newfs_msdos.c revision 1.26
1 /* $NetBSD: newfs_msdos.c,v 1.26 2007/02/08 21:36:58 drochner Exp $ */ 2 3 /* 4 * Copyright (c) 1998 Robert Nordier 5 * All rights reserved. 6 * 7 * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without 8 * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions 9 * are met: 10 * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright 11 * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. 12 * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright 13 * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in 14 * the documentation and/or other materials provided with the 15 * distribution. 16 * 17 * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR(S) ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS 18 * OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED 19 * WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE 20 * ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR(S) BE LIABLE FOR ANY 21 * DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL 22 * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE 23 * GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS 24 * INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER 25 * IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR 26 * OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN 27 * IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE. 28 */ 29 30 #include <sys/cdefs.h> 31 #ifndef lint 32 #if 0 33 static const char rcsid[] = 34 "$FreeBSD: src/sbin/newfs_msdos/newfs_msdos.c,v 1.15 2000/10/10 01:49:37 wollman Exp $"; 35 #else 36 __RCSID("$NetBSD: newfs_msdos.c,v 1.26 2007/02/08 21:36:58 drochner Exp $"); 37 #endif 38 #endif /* not lint */ 39 40 #include <sys/types.h> 41 #include <sys/param.h> 42 #ifdef __FreeBSD__ 43 #include <sys/diskslice.h> 44 #endif 45 #include <sys/disklabel.h> 46 #include <sys/mount.h> 47 #include <sys/stat.h> 48 #include <sys/time.h> 49 #include <sys/ioctl.h> 50 51 #include <ctype.h> 52 #include <err.h> 53 #include <errno.h> 54 #include <fcntl.h> 55 #include <paths.h> 56 #include <stdio.h> 57 #include <stdlib.h> 58 #include <string.h> 59 #include <time.h> 60 #include <unistd.h> 61 #include <signal.h> 62 #ifdef __NetBSD__ 63 #include <disktab.h> 64 #include <util.h> 65 #endif 66 67 #define MAXU16 0xffff /* maximum unsigned 16-bit quantity */ 68 #define BPN 4 /* bits per nibble */ 69 #define NPB 2 /* nibbles per byte */ 70 71 #define DOSMAGIC 0xaa55 /* DOS magic number */ 72 #define MINBPS 512 /* minimum bytes per sector */ 73 #define MAXSPC 128 /* maximum sectors per cluster */ 74 #define MAXNFT 16 /* maximum number of FATs */ 75 #define DEFBLK 4096 /* default block size */ 76 #define DEFBLK16 2048 /* default block size FAT16 */ 77 #define DEFRDE 512 /* default root directory entries */ 78 #define RESFTE 2 /* reserved FAT entries */ 79 #define MINCLS12 1 /* minimum FAT12 clusters */ 80 #define MINCLS16 0x1000 /* minimum FAT16 clusters */ 81 #define MINCLS32 2 /* minimum FAT32 clusters */ 82 #define MAXCLS12 0xfed /* maximum FAT12 clusters */ 83 #define MAXCLS16 0xfff5 /* maximum FAT16 clusters */ 84 #define MAXCLS32 0xffffff5 /* maximum FAT32 clusters */ 85 86 #define mincls(fat) ((fat) == 12 ? MINCLS12 : \ 87 (fat) == 16 ? MINCLS16 : \ 88 MINCLS32) 89 90 #define maxcls(fat) ((fat) == 12 ? MAXCLS12 : \ 91 (fat) == 16 ? MAXCLS16 : \ 92 MAXCLS32) 93 94 #define mk1(p, x) \ 95 (p) = (u_int8_t)(x) 96 97 #define mk2(p, x) \ 98 (p)[0] = (u_int8_t)(x), \ 99 (p)[1] = (u_int8_t)((x) >> 010) 100 101 #define mk4(p, x) \ 102 (p)[0] = (u_int8_t)(x), \ 103 (p)[1] = (u_int8_t)((x) >> 010), \ 104 (p)[2] = (u_int8_t)((x) >> 020), \ 105 (p)[3] = (u_int8_t)((x) >> 030) 106 107 #define argto1(arg, lo, msg) argtou(arg, lo, 0xff, msg) 108 #define argto2(arg, lo, msg) argtou(arg, lo, 0xffff, msg) 109 #define argto4(arg, lo, msg) argtou(arg, lo, 0xffffffff, msg) 110 #define argtox(arg, lo, msg) argtou(arg, lo, UINT_MAX, msg) 111 112 struct bs { 113 u_int8_t jmp[3]; /* bootstrap entry point */ 114 u_int8_t oem[8]; /* OEM name and version */ 115 }; 116 117 struct bsbpb { 118 u_int8_t bps[2]; /* bytes per sector */ 119 u_int8_t spc; /* sectors per cluster */ 120 u_int8_t res[2]; /* reserved sectors */ 121 u_int8_t nft; /* number of FATs */ 122 u_int8_t rde[2]; /* root directory entries */ 123 u_int8_t sec[2]; /* total sectors */ 124 u_int8_t mid; /* media descriptor */ 125 u_int8_t spf[2]; /* sectors per FAT */ 126 u_int8_t spt[2]; /* sectors per track */ 127 u_int8_t hds[2]; /* drive heads */ 128 u_int8_t hid[4]; /* hidden sectors */ 129 u_int8_t bsec[4]; /* big total sectors */ 130 }; 131 132 struct bsxbpb { 133 u_int8_t bspf[4]; /* big sectors per FAT */ 134 u_int8_t xflg[2]; /* FAT control flags */ 135 u_int8_t vers[2]; /* file system version */ 136 u_int8_t rdcl[4]; /* root directory start cluster */ 137 u_int8_t infs[2]; /* file system info sector */ 138 u_int8_t bkbs[2]; /* backup boot sector */ 139 u_int8_t rsvd[12]; /* reserved */ 140 }; 141 142 struct bsx { 143 u_int8_t drv; /* drive number */ 144 u_int8_t rsvd; /* reserved */ 145 u_int8_t sig; /* extended boot signature */ 146 u_int8_t volid[4]; /* volume ID number */ 147 u_int8_t label[11]; /* volume label */ 148 u_int8_t type[8]; /* file system type */ 149 }; 150 151 struct de { 152 u_int8_t namext[11]; /* name and extension */ 153 u_int8_t attr; /* attributes */ 154 u_int8_t rsvd[10]; /* reserved */ 155 u_int8_t time[2]; /* creation time */ 156 u_int8_t date[2]; /* creation date */ 157 u_int8_t clus[2]; /* starting cluster */ 158 u_int8_t size[4]; /* size */ 159 }; 160 161 struct bpb { 162 u_int bps; /* bytes per sector */ 163 u_int spc; /* sectors per cluster */ 164 u_int res; /* reserved sectors */ 165 u_int nft; /* number of FATs */ 166 u_int rde; /* root directory entries */ 167 u_int sec; /* total sectors */ 168 u_int mid; /* media descriptor */ 169 u_int spf; /* sectors per FAT */ 170 u_int spt; /* sectors per track */ 171 u_int hds; /* drive heads */ 172 u_int hid; /* hidden sectors */ 173 u_int bsec; /* big total sectors */ 174 u_int bspf; /* big sectors per FAT */ 175 u_int rdcl; /* root directory start cluster */ 176 u_int infs; /* file system info sector */ 177 u_int bkbs; /* backup boot sector */ 178 }; 179 180 #define INIT(a, b, c, d, e, f, g, h, i, j) \ 181 { .bps = a, .spc = b, .res = c, .nft = d, .rde = e, \ 182 .sec = f, .mid = g, .spf = h, .spt = i, .hds = j, } 183 static struct { 184 const char *name; 185 struct bpb bpb; 186 } stdfmt[] = { 187 {"160", INIT(512, 1, 1, 2, 64, 320, 0xfe, 1, 8, 1)}, 188 {"180", INIT(512, 1, 1, 2, 64, 360, 0xfc, 2, 9, 1)}, 189 {"320", INIT(512, 2, 1, 2, 112, 640, 0xff, 1, 8, 2)}, 190 {"360", INIT(512, 2, 1, 2, 112, 720, 0xfd, 2, 9, 2)}, 191 {"640", INIT(512, 2, 1, 2, 112, 1280, 0xfb, 2, 8, 2)}, 192 {"720", INIT(512, 2, 1, 2, 112, 1440, 0xf9, 3, 9, 2)}, 193 {"1200", INIT(512, 1, 1, 2, 224, 2400, 0xf9, 7, 15, 2)}, 194 {"1232", INIT(1024,1, 1, 2, 192, 1232, 0xfe, 2, 8, 2)}, 195 {"1440", INIT(512, 1, 1, 2, 224, 2880, 0xf0, 9, 18, 2)}, 196 {"2880", INIT(512, 2, 1, 2, 240, 5760, 0xf0, 9, 36, 2)} 197 }; 198 199 static u_int8_t bootcode[] = { 200 0xfa, /* cli */ 201 0x31, 0xc0, /* xor ax,ax */ 202 0x8e, 0xd0, /* mov ss,ax */ 203 0xbc, 0x00, 0x7c, /* mov sp,7c00h */ 204 0xfb, /* sti */ 205 0x8e, 0xd8, /* mov ds,ax */ 206 0xe8, 0x00, 0x00, /* call $ + 3 */ 207 0x5e, /* pop si */ 208 0x83, 0xc6, 0x19, /* add si,+19h */ 209 0xbb, 0x07, 0x00, /* mov bx,0007h */ 210 0xfc, /* cld */ 211 0xac, /* lodsb */ 212 0x84, 0xc0, /* test al,al */ 213 0x74, 0x06, /* jz $ + 8 */ 214 0xb4, 0x0e, /* mov ah,0eh */ 215 0xcd, 0x10, /* int 10h */ 216 0xeb, 0xf5, /* jmp $ - 9 */ 217 0x30, 0xe4, /* xor ah,ah */ 218 0xcd, 0x16, /* int 16h */ 219 0xcd, 0x19, /* int 19h */ 220 0x0d, 0x0a, 221 'N', 'o', 'n', '-', 's', 'y', 's', 't', 222 'e', 'm', ' ', 'd', 'i', 's', 'k', 223 0x0d, 0x0a, 224 'P', 'r', 'e', 's', 's', ' ', 'a', 'n', 225 'y', ' ', 'k', 'e', 'y', ' ', 't', 'o', 226 ' ', 'r', 'e', 'b', 'o', 'o', 't', 227 0x0d, 0x0a, 228 0 229 }; 230 231 static int got_siginfo = 0; /* received a SIGINFO */ 232 233 static void check_mounted(const char *, mode_t); 234 static void getstdfmt(const char *, struct bpb *); 235 static void getdiskinfo(int, const char *, const char *, int, 236 struct bpb *); 237 static void print_bpb(struct bpb *); 238 static u_int ckgeom(const char *, u_int, const char *); 239 static u_int argtou(const char *, u_int, u_int, const char *); 240 static int oklabel(const char *); 241 static void mklabel(u_int8_t *, const char *); 242 static void setstr(u_int8_t *, const char *, size_t); 243 static void usage(void); 244 static void infohandler(int sig); 245 246 /* 247 * Construct a FAT12, FAT16, or FAT32 file system. 248 */ 249 int 250 main(int argc, char *argv[]) 251 { 252 static char opts[] = "NB:F:I:L:O:S:a:b:c:e:f:h:i:k:m:n:o:r:s:u:"; 253 static const char *opt_B, *opt_L, *opt_O, *opt_f; 254 static u_int opt_F, opt_I, opt_S, opt_a, opt_b, opt_c, opt_e; 255 static u_int opt_h, opt_i, opt_k, opt_m, opt_n, opt_o, opt_r; 256 static u_int opt_s, opt_u; 257 static int opt_N; 258 static int Iflag, mflag, oflag; 259 char buf[MAXPATHLEN]; 260 struct stat sb; 261 struct timeval tv; 262 struct bpb bpb; 263 struct tm *tm; 264 struct bs *bs; 265 struct bsbpb *bsbpb; 266 struct bsxbpb *bsxbpb; 267 struct bsx *bsx; 268 struct de *de; 269 u_int8_t *img; 270 const char *fname, *dtype, *bname; 271 ssize_t n; 272 time_t now; 273 u_int fat, bss, rds, cls, dir, lsn, x, x1, x2; 274 int ch, fd, fd1; 275 276 while ((ch = getopt(argc, argv, opts)) != -1) 277 switch (ch) { 278 case 'N': 279 opt_N = 1; 280 break; 281 case 'B': 282 opt_B = optarg; 283 break; 284 case 'F': 285 if (strcmp(optarg, "12") && 286 strcmp(optarg, "16") && 287 strcmp(optarg, "32")) 288 errx(1, "%s: bad FAT type", optarg); 289 opt_F = atoi(optarg); 290 break; 291 case 'I': 292 opt_I = argto4(optarg, 0, "volume ID"); 293 Iflag = 1; 294 break; 295 case 'L': 296 if (!oklabel(optarg)) 297 errx(1, "%s: bad volume label", optarg); 298 opt_L = optarg; 299 break; 300 case 'O': 301 if (strlen(optarg) > 8) 302 errx(1, "%s: bad OEM string", optarg); 303 opt_O = optarg; 304 break; 305 case 'S': 306 opt_S = argto2(optarg, 1, "bytes/sector"); 307 break; 308 case 'a': 309 opt_a = argto4(optarg, 1, "sectors/FAT"); 310 break; 311 case 'b': 312 opt_b = argtox(optarg, 1, "block size"); 313 opt_c = 0; 314 break; 315 case 'c': 316 opt_c = argto1(optarg, 1, "sectors/cluster"); 317 opt_b = 0; 318 break; 319 case 'e': 320 opt_e = argto2(optarg, 1, "directory entries"); 321 break; 322 case 'f': 323 opt_f = optarg; 324 break; 325 case 'h': 326 opt_h = argto2(optarg, 1, "drive heads"); 327 break; 328 case 'i': 329 opt_i = argto2(optarg, 1, "info sector"); 330 break; 331 case 'k': 332 opt_k = argto2(optarg, 1, "backup sector"); 333 break; 334 case 'm': 335 opt_m = argto1(optarg, 0, "media descriptor"); 336 mflag = 1; 337 break; 338 case 'n': 339 opt_n = argto1(optarg, 1, "number of FATs"); 340 break; 341 case 'o': 342 opt_o = argto4(optarg, 0, "hidden sectors"); 343 oflag = 1; 344 break; 345 case 'r': 346 opt_r = argto2(optarg, 1, "reserved sectors"); 347 break; 348 case 's': 349 opt_s = argto4(optarg, 1, "file system size"); 350 break; 351 case 'u': 352 opt_u = argto2(optarg, 1, "sectors/track"); 353 break; 354 default: 355 usage(); 356 } 357 argc -= optind; 358 argv += optind; 359 if (argc < 1 || argc > 2) 360 usage(); 361 fname = *argv++; 362 if (!strchr(fname, '/')) { 363 snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "%sr%s", _PATH_DEV, fname); 364 if (!(fname = strdup(buf))) 365 err(1, NULL); 366 } 367 dtype = *argv; 368 if ((fd = open(fname, opt_N ? O_RDONLY : O_RDWR)) == -1 || 369 fstat(fd, &sb)) 370 err(1, "%s", fname); 371 if (!opt_N) 372 check_mounted(fname, sb.st_mode); 373 if (!S_ISCHR(sb.st_mode)) 374 warnx("warning: %s is not a character device", fname); 375 memset(&bpb, 0, sizeof(bpb)); 376 if (opt_f) { 377 getstdfmt(opt_f, &bpb); 378 bpb.bsec = bpb.sec; 379 bpb.sec = 0; 380 bpb.bspf = bpb.spf; 381 bpb.spf = 0; 382 } 383 if (opt_h) 384 bpb.hds = opt_h; 385 if (opt_u) 386 bpb.spt = opt_u; 387 if (opt_S) 388 bpb.bps = opt_S; 389 if (opt_s) 390 bpb.bsec = opt_s; 391 if (oflag) 392 bpb.hid = opt_o; 393 if (!(opt_f || (opt_h && opt_u && opt_S && opt_s && oflag))) 394 getdiskinfo(fd, fname, dtype, oflag, &bpb); 395 if (!powerof2(bpb.bps)) 396 errx(1, "bytes/sector (%u) is not a power of 2", bpb.bps); 397 if (bpb.bps < MINBPS) 398 errx(1, "bytes/sector (%u) is too small; minimum is %u", 399 bpb.bps, MINBPS); 400 if (!(fat = opt_F)) { 401 if (opt_f) 402 fat = 12; 403 else if (!opt_e && (opt_i || opt_k)) 404 fat = 32; 405 } 406 if ((fat == 32 && opt_e) || (fat != 32 && (opt_i || opt_k))) 407 errx(1, "-%c is not a legal FAT%s option", 408 fat == 32 ? 'e' : opt_i ? 'i' : 'k', 409 fat == 32 ? "32" : "12/16"); 410 if (opt_f && fat == 32) 411 bpb.rde = 0; 412 if (opt_b) { 413 if (!powerof2(opt_b)) 414 errx(1, "block size (%u) is not a power of 2", opt_b); 415 if (opt_b < bpb.bps) 416 errx(1, "block size (%u) is too small; minimum is %u", 417 opt_b, bpb.bps); 418 if (opt_b > bpb.bps * MAXSPC) 419 errx(1, "block size (%u) is too large; maximum is %u", 420 opt_b, bpb.bps * MAXSPC); 421 bpb.spc = opt_b / bpb.bps; 422 } 423 if (opt_c) { 424 if (!powerof2(opt_c)) 425 errx(1, "sectors/cluster (%u) is not a power of 2", opt_c); 426 bpb.spc = opt_c; 427 } 428 if (opt_r) 429 bpb.res = opt_r; 430 if (opt_n) { 431 if (opt_n > MAXNFT) 432 errx(1, "number of FATs (%u) is too large; maximum is %u", 433 opt_n, MAXNFT); 434 bpb.nft = opt_n; 435 } 436 if (opt_e) 437 bpb.rde = opt_e; 438 if (mflag) { 439 if (opt_m < 0xf0) 440 errx(1, "illegal media descriptor (%#x)", opt_m); 441 bpb.mid = opt_m; 442 } 443 if (opt_a) 444 bpb.bspf = opt_a; 445 if (opt_i) 446 bpb.infs = opt_i; 447 if (opt_k) 448 bpb.bkbs = opt_k; 449 bss = 1; 450 bname = NULL; 451 fd1 = -1; 452 if (opt_B) { 453 bname = opt_B; 454 if (!strchr(bname, '/')) { 455 snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "/boot/%s", bname); 456 if (!(bname = strdup(buf))) 457 err(1, NULL); 458 } 459 if ((fd1 = open(bname, O_RDONLY)) == -1 || fstat(fd1, &sb)) 460 err(1, "%s", bname); 461 if (!S_ISREG(sb.st_mode) || sb.st_size % bpb.bps || 462 sb.st_size < bpb.bps || sb.st_size > bpb.bps * MAXU16) 463 errx(1, "%s: inappropriate file type or format", bname); 464 bss = sb.st_size / bpb.bps; 465 } 466 if (!bpb.nft) 467 bpb.nft = 2; 468 if (!fat) { 469 if (bpb.bsec < (bpb.res ? bpb.res : bss) + 470 howmany((RESFTE + (bpb.spc ? MINCLS16 : MAXCLS12 + 1)) * 471 ((bpb.spc ? 16 : 12) / BPN), bpb.bps * NPB) * 472 bpb.nft + 473 howmany(bpb.rde ? bpb.rde : DEFRDE, 474 bpb.bps / sizeof(struct de)) + 475 (bpb.spc ? MINCLS16 : MAXCLS12 + 1) * 476 (bpb.spc ? bpb.spc : howmany(DEFBLK, bpb.bps))) 477 fat = 12; 478 else if (bpb.rde || bpb.bsec < 479 (bpb.res ? bpb.res : bss) + 480 howmany((RESFTE + MAXCLS16) * 2, bpb.bps) * bpb.nft + 481 howmany(DEFRDE, bpb.bps / sizeof(struct de)) + 482 (MAXCLS16 + 1) * 483 (bpb.spc ? bpb.spc : howmany(8192, bpb.bps))) 484 fat = 16; 485 else 486 fat = 32; 487 } 488 x = bss; 489 if (fat == 32) { 490 if (!bpb.infs) { 491 if (x == MAXU16 || x == bpb.bkbs) 492 errx(1, "no room for info sector"); 493 bpb.infs = x; 494 } 495 if (bpb.infs != MAXU16 && x <= bpb.infs) 496 x = bpb.infs + 1; 497 if (!bpb.bkbs) { 498 if (x == MAXU16) 499 errx(1, "no room for backup sector"); 500 bpb.bkbs = x; 501 } else if (bpb.bkbs != MAXU16 && bpb.bkbs == bpb.infs) 502 errx(1, "backup sector would overwrite info sector"); 503 if (bpb.bkbs != MAXU16 && x <= bpb.bkbs) 504 x = bpb.bkbs + 1; 505 } 506 if (!bpb.res) 507 bpb.res = fat == 32 ? MAX(x, MAX(16384 / bpb.bps, 4)) : x; 508 else if (bpb.res < x) 509 errx(1, "too few reserved sectors (need %d have %d)", x, bpb.res); 510 if (fat != 32 && !bpb.rde) 511 bpb.rde = DEFRDE; 512 rds = howmany(bpb.rde, bpb.bps / sizeof(struct de)); 513 if (!bpb.spc) 514 for (bpb.spc = howmany(fat == 16 ? DEFBLK16 : DEFBLK, bpb.bps); 515 bpb.spc < MAXSPC && 516 bpb.res + 517 howmany((RESFTE + maxcls(fat)) * (fat / BPN), 518 bpb.bps * NPB) * bpb.nft + 519 rds + 520 (u_int64_t)(maxcls(fat) + 1) * bpb.spc <= bpb.bsec; 521 bpb.spc <<= 1); 522 if (fat != 32 && bpb.bspf > MAXU16) 523 errx(1, "too many sectors/FAT for FAT12/16"); 524 x1 = bpb.res + rds; 525 x = bpb.bspf ? bpb.bspf : 1; 526 if (x1 + (u_int64_t)x * bpb.nft > bpb.bsec) 527 errx(1, "meta data exceeds file system size"); 528 x1 += x * bpb.nft; 529 x = (u_int64_t)(bpb.bsec - x1) * bpb.bps * NPB / 530 (bpb.spc * bpb.bps * NPB + fat / BPN * bpb.nft); 531 x2 = howmany((RESFTE + MIN(x, maxcls(fat))) * (fat / BPN), 532 bpb.bps * NPB); 533 if (!bpb.bspf) { 534 bpb.bspf = x2; 535 x1 += (bpb.bspf - 1) * bpb.nft; 536 } 537 cls = (bpb.bsec - x1) / bpb.spc; 538 x = (u_int64_t)bpb.bspf * bpb.bps * NPB / (fat / BPN) - RESFTE; 539 if (cls > x) 540 cls = x; 541 if (bpb.bspf < x2) 542 warnx("warning: sectors/FAT limits file system to %u clusters", 543 cls); 544 if (cls < mincls(fat)) 545 errx(1, "%u clusters too few clusters for FAT%u, need %u", cls, fat, 546 mincls(fat)); 547 if (cls > maxcls(fat)) { 548 cls = maxcls(fat); 549 bpb.bsec = x1 + (cls + 1) * bpb.spc - 1; 550 warnx("warning: FAT type limits file system to %u sectors", 551 bpb.bsec); 552 } 553 printf("%s: %u sector%s in %u FAT%u cluster%s " 554 "(%u bytes/cluster)\n", fname, cls * bpb.spc, 555 cls * bpb.spc == 1 ? "" : "s", cls, fat, 556 cls == 1 ? "" : "s", bpb.bps * bpb.spc); 557 if (!bpb.mid) 558 bpb.mid = !bpb.hid ? 0xf0 : 0xf8; 559 if (fat == 32) 560 bpb.rdcl = RESFTE; 561 if (bpb.hid + bpb.bsec <= MAXU16) { 562 bpb.sec = bpb.bsec; 563 bpb.bsec = 0; 564 } 565 if (fat != 32) { 566 bpb.spf = bpb.bspf; 567 bpb.bspf = 0; 568 } 569 ch = 0; 570 if (fat == 12) 571 ch = 1; /* 001 Primary DOS with 12 bit FAT */ 572 else if (fat == 16) { 573 if (bpb.bsec == 0) 574 ch = 4; /* 004 Primary DOS with 16 bit FAT <32M */ 575 else 576 ch = 6; /* 006 Primary 'big' DOS, 16-bit FAT (> 32MB) */ 577 /* 578 * XXX: what about: 579 * 014 DOS (16-bit FAT) - LBA 580 * ? 581 */ 582 } else if (fat == 32) { 583 ch = 11; /* 011 Primary DOS with 32 bit FAT */ 584 /* 585 * XXX: what about: 586 * 012 Primary DOS with 32 bit FAT - LBA 587 * ? 588 */ 589 } 590 if (ch != 0) 591 printf("MBR type: %d\n", ch); 592 print_bpb(&bpb); 593 if (!opt_N) { 594 gettimeofday(&tv, NULL); 595 now = tv.tv_sec; 596 tm = localtime(&now); 597 if (!(img = malloc(bpb.bps))) 598 err(1, NULL); 599 dir = bpb.res + (bpb.spf ? bpb.spf : bpb.bspf) * bpb.nft; 600 signal(SIGINFO, infohandler); 601 for (lsn = 0; lsn < dir + (fat == 32 ? bpb.spc : rds); lsn++) { 602 if (got_siginfo) { 603 fprintf(stderr,"%s: writing sector %u of %u (%u%%)\n", 604 fname,lsn,(dir + (fat == 32 ? bpb.spc : rds)), 605 (lsn*100)/(dir + (fat == 32 ? bpb.spc : rds))); 606 got_siginfo = 0; 607 } 608 x = lsn; 609 if (opt_B && 610 fat == 32 && bpb.bkbs != MAXU16 && 611 bss <= bpb.bkbs && x >= bpb.bkbs) { 612 x -= bpb.bkbs; 613 if (!x && lseek(fd1, 0, SEEK_SET)) 614 err(1, "%s", bname); 615 } 616 if (opt_B && x < bss) { 617 if ((n = read(fd1, img, bpb.bps)) == -1) 618 err(1, "%s", bname); 619 if (n != bpb.bps) 620 errx(1, "%s: can't read sector %u", bname, x); 621 } else 622 memset(img, 0, bpb.bps); 623 if (!lsn || 624 (fat == 32 && bpb.bkbs != MAXU16 && lsn == bpb.bkbs)) { 625 x1 = sizeof(struct bs); 626 bsbpb = (struct bsbpb *)(img + x1); 627 mk2(bsbpb->bps, bpb.bps); 628 mk1(bsbpb->spc, bpb.spc); 629 mk2(bsbpb->res, bpb.res); 630 mk1(bsbpb->nft, bpb.nft); 631 mk2(bsbpb->rde, bpb.rde); 632 mk2(bsbpb->sec, bpb.sec); 633 mk1(bsbpb->mid, bpb.mid); 634 mk2(bsbpb->spf, bpb.spf); 635 mk2(bsbpb->spt, bpb.spt); 636 mk2(bsbpb->hds, bpb.hds); 637 mk4(bsbpb->hid, bpb.hid); 638 mk4(bsbpb->bsec, bpb.bsec); 639 x1 += sizeof(struct bsbpb); 640 if (fat == 32) { 641 bsxbpb = (struct bsxbpb *)(img + x1); 642 mk4(bsxbpb->bspf, bpb.bspf); 643 mk2(bsxbpb->xflg, 0); 644 mk2(bsxbpb->vers, 0); 645 mk4(bsxbpb->rdcl, bpb.rdcl); 646 mk2(bsxbpb->infs, bpb.infs); 647 mk2(bsxbpb->bkbs, bpb.bkbs); 648 x1 += sizeof(struct bsxbpb); 649 } 650 bsx = (struct bsx *)(img + x1); 651 mk1(bsx->sig, 0x29); 652 if (Iflag) 653 x = opt_I; 654 else 655 x = (((u_int)(1 + tm->tm_mon) << 8 | 656 (u_int)tm->tm_mday) + 657 ((u_int)tm->tm_sec << 8 | 658 (u_int)(tv.tv_usec / 10))) << 16 | 659 ((u_int)(1900 + tm->tm_year) + 660 ((u_int)tm->tm_hour << 8 | 661 (u_int)tm->tm_min)); 662 mk4(bsx->volid, x); 663 mklabel(bsx->label, opt_L ? opt_L : "NO_NAME"); 664 snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "FAT%u", fat); 665 setstr(bsx->type, buf, sizeof(bsx->type)); 666 if (!opt_B) { 667 x1 += sizeof(struct bsx); 668 bs = (struct bs *)img; 669 mk1(bs->jmp[0], 0xeb); 670 mk1(bs->jmp[1], x1 - 2); 671 mk1(bs->jmp[2], 0x90); 672 setstr(bs->oem, opt_O ? opt_O : "NetBSD", 673 sizeof(bs->oem)); 674 memcpy(img + x1, bootcode, sizeof(bootcode)); 675 mk2(img + MINBPS - 2, DOSMAGIC); 676 } 677 } else if (fat == 32 && bpb.infs != MAXU16 && 678 (lsn == bpb.infs || 679 (bpb.bkbs != MAXU16 && 680 lsn == bpb.bkbs + bpb.infs))) { 681 mk4(img, 0x41615252); 682 mk4(img + MINBPS - 28, 0x61417272); 683 mk4(img + MINBPS - 24, 0xffffffff); 684 mk4(img + MINBPS - 20, bpb.rdcl); 685 mk2(img + MINBPS - 2, DOSMAGIC); 686 } else if (lsn >= bpb.res && lsn < dir && 687 !((lsn - bpb.res) % 688 (bpb.spf ? bpb.spf : bpb.bspf))) { 689 mk1(img[0], bpb.mid); 690 for (x = 1; x < fat * (fat == 32 ? 3 : 2) / 8; x++) 691 mk1(img[x], fat == 32 && x % 4 == 3 ? 0x0f : 0xff); 692 } else if (lsn == dir && opt_L) { 693 de = (struct de *)img; 694 mklabel(de->namext, opt_L); 695 mk1(de->attr, 050); 696 x = (u_int)tm->tm_hour << 11 | 697 (u_int)tm->tm_min << 5 | 698 (u_int)tm->tm_sec >> 1; 699 mk2(de->time, x); 700 x = (u_int)(tm->tm_year - 80) << 9 | 701 (u_int)(tm->tm_mon + 1) << 5 | 702 (u_int)tm->tm_mday; 703 mk2(de->date, x); 704 } 705 if ((n = write(fd, img, bpb.bps)) == -1) 706 err(1, "%s", fname); 707 if (n != bpb.bps) 708 errx(1, "%s: can't write sector %u", fname, lsn); 709 } 710 } 711 return 0; 712 } 713 714 /* 715 * Exit with error if file system is mounted. 716 */ 717 static void 718 check_mounted(const char *fname, mode_t mode) 719 { 720 struct statvfs *mp; 721 const char *s1, *s2; 722 size_t len; 723 int n, r; 724 725 if (!(n = getmntinfo(&mp, MNT_NOWAIT))) 726 err(1, "getmntinfo"); 727 len = strlen(_PATH_DEV); 728 s1 = fname; 729 if (!strncmp(s1, _PATH_DEV, len)) 730 s1 += len; 731 r = S_ISCHR(mode) && s1 != fname && *s1 == 'r'; 732 for (; n--; mp++) { 733 s2 = mp->f_mntfromname; 734 if (!strncmp(s2, _PATH_DEV, len)) 735 s2 += len; 736 if ((r && s2 != mp->f_mntfromname && !strcmp(s1 + 1, s2)) || 737 !strcmp(s1, s2)) 738 errx(1, "%s is mounted on %s", fname, mp->f_mntonname); 739 } 740 } 741 742 /* 743 * Get a standard format. 744 */ 745 static void 746 getstdfmt(const char *fmt, struct bpb *bpb) 747 { 748 u_int x, i; 749 750 x = sizeof(stdfmt) / sizeof(stdfmt[0]); 751 for (i = 0; i < x && strcmp(fmt, stdfmt[i].name); i++); 752 if (i == x) 753 errx(1, "%s: unknown standard format", fmt); 754 *bpb = stdfmt[i].bpb; 755 } 756 757 /* 758 * Get disk slice, partition, and geometry information. 759 */ 760 static void 761 getdiskinfo(int fd, const char *fname, const char *dtype, int oflag, 762 struct bpb *bpb) 763 { 764 #ifdef __FreeBSD__ 765 struct diskslices ds; 766 int slice = -1; 767 #define NO_SLICE (slice == -1) 768 #else 769 #define NO_SLICE 0 770 #endif 771 struct disklabel dl, *lp; 772 const char *s1, *s2; 773 char *s; 774 int part, fd1, i, e; 775 int maxpartitions; 776 u_int nsectors, ntracks; 777 778 part = -1; 779 s1 = fname; 780 if ((s2 = strrchr(s1, '/'))) 781 s1 = s2 + 1; 782 for (s2 = s1; *s2 && !isdigit((unsigned char)*s2); s2++); 783 if (!*s2 || s2 == s1) 784 s2 = NULL; 785 else 786 while (isdigit((unsigned char)*++s2)); 787 s1 = s2; 788 #ifdef __FreeBSD__ 789 if (s2 && *s2 == 's') { 790 slice = strtol(s2 + 1, &s, 10); 791 if (slice < 1 || slice > MAX_SLICES - BASE_SLICE) 792 s2 = NULL; 793 else { 794 slice = BASE_SLICE + slice - 1; 795 s2 = s; 796 } 797 } 798 #endif 799 800 #ifdef __NetBSD__ 801 maxpartitions = getmaxpartitions(); 802 #else 803 maxpartitions = MAXPARTITIONS; 804 #endif 805 806 if (s2 && *s2 >= 'a' && *s2 <= 'a' + maxpartitions - 1) { 807 #ifdef __FreeBSD__ 808 if (slice == -1) 809 slice = COMPATIBILITY_SLICE; 810 #endif 811 part = *s2++ - 'a'; 812 } 813 #ifdef __FreeBSD__ 814 if (!s2 || (*s2 && *s2 != '.')) 815 errx(1, "%s: can't figure out partition info", fname); 816 if (slice != -1 && (!oflag || (!bpb->bsec && part == -1))) { 817 if (ioctl(fd, DIOCGSLICEINFO, &ds) == -1) { 818 warn("ioctl (GSLICEINFO)"); 819 errx(1, "%s: can't get slice info", fname); 820 } 821 if (slice >= ds.dss_nslices || !ds.dss_slices[slice].ds_size) 822 errx(1, "%s: slice is unavailable", fname); 823 if (!oflag) 824 bpb->hid = ds.dss_slices[slice].ds_offset; 825 if (!bpb->bsec && part == -1) 826 bpb->bsec = ds.dss_slices[slice].ds_size; 827 } 828 #endif 829 if (((NO_SLICE || part != -1) && 830 ((!oflag && part != -1) || !bpb->bsec)) || 831 !bpb->bps || !bpb->spt || !bpb->hds) { 832 lp = &dl; 833 i = ioctl(fd, DIOCGDINFO, lp); 834 if (i == -1 && !NO_SLICE && part == -1 && s1) { 835 e = errno; 836 if (!(s = strdup(fname))) 837 err(1, NULL); 838 s[s1 - fname] = 0; 839 if ((fd1 = open(s, O_RDONLY)) != -1) { 840 i = ioctl(fd1, DIOCGDINFO, lp); 841 close(fd1); 842 } 843 free(s); 844 errno = e; 845 } 846 if (i == -1) { 847 if (!dtype) { 848 warn("ioctl (DIOCGDINFO)"); 849 errx(1, "%s: can't read disk label; " 850 "disk type must be specified", fname); 851 } else if (!(lp = getdiskbyname(dtype))) 852 errx(1, "%s: unknown disk type", dtype); 853 } 854 if (NO_SLICE || part != -1) { 855 #ifdef __FreeBSD__ 856 if (part == -1) 857 part = RAW_PART; 858 #endif 859 if (part >= lp->d_npartitions || 860 !lp->d_partitions[part].p_size) 861 errx(1, "%s: partition is unavailable", fname); 862 if (!oflag && part != -1) 863 bpb->hid += lp->d_partitions[part].p_offset; 864 if (!bpb->bsec) 865 bpb->bsec = lp->d_partitions[part].p_size; 866 } 867 if (!bpb->bps) 868 bpb->bps = ckgeom(fname, lp->d_secsize, "bytes/sector"); 869 870 nsectors = lp->d_nsectors; 871 ntracks = lp->d_ntracks; 872 if (nsectors > 63 || ntracks > 255) { 873 /* 874 * The kernel doesn't accept BPB with spt > 63 or hds > 255. 875 * (see sys/fs/msdosfs/msdosfs_vfsops.c:msdosfs_mountfs()) 876 * If values taken from disklabel don't match these 877 * restrictions, use popular BIOS default values instead. 878 */ 879 nsectors = 63; 880 ntracks = 255; 881 } 882 if (!bpb->spt) 883 bpb->spt = ckgeom(fname, nsectors, "sectors/track"); 884 if (!bpb->hds) 885 bpb->hds = ckgeom(fname, ntracks, "drive heads"); 886 } 887 } 888 889 /* 890 * Print out BPB values. 891 */ 892 static void 893 print_bpb(struct bpb *bpb) 894 { 895 printf("bps=%u spc=%u res=%u nft=%u", bpb->bps, bpb->spc, bpb->res, 896 bpb->nft); 897 if (bpb->rde) 898 printf(" rde=%u", bpb->rde); 899 if (bpb->sec) 900 printf(" sec=%u", bpb->sec); 901 printf(" mid=%#x", bpb->mid); 902 if (bpb->spf) 903 printf(" spf=%u", bpb->spf); 904 printf(" spt=%u hds=%u hid=%u", bpb->spt, bpb->hds, bpb->hid); 905 if (bpb->bsec) 906 printf(" bsec=%u", bpb->bsec); 907 if (!bpb->spf) { 908 printf(" bspf=%u rdcl=%u", bpb->bspf, bpb->rdcl); 909 printf(" infs="); 910 printf(bpb->infs == MAXU16 ? "%#x" : "%u", bpb->infs); 911 printf(" bkbs="); 912 printf(bpb->bkbs == MAXU16 ? "%#x" : "%u", bpb->bkbs); 913 } 914 printf("\n"); 915 } 916 917 /* 918 * Check a disk geometry value. 919 */ 920 static u_int 921 ckgeom(const char *fname, u_int val, const char *msg) 922 { 923 if (!val) 924 errx(1, "%s: no default %s", fname, msg); 925 if (val > MAXU16) 926 errx(1, "%s: illegal %s", fname, msg); 927 return val; 928 } 929 930 /* 931 * Convert and check a numeric option argument. 932 */ 933 static u_int 934 argtou(const char *arg, u_int lo, u_int hi, const char *msg) 935 { 936 char *s; 937 u_long x; 938 939 errno = 0; 940 x = strtoul(arg, &s, 0); 941 if (errno || !*arg || *s || x < lo || x > hi) 942 errx(1, "%s: bad %s", arg, msg); 943 return x; 944 } 945 946 /* 947 * Check a volume label. 948 */ 949 static int 950 oklabel(const char *src) 951 { 952 int c, i; 953 954 for (i = 0; i <= 11; i++) { 955 c = (u_char)*src++; 956 if (c < ' ' + !i || strchr("\"*+,./:;<=>?[\\]|", c)) 957 break; 958 } 959 return i && !c; 960 } 961 962 /* 963 * Make a volume label. 964 */ 965 static void 966 mklabel(u_int8_t *dest, const char *src) 967 { 968 int c, i; 969 970 for (i = 0; i < 11; i++) { 971 c = *src ? toupper((unsigned char)*src++) : ' '; 972 *dest++ = !i && c == '\xe5' ? 5 : c; 973 } 974 } 975 976 /* 977 * Copy string, padding with spaces. 978 */ 979 static void 980 setstr(u_int8_t *dest, const char *src, size_t len) 981 { 982 while (len--) 983 *dest++ = *src ? *src++ : ' '; 984 } 985 986 /* 987 * Print usage message. 988 */ 989 static void 990 usage(void) 991 { 992 fprintf(stderr, 993 "usage: %s [ -options ] special [disktype]\n", getprogname()); 994 fprintf(stderr, "where the options are:\n"); 995 fprintf(stderr, "\t-N don't create file system: " 996 "just print out parameters\n"); 997 fprintf(stderr, "\t-B get bootstrap from file\n"); 998 fprintf(stderr, "\t-F FAT type (12, 16, or 32)\n"); 999 fprintf(stderr, "\t-I volume ID\n"); 1000 fprintf(stderr, "\t-L volume label\n"); 1001 fprintf(stderr, "\t-O OEM string\n"); 1002 fprintf(stderr, "\t-S bytes/sector\n"); 1003 fprintf(stderr, "\t-a sectors/FAT\n"); 1004 fprintf(stderr, "\t-b block size\n"); 1005 fprintf(stderr, "\t-c sectors/cluster\n"); 1006 fprintf(stderr, "\t-e root directory entries\n"); 1007 fprintf(stderr, "\t-f standard format\n"); 1008 fprintf(stderr, "\t-h drive heads\n"); 1009 fprintf(stderr, "\t-i file system info sector\n"); 1010 fprintf(stderr, "\t-k backup boot sector\n"); 1011 fprintf(stderr, "\t-m media descriptor\n"); 1012 fprintf(stderr, "\t-n number of FATs\n"); 1013 fprintf(stderr, "\t-o hidden sectors\n"); 1014 fprintf(stderr, "\t-r reserved sectors\n"); 1015 fprintf(stderr, "\t-s file system size (sectors)\n"); 1016 fprintf(stderr, "\t-u sectors/track\n"); 1017 exit(1); 1018 } 1019 1020 void 1021 infohandler(int sig) 1022 { 1023 got_siginfo = 1; 1024 } 1025
Indexes created Wed Oct 22 00:09:40 GMT 2025