00 1:00 D 1963 Rule Zion 1990 only - Aug 25 24:00 0 S 1964 Rule Zion 1991 only - Mar 23 24:00 1:00 D 1965 Rule Zion 1991 only - Aug 31 24:00 0 S 1966 Rule Zion 1992 only - Mar 28 24:00 1:00 D 1967 Rule Zion 1992 only - Sep 5 24:00 0 S 1968 Rule Zion 1993 only - Apr 2 0:00 1:00 D 1969 Rule Zion 1993 only - Sep 5 0:00 0 S 1970 1971 # The dates for 1994-1995 were obtained from Office of the Spokeswoman for the 1972 # Ministry of Interior, Jerusalem, Israel. The spokeswoman can be reached by 1973 # calling the office directly at 972-2-6701447 or 972-2-6701448. 1974 1975 # Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1976 Rule Zion 1994 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D 1977 Rule Zion 1994 only - Aug 28 0:00 0 S 1978 Rule Zion 1995 only - Mar 31 0:00 1:00 D 1979 Rule Zion 1995 only - Sep 3 0:00 0 S 1980 1981 # The dates for 1996 were determined by the Minister of Interior of the 1982 # time, Haim Ramon. The official announcement regarding 1996-1998 1983 # (with the dates for 1997-1998 no longer being relevant) can be viewed at: 1984 # 1985 # ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements/1996-1998.ramon.ps.gz 1986 # 1987 # The dates for 1997-1998 were altered by his successor, Rabbi Eli Suissa. 1988 # 1989 # The official announcements for the years 1997-1999 can be viewed at: 1990 # 1991 # ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements/YYYY.ps.gz 1992 # 1993 # where YYYY is the relevant year. 1994 1995 # Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1996 Rule Zion 1996 only - Mar 14 24:00 1:00 D 1997 Rule Zion 1996 only - Sep 15 24:00 0 S 1998 Rule Zion 1997 only - Mar 20 24:00 1:00 D 1999 Rule Zion 1997 only - Sep 13 24:00 0 S 2000 Rule Zion 1998 only - Mar 20 0:00 1:00 D 2001 Rule Zion 1998 only - Sep 6 0:00 0 S 2002 Rule Zion 1999 only - Apr 2 2:00 1:00 D 2003 Rule Zion 1999 only - Sep 3 2:00 0 S 2004 2005 # The Knesset Interior Committee has changed the dates for 2000 for 2006 # the third time in just over a year and have set new dates for the 2007 # years 2001-2004 as well. 2008 # 2009 # The official announcement for the start date of 2000 can be viewed at: 2010 # 2011 # ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements/2000-start.ps.gz 2012 # 2013 # The official announcement for the end date of 2000 and the dates 2014 # for the years 2001-2004 can be viewed at: 2015 # 2016 # ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements/2000-2004.ps.gz 2017 2018 # Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 2019 Rule Zion 2000 only - Apr 14 2:00 1:00 D 2020 Rule Zion 2000 only - Oct 6 1:00 0 S 2021 Rule Zion 2001 only - Apr 9 1:00 1:00 D 2022 Rule Zion 2001 only - Sep 24 1:00 0 S 2023 Rule Zion 2002 only - Mar 29 1:00 1:00 D 2024 Rule Zion 2002 only - Oct 7 1:00 0 S 2025 Rule Zion 2003 only - Mar 28 1:00 1:00 D 2026 Rule Zion 2003 only - Oct 3 1:00 0 S 2027 Rule Zion 2004 only - Apr 7 1:00 1:00 D 2028 Rule Zion 2004 only - Sep 22 1:00 0 S 2029 2030 # The proposed law agreed upon by the Knesset Interior Committee on 2031 # 2005-02-14 is that, for 2005 and beyond, DST starts at 02:00 the 2032 # last Friday before April 2nd (i.e. the last Friday in March or April 2033 # 1st itself if it falls on a Friday) and ends at 02:00 on the Saturday 2034 # night _before_ the fast of Yom Kippur. 2035 # 2036 # Those who can read Hebrew can view the announcement at: 2037 # 2038 # ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements/2005+beyond.ps 2039 2040 # Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 2041 Rule Zion 2005 2012 - Apr Fri<=1 2:00 1:00 D 2042 Rule Zion 2005 only - Oct 9 2:00 0 S 2043 Rule Zion 2006 only - Oct 1 2:00 0 S 2044 Rule Zion 2007 only - Sep 16 2:00 0 S 2045 Rule Zion 2008 only - Oct 5 2:00 0 S 2046 Rule Zion 2009 only - Sep 27 2:00 0 S 2047 Rule Zion 2010 only - Sep 12 2:00 0 S 2048 Rule Zion 2011 only - Oct 2 2:00 0 S 2049 Rule Zion 2012 only - Sep 23 2:00 0 S 2050 2051 # From Ephraim Silverberg (2020-10-26): 2052 # The current time law (2013) from the State of Israel can be viewed 2053 # (in Hebrew) at: 2054 # ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/israel/announcements/2013+law.pdf 2055 # It translates to: 2056 # Every year, in the period from the Friday before the last Sunday in 2057 # the month of March at 02:00 a.m. until the last Sunday of the month 2058 # of October at 02:00 a.m., Israel Time will be advanced an additional 2059 # hour such that it will be UTC+3. 2060 2061 # Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 2062 Rule Zion 2013 max - Mar Fri>=23 2:00 1:00 D 2063 Rule Zion 2013 max - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S 2064 2065 # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2066 Zone Asia/Jerusalem 2:20:54 - LMT 1880 2067 2:20:40 - JMT 1918 # Jerusalem Mean Time? 2068 2:00 Zion I%sT 2069 2070 2071 2072 ############################################################################### 2073 2074 # Japan 2075 2076 # '9:00' and 'JST' is from Guy Harris. 2077 2078 # From Paul Eggert (2020-01-19): 2079 # Starting in the 7th century, Japan generally followed an ancient Chinese 2080 # timekeeping system that divided night and day into six hours each, 2081 # with hour length depending on season. In 1873 the government 2082 # started requiring the use of a Western style 24-hour clock. See: 2083 # Yulia Frumer, "Making Time: Astronomical Time Measurement in Tokugawa Japan" 2084 # <https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/1043907065>. As the tzdb code and 2085 # data support only 24-hour clocks, its tables model timestamps before 2086 # 1873 using Western-style local mean time. 2087 2088 # From Hideyuki Suzuki (1998-11-09): 2089 # 'Tokyo' usually stands for the former location of Tokyo Astronomical 2090 # Observatory: 139 44' 40.90" E (9h 18m 58.727s), 35 39' 16.0" N. 2091 # This data is from 'Rika Nenpyou (Chronological Scientific Tables) 1996' 2092 # edited by National Astronomical Observatory of Japan.... 2093 # JST (Japan Standard Time) has been used since 1888-01-01 00:00 (JST). 2094 # The law is enacted on 1886-07-07. 2095 2096 # From Hideyuki Suzuki (1998-11-16): 2097 # The ordinance No. 51 (1886) established "standard time" in Japan, 2098 # which stands for the time on 135 E. 2099 # In the ordinance No. 167 (1895), "standard time" was renamed to "central 2100 # standard time". And the same ordinance also established "western standard 2101 # time", which stands for the time on 120 E.... But "western standard 2102 # time" was abolished in the ordinance No. 529 (1937). In the ordinance No. 2103 # 167, there is no mention regarding for what place western standard time is 2104 # standard.... 2105 # 2106 # I wrote "ordinance" above, but I don't know how to translate. 2107 # In Japanese it's "chokurei", which means ordinance from emperor. 2108 2109 # From Yu-Cheng Chuang (2013-07-12): 2110 # ...the Meiji Emperor announced Ordinance No. 167 of Meiji Year 28 "The clause 2111 # about standard time" ... The adoption began from Jan 1, 1896. 2112 # https://ja.wikisource.org/wiki/_() 2113 # 2114 # ...the Showa Emperor announced Ordinance No. 529 of Showa Year 12 ... which 2115 # means the whole Japan territory, including later occupations, adopt Japan 2116 # Central Time (UT+9). The adoption began on Oct 1, 1937. 2117 # https://ja.wikisource.org/wiki/ 2118 2119 # From Paul Eggert (1995-03-06): 2120 # Today's _Asahi Evening News_ (page 4) reports that Japan had 2121 # daylight saving between 1948 and 1951, but "the system was discontinued 2122 # because the public believed it would lead to longer working hours." 2123 2124 # From Mayumi Negishi in the 2005-08-10 Japan Times: 2125 # http://www.japantimes.co.jp/cgi-bin/getarticle.pl5?nn20050810f2.htm 2126 # Occupation authorities imposed daylight-saving time on Japan on 2127 # [1948-05-01].... But lack of prior debate and the execution of 2128 # daylight-saving time just three days after the bill was passed generated 2129 # deep hatred of the concept.... The Diet unceremoniously passed a bill to 2130 # dump the unpopular system in October 1951, less than a month after the San 2131 # Francisco Peace Treaty was signed. (A government poll in 1951 showed 53% 2132 # of the Japanese wanted to scrap daylight-saving time, as opposed to 30% who 2133 # wanted to keep it.) 2134 2135 # From Takayuki Nikai (2018-01-19): 2136 # The source of information is Japanese law. 2137 # http://www.shugiin.go.jp/internet/itdb_housei.nsf/html/houritsu/00219480428029.htm 2138 # http://www.shugiin.go.jp/internet/itdb_housei.nsf/html/houritsu/00719500331039.htm 2139 # ... In summary, it is written as follows. From 24:00 on the first Saturday 2140 # in May, until 0:00 on the day after the second Saturday in September. 2141 2142 # From Phake Nick (2018-09-27): 2143 # [T]he webpage authored by National Astronomical Observatory of Japan 2144 # https://eco.mtk.nao.ac.jp/koyomi/wiki/BBFEB9EF2FB2C6BBFEB9EF.html 2145 # ... mentioned that using Showa 23 (year 1948) as example, 13pm of September 2146 # 11 in summer time will equal to 0am of September 12 in standard time. 2147 # It cited a document issued by the Liaison Office which briefly existed 2148 # during the postwar period of Japan, where the detail on implementation 2149 # of the summer time is described in the document. 2150 # https://eco.mtk.nao.ac.jp/koyomi/wiki/BBFEB9EF2FB2C6BBFEB9EFB2C6BBFEB9EFA4CEBCC2BBDCA4CBA4C4A4A4A4C6.pdf 2151 # The text in the document do instruct a fall back to occur at 2152 # September 11, 13pm in summer time, while ordinary citizens can 2153 # change the clock before they sleep. 2154 # 2155 # From Paul Eggert (2018-09-27): 2156 # This instruction is equivalent to "Sat>=8 25:00", so use that. zic treats 2157 # it like "Sun>=9 01:00", which is not quite the same but is the best we can 2158 # do in any POSIX or C platform. The "25:00" assumes zic from 2007 or later, 2159 # which should be safe now. 2160 2161 # Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 2162 Rule Japan 1948 only - May Sat>=1 24:00 1:00 D 2163 Rule Japan 1948 1951 - Sep Sat>=8 25:00 0 S 2164 Rule Japan 1949 only - Apr Sat>=1 24:00 1:00 D 2165 Rule Japan 1950 1951 - May Sat>=1 24:00 1:00 D 2166 2167 # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2168 Zone Asia/Tokyo 9:18:59 - LMT 1887 Dec 31 15:00u 2169 9:00 Japan J%sT 2170 # Since 1938, all Japanese possessions have been like Asia/Tokyo, 2171 # except that Truk (Chuuk), Ponape (Pohnpei), and Jaluit (Kosrae) did not 2172 # switch from +10 to +09 until 1941-04-01; see the 'australasia' file. 2173 2174 # Jordan 2175 # 2176 # From <http://star.arabia.com/990701/JO9.html> 2177 # Jordan Week (1999-07-01) via Steffen Thorsen (1999-09-09): 2178 # Clocks in Jordan were forwarded one hour on Wednesday at midnight, 2179 # in accordance with the government's decision to implement summer time 2180 # all year round. 2181 # 2182 # From <http://star.arabia.com/990930/JO9.html> 2183 # Jordan Week (1999-09-30) via Steffen Thorsen (1999-11-09): 2184 # Winter time starts today Thursday, 30 September. Clocks will be turned back 2185 # by one hour. This is the latest government decision and it's final! 2186 # The decision was taken because of the increase in working hours in 2187 # government's departments from six to seven hours. 2188 # 2189 # From Paul Eggert (2005-11-22): 2190 # Starting 2003 transitions are from Steffen Thorsen's web site timeanddate.com. 2191 # 2192 # From Steffen Thorsen (2005-11-23): 2193 # For Jordan I have received multiple independent user reports every year 2194 # about DST end dates, as the end-rule is different every year. 2195 # 2196 # From Steffen Thorsen (2006-10-01), after a heads-up from Hilal Malawi: 2197 # http://www.petranews.gov.jo/nepras/2006/Sep/05/4000.htm 2198 # "Jordan will switch to winter time on Friday, October 27". 2199 # 2200 2201 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-04-02): 2202 # This single one might be good enough, (2009-03-24, Arabic): 2203 # http://petra.gov.jo/Artical.aspx?Lng=2&Section=8&Artical=95279 2204 # 2205 # Google's translation: 2206 # 2207 # > The Council of Ministers decided in 2002 to adopt the principle of timely 2208 # > submission of the summer at 60 minutes as of midnight on the last Thursday 2209 # > of the month of March of each year. 2210 # 2211 # So - this means the midnight between Thursday and Friday since 2002. 2212 2213 # From Arthur David Olson (2009-04-06): 2214 # We still have Jordan switching to DST on Thursdays in 2000 and 2001. 2215 2216 # From Steffen Thorsen (2012-10-25): 2217 # Yesterday the government in Jordan announced that they will not 2218 # switch back to standard time this winter, so the will stay on DST 2219 # until about the same time next year (at least). 2220 # http://www.petra.gov.jo/Public_News/Nws_NewsDetails.aspx?NewsID=88950 2221 2222 # From Steffen Thorsen (2013-12-11): 2223 # Jordan Times and other sources say that Jordan is going back to 2224 # UTC+2 on 2013-12-19 at midnight: 2225 # http://jordantimes.com/govt-decides-to-switch-back-to-wintertime 2226 # Official, in Arabic: 2227 # http://www.petra.gov.jo/public_news/Nws_NewsDetails.aspx?Menu_ID=&Site_Id=2&lang=1&NewsID=133230&CatID=14 2228 # ... Our background/permalink about it 2229 # https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/jordan-reverses-dst-decision.html 2230 # ... 2231 # http://www.petra.gov.jo/Public_News/Nws_NewsDetails.aspx?lang=2&site_id=1&NewsID=133313&Type=P 2232 # ... says midnight for the coming one and 1:00 for the ones in the future 2233 # (and they will use DST again next year, using the normal schedule). 2234 2235 # From Paul Eggert (2013-12-11): 2236 # As Steffen suggested, consider the past 21-month experiment to be DST. 2237 2238 # From Steffen Thorsen (2021-09-24): 2239 # The Jordanian Government announced yesterday that they will start DST 2240 # in February instead of March: 2241 # https://petra.gov.jo/Include/InnerPage.jsp?ID=37683&lang=en&name=en_news (English) 2242 # https://petra.gov.jo/Include/InnerPage.jsp?ID=189969&lang=ar&name=news (Arabic) 2243 # From the Arabic version, it seems to say it would be at midnight 2244 # (assume 24:00) on the last Thursday in February, starting from 2022. 2245 2246 # From Issam Al-Zuwairi (2022-10-05): 2247 # The Council of Ministers in Jordan decided Wednesday 5th October 2022, 2248 # that daylight saving time (DST) will be throughout the year.... 2249 # 2250 # From Brian Inglis (2022-10-06): 2251 # https://petra.gov.jo/Include/InnerPage.jsp?ID=45567&lang=en&name=en_news 2252 # 2253 # From Paul Eggert (2022-10-05): 2254 # Like Syria, model this as a transition from EEST +03 (DST) to plain +03 2255 # (non-DST) at the point where DST would otherwise have ended. 2256 2257 # Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 2258 Rule Jordan 1973 only - Jun 6 0:00 1:00 S 2259 Rule Jordan 1973 1975 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 2260 Rule Jordan 1974 1977 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S 2261 Rule Jordan 1976 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 - 2262 Rule Jordan 1977 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 2263 Rule Jordan 1978 only - Apr 30 0:00 1:00 S 2264 Rule Jordan 1978 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 - 2265 Rule Jordan 1985 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 2266 Rule Jordan 1985 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 2267 Rule Jordan 1986 1988 - Apr Fri>=1 0:00 1:00 S 2268 Rule Jordan 1986 1990 - Oct Fri>=1 0:00 0 - 2269 Rule Jordan 1989 only - May 8 0:00 1:00 S 2270 Rule Jordan 1990 only - Apr 27 0:00 1:00 S 2271 Rule Jordan 1991 only - Apr 17 0:00 1:00 S 2272 Rule Jordan 1991 only - Sep 27 0:00 0 - 2273 Rule Jordan 1992 only - Apr 10 0:00 1:00 S 2274 Rule Jordan 1992 1993 - Oct Fri>=1 0:00 0 - 2275 Rule Jordan 1993 1998 - Apr Fri>=1 0:00 1:00 S 2276 Rule Jordan 1994 only - Sep Fri>=15 0:00 0 - 2277 Rule Jordan 1995 1998 - Sep Fri>=15 0:00s 0 - 2278 Rule Jordan 1999 only - Jul 1 0:00s 1:00 S 2279 Rule Jordan 1999 2002 - Sep lastFri 0:00s 0 - 2280 Rule Jordan 2000 2001 - Mar lastThu 0:00s 1:00 S 2281 Rule Jordan 2002 2012 - Mar lastThu 24:00 1:00 S 2282 Rule Jordan 2003 only - Oct 24 0:00s 0 - 2283 Rule Jordan 2004 only - Oct 15 0:00s 0 - 2284 Rule Jordan 2005 only - Sep lastFri 0:00s 0 - 2285 Rule Jordan 2006 2011 - Oct lastFri 0:00s 0 - 2286 Rule Jordan 2013 only - Dec 20 0:00 0 - 2287 Rule Jordan 2014 2021 - Mar lastThu 24:00 1:00 S 2288 Rule Jordan 2014 2022 - Oct lastFri 0:00s 0 - 2289 Rule Jordan 2022 only - Feb lastThu 24:00 1:00 S 2290 # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2291 Zone Asia/Amman 2:23:44 - LMT 1931 2292 2:00 Jordan EE%sT 2022 Oct 28 0:00s 2293 3:00 - %z 2294 2295 2296 # Kazakhstan 2297 2298 # From Kazakhstan Embassy's News Bulletin No. 11 2299 # <http://www.kazsociety.org.uk/news/2005/03/30.htm> (2005-03-21): 2300 # The Government of Kazakhstan passed a resolution March 15 abolishing 2301 # daylight saving time citing lack of economic benefits and health 2302 # complications coupled with a decrease in productivity. 2303 # 2304 # From Branislav Kojic (in Astana) via Gwillim Law (2005-06-28): 2305 # ... what happened was that the former Kazakhstan Eastern time zone 2306 # was "blended" with the Central zone. Therefore, Kazakhstan now has 2307 # two time zones, and difference between them is one hour. The zone 2308 # closer to UTC is the former Western zone (probably still called the 2309 # same), encompassing four provinces in the west: Aqtbe, Atyra, 2310 # Mangghysta, and West Kazakhstan. The other zone encompasses 2311 # everything else.... I guess that would make Kazakhstan time zones 2312 # de jure UTC+5 and UTC+6 respectively. 2313 2314 # From Stepan Golosunov (2016-03-27): 2315 # Review of the linked documents from http://adilet.zan.kz/ 2316 # produced the following data for post-1991 Kazakhstan: 2317 # 2318 # 0. Act of the Cabinet of Ministers of the USSR 2319 # from 1991-02-04 No. 20 2320 # http://pravo.gov.ru/proxy/ips/?docbody=&nd=102010545 2321 # removed the extra hour ("decree time") on the territory of the USSR 2322 # starting with the last Sunday of March 1991. 2323 # It also allowed (but not mandated) Kazakh SSR, Kirghiz SSR, Tajik SSR, 2324 # Turkmen SSR and Uzbek SSR to not have "summer" time. 2325 # 2326 # The 1992-01-13 act also refers to the act of the Cabinet of Ministers 2327 # of the Kazakh SSR from 1991-03-20 No. 170 "About the act of the Cabinet 2328 # of Ministers of the USSR from 1991-02-04 No. 20" but I didn't found its 2329 # text. 2330 # 2331 # According to Izvestia newspaper No. 68 (23334) from 1991-03-20 2332 # -- page 6; available at http://libinfo.org/newsr/newsr2574.djvu via 2333 # http://libinfo.org/index.php?id=58564 -- on 1991-03-31 at 2:00 during 2334 # transition to "summer" time: 2335 # Republic of Georgia, Latvian SSR, Lithuanian SSR, SSR Moldova, 2336 # Estonian SSR; Komi ASSR; Kaliningrad oblast; Nenets autonomous okrug 2337 # were to move clocks 1 hour forward. 2338 # Kazakh SSR (excluding Uralsk oblast); Republic of Kyrgyzstan, Tajik 2339 # SSR; Andijan, Jizzakh, Namangan, Sirdarya, Tashkent, Fergana oblasts 2340 # of the Uzbek SSR were to move clocks 1 hour backwards. 2341 # Other territories were to not move clocks. 2342 # When the "summer" time would end on 1991-09-29, clocks were to be 2343 # moved 1 hour backwards on the territory of the USSR excluding 2344 # Kazakhstan, Kirghizia, Uzbekistan, Turkmenia, Tajikistan. 2345 # 2346 # Apparently there were last minute changes. Apparently Kazakh act No. 170 2347 # was one of such changes. 2348 # 2349 # https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/_ 2350 # claims that Sovetskaya Rossiya newspaper on 1991-03-29 published that 2351 # Nenets autonomous okrug, Komi and Kazakhstan (excluding Uralsk oblast) 2352 # were to not move clocks and Uralsk oblast was to move clocks 2353 # forward; on 1991-09-29 Kazakhstan was to move clocks backwards. 2354 # (Probably there were changes even after that publication. There is an 2355 # article claiming that Kaliningrad oblast decided on 1991-03-29 to not 2356 # move clocks.) 2357 # 2358 # This implies that on 1991-03-31 Asia/Oral remained on +04/+05 while 2359 # the rest of Kazakhstan switched from +06/+07 to +05/06 or from +05/06 2360 # to +04/+05. It's unclear how Qyzylorda oblast moved into the fifth 2361 # time belt. (By switching from +04/+05 to +05/+06 on 1991-09-29?) ... 2362 # 2363 # 1. Act of the Cabinet of Ministers of the Republic of Kazakhstan 2364 # from 1992-01-13 No. 28 2365 # http://adilet.zan.kz/rus/docs/P920000028_ 2366 # (text includes modification from the 1996 act) 2367 # introduced new rules for calculation of time, mirroring Russian 2368 # 1992-01-08 act. It specified that time would be calculated 2369 # according to time belts plus extra hour ("decree time"), moved clocks 2370 # on the whole territory of Kazakhstan 1 hour forward on 1992-01-19 at 2371 # 2:00, specified DST rules. It acknowledged that Kazakhstan was 2372 # located in the fourth and the fifth time belts and specified the 2373 # border between them to be located east of Qostanay and Aktyubinsk 2374 # oblasts (notably including Turgai and Qyzylorda oblasts into the fifth 2375 # time belt). 2376 # 2377 # This means switch on 1992-01-19 at 2:00 from +04/+05 to +05/+06 for 2378 # Asia/Aqtau, Asia/Aqtobe, Asia/Oral, Atyra and Qostanay oblasts; from 2379 # +05/+06 to +06/+07 for Asia/Almaty and Asia/Qyzylorda (and Arkalyk).... 2380 # 2381 # 2. Act of the Cabinet of Ministers of the Republic of Kazakhstan 2382 # from 1992-03-27 No. 284 2383 # http://adilet.zan.kz/rus/docs/P920000284_ 2384 # cancels extra hour ("decree time") for Uralsk and Qyzylorda oblasts 2385 # since the last Sunday of March 1992, while keeping them in the fourth 2386 # and the fifth time belts respectively. 2387 # 2388 # 3. Order of the Prime Minister of the Republic of Kazakhstan 2389 # from 1994-09-23 No. 384 2390 # http://adilet.zan.kz/rus/docs/R940000384_ 2391 # cancels the extra hour ("decree time") on the territory of Mangghysta 2392 # oblast since the last Sunday of September 1994 (saying that time on 2393 # the territory would correspond to the third time belt as a 2394 # result).... 2395 # 2396 # 4. Act of the Government of the Republic of Kazakhstan 2397 # from 1996-05-08 No. 575 2398 # http://adilet.zan.kz/rus/docs/P960000575_ 2399 # amends the 1992-01-13 act to end summer time in October instead 2400 # of September, mirroring identical Russian change from 1996-04-23 act. 2401 # 2402 # 5. Act of the Government of the Republic of Kazakhstan 2403 # from 1999-03-26 No. 305 2404 # http://adilet.zan.kz/rus/docs/P990000305_ 2405 # cancels the extra hour ("decree time") for Atyra oblast since the 2406 # last Sunday of March 1999 while retaining the oblast in the fourth 2407 # time belt. 2408 # 2409 # This means change from +05/+06 to +04/+05.... 2410 # 2411 # 6. Act of the Government of the Republic of Kazakhstan 2412 # from 2000-11-23 No. 1749 2413 # http://adilet.zan.kz/rus/archive/docs/P000001749_/23.11.2000 2414 # replaces the previous five documents. 2415 # 2416 # The only changes I noticed are in definition of the border between the 2417 # fourth and the fifth time belts. They account for changes in spelling 2418 # and administrative division (splitting of Turgai oblast in 1997 2419 # probably changed time in territories incorporated into Qostanay oblast 2420 # (including Arkalyk) from +06/+07 to +05/+06) and move Qyzylorda oblast 2421 # from being in the fifth time belt and not using decree time into the 2422 # fourth time belt (no change in practice). 2423 # 2424 # 7. Act of the Government of the Republic of Kazakhstan 2425 # from 2003-12-29 No. 1342 2426 # http://adilet.zan.kz/rus/docs/P030001342_ 2427 # modified the 2000-11-23 act. No relevant changes, apparently. 2428 # 2429 # 8. Act of the Government of the Republic of Kazakhstan 2430 # from 2004-07-20 No. 775 2431 # http://adilet.zan.kz/rus/archive/docs/P040000775_/20.07.2004 2432 # modified the 2000-11-23 act to move Qostanay and Qyzylorda oblasts into 2433 # the fifth time belt and add Aktobe oblast to the list of regions not 2434 # using extra hour ("decree time"), leaving Kazakhstan with only 2 time 2435 # zones (+04/+05 and +06/+07). The changes were to be implemented 2436 # during DST transitions in 2004 and 2005 but the acts got radically 2437 # amended before implementation happened. 2438 # 2439 # 9. Act of the Government of the Republic of Kazakhstan 2440 # from 2004-09-15 No. 1059 2441 # http://adilet.zan.kz/rus/docs/P040001059_ 2442 # modified the 2000-11-23 act to remove exceptions from the "decree time" 2443 # (leaving Kazakhstan in +05/+06 and +06/+07 zones), amended the 2444 # 2004-07-20 act to implement changes for Atyra, West Kazakhstan, 2445 # Qostanay, Qyzylorda and Mangghysta oblasts by not moving clocks 2446 # during the 2004 transition to "winter" time. 2447 # 2448 # This means transition from +04/+05 to +05/+06 for Atyra oblast (no 2449 # zone currently), Asia/Oral, Asia/Aqtau and transition from +05/+06 to 2450 # +06/+07 for Qostanay oblast (Qostanay and Arkalyk, no zones currently) 2451 # and Asia/Qyzylorda on 2004-10-31 at 3:00.... 2452 # 2453 # 10. Act of the Government of the Republic of Kazakhstan 2454 # from 2005-03-15 No. 231 2455 # http://adilet.zan.kz/rus/docs/P050000231_ 2456 # removes DST provisions from the 2000-11-23 act, removes most of the 2457 # (already implemented) provisions from the 2004-07-20 and 2004-09-15 2458 # acts, comes into effect 10 days after official publication. 2459 # The only practical effect seems to be the abolition of the summer 2460 # time. 2461 # 2462 # Unamended version of the act of the Government of the Russian Federation 2463 # No. 23 from 1992-01-08 [See 'europe' file for details]. 2464 # Kazakh 1992-01-13 act appears to provide the same rules and 1992-03-27 2465 # act was to be enacted on the last Sunday of March 1992. 2466 2467 # From Stepan Golosunov (2016-11-08): 2468 # Turgai reorganization should affect only southern part of Qostanay 2469 # oblast. Which should probably be separated into Asia/Arkalyk zone. 2470 # (There were also 1970, 1988 and 1990 Turgai oblast reorganizations 2471 # according to wikipedia.) 2472 # 2473 # [For Qostanay] http://www.ng.kz/gazeta/195/hranit/ 2474 # suggests that clocks were to be moved 40 minutes backwards on 2475 # 1920-01-01 to the fourth time belt. But I do not understand 2476 # how that could happen.... 2477 # 2478 # [For Atyrau and Oral] 1919 decree 2479 # (http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_russia-1919-02-08.html 2480 # and in Byalokoz) lists Ural river (plus 10 versts on its left bank) in 2481 # the third time belt (before 1930 this means +03). 2482 2483 # From Alexander Konzurovski (2018-12-20): 2484 # (Asia/Qyzylorda) is changing its time zone from UTC+6 to UTC+5 2485 # effective December 21st, 2018.... 2486 # http://adilet.zan.kz/rus/docs/P1800000817 (russian language). 2487 2488 # From Zhanbolat Raimbekov (2024-01-19): 2489 # Kazakhstan (all parts) switching to UTC+5 on March 1, 2024 2490 # https://www.gov.kz/memleket/entities/mti/press/news/details/688998?lang=ru 2491 # [in Russian] 2492 # (2024-01-20): https://primeminister.kz/ru/decisions/19012024-20 2493 # 2494 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2024-01-19): 2495 # According to a different news and the official web site for the Ministry of 2496 # Trade and Integration of the Republic of Kazakhstan: 2497 # https://en.inform.kz/news/kazakhstan-to-switch-to-single-hour-zone-mar-1-54ad0b/ 2498 2499 # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2500 # 2501 # Almaty (formerly Alma-Ata), representing most locations in Kazakhstan 2502 # This includes Abai/Abay (ISO 3166-2 code KZ-10), Aqmola/Akmola (KZ-11), 2503 # Almaty (KZ-19), Almaty city (KZ-75), Astana city (KZ-71), 2504 # East Kazakhstan (KZ-63), Jambyl/Zhambyl (KZ-31), Jetisu/Zhetysu (KZ-33), 2505 # Karaganda (KZ-35), North Kazakhstan (KZ-59), Pavlodar (KZ-55), 2506 # Shymkent city (KZ-79), Turkistan (KZ-61), and Ulytau (KZ-62). 2507 Zone Asia/Almaty 5:07:48 - LMT 1924 May 2 # or Alma-Ata 2508 5:00 - %z 1930 Jun 21 2509 6:00 RussiaAsia %z 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 2510 5:00 RussiaAsia %z 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 2511 6:00 RussiaAsia %z 2004 Oct 31 2:00s 2512 6:00 - %z 2024 Mar 1 0:00 2513 5:00 - %z 2514 # Qyzylorda (aka Kyzylorda, Kizilorda, Kzyl-Orda, etc.) (KZ-43) 2515 Zone Asia/Qyzylorda 4:21:52 - LMT 1924 May 2 2516 4:00 - %z 1930 Jun 21 2517 5:00 - %z 1981 Apr 1 2518 5:00 1:00 %z 1981 Oct 1 2519 6:00 - %z 1982 Apr 1 2520 5:00 RussiaAsia %z 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 2521 4:00 RussiaAsia %z 1991 Sep 29 2:00s 2522 5:00 RussiaAsia %z 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 2523 6:00 RussiaAsia %z 1992 Mar 29 2:00s 2524 5:00 RussiaAsia %z 2004 Oct 31 2:00s 2525 6:00 - %z 2018 Dec 21 0:00 2526 5:00 - %z 2527 # Qostanay (aka Kostanay, Kustanay) (KZ-39) 2528 # The 1991/2 rules are unclear partly because of the 1997 Turgai 2529 # reorganization. 2530 Zone Asia/Qostanay 4:14:28 - LMT 1924 May 2 2531 4:00 - %z 1930 Jun 21 2532 5:00 - %z 1981 Apr 1 2533 5:00 1:00 %z 1981 Oct 1 2534 6:00 - %z 1982 Apr 1 2535 5:00 RussiaAsia %z 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 2536 4:00 RussiaAsia %z 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 2537 5:00 RussiaAsia %z 2004 Oct 31 2:00s 2538 6:00 - %z 2024 Mar 1 0:00 2539 5:00 - %z 2540 # Aqtbe (aka Aktobe, formerly Aktyubinsk) (KZ-15) 2541 Zone Asia/Aqtobe 3:48:40 - LMT 1924 May 2 2542 4:00 - %z 1930 Jun 21 2543 5:00 - %z 1981 Apr 1 2544 5:00 1:00 %z 1981 Oct 1 2545 6:00 - %z 1982 Apr 1 2546 5:00 RussiaAsia %z 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 2547 4:00 RussiaAsia %z 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 2548 5:00 RussiaAsia %z 2004 Oct 31 2:00s 2549 5:00 - %z 2550 # Mangghysta (KZ-47) 2551 # Aqtau was not founded until 1963, but it represents an inhabited region, 2552 # so include timestamps before 1963. 2553 Zone Asia/Aqtau 3:21:04 - LMT 1924 May 2 2554 4:00 - %z 1930 Jun 21 2555 5:00 - %z 1981 Oct 1 2556 6:00 - %z 1982 Apr 1 2557 5:00 RussiaAsia %z 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 2558 4:00 RussiaAsia %z 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 2559 5:00 RussiaAsia %z 1994 Sep 25 2:00s 2560 4:00 RussiaAsia %z 2004 Oct 31 2:00s 2561 5:00 - %z 2562 # Atyra (KZ-23) is like Mangghysta except it switched from 2563 # +04/+05 to +05/+06 in spring 1999, not fall 1994. 2564 Zone Asia/Atyrau 3:27:44 - LMT 1924 May 2 2565 3:00 - %z 1930 Jun 21 2566 5:00 - %z 1981 Oct 1 2567 6:00 - %z 1982 Apr 1 2568 5:00 RussiaAsia %z 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 2569 4:00 RussiaAsia %z 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 2570 5:00 RussiaAsia %z 1999 Mar 28 2:00s 2571 4:00 RussiaAsia %z 2004 Oct 31 2:00s 2572 5:00 - %z 2573 # West Kazakhstan (KZ-27) 2574 # From Paul Eggert (2016-03-18): 2575 # The 1989 transition is from USSR act No. 227 (1989-03-14). 2576 Zone Asia/Oral 3:25:24 - LMT 1924 May 2 # or Ural'sk 2577 3:00 - %z 1930 Jun 21 2578 5:00 - %z 1981 Apr 1 2579 5:00 1:00 %z 1981 Oct 1 2580 6:00 - %z 1982 Apr 1 2581 5:00 RussiaAsia %z 1989 Mar 26 2:00s 2582 4:00 RussiaAsia %z 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 2583 5:00 RussiaAsia %z 1992 Mar 29 2:00s 2584 4:00 RussiaAsia %z 2004 Oct 31 2:00s 2585 5:00 - %z 2586 2587 # Kyrgyzstan (Kirgizstan) 2588 # Transitions through 1991 are from Shanks & Pottenger. 2589 2590 # From Paul Eggert (2005-08-15): 2591 # According to an article dated today in the Kyrgyzstan Development Gateway 2592 # http://eng.gateway.kg/cgi-bin/page.pl?id=1&story_name=doc9979.shtml 2593 # Kyrgyzstan is canceling the daylight saving time system. I take the article 2594 # to mean that they will leave their clocks at 6 hours ahead of UTC. 2595 # From Malik Abdugaliev (2005-09-21): 2596 # Our government cancels daylight saving time 6th of August 2005. 2597 # From 2005-08-12 our GMT-offset is +6, w/o any daylight saving. 2598 2599 # Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 2600 Rule Kyrgyz 1992 1996 - Apr Sun>=7 0:00s 1:00 - 2601 Rule Kyrgyz 1992 1996 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 - 2602 Rule Kyrgyz 1997 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:30 1:00 - 2603 Rule Kyrgyz 1997 2004 - Oct lastSun 2:30 0 - 2604 # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2605 Zone Asia/Bishkek 4:58:24 - LMT 1924 May 2 2606 5:00 - %z 1930 Jun 21 2607 6:00 RussiaAsia %z 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 2608 5:00 RussiaAsia %z 1991 Aug 31 2:00 2609 5:00 Kyrgyz %z 2005 Aug 12 2610 6:00 - %z 2611 2612 ############################################################################### 2613 2614 # Korea (North and South) 2615 2616 # From Annie I. Bang (2006-07-10): 2617 # http://www.koreaherald.com/view.php?ud=200607100012 2618 # Korea ran a daylight saving program from 1949-61 but stopped it 2619 # during the 1950-53 Korean War. The system was temporarily enforced 2620 # between 1987 and 1988 ... 2621 2622 # From Sanghyuk Jung (2014-10-29): 2623 # https://mm.icann.org/pipermail/tz/2014-October/021830.html 2624 # According to the Korean Wikipedia 2625 # https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/_ 2626 # [oldid=12896437 2014-09-04 08:03 UTC] 2627 # DST in Republic of Korea was as follows.... And I checked old 2628 # newspapers in Korean, all articles correspond with data in Wikipedia. 2629 # For example, the article in 1948 (Korean Language) proved that DST 2630 # started at June 1 in that year. For another example, the article in 2631 # 1988 said that DST started at 2:00 AM in that year. 2632 2633 # From Phake Nick (2018-10-27): 2634 # 1. According to official announcement from Korean government, the DST end 2635 # date in South Korea should be 2636 # 1955-09-08 without specifying time 2637 # http://theme.archives.go.kr/next/common/viewEbook.do?singleData=N&archiveEventId=0027977557 2638 # 1956-09-29 without specifying time 2639 # http://theme.archives.go.kr/next/common/viewEbook.do?singleData=N&archiveEventId=0027978341 2640 # 1957-09-21 24 o'clock 2641 # http://theme.archives.go.kr/next/common/viewEbook.do?singleData=N&archiveEventId=0027979690#3 2642 # 1958-09-20 24 o'clock 2643 # http://theme.archives.go.kr/next/common/viewEbook.do?singleData=N&archiveEventId=0027981189 2644 # 1959-09-19 24 o'clock 2645 # http://theme.archives.go.kr/next/common/viewEbook.do?singleData=N&archiveEventId=0027982974#2 2646 # 1960-09-17 24 o'clock 2647 # http://theme.archives.go.kr/next/common/viewEbook.do?singleData=N&archiveEventId=0028044104 2648 # ... 2649 # 2.... https://namu.wiki/w/%20 ... [says] 2650 # when Korea was using GMT+8:30 as standard time, the international 2651 # aviation/marine/meteorological industry in the country refused to 2652 # follow and continued to use GMT+9:00 for interoperability. 2653 2654 2655 # Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 2656 Rule ROK 1948 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 D 2657 Rule ROK 1948 only - Sep 12 24:00 0 S 2658 Rule ROK 1949 only - Apr 3 0:00 1:00 D 2659 Rule ROK 1949 1951 - Sep Sat>=7 24:00 0 S 2660 Rule ROK 1950 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D 2661 Rule ROK 1951 only - May 6 0:00 1:00 D 2662 Rule ROK 1955 only - May 5 0:00 1:00 D 2663 Rule ROK 1955 only - Sep 8 24:00 0 S 2664 Rule ROK 1956 only - May 20 0:00 1:00 D 2665 Rule ROK 1956 only - Sep 29 24:00 0 S 2666 Rule ROK 1957 1960 - May Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 D 2667 Rule ROK 1957 1960 - Sep Sat>=17 24:00 0 S 2668 Rule ROK 1987 1988 - May Sun>=8 2:00 1:00 D 2669 Rule ROK 1987 1988 - Oct Sun>=8 3:00 0 S 2670 2671 # From Paul Eggert (2016-08-23): 2672 # The Korean Wikipedia entry gives the following sources for UT offsets: 2673 # 2674 # 1908: Official Journal Article No. 3994 (decree No. 5) 2675 # 1912: Governor-General of Korea Official Gazette Issue No. 367 2676 # (Announcement No. 338) 2677 # 1954: Presidential Decree No. 876 (1954-03-17) 2678 # 1961: Law No. 676 (1961-08-07) 2679 # 2680 # (Another source "1987: Law No. 3919 (1986-12-31)" was in the 2014-10-30 2681 # edition of the Korean Wikipedia entry.) 2682 # 2683 # I guessed that time zone abbreviations through 1945 followed the same 2684 # rules as discussed under Taiwan, with nominal switches from JST to KST 2685 # when the respective cities were taken over by the Allies after WWII. 2686 # 2687 # For Pyongyang, guess no changes from World War II until 2015, as we 2688 # have no information otherwise. 2689 2690 # From Steffen Thorsen (2015-08-07): 2691 # According to many news sources, North Korea is going to change to 2692 # the 8:30 time zone on August 15, one example: 2693 # http://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-33815049 2694 # 2695 # From Paul Eggert (2015-08-15): 2696 # Bells rang out midnight (00:00) Friday as part of the celebrations. See: 2697 # Talmadge E. North Korea celebrates new time zone, 'Pyongyang Time' 2698 # http://news.yahoo.com/north-korea-celebrates-time-zone-pyongyang-time-164038128.html 2699 # There is no common English-language abbreviation for this time zone. 2700 # Use KST, as that's what we already use for 1954-1961 in ROK. 2701 2702 # From Kang Seonghoon (2018-04-29): 2703 # North Korea will revert its time zone from UTC+8:30 (PYT; Pyongyang 2704 # Time) back to UTC+9 (KST; Korea Standard Time). 2705 # 2706 # From Seo Sanghyeon (2018-04-30): 2707 # Rodong Sinmun 2018-04-30 announced Pyongyang Time transition plan. 2708 # https://www.nknews.org/kcna/wp-content/uploads/sites/5/2018/04/rodong-2018-04-30.pdf 2709 # ... the transition date is 2018-05-05 ... Citation should be Decree 2710 # No. 2232 of April 30, 2018, of the Presidium of the Supreme People's 2711 # Assembly, as published in Rodong Sinmun. 2712 # From Tim Parenti (2018-04-29): 2713 # It appears to be the front page story at the top in the right-most column. 2714 # 2715 # From Paul Eggert (2018-05-04): 2716 # The BBC reported that the transition was from 23:30 to 24:00 today. 2717 # https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-44010705 2718 2719 # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2720 Zone Asia/Seoul 8:27:52 - LMT 1908 Apr 1 2721 8:30 - KST 1912 Jan 1 2722 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 8 2723 9:00 ROK K%sT 1954 Mar 21 2724 8:30 ROK K%sT 1961 Aug 10 2725 9:00 ROK K%sT 2726 Zone Asia/Pyongyang 8:23:00 - LMT 1908 Apr 1 2727 8:30 - KST 1912 Jan 1 2728 9:00 - JST 1945 Aug 24 2729 9:00 - KST 2015 Aug 15 00:00 2730 8:30 - KST 2018 May 4 23:30 2731 9:00 - KST 2732 2733 # Kuwait 2734 # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2735 Zone Asia/Kuwait 3:11:56 - LMT 1950 2736 3:00 - +03 2737 2738 # Laos 2739 # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2740 Zone Asia/Vientiane 6:50:24 - LMT 1906 Jul 1 2741 7:06:30 - PLMT 1911 May 1 2742 7:00 - +07 1942 Dec 31 23:00 2743 8:00 - +08 1945 Mar 14 23:00 2744 9:00 - +09 1945 Sep 2 2745 7:00 - +07 1947 Apr 1 2746 8:00 - +08 1955 Apr 15 2747 7:00 - +07 2748 2749 # Lebanon 2750 # 2751 # From Saadallah Itani (2023-03-23): 2752 # Lebanon ... announced today delay of Spring forward from March 25 to April 20. 2753 # 2754 # From Paul Eggert (2023-03-27): 2755 # This announcement was by the Lebanese caretaker prime minister Najib Mikati. 2756 # https://www.mtv.com.lb/en/News/Local/1352516/lebanon-postpones-daylight-saving-time-adoption 2757 # A video was later leaked to the media of parliament speaker Nabih Berri 2758 # asking Mikati to postpone DST to aid observance of Ramadan, Mikati objecting 2759 # that this would cause problems such as scheduling airline flights, to which 2760 # Berri interjected, "What flights?" 2761 # 2762 # The change was controversial and led to a partly-sectarian divide. 2763 # Many Lebanese institutions, including the education ministry, the Maronite 2764 # church, and two news channels LCBI and MTV, ignored the announcement and 2765 # went ahead with the long-scheduled spring-forward on March 25/26, some 2766 # arguing that the prime minister had not followed the law because the change 2767 # had not been approved by the cabinet. Google went with the announcement; 2768 # Apple ignored it. At least one bank followed the announcement for its doors, 2769 # but ignored the announcement in internal computer systems. 2770 # Beirut international airport listed two times for each departure. 2771 # Dan Azzi wrote "My view is that this whole thing is a Dumb and Dumber movie." 2772 # Eventually the prime minister backed down, said the cabinet had decided to 2773 # stick with its 1998 decision, and that DST would begin midnight March 29/30. 2774 # https://www.nna-leb.gov.lb/en/miscellaneous/604093/lebanon-has-two-times-of-day-amid-daylight-savings 2775 # https://www.cnbc.com/2023/03/27/lebanon-in-two-different-time-zones-as-government-disagrees-on-daylight-savings.html 2776 # 2777 # Although we could model the chaos with two Zones, that would likely cause 2778 # more trouble than it would cure. Since so many manual clocks and 2779 # computer-based timestamps ignored the announcement, stick with official 2780 # cabinet resolutions in the data while recording the prime minister's 2781 # announcement as a comment. This is how we treated a similar situation in 2782 # Rio de Janeiro in spring 1993. 2783 # 2784 # Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 2785 Rule Lebanon 1920 only - Mar 28 0:00 1:00 S 2786 Rule Lebanon 1920 only - Oct 25 0:00 0 - 2787 Rule Lebanon 1921 only - Apr 3 0:00 1:00 S 2788 Rule Lebanon 1921 only - Oct 3 0:00 0 - 2789 Rule Lebanon 1922 only - Mar 26 0:00 1:00 S 2790 Rule Lebanon 1922 only - Oct 8 0:00 0 - 2791 Rule Lebanon 1923 only - Apr 22 0:00 1:00 S 2792 Rule Lebanon 1923 only - Sep 16 0:00 0 - 2793 Rule Lebanon 1957 1961 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S 2794 Rule Lebanon 1957 1961 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 2795 Rule Lebanon 1972 only - Jun 22 0:00 1:00 S 2796 Rule Lebanon 1972 1977 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 2797 Rule Lebanon 1973 1977 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S 2798 Rule Lebanon 1978 only - Apr 30 0:00 1:00 S 2799 Rule Lebanon 1978 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 - 2800 Rule Lebanon 1984 1987 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S 2801 Rule Lebanon 1984 1991 - Oct 16 0:00 0 - 2802 Rule Lebanon 1988 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S 2803 Rule Lebanon 1989 only - May 10 0:00 1:00 S 2804 Rule Lebanon 1990 1992 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S 2805 Rule Lebanon 1992 only - Oct 4 0:00 0 - 2806 Rule Lebanon 1993 max - Mar lastSun 0:00 1:00 S 2807 Rule Lebanon 1993 1998 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 - 2808 Rule Lebanon 1999 max - Oct lastSun 0:00 0 - 2809 # This one-time rule, announced by the prime minister first for April 21 2810 # then for March 30, is commented out for reasons described above. 2811 #Rule Lebanon 2023 only - Mar 30 0:00 1:00 S 2812 2813 # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2814 Zone Asia/Beirut 2:22:00 - LMT 1880 2815 2:00 Lebanon EE%sT 2816 2817 # Malaysia (eastern) 2818 # Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 2819 Rule NBorneo 1935 1941 - Sep 14 0:00 0:20 - 2820 Rule NBorneo 1935 1941 - Dec 14 0:00 0 - 2821 # 2822 # Peninsular Malaysia 2823 # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2824 Zone Asia/Kuala_Lumpur 6:46:46 - LMT 1901 Jan 1 2825 6:55:25 - SMT 1905 Jun 1 # Singapore M.T. 2826 7:00 - +07 1933 Jan 1 2827 7:00 0:20 +0720 1936 Jan 1 2828 7:20 - +0720 1941 Sep 1 2829 7:30 - +0730 1942 Feb 16 2830 9:00 - +09 1945 Sep 12 2831 7:30 - +0730 1981 Dec 31 16:00u 2832 8:00 - +08 2833 2834 # 2835 # Sabah & Sarawak 2836 # From Paul Eggert (2014-08-12): 2837 # The data entries here are mostly from Shanks & Pottenger, but the 1942, 1945 2838 # and 1982 transition dates are from Mok Ly Yng. 2839 # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2840 Zone Asia/Kuching 7:21:20 - LMT 1926 Mar 2841 7:30 - %z 1933 2842 8:00 NBorneo %z 1942 Feb 16 2843 9:00 - %z 1945 Sep 12 2844 8:00 - %z 2845 2846 # Maldives 2847 # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2848 Zone Indian/Maldives 4:54:00 - LMT 1880 # Mal 2849 4:54:00 - MMT 1960 # Mal Mean Time 2850 5:00 - %z 2851 2852 # Mongolia 2853 2854 # Shanks & Pottenger say that Mongolia has three time zones, but 2855 # The USNO (1995-12-21) and the CIA map Standard Time Zones of the World 2856 # (2005-03) both say that it has just one. 2857 2858 # From Oscar van Vlijmen (1999-12-11): 2859 # General Information Mongolia 2860 # <http://www.mongoliatourism.gov.mn/general.htm> (1999-09) 2861 # "Time: Mongolia has two time zones. Three westernmost provinces of 2862 # Bayan-lgii, Uvs, and Hovd are one hour earlier than the capital city, and 2863 # the rest of the country follows the Ulaanbaatar time, which is UTC/GMT plus 2864 # eight hours." 2865 2866 # From Rives McDow (1999-12-13): 2867 # Mongolia discontinued the use of daylight savings time in 1999; 1998 2868 # being the last year it was implemented. The dates of implementation I am 2869 # unsure of, but most probably it was similar to Russia, except for the time 2870 # of implementation may have been different.... 2871 # Some maps in the past have indicated that there was an additional time 2872 # zone in the eastern part of Mongolia, including the provinces of Dornod, 2873 # Skhbaatar, and possibly Khentii. 2874 2875 # From Paul Eggert (1999-12-15): 2876 # Naming and spelling is tricky in Mongolia. 2877 # We'll use Hovd (also spelled Chovd and Khovd) to represent the west zone; 2878 # the capital of the Hovd province is sometimes called Hovd, sometimes Dund-Us, 2879 # and sometimes Jirgalanta (with variant spellings), but the name Hovd 2880 # is good enough for our purposes. 2881 2882 # From Rives McDow (2001-05-13): 2883 # In addition to Mongolia starting daylight savings as reported earlier 2884 # (adopted DST on 2001-04-27 02:00 local time, ending 2001-09-28), 2885 # there are three time zones. 2886 # 2887 # Provinces [at 7:00]: Bayan-lgii, Uvs, Khovd, Zavkhan, Govi-Altai 2888 # Provinces [at 8:00]: Khvsgl, Bulgan, Arkhangai, Khentii, Tv, 2889 # Bayankhongor, vrkhangai, Dundgovi, Dornogovi, mngovi 2890 # Provinces [at 9:00]: Dornod, Skhbaatar 2891 # 2892 # [The province of Selenge is omitted from the above lists.] 2893 2894 # From Ganbold Ts., Ulaanbaatar (2004-04-17): 2895 # Daylight saving occurs at 02:00 local time last Saturday of March. 2896 # It will change back to normal at 02:00 local time last Saturday of 2897 # September.... As I remember this rule was changed in 2001. 2898 # 2899 # From Paul Eggert (2004-04-17): 2900 # For now, assume Rives McDow's informant got confused about Friday vs 2901 # Saturday, and that his 2001 dates should have 1 added to them. 2902 2903 # From Paul Eggert (2005-07-26): 2904 # We have wildly conflicting information about Mongolia's time zones. 2905 # Bill Bonnet (2005-05-19) reports that the US Embassy in Ulaanbaatar says 2906 # there is only one time zone and that DST is observed, citing Microsoft 2907 # Windows XP as the source. Risto Nyknen (2005-05-16) reports that 2908 # travelmongolia.org says there are two time zones (UT +07, +08) with no DST. 2909 # Oscar van Vlijmen (2005-05-20) reports that the Mongolian Embassy in 2910 # Washington, DC says there are two time zones, with DST observed. 2911 # He also found 2912 # http://ubpost.mongolnews.mn/index.php?subaction=showcomments&id=1111634894&archive=&start_from=&ucat=1& 2913 # which also says that there is DST, and which has a comment by "Toddius" 2914 # (2005-03-31 06:05 +0700) saying "Mongolia actually has 3.5 time zones. 2915 # The West (OLGII) is +7 GMT, most of the country is ULAT is +8 GMT 2916 # and some Eastern provinces are +9 GMT but Skhbaatar Aimag is SUHK +8.5 GMT. 2917 # The SUKH timezone is new this year, it is one of the few things the 2918 # parliament passed during the tumultuous winter session." 2919 # For now, let's ignore this information, until we have more confirmation. 2920 2921 # From Ganbold Ts. (2007-02-26): 2922 # Parliament of Mongolia has just changed the daylight-saving rule in February. 2923 # They decided not to adopt daylight-saving time.... 2924 # http://www.mongolnews.mn/index.php?module=unuudur&sec=view&id=15742 2925 2926 # From Deborah Goldsmith (2008-03-30): 2927 # We received a bug report claiming that the tz database UTC offset for 2928 # Asia/Choibalsan (GMT+09:00) is incorrect, and that it should be GMT 2929 # +08:00 instead. Different sources appear to disagree with the tz 2930 # database on this, e.g.: 2931 # 2932 # https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/city.html?n=1026 2933 # http://www.worldtimeserver.com/current_time_in_MN.aspx 2934 # 2935 # both say GMT+08:00. 2936 2937 # From Steffen Thorsen (2008-03-31): 2938 # eznis airways, which operates several domestic flights, has a flight 2939 # schedule here: 2940 # http://www.eznis.com/Container.jsp?id=112 2941 # (click the English flag for English) 2942 # 2943 # There it appears that flights between Choibalsan and Ulaanbaatar arrive 2944 # about 1:35 - 1:50 hours later in local clock time, no matter the 2945 # direction, while Ulaanbaatar-Khovd takes 2 hours in the Eastern 2946 # direction and 3:35 back, which indicates that Ulaanbaatar and Khovd are 2947 # in different time zones (like we know about), while Choibalsan and 2948 # Ulaanbaatar are in the same time zone (correction needed). 2949 2950 # From Arthur David Olson (2008-05-19): 2951 # Assume that Choibalsan is indeed offset by 8:00. 2952 2953 # From Heitor David Pinto (2024-06-23): 2954 # Sources about time zones in Mongolia seem to list one of two conflicting 2955 # configurations. The first configuration, mentioned in a comment to the TZ 2956 # database in 1999, citing a Mongolian government website, lists the provinces 2957 # of Bayan-lgii, Khovd and Uvs in UTC+7, and the rest of the country in 2958 # UTC+8. The second configuration, mentioned in a comment to the database in 2959 # 2001, lists Bayan-lgii, Khovd, Uvs, Govi-Altai and Zavkhan in UTC+7, Dornod 2960 # and Skhbaatar in UTC+9, and the rest of the country in UTC+8. 2961 # 2962 # The first configuration is still mentioned by several Mongolian travel 2963 # agencies: 2964 # https://www.adventurerider.mn/en/page/about_mongolia 2965 # http://www.naturetours.mn/nt/mongolia.php 2966 # https://www.newjuulchin.mn/web/content/7506?unique=fa24a0f6e96e022a3578ee5195ac879638c734ce 2967 # 2968 # It also matches these flight schedules in 2013: 2969 # http://web.archive.org/web/20130722023600/https://www.hunnuair.com/en/timetabled 2970 # The flight times imply that the airports of Uliastai (Zavkhan), Choibalsan 2971 # (Dornod) and Altai (Govi-Altai) are in the same time zone as Ulaanbaatar, 2972 # and Khovd is one hour behind.... 2973 # 2974 # The second configuration was mentioned by an official of the Mongolian 2975 # standards agency in an interview in 2014: https://ikon.mn/n/9v6 2976 # And it's still listed by the Mongolian aviation agency: 2977 # https://ais.mn/files/aip/eAIP/2023-12-25/html/eSUP/ZM-eSUP-23-04-en-MN.html 2978 # 2979 # ... I believe that the first configuration is what is actually observed in 2980 # Mongolia and has been so all along, at least since 1999. The second 2981 # configuration closely matches the ideal time zone boundaries at 97.5 E and 2982 # 112.5 E but it doesn't seem to be used in practice. 2983 2984 # From Ganbold Tsagaankhuu (2015-03-10): 2985 # It seems like yesterday Mongolian Government meeting has concluded to use 2986 # daylight saving time in Mongolia.... Starting at 2:00AM of last Saturday of 2987 # March 2015, daylight saving time starts. And 00:00AM of last Saturday of 2988 # September daylight saving time ends. Source: 2989 # http://zasag.mn/news/view/8969 2990 2991 # Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 2992 Rule Mongol 1983 1984 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 - 2993 Rule Mongol 1983 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 2994 # Shanks & Pottenger and IATA SSIM say 1990s switches occurred at 00:00, 2995 # but McDow says the 2001 switches occurred at 02:00. Also, IATA SSIM 2996 # (1996-09) says 1996-10-25. Go with Shanks & Pottenger through 1998. 2997 # 2998 # Shanks & Pottenger say that the Sept. 1984 through Sept. 1990 switches 2999 # in Choibalsan (more precisely, in Dornod and Skhbaatar) took place 3000 # at 02:00 standard time, not at 00:00 local time as in the rest of 3001 # the country. That would be odd, and possibly is a result of their 3002 # correction of 02:00 (in the previous edition) not being done correctly 3003 # in the latest edition; so ignore it for now. 3004 3005 # From Ganbold Tsagaankhuu (2017-02-09): 3006 # Mongolian Government meeting has concluded today to cancel daylight 3007 # saving time adoption in Mongolia. Source: http://zasag.mn/news/view/16192 3008 3009 Rule Mongol 1985 1998 - Mar lastSun 0:00 1:00 - 3010 Rule Mongol 1984 1998 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 - 3011 # IATA SSIM (1999-09) says Mongolia no longer observes DST. 3012 Rule Mongol 2001 only - Apr lastSat 2:00 1:00 - 3013 Rule Mongol 2001 2006 - Sep lastSat 2:00 0 - 3014 Rule Mongol 2002 2006 - Mar lastSat 2:00 1:00 - 3015 Rule Mongol 2015 2016 - Mar lastSat 2:00 1:00 - 3016 Rule Mongol 2015 2016 - Sep lastSat 0:00 0 - 3017 3018 # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 3019 # Hovd, a.k.a. Chovd, Dund-Us, Dzhargalant, Khovd, Jirgalanta 3020 Zone Asia/Hovd 6:06:36 - LMT 1905 Aug 3021 6:00 - %z 1978 3022 7:00 Mongol %z 3023 # Ulaanbaatar, a.k.a. Ulan Bataar, Ulan Bator, Urga 3024 Zone Asia/Ulaanbaatar 7:07:32 - LMT 1905 Aug 3025 7:00 - %z 1978 3026 8:00 Mongol %z 3027 3028 # Nepal 3029 # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 3030 Zone Asia/Kathmandu 5:41:16 - LMT 1920 3031 5:30 - %z 1986 3032 5:45 - %z 3033 3034 # Oman 3035 # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 3036 Zone Asia/Muscat 3:54:24 - LMT 1920 3037 4:00 - +04 3038 3039 # Pakistan 3040 3041 # From Rives McDow (2002-03-13): 3042 # I have been advised that Pakistan has decided to adopt dst on a 3043 # TRIAL basis for one year, starting 00:01 local time on April 7, 2002 3044 # and ending at 00:01 local time October 6, 2002. This is what I was 3045 # told, but I believe that the actual time of change may be 00:00; the 3046 # 00:01 was to make it clear which day it was on. 3047 3048 # From Paul Eggert (2002-03-15): 3049 # Jesper Nrgaard found this URL: 3050 # http://www.pak.gov.pk/public/news/app/app06_dec.htm 3051 # (dated 2001-12-06) which says that the Cabinet adopted a scheme "to 3052 # advance the clocks by one hour on the night between the first 3053 # Saturday and Sunday of April and revert to the original position on 3054 # 15th October each year". This agrees with McDow's 04-07 at 00:00, 3055 # but disagrees about the October transition, and makes it sound like 3056 # it's not on a trial basis. Also, the "between the first Saturday 3057 # and Sunday of April" phrase, if taken literally, means that the 3058 # transition takes place at 00:00 on the first Sunday on or after 04-02. 3059 3060 # From Paul Eggert (2003-02-09): 3061 # DAWN <http://www.dawn.com/2002/10/06/top13.htm> reported on 2002-10-05 3062 # that 2002 DST ended that day at midnight. Go with McDow for now. 3063 3064 # From Steffen Thorsen (2003-03-14): 3065 # According to http://www.dawn.com/2003/03/07/top15.htm 3066 # there will be no DST in Pakistan this year: 3067 # 3068 # ISLAMABAD, March 6: Information and Media Development Minister Sheikh 3069 # Rashid Ahmed on Thursday said the cabinet had reversed a previous 3070 # decision to advance clocks by one hour in summer and put them back by 3071 # one hour in winter with the aim of saving light hours and energy. 3072 # 3073 # The minister told a news conference that the experiment had rather 3074 # shown 8 per cent higher consumption of electricity. 3075 3076 # From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-05-15): 3077 # 3078 # Here is an article that Pakistan plan to introduce Daylight Saving Time 3079 # on June 1, 2008 for 3 months. 3080 # 3081 # "... The federal cabinet on Wednesday announced a new conservation plan to 3082 # help reduce load shedding by approving the closure of commercial centres at 3083 # 9pm and moving clocks forward by one hour for the next three months. ...." 3084 # 3085 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_pakistan01.html 3086 # http://www.dailytimes.com.pk/default.asp?page=2008\05\15\story_15-5-2008_pg1_4 3087 3088 # From Arthur David Olson (2008-05-19): 3089 # XXX--midnight transitions is a guess; 2008 only is a guess. 3090 3091 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2008-08-28): 3092 # Pakistan government has decided to keep the watches one-hour advanced 3093 # for another 2 months - plan to return to Standard Time on October 31 3094 # instead of August 31. 3095 # 3096 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_pakistan02.html 3097 # http://dailymailnews.com/200808/28/news/dmbrn03.html 3098 3099 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-04-08): 3100 # Based on previous media reports that "... proposed plan to 3101 # advance clocks by one hour from May 1 will cause disturbance 3102 # to the working schedules rather than bringing discipline in 3103 # official working." 3104 # http://www.thenews.com.pk/daily_detail.asp?id=171280 3105 # 3106 # recent news that instead of May 2009 - Pakistan plan to 3107 # introduce DST from April 15, 2009 3108 # 3109 # FYI: Associated Press Of Pakistan 3110 # April 08, 2009 3111 # Cabinet okays proposal to advance clocks by one hour from April 15 3112 # http://www.app.com.pk/en_/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=73043&Itemid=1 3113 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_pakistan05.html 3114 # 3115 # .... 3116 # The Federal Cabinet on Wednesday approved the proposal to 3117 # advance clocks in the country by one hour from April 15 to 3118 # conserve energy" 3119 3120 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-09-17): 3121 # "The News International," Pakistan reports that: "The Federal 3122 # Government has decided to restore the previous time by moving the 3123 # clocks backward by one hour from October 1. A formal announcement to 3124 # this effect will be made after the Prime Minister grants approval in 3125 # this regard." 3126 # http://www.thenews.com.pk/updates.asp?id=87168 3127 3128 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-09-28): 3129 # According to Associated Press Of Pakistan, it is confirmed that 3130 # Pakistan clocks across the country would be turned back by an hour from 3131 # October 1, 2009. 3132 # 3133 # "Clocks to go back one hour from 1 Oct" 3134 # http://www.app.com.pk/en_/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=86715&Itemid=2 3135 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_pakistan07.htm 3136 # 3137 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-09-29): 3138 # Now they seem to have changed their mind, November 1 is the new date: 3139 # http://www.thenews.com.pk/top_story_detail.asp?Id=24742 3140 # "The country's clocks will be reversed by one hour on November 1. 3141 # Officials of Federal Ministry for Interior told this to Geo News on 3142 # Monday." 3143 # 3144 # And more importantly, it seems that these dates will be kept every year: 3145 # "It has now been decided that clocks will be wound forward by one hour 3146 # on April 15 and reversed by an hour on November 1 every year without 3147 # obtaining prior approval, the officials added." 3148 # 3149 # We have confirmed this year's end date with both with the Ministry of 3150 # Water and Power and the Pakistan Electric Power Company: 3151 # https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/pakistan-ends-dst09.html 3152 3153 # From Christoph Ghre (2009-10-01): 3154 # [T]he German Consulate General in Karachi reported me today that Pakistan 3155 # will go back to standard time on 1st of November. 3156 3157 # From Steffen Thorsen (2010-03-26): 3158 # Steffen Thorsen wrote: 3159 # > On Thursday (2010-03-25) it was announced that DST would start in 3160 # > Pakistan on 2010-04-01. 3161 # > 3162 # > Then today, the president said that they might have to revert the 3163 # > decision if it is not supported by the parliament. So at the time 3164 # > being, it seems unclear if DST will be actually observed or not - but 3165 # > April 1 could be a more likely date than April 15. 3166 # Now, it seems that the decision to not observe DST in final: 3167 # 3168 # "Govt Withdraws Plan To Advance Clocks" 3169 # http://www.apakistannews.com/govt-withdraws-plan-to-advance-clocks-172041 3170 # 3171 # "People laud PM's announcement to end DST" 3172 # http://www.app.com.pk/en_/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=99374&Itemid=2 3173 3174 # Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 3175 Rule Pakistan 2002 only - Apr Sun>=2 0:00 1:00 S 3176 Rule Pakistan 2002 only - Oct Sun>=2 0:00 0 - 3177 Rule Pakistan 2008 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S 3178 Rule Pakistan 2008 2009 - Nov 1 0:00 0 - 3179 Rule Pakistan 2009 only - Apr 15 0:00 1:00 S 3180 3181 # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 3182 Zone Asia/Karachi 4:28:12 - LMT 1907 3183 5:30 - %z 1942 Sep 3184 5:30 1:00 %z 1945 Oct 15 3185 5:30 - %z 1951 Sep 30 3186 5:00 - %z 1971 Mar 26 3187 5:00 Pakistan PK%sT # Pakistan Time 3188 3189 # Palestine 3190 3191 # From Amos Shapir (1998-02-15): 3192 # 3193 # From 1917 until 1948-05-15, all of Palestine, including the parts now 3194 # known as the Gaza Strip and the West Bank, was under British rule. 3195 # Therefore the rules given for Israel for that period, apply there too... 3196 # 3197 # The Gaza Strip was under Egyptian rule between 1948-05-15 until 1967-06-05 3198 # (except a short occupation by Israel from 1956-11 till 1957-03, but no 3199 # time zone was affected then). It was never formally annexed to Egypt, 3200 # though. 3201 # 3202 # The rest of Palestine was under Jordanian rule at that time, formally 3203 # annexed in 1950 as the West Bank (and the word "Trans" was dropped from 3204 # the country's previous name of "the Hashemite Kingdom of the 3205 # Trans-Jordan"). So the rules for Jordan for that time apply. Major 3206 # towns in that area are Nablus (Shchem), El-Halil (Hebron), Ramallah, and 3207 # East Jerusalem. 3208 # 3209 # Both areas were occupied by Israel in June 1967, but not annexed (except 3210 # for East Jerusalem). They were on Israel time since then; there might 3211 # have been a Military Governor's order about time zones, but I'm not aware 3212 # of any (such orders may have been issued semi-annually whenever summer 3213 # time was in effect, but maybe the legal aspect of time was just neglected). 3214 # 3215 # The Palestinian Authority was established in 1993, and got hold of most 3216 # towns in the West Bank and Gaza by 1995. I know that in order to 3217 # demonstrate...independence, they have been switching to 3218 # summer time and back on a different schedule than Israel's, but I don't 3219 # know when this was started, or what algorithm is used (most likely the 3220 # Jordanian one). 3221 # 3222 # To summarize, the table should probably look something like that: 3223 # 3224 # Area \ when | 1918-1947 | 1948-1967 | 1967-1995 | 1996- 3225 # ------------+-----------+-----------+-----------+----------- 3226 # Israel | Zion | Zion | Zion | Zion 3227 # West bank | Zion | Jordan | Zion | Jordan 3228 # Gaza | Zion | Egypt | Zion | Jordan 3229 # 3230 # I guess more info may be available from the PA's web page (if/when they 3231 # have one). 3232 3233 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 3234 # Shanks & Pottenger write that Gaza did not observe DST until 1957, but go 3235 # with Shapir and assume that it observed DST from 1940 through 1947, 3236 # and that it used Jordanian rules starting in 1996. 3237 # We don't yet need a separate entry for the West Bank, since 3238 # the only differences between it and Gaza that we know about 3239 # occurred before our cutoff date of 1970. 3240 # However, as we get more information, we may need to add entries 3241 # for parts of the West Bank as they transitioned from Israel's rules 3242 # to Palestine's rules. 3243 3244 # From IINS News Service - Israel - 1998-03-23 10:38:07 Israel time, 3245 # forwarded by Ephraim Silverberg: 3246 # 3247 # Despite the fact that Israel changed over to daylight savings time 3248 # last week, the PLO Authority (PA) has decided not to turn its clocks 3249 # one-hour forward at this time. As a sign of independence from Israeli rule, 3250 # the PA has decided to implement DST in April. 3251 3252 # From Paul Eggert (1999-09-20): 3253 # Daoud Kuttab writes in Holiday havoc 3254 # http://www.jpost.com/com/Archive/22.Apr.1999/Opinion/Article-2.html 3255 # (Jerusalem Post, 1999-04-22) that 3256 # the Palestinian National Authority changed to DST on 1999-04-15. 3257 # I vaguely recall that they switch back in October (sorry, forgot the source). 3258 # For now, let's assume that the spring switch was at 24:00, 3259 # and that they switch at 0:00 on the 3rd Fridays of April and October. 3260 3261 # From Paul Eggert (2005-11-22): 3262 # Starting 2004 transitions are from Steffen Thorsen's web site timeanddate.com. 3263 3264 # From Steffen Thorsen (2005-11-23): 3265 # A user from Gaza reported that Gaza made the change early because of 3266 # the Ramadan. Next year Ramadan will be even earlier, so I think 3267 # there is a good chance next year's end date will be around two weeks 3268 # earlier - the same goes for Jordan. 3269 3270 # From Steffen Thorsen (2006-08-17): 3271 # I was informed by a user in Bethlehem that in Bethlehem it started the 3272 # same day as Israel, and after checking with other users in the area, I 3273 # was informed that they started DST one day after Israel. I was not 3274 # able to find any authoritative sources at the time, nor details if 3275 # Gaza changed as well, but presumed Gaza to follow the same rules as 3276 # the West Bank. 3277 3278 # From Steffen Thorsen (2006-09-26): 3279 # according to the Palestine News Network (2006-09-19): 3280 # http://english.pnn.ps/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=596&Itemid=5 3281 # > The Council of Ministers announced that this year its winter schedule 3282 # > will begin early, as of midnight Thursday. It is also time to turn 3283 # > back the clocks for winter. Friday will begin an hour late this week. 3284 # I guess it is likely that next year's date will be moved as well, 3285 # because of the Ramadan. 3286 3287 # From Jesper Nrgaard Welen (2007-09-18): 3288 # According to Steffen Thorsen's web site the Gaza Strip and the rest of the 3289 # Palestinian territories left DST early on 13.th. of September at 2:00. 3290 3291 # From Paul Eggert (2007-09-20): 3292 # My understanding is that Gaza and the West Bank disagree even over when 3293 # the weekend is (Thursday+Friday versus Friday+Saturday), so I'd be a bit 3294 # surprised if they agreed about DST. But for now, assume they agree. 3295 # For lack of better information, predict that future changes will be 3296 # the 2nd Thursday of September at 02:00. 3297 3298 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2008-08-28): 3299 # Here is an article, that Mideast running on different clocks at Ramadan. 3300 # 3301 # Gaza Strip (as Egypt) ended DST at midnight Thursday (Aug 28, 2008), while 3302 # the West Bank will end Daylight Saving Time at midnight Sunday (Aug 31, 2008). 3303 # 3304 # http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/feedarticle/7759001 3305 # http://www.abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory?id=5676087 3306 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_gazastrip01.html 3307 3308 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-03-26): 3309 # According to the Palestine News Network (arabic.pnn.ps), Palestinian 3310 # government decided to start Daylight Time on Thursday night March 3311 # 26 and continue until the night of 27 September 2009. 3312 # 3313 # (in Arabic) 3314 # http://arabic.pnn.ps/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=50850 3315 # 3316 # (English translation) 3317 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_westbank01.html 3318 3319 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-08-31): 3320 # Palestine's Council of Ministers announced that they will revert back to 3321 # winter time on Friday, 2009-09-04. 3322 # 3323 # One news source: 3324 # http://www.safa.ps/ara/?action=showdetail&seid=4158 3325 # (Palestinian press agency, Arabic), 3326 # Google translate: "Decided that the Palestinian government in Ramallah 3327 # headed by Salam Fayyad, the start of work in time for the winter of 3328 # 2009, starting on Friday approved the fourth delay Sept. clock sixty 3329 # minutes per hour as of Friday morning." 3330 # 3331 # We are not sure if Gaza will do the same, last year they had a different 3332 # end date, we will keep this page updated: 3333 # https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/westbank-gaza-dst-2009.html 3334 3335 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-09-02): 3336 # Seems that Gaza Strip will go back to Winter Time same date as West Bank. 3337 # 3338 # According to Palestinian Ministry Of Interior, West Bank and Gaza Strip plan 3339 # to change time back to Standard time on September 4, 2009. 3340 # 3341 # "Winter time unite the West Bank and Gaza" 3342 # (from Palestinian National Authority): 3343 # http://www.moi.gov.ps/en/?page=633167343250594025&nid=11505 3344 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_gazastrip02.html 3345 3346 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2010-03-19): 3347 # According to Voice of Palestine DST will last for 191 days, from March 3348 # 26, 2010 till "the last Sunday before the tenth day of Tishri 3349 # (October), each year" (October 03, 2010?) 3350 # 3351 # http://palvoice.org/forums/showthread.php?t=245697 3352 # (in Arabic) 3353 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_westbank03.html 3354 3355 # From Steffen Thorsen (2010-03-24): 3356 # ...Ma'an News Agency reports that Hamas cabinet has decided it will 3357 # start one day later, at 12:01am. Not sure if they really mean 12:01am or 3358 # noon though: 3359 # 3360 # http://www.maannews.net/eng/ViewDetails.aspx?ID=271178 3361 # (Ma'an News Agency) 3362 # "At 12:01am Friday, clocks in Israel and the West Bank will change to 3363 # 1:01am, while Gaza clocks will change at 12:01am Saturday morning." 3364 3365 # From Steffen Thorsen (2010-08-11): 3366 # According to several sources, including 3367 # http://www.maannews.net/eng/ViewDetails.aspx?ID=306795 3368 # the clocks were set back one hour at 2010-08-11 00:00:00 local time in 3369 # Gaza and the West Bank. 3370 # Some more background info: 3371 # https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/westbank-gaza-end-dst-2010.html 3372 3373 # From Steffen Thorsen (2011-08-26): 3374 # Gaza and the West Bank did go back to standard time in the beginning of 3375 # August, and will now enter daylight saving time again on 2011-08-30 3376 # 00:00 (so two periods of DST in 2011). The pause was because of 3377 # Ramadan. 3378 # 3379 # http://www.maannews.net/eng/ViewDetails.aspx?ID=416217 3380 # Additional info: 3381 # https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/palestine-dst-2011.html 3382 3383 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2011-08-27): 3384 # According to the article in The Jerusalem Post: 3385 # "...Earlier this month, the Palestinian government in the West Bank decided to 3386 # move to standard time for 30 days, during Ramadan. The Palestinians in the 3387 # Gaza Strip accepted the change and also moved their clocks one hour back. 3388 # The Hamas government said on Saturday that it won't observe summertime after 3389 # the Muslim feast of Id al-Fitr, which begins on Tuesday..." 3390 # ... 3391 # https://www.jpost.com/MiddleEast/Article.aspx?id=235650 3392 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_gazastrip05.html 3393 # The rules for Egypt are stolen from the 'africa' file. 3394 3395 # From Steffen Thorsen (2011-09-30): 3396 # West Bank did end Daylight Saving Time this morning/midnight (2011-09-30 3397 # 00:00). 3398 # So West Bank and Gaza now have the same time again. 3399 # 3400 # Many sources, including: 3401 # http://www.maannews.net/eng/ViewDetails.aspx?ID=424808 3402 3403 # From Steffen Thorsen (2012-03-26): 3404 # Palestinian news sources tell that both Gaza and West Bank will start DST 3405 # on Friday (Thursday midnight, 2012-03-29 24:00). 3406 # Some of many sources in Arabic: 3407 # http://www.samanews.com/index.php?act=Show&id=122638 3408 # 3409 # http://safa.ps/details/news/74352/------.html 3410 # 3411 # Our brief summary: 3412 # https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/gaza-west-bank-dst-2012.html 3413 3414 # From Steffen Thorsen (2013-03-26): 3415 # The following news sources tells that Palestine will "start daylight saving 3416 # time from midnight on Friday, March 29, 2013" (translated). 3417 # [These are in Arabic and are for Gaza and for Ramallah, respectively.] 3418 # http://www.samanews.com/index.php?act=Show&id=154120 3419 # http://safa.ps/details/news/99844/-----29-.html 3420 3421 # From Steffen Thorsen (2013-09-24): 3422 # The Gaza and West Bank are ending DST Thursday at midnight 3423 # (2013-09-27 00:00:00) (one hour earlier than last year...). 3424 # This source in English, says "that winter time will go into effect 3425 # at midnight on Thursday in the West Bank and Gaza Strip": 3426 # http://english.wafa.ps/index.php?action=detail&id=23246 3427 # official source...: 3428 # http://www.palestinecabinet.gov.ps/ar/Views/ViewDetails.aspx?pid=1252 3429 3430 # From Steffen Thorsen (2015-03-03): 3431 # Sources such as http://www.alquds.com/news/article/view/id/548257 3432 # and https://www.raya.ps/ar/news/890705.html say Palestine areas will 3433 # start DST on 2015-03-28 00:00 which is one day later than expected. 3434 # 3435 # From Paul Eggert (2015-03-03): 3436 # https://www.timeanddate.com/time/change/west-bank/ramallah?year=2014 3437 # says that the fall 2014 transition was Oct 23 at 24:00. 3438 3439 # From Hannah Kreitem (2016-03-09): 3440 # http://www.palestinecabinet.gov.ps/WebSite/ar/ViewDetails?ID=31728 3441 # [Google translation]: "The Council also decided to start daylight 3442 # saving in Palestine as of one o'clock on Saturday morning, 3443 # 2016-03-26, to provide the clock 60 minutes ahead." 3444 3445 # From Sharef Mustafa (2016-10-19): 3446 # [T]he Palestinian cabinet decision (Mar 8th 2016) published on 3447 # http://www.palestinecabinet.gov.ps/WebSite/Upload/Decree/GOV_17/16032016134830.pdf 3448 # states that summer time will end on Oct 29th at 01:00. 3449 3450 # From Sharef Mustafa (2018-03-16): 3451 # Palestine summer time will start on Mar 24th 2018 ... 3452 # http://www.palestinecabinet.gov.ps/Website/AR/NDecrees/ViewFile.ashx?ID=e7a42ab7-ee23-435a-b9c8-a4f7e81f3817 3453 3454 # From Even Scharning (2019-03-23): 3455 # http://pnn.ps/news/401130 3456 # http://palweather.ps/ar/node/50136.html 3457 # 3458 # From Sharif Mustafa (2019-03-26): 3459 # The Palestinian cabinet announced today that the switch to DST will 3460 # be on Fri Mar 29th 2019 by advancing the clock by 60 minutes. 3461 # http://palestinecabinet.gov.ps/Website/AR/NDecrees/ViewFile.ashx?ID=e54e9ea1-50ee-4137-84df-0d6c78da259b 3462 # 3463 # From Even Scharning (2019-04-10): 3464 # Our source in Palestine said it happened Friday 29 at 00:00 local time.... 3465 3466 # From Sharef Mustafa (2019-10-18): 3467 # Palestine summer time will end on midnight Oct 26th 2019 ... 3468 # 3469 # From Steffen Thorsen (2020-10-20): 3470 # Some sources such as these say, and display on clocks, that DST ended at 3471 # midnight last year... 3472 # https://www.amad.ps/ar/post/320006 3473 # 3474 # From Tim Parenti (2020-10-20): 3475 # The report of the Palestinian Cabinet meeting of 2019-10-14 confirms 3476 # a decision on (translated): "The start of the winter time in Palestine, by 3477 # delaying the clock by sixty minutes, starting from midnight on Friday / 3478 # Saturday corresponding to 26/10/2019." 3479 # http://www.palestinecabinet.gov.ps/portal/meeting/details/43948 3480 3481 # From Sharef Mustafa (2020-10-20): 3482 # As per the palestinian cabinet announcement yesterday , the day light saving 3483 # shall [end] on Oct 24th 2020 at 01:00AM by delaying the clock by 60 minutes. 3484 # http://www.palestinecabinet.gov.ps/portal/Meeting/Details/51584 3485 3486 # From Pierre Cashon (2020-10-20): 3487 # The summer time this year started on March 28 at 00:00. 3488 # https://wafa.ps/ar_page.aspx?id=GveQNZa872839351758aGveQNZ 3489 # http://www.palestinecabinet.gov.ps/portal/meeting/details/50284 3490 # The winter time in 2015 started on October 23 at 01:00. 3491 # https://wafa.ps/ar_page.aspx?id=CgpCdYa670694628582aCgpCdY 3492 # http://www.palestinecabinet.gov.ps/portal/meeting/details/27583 3493 3494 # From P Chan (2021-10-18): 3495 # http://wafa.ps/Pages/Details/34701 3496 # Palestine winter time will start from midnight 2021-10-29 (Thursday-Friday). 3497 # 3498 # From Heba Hemad, Palestine Ministry of Telecom & IT (2021-10-20): 3499 # ... winter time will begin in Palestine from Friday 10-29, 01:00 AM 3500 # by 60 minutes backwards. 3501 # 3502 # From Tim Parenti (2021-10-25), per Paul Eggert (2021-10-24): 3503 # Guess future fall transitions at 01:00 on the Friday preceding October's 3504 # last Sunday (i.e., Fri>=23), as this is more consistent with recent practice. 3505 3506 # From Heba Hamad (2022-03-10): 3507 # summer time will begin in Palestine from Sunday 03-27-2022, 00:00 AM. 3508 3509 # From Heba Hamad (2022-08-30): 3510 # winter time will begin in Palestine from Saturday 10-29, 02:00 AM by 3511 # 60 minutes backwards. Also the state of Palestine adopted the summer 3512 # and winter time for the years: 2023,2024,2025,2026 ... 3513 # https://mm.icann.org/pipermail/tz/attachments/20220830/9f024566/Time-0001.pdf 3514 # (2022-08-31): ... the Saturday before the last Sunday in March and October 3515 # at 2:00 AM ,for the years from 2023 to 2026. 3516 # (2022-09-05): https://mtit.pna.ps/Site/New/1453 3517 3518 # From Heba Hamad (2023-03-22): 3519 # ... summer time will begin in Palestine from Saturday 04-29-2023, 3520 # 02:00 AM by 60 minutes forward. 3521 # From Heba Hemad (2023-10-09): 3522 # ... winter time will begin in Palestine from Saturday 10-28-2023, 3523 # 02:00 AM by 60 minutes back. 3524 # 3525 # From Heba Hamad (2024-01-25): 3526 # the summer time for the years 2024,2025 will begin in Palestine 3527 # from Saturday at 02:00 AM by 60 minutes forward as shown below: 3528 # year date 3529 # 2024 2024-04-20 3530 # 2025 2025-04-12 3531 # 3532 # From Paul Eggert (2024-01-25): 3533 # For now, guess that spring and fall transitions will normally 3534 # continue to use 2022's rules, that during DST Palestine will switch 3535 # to standard time at 02:00 the last Saturday before Ramadan and back 3536 # to DST at 02:00 the second Saturday after Ramadan, and that 3537 # if the normal spring-forward or fall-back transition occurs during 3538 # Ramadan the former is delayed and the latter advanced. 3539 # To implement this, I predicted Ramadan-oriented transition dates for 3540 # 2026 through 2086 by running the following program under GNU Emacs 29.2, 3541 # with the results integrated by hand into the table below. 3542 # Predictions after 2086 are approximated without Ramadan. 3543 # 3544 # (let ((islamic-year 1447)) 3545 # (require 'cal-islam) 3546 # (while (< islamic-year 1510) 3547 # (let ((a (calendar-islamic-to-absolute (list 9 1 islamic-year))) 3548 # (b (+ 1 (calendar-islamic-to-absolute (list 10 1 islamic-year)))) 3549 # (saturday 6)) 3550 # (while (/= saturday (mod (setq a (1- a)) 7))) 3551 # (while (/= saturday (mod b 7)) 3552 # (setq b (1+ b))) 3553 # (setq b (+ 7 b)) 3554 # (setq a (calendar-gregorian-from-absolute a)) 3555 # (setq b (calendar-gregorian-from-absolute b)) 3556 # (insert 3557 # (format 3558 # (concat "Rule Palestine\t%d\tonly\t-\t%s\t%2d\t2:00\t0\t-\n" 3559 # "Rule Palestine\t%d\tonly\t-\t%s\t%2d\t2:00\t1:00\tS\n") 3560 # (car (cdr (cdr a))) (calendar-month-name (car a) t) (car (cdr a)) 3561 # (car (cdr (cdr b))) (calendar-month-name (car b) t) (car (cdr b))))) 3562 # (setq islamic-year (+ 1 islamic-year)))) 3563 3564 # Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 3565 Rule EgyptAsia 1957 only - May 10 0:00 1:00 S 3566 Rule EgyptAsia 1957 1958 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 3567 Rule EgyptAsia 1958 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 S 3568 Rule EgyptAsia 1959 1967 - May 1 1:00 1:00 S 3569 Rule EgyptAsia 1959 1965 - Sep 30 3:00 0 - 3570 Rule EgyptAsia 1966 only - Oct 1 3:00 0 - 3571 3572 Rule Palestine 1999 2005 - Apr Fri>=15 0:00 1:00 S 3573 Rule Palestine 1999 2003 - Oct Fri>=15 0:00 0 - 3574 Rule Palestine 2004 only - Oct 1 1:00 0 - 3575 Rule Palestine 2005 only - Oct 4 2:00 0 - 3576 Rule Palestine 2006 2007 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 3577 Rule Palestine 2006 only - Sep 22 0:00 0 - 3578 Rule Palestine 2007 only - Sep 13 2:00 0 - 3579 Rule Palestine 2008 2009 - Mar lastFri 0:00 1:00 S 3580 Rule Palestine 2008 only - Sep 1 0:00 0 - 3581 Rule Palestine 2009 only - Sep 4 1:00 0 - 3582 Rule Palestine 2010 only - Mar 26 0:00 1:00 S 3583 Rule Palestine 2010 only - Aug 11 0:00 0 - 3584 Rule Palestine 2011 only - Apr 1 0:01 1:00 S 3585 Rule Palestine 2011 only - Aug 1 0:00 0 - 3586 Rule Palestine 2011 only - Aug 30 0:00 1:00 S 3587 Rule Palestine 2011 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 - 3588 Rule Palestine 2012 2014 - Mar lastThu 24:00 1:00 S 3589 Rule Palestine 2012 only - Sep 21 1:00 0 - 3590 Rule Palestine 2013 only - Sep 27 0:00 0 - 3591 Rule Palestine 2014 only - Oct 24 0:00 0 - 3592 Rule Palestine 2015 only - Mar 28 0:00 1:00 S 3593 Rule Palestine 2015 only - Oct 23 1:00 0 - 3594 Rule Palestine 2016 2018 - Mar Sat<=30 1:00 1:00 S 3595 Rule Palestine 2016 2018 - Oct Sat<=30 1:00 0 - 3596 Rule Palestine 2019 only - Mar 29 0:00 1:00 S 3597 Rule Palestine 2019 only - Oct Sat<=30 0:00 0 - 3598 Rule Palestine 2020 2021 - Mar Sat<=30 0:00 1:00 S 3599 Rule Palestine 2020 only - Oct 24 1:00 0 - 3600 Rule Palestine 2021 only - Oct 29 1:00 0 - 3601 Rule Palestine 2022 only - Mar 27 0:00 1:00 S 3602 Rule Palestine 2022 2035 - Oct Sat<=30 2:00 0 - 3603 Rule Palestine 2023 only - Apr 29 2:00 1:00 S 3604 Rule Palestine 2024 only - Apr 20 2:00 1:00 S 3605 Rule Palestine 2025 only - Apr 12 2:00 1:00 S 3606 Rule Palestine 2026 2054 - Mar Sat<=30 2:00 1:00 S 3607 Rule Palestine 2036 only - Oct 18 2:00 0 - 3608 Rule Palestine 2037 only - Oct 10 2:00 0 - 3609 Rule Palestine 2038 only - Sep 25 2:00 0 - 3610 Rule Palestine 2039 only - Sep 17 2:00 0 - 3611 Rule Palestine 2040 only - Sep 1 2:00 0 - 3612 Rule Palestine 2040 only - Oct 20 2:00 1:00 S 3613 Rule Palestine 2040 2067 - Oct Sat<=30 2:00 0 - 3614 Rule Palestine 2041 only - Aug 24 2:00 0 - 3615 Rule Palestine 2041 only - Oct 5 2:00 1:00 S 3616 Rule Palestine 2042 only - Aug 16 2:00 0 - 3617 Rule Palestine 2042 only - Sep 27 2:00 1:00 S 3618 Rule Palestine 2043 only - Aug 1 2:00 0 - 3619 Rule Palestine 2043 only - Sep 19 2:00 1:00 S 3620 Rule Palestine 2044 only - Jul 23 2:00 0 - 3621 Rule Palestine 2044 only - Sep 3 2:00 1:00 S 3622 Rule Palestine 2045 only - Jul 15 2:00 0 - 3623 Rule Palestine 2045 only - Aug 26 2:00 1:00 S 3624 Rule Palestine 2046 only - Jun 30 2:00 0 - 3625 Rule Palestine 2046 only - Aug 18 2:00 1:00 S 3626 Rule Palestine 2047 only - Jun 22 2:00 0 - 3627 Rule Palestine 2047 only - Aug 3 2:00 1:00 S 3628 Rule Palestine 2048 only - Jun 6 2:00 0 - 3629 Rule Palestine 2048 only - Jul 25 2:00 1:00 S 3630 Rule Palestine 2049 only - May 29 2:00 0 - 3631 Rule Palestine 2049 only - Jul 10 2:00 1:00 S 3632 Rule Palestine 2050 only - May 21 2:00 0 - 3633 Rule Palestine 2050 only - Jul 2 2:00 1:00 S 3634 Rule Palestine 2051 only - May 6 2:00 0 - 3635 Rule Palestine 2051 only - Jun 24 2:00 1:00 S 3636 Rule Palestine 2052 only - Apr 27 2:00 0 - 3637 Rule Palestine 2052 only - Jun 8 2:00 1:00 S 3638 Rule Palestine 2053 only - Apr 12 2:00 0 - 3639 Rule Palestine 2053 only - May 31 2:00 1:00 S 3640 Rule Palestine 2054 only - Apr 4 2:00 0 - 3641 Rule Palestine 2054 only - May 23 2:00 1:00 S 3642 Rule Palestine 2055 only - May 8 2:00 1:00 S 3643 Rule Palestine 2056 only - Apr 29 2:00 1:00 S 3644 Rule Palestine 2057 only - Apr 14 2:00 1:00 S 3645 Rule Palestine 2058 only - Apr 6 2:00 1:00 S 3646 Rule Palestine 2059 max - Mar Sat<=30 2:00 1:00 S 3647 Rule Palestine 2068 only - Oct 20 2:00 0 - 3648 Rule Palestine 2069 only - Oct 12 2:00 0 - 3649 Rule Palestine 2070 only - Oct 4 2:00 0 - 3650 Rule Palestine 2071 only - Sep 19 2:00 0 - 3651 Rule Palestine 2072 only - Sep 10 2:00 0 - 3652 Rule Palestine 2072 only - Oct 22 2:00 1:00 S 3653 Rule Palestine 2072 max - Oct Sat<=30 2:00 0 - 3654 Rule Palestine 2073 only - Sep 2 2:00 0 - 3655 Rule Palestine 2073 only - Oct 14 2:00 1:00 S 3656 Rule Palestine 2074 only - Aug 18 2:00 0 - 3657 Rule Palestine 2074 only - Oct 6 2:00 1:00 S 3658 Rule Palestine 2075 only - Aug 10 2:00 0 - 3659 Rule Palestine 2075 only - Sep 21 2:00 1:00 S 3660 Rule Palestine 2076 only - Jul 25 2:00 0 - 3661 Rule Palestine 2076 only - Sep 12 2:00 1:00 S 3662 Rule Palestine 2077 only - Jul 17 2:00 0 - 3663 Rule Palestine 2077 only - Sep 4 2:00 1:00 S 3664 Rule Palestine 2078 only - Jul 9 2:00 0 - 3665 Rule Palestine 2078 only - Aug 20 2:00 1:00 S 3666 Rule Palestine 2079 only - Jun 24 2:00 0 - 3667 Rule Palestine 2079 only - Aug 12 2:00 1:00 S 3668 Rule Palestine 2080 only - Jun 15 2:00 0 - 3669 Rule Palestine 2080 only - Jul 27 2:00 1:00 S 3670 Rule Palestine 2081 only - Jun 7 2:00 0 - 3671 Rule Palestine 2081 only - Jul 19 2:00 1:00 S 3672 Rule Palestine 2082 only - May 23 2:00 0 - 3673 Rule Palestine 2082 only - Jul 11 2:00 1:00 S 3674 Rule Palestine 2083 only - May 15 2:00 0 - 3675 Rule Palestine 2083 only - Jun 26 2:00 1:00 S 3676 Rule Palestine 2084 only - Apr 29 2:00 0 - 3677 Rule Palestine 2084 only - Jun 17 2:00 1:00 S 3678 Rule Palestine 2085 only - Apr 21 2:00 0 - 3679 Rule Palestine 2085 only - Jun 9 2:00 1:00 S 3680 Rule Palestine 2086 only - Apr 13 2:00 0 - 3681 Rule Palestine 2086 only - May 25 2:00 1:00 S 3682 3683 # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 3684 Zone Asia/Gaza 2:17:52 - LMT 1900 Oct 3685 2:00 Zion EET/EEST 1948 May 15 3686 2:00 EgyptAsia EE%sT 1967 Jun 5 3687 2:00 Zion I%sT 1996 3688 2:00 Jordan EE%sT 1999 3689 2:00 Palestine EE%sT 2008 Aug 29 0:00 3690 2:00 - EET 2008 Sep 3691 2:00 Palestine EE%sT 2010 3692 2:00 - EET 2010 Mar 27 0:01 3693 2:00 Palestine EE%sT 2011 Aug 1 3694 2:00 - EET 2012 3695 2:00 Palestine EE%sT 3696 3697 Zone Asia/Hebron 2:20:23 - LMT 1900 Oct 3698 2:00 Zion EET/EEST 1948 May 15 3699 2:00 EgyptAsia EE%sT 1967 Jun 5 3700 2:00 Zion I%sT 1996 3701 2:00 Jordan EE%sT 1999 3702 2:00 Palestine EE%sT 3703 3704 # Paracel Is 3705 # no information 3706 3707 # Philippines 3708 3709 # From Paul Eggert (2024-01-21): 3710 # The Spanish initially used American (west-of-Greenwich) time. 3711 # It is unknown what time Manila kept when the British occupied it from 3712 # 1762-10-06 through 1764-04; for now assume it kept American time. 3713 # On 1844-08-16, Narciso Clavera, governor-general of the 3714 # Philippines, issued a proclamation announcing that 1844-12-30 was to 3715 # be immediately followed by 1845-01-01; see R.H. van Gent's 3716 # History of the International Date Line 3717 # https://webspace.science.uu.nl/~gent0113/idl/idl_philippines.htm 3718 # The rest of the data entries are from Shanks & Pottenger. 3719 3720 # From Jesper Nrgaard Welen (2006-04-26): 3721 # ... claims that Philippines had DST last time in 1990: 3722 # http://story.philippinetimes.com/p.x/ct/9/id/145be20cc6b121c0/cid/3e5bbccc730d258c/ 3723 # [a story dated 2006-04-25 by Cris Larano of Dow Jones Newswires, 3724 # but no details] 3725 3726 # From Paul Eggert (2014-08-14): 3727 # The following source says DST may be instituted November-January and again 3728 # March-June, but this is not definite. It also says DST was last proclaimed 3729 # during the Ramos administration (1992-1998); but again, no details. 3730 # Carcamo D. PNoy urged to declare use of daylight saving time. 3731 # Philippine Star 2014-08-05 3732 # http://www.philstar.com/headlines/2014/08/05/1354152/pnoy-urged-declare-use-daylight-saving-time 3733 3734 # From Paul Goyette (2018-06-15) with URLs updated by Guy Harris (2024-02-15): 3735 # In the Philippines, there is a national law, Republic Act No. 10535 3736 # which declares the official time here as "Philippine Standard Time". 3737 # The act [1] even specifies use of PST as the abbreviation, although 3738 # the FAQ provided by PAGASA [2] uses the "acronym PhST to distinguish 3739 # it from the Pacific Standard Time (PST)." 3740 # [1] https://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/2013/05/15/republic-act-no-10535/ 3741 # [2] https://prsd.pagasa.dost.gov.ph/index.php/28-astronomy/302-philippine-standard-time 3742 # 3743 # From Paul Eggert (2018-06-19): 3744 # I surveyed recent news reports, and my impression is that "PST" is 3745 # more popular among reliable English-language news sources. This is 3746 # not just a measure of Google hit counts: it's also the sizes and 3747 # influence of the sources. There is no current abbreviation for DST, 3748 # so use "PDT", the usual American style. 3749 3750 # From P Chan (2021-05-10): 3751 # Here's a fairly comprehensive article in Japanese: 3752 # https://wiki.suikawiki.org/n/Philippine%20Time 3753 # From Paul Eggert (2021-05-10): 3754 # The info in the Japanese table has not been absorbed (yet) below. 3755 3756 # Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 3757 Rule Phil 1936 only - Nov 1 0:00 1:00 D 3758 Rule Phil 1937 only - Feb 1 0:00 0 S 3759 Rule Phil 1954 only - Apr 12 0:00 1:00 D 3760 Rule Phil 1954 only - Jul 1 0:00 0 S 3761 Rule Phil 1978 only - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D 3762 Rule Phil 1978 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S 3763 # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 3764 Zone Asia/Manila -15:56:00 - LMT 1844 Dec 31 3765 8:04:00 - LMT 1899 May 11 3766 8:00 Phil P%sT 1942 May 3767 9:00 - JST 1944 Nov 3768 8:00 Phil P%sT 3769 3770 # Qatar 3771 # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 3772 Zone Asia/Qatar 3:26:08 - LMT 1920 # Al Dawhah / Doha 3773 4:00 - %z 1972 Jun 3774 3:00 - %z 3775 3776 # Saudi Arabia 3777 # 3778 # Japan's year-round bases in Antarctica match this since 1970. 3779 # 3780 # From Paul Eggert (2018-08-29): 3781 # Time in Saudi Arabia and other countries in the Arabian peninsula was not 3782 # standardized until 1968 or so; we don't know exactly when, and possibly it 3783 # has never been made official. Richard P Hunt, in "Islam city yielding to 3784 # modern times", New York Times (1961-04-09), p 20, wrote that only airlines 3785 # observed standard time, and that people in Jeddah mostly observed quasi-solar 3786 # time, doing so by setting their watches at sunrise to 6 o'clock (or to 12 3787 # o'clock for "Arab" time). 3788 # 3789 # Timekeeping differed depending on who you were and which part of Saudi 3790 # Arabia you were in. In 1969, Elias Antar wrote that although a common 3791 # practice had been to set one's watch to 12:00 (i.e., midnight) at sunset - 3792 # which meant that the time on one side of a mountain could differ greatly from 3793 # the time on the other side - many foreigners set their watches to 6pm 3794 # instead, while airlines instead used UTC +03 (except in Dhahran, where they 3795 # used UTC +04), Aramco used UTC +03 with DST, and the Trans-Arabian Pipe Line 3796 # Company used Aramco time in eastern Saudi Arabia and airline time in western. 3797 # (The American Military Aid Advisory Group used plain UTC.) Antar writes, 3798 # "A man named Higgins, so the story goes, used to run a local power 3799 # station. One day, the whole thing became too much for Higgins and he 3800 # assembled his staff and laid down the law. 'I've had enough of this,' he 3801 # shrieked. 'It is now 12 o'clock Higgins Time, and from now on this station is 3802 # going to run on Higgins Time.' And so, until last year, it did." See: 3803 # Antar E. Dinner at When? Saudi Aramco World, 1969 March/April. 2-3. 3804 # http://archive.aramcoworld.com/issue/196902/dinner.at.when.htm 3805 # Also see: Antar EN. Arabian flying is confusing. 3806 # Port Angeles (WA) Evening News. 1965-03-10. page 3. 3807 # 3808 # The TZ database cannot represent quasi-solar time; airline time is the best 3809 # we can do. The 1946 foreign air news digest of the U.S. Civil Aeronautics 3810 # Board (OCLC 42299995) reported that the "... Arabian Government, inaugurated 3811 # a weekly Dhahran-Cairo service, via the Saudi Arabian cities of Riyadh and 3812 # Jidda, on March 14, 1947". Shanks & Pottenger guessed 1950; go with the 3813 # earlier date. 3814 # 3815 # Shanks & Pottenger also state that until 1968-05-01 Saudi Arabia had two 3816 # time zones; the other zone, at UT +04, was in the far eastern part of 3817 # the country. Presumably this is documenting airline time. Ignore this, 3818 # as it's before our 1970 cutoff. 3819 # 3820 # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 3821 Zone Asia/Riyadh 3:06:52 - LMT 1947 Mar 14 3822 3:00 - %z 3823 3824 # Singapore 3825 # taken from Mok Ly Yng (2003-10-30) 3826 # https://web.archive.org/web/20190822231045/http://www.math.nus.edu.sg/~mathelmr/teaching/timezone.html 3827 # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 3828 Zone Asia/Singapore 6:55:25 - LMT 1901 Jan 1 3829 6:55:25 - SMT 1905 Jun 1 # Singapore M.T. 3830 7:00 - %z 1933 Jan 1 3831 7:00 0:20 %z 1936 Jan 1 3832 7:20 - %z 1941 Sep 1 3833 7:30 - %z 1942 Feb 16 3834 9:00 - %z 1945 Sep 12 3835 7:30 - %z 1981 Dec 31 16:00u 3836 8:00 - %z 3837 3838 # Spratly Is 3839 # no information 3840 3841 # Sri Lanka 3842 3843 # From Paul Eggert (2013-02-21): 3844 # Milne says "Madras mean time use from May 1, 1898. Prior to this Colombo 3845 # mean time, 5h. 4m. 21.9s. F., was used." But 5:04:21.9 differs considerably 3846 # from Colombo's meridian 5:19:24, so for now ignore Milne and stick with 3847 # Shanks and Pottenger. 3848 3849 # From Paul Eggert (1996-09-03): 3850 # "Sri Lanka advances clock by an hour to avoid blackout" 3851 # (<http://www.virtual-pc.com/lankaweb/news/items/240596-2.html>, 1996-05-24, 3852 # no longer available as of 1999-08-17) 3853 # reported "the country's standard time will be put forward by one hour at 3854 # midnight Friday (1830 GMT) 'in the light of the present power crisis'." 3855 # 3856 # From Dharmasiri Senanayake, Sri Lanka Media Minister (1996-10-24), as quoted 3857 # by Shamindra in Daily News - Hot News Section 3858 # <news:54rka5$m5h (a] mtinsc01-mgt.ops.worldnet.att.net> (1996-10-26): 3859 # With effect from 12.30 a.m. on 26th October 1996 3860 # Sri Lanka will be six (06) hours ahead of GMT. 3861 3862 # From Jesper Nrgaard Welen (2006-04-14), quoting Sri Lanka News Online 3863 # <http://news.sinhalaya.com/wmview.php?ArtID=11002> (2006-04-13): 3864 # 0030 hrs on April 15, 2006 (midnight of April 14, 2006 +30 minutes) 3865 # at present, become 2400 hours of April 14, 2006 (midnight of April 14, 2006). 3866 3867 # From Peter Apps and Ranga Sirila of Reuters (2006-04-12) in: 3868 # http://today.reuters.co.uk/news/newsArticle.aspx?type=scienceNews&storyID=2006-04-12T172228Z_01_COL295762_RTRIDST_0_SCIENCE-SRILANKA-TIME-DC.XML 3869 # [The Tamil Tigers] never accepted the original 1996 time change and simply 3870 # kept their clocks set five and a half hours ahead of Greenwich Mean 3871 # Time (GMT), in line with neighbor India. 3872 # From Paul Eggert (2006-04-18): 3873 # People who live in regions under Tamil control can use [TZ='Asia/Kolkata'], 3874 # as that zone has agreed with the Tamil areas since our cutoff date of 1970. 3875 3876 # From Sadika Sumanapala (2016-10-19): 3877 # According to http://www.sltime.org (maintained by Measurement Units, 3878 # Standards & Services Department, Sri Lanka) abbreviation for Sri Lanka 3879 # standard time is SLST. 3880 # 3881 # From Paul Eggert (2016-10-18): 3882 # "SLST" seems to be reasonably recent and rarely used outside time 3883 # zone nerd sources. I searched Google News and found three uses of 3884 # it in the International Business Times of India in February and 3885 # March of this year when discussing cricket match times, but nothing 3886 # since then (though there has been a lot of cricket) and nothing in 3887 # other English-language news sources. Our old abbreviation "LKT" is 3888 # even worse. For now, let's use a numeric abbreviation; we can 3889 # switch to "SLST" if it catches on. 3890 3891 # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 3892 Zone Asia/Colombo 5:19:24 - LMT 1880 3893 5:19:32 - MMT 1906 # Moratuwa Mean Time 3894 5:30 - %z 1942 Jan 5 3895 5:30 0:30 %z 1942 Sep 3896 5:30 1:00 %z 1945 Oct 16 2:00 3897 5:30 - %z 1996 May 25 0:00 3898 6:30 - %z 1996 Oct 26 0:30 3899 6:00 - %z 2006 Apr 15 0:30 3900 5:30 - %z 3901 3902 # Syria 3903 # Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 3904 Rule Syria 1920 1923 - Apr Sun>=15 2:00 1:00 S 3905 Rule Syria 1920 1923 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00 0 - 3906 Rule Syria 1962 only - Apr 29 2:00 1:00 S 3907 Rule Syria 1962 only - Oct 1 2:00 0 - 3908 Rule Syria 1963 1965 - May 1 2:00 1:00 S 3909 Rule Syria 1963 only - Sep 30 2:00 0 - 3910 Rule Syria 1964 only - Oct 1 2:00 0 - 3911 Rule Syria 1965 only - Sep 30 2:00 0 - 3912 Rule Syria 1966 only - Apr 24 2:00 1:00 S 3913 Rule Syria 1966 1976 - Oct 1 2:00 0 - 3914 Rule Syria 1967 1978 - May 1 2:00 1:00 S 3915 Rule Syria 1977 1978 - Sep 1 2:00 0 - 3916 Rule Syria 1983 1984 - Apr 9 2:00 1:00 S 3917 Rule Syria 1983 1984 - Oct 1 2:00 0 - 3918 Rule Syria 1986 only - Feb 16 2:00 1:00 S 3919 Rule Syria 1986 only - Oct 9 2:00 0 - 3920 Rule Syria 1987 only - Mar 1 2:00 1:00 S 3921 Rule Syria 1987 1988 - Oct 31 2:00 0 - 3922 Rule Syria 1988 only - Mar 15 2:00 1:00 S 3923 Rule Syria 1989 only - Mar 31 2:00 1:00 S 3924 Rule Syria 1989 only - Oct 1 2:00 0 - 3925 Rule Syria 1990 only - Apr 1 2:00 1:00 S 3926 Rule Syria 1990 only - Sep 30 2:00 0 - 3927 Rule Syria 1991 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 3928 Rule Syria 1991 1992 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 3929 Rule Syria 1992 only - Apr 8 0:00 1:00 S 3930 Rule Syria 1993 only - Mar 26 0:00 1:00 S 3931 Rule Syria 1993 only - Sep 25 0:00 0 - 3932 # IATA SSIM (1998-02) says 1998-04-02; 3933 # (1998-09) says 1999-03-29 and 1999-09-29; (1999-02) says 1999-04-02, 3934 # 2000-04-02, and 2001-04-02; (1999-09) says 2000-03-31 and 2001-03-31; 3935 # (2006) says 2006-03-31 and 2006-09-22; 3936 # for now ignore all these claims and go with Shanks & Pottenger, 3937 # except for the 2006-09-22 claim (which seems right for Ramadan). 3938 Rule Syria 1994 1996 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 3939 Rule Syria 1994 2005 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 3940 Rule Syria 1997 1998 - Mar lastMon 0:00 1:00 S 3941 Rule Syria 1999 2006 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 3942 # From Stephen Colebourne (2006-09-18): 3943 # According to IATA data, Syria will change DST on 21st September [21:00 UTC] 3944 # this year [only].... This is probably related to Ramadan, like Egypt. 3945 Rule Syria 2006 only - Sep 22 0:00 0 - 3946 # From Paul Eggert (2007-03-29): 3947 # Today the AP reported "Syria will switch to summertime at midnight Thursday." 3948 # http://www.iht.com/articles/ap/2007/03/29/africa/ME-GEN-Syria-Time-Change.php 3949 Rule Syria 2007 only - Mar lastFri 0:00 1:00 S 3950 # From Jesper Nrgaard (2007-10-27): 3951 # The sister center ICARDA of my work CIMMYT is confirming that Syria DST will 3952 # not take place 1st November at 0:00 o'clock but 1st November at 24:00 or 3953 # rather Midnight between Thursday and Friday. This does make more sense than 3954 # having it between Wednesday and Thursday (two workdays in Syria) since the 3955 # weekend in Syria is not Saturday and Sunday, but Friday and Saturday. So now 3956 # it is implemented at midnight of the last workday before weekend... 3957 # 3958 # From Steffen Thorsen (2007-10-27): 3959 # Jesper Nrgaard Welen wrote: 3960 # 3961 # > "Winter local time in Syria will be observed at midnight of Thursday 1 3962 # > November 2007, and the clock will be put back 1 hour." 3963 # 3964 # I found confirmation on this in this gov.sy-article (Arabic): 3965 # http://wehda.alwehda.gov.sy/_print_veiw.asp?FileName=12521710520070926111247 3966 # 3967 # which using Google's translate tools says: 3968 # Council of Ministers also approved the commencement of work on 3969 # identifying the winter time as of Friday, 2/11/2007 where the 60th 3970 # minute delay at midnight Thursday 1/11/2007. 3971 Rule Syria 2007 only - Nov Fri>=1 0:00 0 - 3972 3973 # From Stephen Colebourne (2008-03-17): 3974 # For everyone's info, I saw an IATA time zone change for [Syria] for 3975 # this month (March 2008) in the last day or so.... 3976 # Country Time Standard --- DST Start --- --- DST End --- DST 3977 # Name Zone Variation Time Date Time Date 3978 # Variation 3979 # Syrian Arab 3980 # Republic SY +0200 2200 03APR08 2100 30SEP08 +0300 3981 # 2200 02APR09 2100 30SEP09 +0300 3982 # 2200 01APR10 2100 30SEP10 +0300 3983 3984 # From Arthur David Olson (2008-03-17): 3985 # Here's a link to English-language coverage by the Syrian Arab News 3986 # Agency (SANA)... 3987 # http://www.sana.sy/eng/21/2008/03/11/165173.htm 3988 # ...which reads (in part) "The Cabinet approved the suggestion of the 3989 # Ministry of Electricity to begin daylight savings time on Friday April 3990 # 4th, advancing clocks one hour ahead on midnight of Thursday April 3rd." 3991 # Since Syria is two hours east of UTC, the 2200 and 2100 transition times 3992 # shown above match up with midnight in Syria. 3993 3994 # From Arthur David Olson (2008-03-18): 3995 # My best guess at a Syrian rule is "the Friday nearest April 1"; 3996 # coding that involves either using a "Mar Fri>=29" construct that old time zone 3997 # compilers can't handle or having multiple Rules (a la Israel). 3998 # For now, use "Apr Fri>=1", and go with IATA on a uniform Sep 30 end. 3999 4000 # From Steffen Thorsen (2008-10-07): 4001 # Syria has now officially decided to end DST on 2008-11-01 this year, 4002 # according to the following article in the Syrian Arab News Agency (SANA). 4003 # 4004 # The article is in Arabic, and seems to tell that they will go back to 4005 # winter time on 2008-11-01 at 00:00 local daylight time (delaying/setting 4006 # clocks back 60 minutes). 4007 # 4008 # http://sana.sy/ara/2/2008/10/07/195459.htm 4009 4010 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-03-19): 4011 # Syria will start DST on 2009-03-27 00:00 this year according to many sources, 4012 # two examples: 4013 # 4014 # http://www.sana.sy/eng/21/2009/03/17/217563.htm 4015 # (English, Syrian Arab News # Agency) 4016 # http://thawra.alwehda.gov.sy/_View_news2.asp?FileName=94459258720090318012209 4017 # (Arabic, gov-site) 4018 # 4019 # We have not found any sources saying anything about when DST ends this year. 4020 # 4021 # Our summary 4022 # https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/syria-dst-starts-march-27-2009.html 4023 4024 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-10-27): 4025 # The Syrian Arab News Network on 2009-09-29 reported that Syria will 4026 # revert back to winter (standard) time on midnight between Thursday 4027 # 2009-10-29 and Friday 2009-10-30: 4028 # http://www.sana.sy/ara/2/2009/09/29/247012.htm (Arabic) 4029 4030 # From Arthur David Olson (2009-10-28): 4031 # We'll see if future DST switching times turn out to be end of the last 4032 # Thursday of the month or the start of the last Friday of the month or 4033 # something else. For now, use the start of the last Friday. 4034 4035 # From Steffen Thorsen (2010-03-17): 4036 # The "Syrian News Station" reported on 2010-03-16 that the Council of 4037 # Ministers has decided that Syria will start DST on midnight Thursday 4038 # 2010-04-01: (midnight between Thursday and Friday): 4039 # http://sns.sy/sns/?path=news/read/11421 (Arabic) 4040 4041 # From Steffen Thorsen (2012-03-26): 4042 # Today, Syria's government announced that they will start DST early on Friday 4043 # (00:00). This is a bit earlier than the past two years. 4044 # 4045 # From Syrian Arab News Agency, in Arabic: 4046 # http://www.sana.sy/ara/2/2012/03/26/408215.htm 4047 # 4048 # Our brief summary: 4049 # https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/syria-dst-2012.html 4050 4051 # From Steffen Thorsen (2022-10-05): 4052 # Syria is adopting year-round DST, starting this autumn.... 4053 # From https://www.enabbaladi.net/archives/607812 4054 # "This [the decision] came after the weekly government meeting today, 4055 # Tuesday 4 October ..." 4056 # 4057 # From Paul Eggert (2022-10-05): 4058 # Like Jordan, model this as a transition from EEST +03 (DST) to plain +03 4059 # (non-DST) at the point where DST would otherwise have ended. 4060 4061 Rule Syria 2008 only - Apr Fri>=1 0:00 1:00 S 4062 Rule Syria 2008 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 - 4063 Rule Syria 2009 only - Mar lastFri 0:00 1:00 S 4064 Rule Syria 2010 2011 - Apr Fri>=1 0:00 1:00 S 4065 Rule Syria 2012 2022 - Mar lastFri 0:00 1:00 S 4066 Rule Syria 2009 2022 - Oct lastFri 0:00 0 - 4067 4068 # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 4069 Zone Asia/Damascus 2:25:12 - LMT 1920 # Dimashq 4070 2:00 Syria EE%sT 2022 Oct 28 0:00 4071 3:00 - %z 4072 4073 # Tajikistan 4074 # From Shanks & Pottenger. 4075 # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 4076 Zone Asia/Dushanbe 4:35:12 - LMT 1924 May 2 4077 5:00 - %z 1930 Jun 21 4078 6:00 RussiaAsia %z 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 4079 5:00 1:00 %z 1991 Sep 9 2:00s 4080 5:00 - %z 4081 4082 # Thailand 4083 # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 4084 Zone Asia/Bangkok 6:42:04 - LMT 1880 4085 6:42:04 - BMT 1920 Apr # Bangkok Mean Time 4086 7:00 - %z 4087 4088 # Turkmenistan 4089 # From Shanks & Pottenger. 4090 # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 4091 Zone Asia/Ashgabat 3:53:32 - LMT 1924 May 2 # or Ashkhabad 4092 4:00 - %z 1930 Jun 21 4093 5:00 RussiaAsia %z 1991 Mar 31 2:00 4094 4:00 RussiaAsia %z 1992 Jan 19 2:00 4095 5:00 - %z 4096 4097 # United Arab Emirates 4098 # 4099 # The Crozet Is also observe Runion time; see the 'antarctica' file. 4100 # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 4101 Zone Asia/Dubai 3:41:12 - LMT 1920 4102 4:00 - %z 4103 4104 # Uzbekistan 4105 # Byalokoz 1919 says Uzbekistan was 4:27:53. 4106 # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 4107 Zone Asia/Samarkand 4:27:53 - LMT 1924 May 2 4108 4:00 - %z 1930 Jun 21 4109 5:00 - %z 1981 Apr 1 4110 5:00 1:00 %z 1981 Oct 1 4111 6:00 - %z 1982 Apr 1 4112 5:00 RussiaAsia %z 1992 4113 5:00 - %z 4114 # Milne says Tashkent was 4:37:10.8. 4115 #STDOFF 4:37:10.8 4116 Zone Asia/Tashkent 4:37:11 - LMT 1924 May 2 4117 5:00 - %z 1930 Jun 21 4118 6:00 RussiaAsia %z 1991 Mar 31 2:00 4119 5:00 RussiaAsia %z 1992 4120 5:00 - %z 4121 4122 # Vietnam (southern) 4123 4124 # From Paul Eggert (2014-10-04): 4125 # Milne gives 7:16:56 for the meridian of Saigon in 1899, as being 4126 # used in Lower Laos, Cambodia, and Annam. But this is quite a ways 4127 # from Saigon's location. For now, ignore this and stick with Shanks 4128 # and Pottenger for LMT before 1906. 4129 4130 # From Arthur David Olson (2008-03-18): 4131 # The English-language name of Vietnam's most populous city is "Ho Chi Minh 4132 # City"; use Ho_Chi_Minh below to avoid a name of more than 14 characters. 4133 4134 # From Paul Eggert (2024-01-14) after a 2014 heads-up from Trn Ngc Qun 4135 # and a 2024-01-14 heads-up from on Trn Cng Danh: 4136 # Trn Tin Bnh's authoritative book "Lch Vit Nam: th k XX-XXI (1901-2100)" 4137 # (Nh xut bn Vn Ho - Thng Tin, Hanoi, 2005), pp 49-50, 4138 # is quoted verbatim in: 4139 # http://www.thoigian.com.vn/?mPage=P80D01 4140 # is translated by Brian Inglis in: 4141 # https://mm.icann.org/pipermail/tz/2014-October/021654.html 4142 # and is the basis for the information below. 4143 # 4144 # The 1906 transition was effective July 1 and standardized Indochina to 4145 # Ph Lin Observatory, legally 104 17' 17" east of Paris. 4146 # It's unclear whether this meant legal Paris Mean Time (00:09:21) or 4147 # the Paris Meridian; for now guess the former and round the exact 4148 # 07:06:30.1333... to 07:06:30.13 as the legal spec used 66 2/3 ms precision. 4149 # which is used below even though the modern-day Ph Lin Observatory 4150 # is closer to 07:06:31. Abbreviate Ph Lin Mean Time as PLMT. 4151 # 4152 # The following transitions occurred in Indochina in general (before 1954) 4153 # and in South Vietnam in particular (after 1954): 4154 # To 07:00 on 1911-05-01. 4155 # To 08:00 on 1942-12-31 at 23:00. 4156 # To 09:00 on 1945-03-14 at 23:00. 4157 # To 07:00 on 1945-09-02 in Vietnam. 4158 # To 08:00 on 1947-04-01 in French-controlled Indochina. 4159 # To 07:00 on 1955-07-01 in South Vietnam. 4160 # To 08:00 on 1959-12-31 at 23:00 in South Vietnam. 4161 # To 07:00 on 1975-06-13 in South Vietnam. 4162 # 4163 # Trn cites the following sources; it's unclear which supplied the info above. 4164 # 4165 # Hong Xun Hn: "Lch v lch Vit Nam". Tp san Khoa hc X hi, 4166 # No. 9, Paris, February 1982. 4167 # 4168 # L Thnh Ln: "Lch v nin biu lch s hai mi th k (0001-2010)", 4169 # NXB Thng k, Hanoi, 2000. 4170 # 4171 # L Thnh Ln: "Lch hai th k (1802-2010) v cc lch vnh cu", 4172 # NXB Thun Ho, Hu, 1995. 4173 # 4174 # Here is the decision for the September 1945 transition: 4175 # V Nguyn Gip, Vit Nam Dn Quc Cng Bo, No. 1 (1945-09-29), page 13 4176 # http://baochi.nlv.gov.vn/baochi/cgi-bin/baochi?a=d&d=JwvzO19450929.2.5&dliv=none 4177 # It says that on 1945-09-01 at 24:00, Vietnam moved back two hours, to +07. 4178 # It also mentions a 1945-03-29 decree (by a Japanese Governor-General) 4179 # to set the time zone to +09, but does not say whether that decree 4180 # merely legalized an earlier change to +09. 4181 # 4182 # July 1955 transition: 4183 # Ng nh Dim, Cng Bo Vit Nam, No. 92 (1955-07-02), page 1780-1781 4184 # Ordinance (D) No. 46 (1955-06-25) 4185 # http://ddsnext.crl.edu/titles/32341#?c=0&m=29&s=0&cv=4&r=0&xywh=-89%2C342%2C1724%2C1216 4186 # It says that on 1955-07-01 at 01:00, South Vietnam moved back 1 hour (to +07). 4187 # 4188 # December 1959 transition: 4189 # Ng nh Dim, Cng Bo Vit Nam Cng Ha, 1960 part 1 (1960-01-02), page 62 4190 # Decree (Sc lnh) No. 362-TTP (1959-12-30) 4191 # http://ddsnext.crl.edu/titles/32341#?c=0&m=138&s=0&cv=793&r=0&xywh=-54%2C1504%2C1705%2C1202 4192 # It says that on 1959-12-31 at 23:00, South Vietnam moved forward 1 hour (to +08). 4193 4194 4195 # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 4196 #STDOFF 7:06:30.13 4197 Zone Asia/Ho_Chi_Minh 7:06:30 - LMT 1906 Jul 1 4198 7:06:30 - PLMT 1911 May 1 # Ph Lin MT 4199 7:00 - %z 1942 Dec 31 23:00 4200 8:00 - %z 1945 Mar 14 23:00 4201 9:00 - %z 1945 Sep 1 24:00 4202 7:00 - %z 1947 Apr 1 4203 8:00 - %z 1955 Jul 1 01:00 4204 7:00 - %z 1959 Dec 31 23:00 4205 8:00 - %z 1975 Jun 13 4206 7:00 - %z 4207 4208 # From Paul Eggert (2019-02-19): 4209 # 4210 # The Ho Chi Minh entry suffices for most purposes as it agrees with all of 4211 # Vietnam since 1975-06-13. Presumably clocks often changed in south Vietnam 4212 # in the early 1970s as locations changed hands during the war; however the 4213 # details are unknown and would likely be too voluminous for this database. 4214 # 4215 # For timestamps in north Vietnam back to 1970 (the tzdb cutoff), 4216 # use Asia/Bangkok; see the VN entries in the file zone1970.tab. 4217 # For timestamps before 1970, see Asia/Hanoi in the file 'backzone'. 4218 4219 # Yemen 4220 # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 4221 Zone Asia/Aden 2:59:54 - LMT 1950 4222 3:00 - +03 4223 4224
Indexes created Wed Oct 28 00:26:01 UTC 2026