newfs_msdos.c revision 1.8
1 /* $NetBSD: newfs_msdos.c,v 1.8 2001/09/10 19:25:35 pooka Exp $ */ 2 3 /* 4 * Copyright (c) 1998 Robert Nordier 5 * All rights reserved. 6 * 7 * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without 8 * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions 9 * are met: 10 * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright 11 * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. 12 * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright 13 * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in 14 * the documentation and/or other materials provided with the 15 * distribution. 16 * 17 * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR(S) ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS 18 * OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED 19 * WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE 20 * ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR(S) BE LIABLE FOR ANY 21 * DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL 22 * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE 23 * GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS 24 * INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER 25 * IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR 26 * OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN 27 * IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE. 28 */ 29 30 #include <sys/cdefs.h> 31 #ifndef lint 32 #if 0 33 static const char rcsid[] = 34 "$FreeBSD: src/sbin/newfs_msdos/newfs_msdos.c,v 1.15 2000/10/10 01:49:37 wollman Exp $"; 35 #else 36 __RCSID("$NetBSD: newfs_msdos.c,v 1.8 2001/09/10 19:25:35 pooka Exp $"); 37 #endif 38 #endif /* not lint */ 39 40 #include <sys/types.h> 41 #include <sys/param.h> 42 #ifdef __FreeBSD__ 43 #include <sys/diskslice.h> 44 #endif 45 #include <sys/disklabel.h> 46 #include <sys/mount.h> 47 #include <sys/stat.h> 48 #include <sys/time.h> 49 #include <sys/ioctl.h> 50 51 #include <ctype.h> 52 #include <err.h> 53 #include <errno.h> 54 #include <fcntl.h> 55 #include <paths.h> 56 #include <stdio.h> 57 #include <stdlib.h> 58 #include <string.h> 59 #include <time.h> 60 #include <unistd.h> 61 #ifdef __NetBSD__ 62 #include <disktab.h> 63 #include <util.h> 64 #endif 65 66 #define MAXU16 0xffff /* maximum unsigned 16-bit quantity */ 67 #define BPN 4 /* bits per nibble */ 68 #define NPB 2 /* nibbles per byte */ 69 70 #define DOSMAGIC 0xaa55 /* DOS magic number */ 71 #define MINBPS 128 /* minimum bytes per sector */ 72 #define MAXSPC 128 /* maximum sectors per cluster */ 73 #define MAXNFT 16 /* maximum number of FATs */ 74 #define DEFBLK 4096 /* default block size */ 75 #define DEFBLK16 2048 /* default block size FAT16 */ 76 #define DEFRDE 512 /* default root directory entries */ 77 #define RESFTE 2 /* reserved FAT entries */ 78 #define MINCLS12 1 /* minimum FAT12 clusters */ 79 #define MINCLS16 0x1000 /* minimum FAT16 clusters */ 80 #define MINCLS32 2 /* minimum FAT32 clusters */ 81 #define MAXCLS12 0xfed /* maximum FAT12 clusters */ 82 #define MAXCLS16 0xfff5 /* maximum FAT16 clusters */ 83 #define MAXCLS32 0xffffff5 /* maximum FAT32 clusters */ 84 85 #define mincls(fat) ((fat) == 12 ? MINCLS12 : \ 86 (fat) == 16 ? MINCLS16 : \ 87 MINCLS32) 88 89 #define maxcls(fat) ((fat) == 12 ? MAXCLS12 : \ 90 (fat) == 16 ? MAXCLS16 : \ 91 MAXCLS32) 92 93 #define mk1(p, x) \ 94 (p) = (u_int8_t)(x) 95 96 #define mk2(p, x) \ 97 (p)[0] = (u_int8_t)(x), \ 98 (p)[1] = (u_int8_t)((x) >> 010) 99 100 #define mk4(p, x) \ 101 (p)[0] = (u_int8_t)(x), \ 102 (p)[1] = (u_int8_t)((x) >> 010), \ 103 (p)[2] = (u_int8_t)((x) >> 020), \ 104 (p)[3] = (u_int8_t)((x) >> 030) 105 106 #define argto1(arg, lo, msg) argtou(arg, lo, 0xff, msg) 107 #define argto2(arg, lo, msg) argtou(arg, lo, 0xffff, msg) 108 #define argto4(arg, lo, msg) argtou(arg, lo, 0xffffffff, msg) 109 #define argtox(arg, lo, msg) argtou(arg, lo, UINT_MAX, msg) 110 111 struct bs { 112 u_int8_t jmp[3]; /* bootstrap entry point */ 113 u_int8_t oem[8]; /* OEM name and version */ 114 }; 115 116 struct bsbpb { 117 u_int8_t bps[2]; /* bytes per sector */ 118 u_int8_t spc; /* sectors per cluster */ 119 u_int8_t res[2]; /* reserved sectors */ 120 u_int8_t nft; /* number of FATs */ 121 u_int8_t rde[2]; /* root directory entries */ 122 u_int8_t sec[2]; /* total sectors */ 123 u_int8_t mid; /* media descriptor */ 124 u_int8_t spf[2]; /* sectors per FAT */ 125 u_int8_t spt[2]; /* sectors per track */ 126 u_int8_t hds[2]; /* drive heads */ 127 u_int8_t hid[4]; /* hidden sectors */ 128 u_int8_t bsec[4]; /* big total sectors */ 129 }; 130 131 struct bsxbpb { 132 u_int8_t bspf[4]; /* big sectors per FAT */ 133 u_int8_t xflg[2]; /* FAT control flags */ 134 u_int8_t vers[2]; /* file system version */ 135 u_int8_t rdcl[4]; /* root directory start cluster */ 136 u_int8_t infs[2]; /* file system info sector */ 137 u_int8_t bkbs[2]; /* backup boot sector */ 138 u_int8_t rsvd[12]; /* reserved */ 139 }; 140 141 struct bsx { 142 u_int8_t drv; /* drive number */ 143 u_int8_t rsvd; /* reserved */ 144 u_int8_t sig; /* extended boot signature */ 145 u_int8_t volid[4]; /* volume ID number */ 146 u_int8_t label[11]; /* volume label */ 147 u_int8_t type[8]; /* file system type */ 148 }; 149 150 struct de { 151 u_int8_t namext[11]; /* name and extension */ 152 u_int8_t attr; /* attributes */ 153 u_int8_t rsvd[10]; /* reserved */ 154 u_int8_t time[2]; /* creation time */ 155 u_int8_t date[2]; /* creation date */ 156 u_int8_t clus[2]; /* starting cluster */ 157 u_int8_t size[4]; /* size */ 158 }; 159 160 struct bpb { 161 u_int bps; /* bytes per sector */ 162 u_int spc; /* sectors per cluster */ 163 u_int res; /* reserved sectors */ 164 u_int nft; /* number of FATs */ 165 u_int rde; /* root directory entries */ 166 u_int sec; /* total sectors */ 167 u_int mid; /* media descriptor */ 168 u_int spf; /* sectors per FAT */ 169 u_int spt; /* sectors per track */ 170 u_int hds; /* drive heads */ 171 u_int hid; /* hidden sectors */ 172 u_int bsec; /* big total sectors */ 173 u_int bspf; /* big sectors per FAT */ 174 u_int rdcl; /* root directory start cluster */ 175 u_int infs; /* file system info sector */ 176 u_int bkbs; /* backup boot sector */ 177 }; 178 179 static struct { 180 const char *name; 181 struct bpb bpb; 182 } stdfmt[] = { 183 {"160", {512, 1, 1, 2, 64, 320, 0xfe, 1, 8, 1}}, 184 {"180", {512, 1, 1, 2, 64, 360, 0xfc, 2, 9, 1}}, 185 {"320", {512, 2, 1, 2, 112, 640, 0xff, 1, 8, 2}}, 186 {"360", {512, 2, 1, 2, 112, 720, 0xfd, 2, 9, 2}}, 187 {"640", {512, 2, 1, 2, 112, 1280, 0xfb, 2, 8, 2}}, 188 {"720", {512, 2, 1, 2, 112, 1440, 0xf9, 3, 9, 2}}, 189 {"1200", {512, 1, 1, 2, 224, 2400, 0xf9, 7, 15, 2}}, 190 {"1232", {1024,1, 1, 2, 192, 1232, 0xfe, 2, 8, 2}}, 191 {"1440", {512, 1, 1, 2, 224, 2880, 0xf0, 9, 18, 2}}, 192 {"2880", {512, 2, 1, 2, 240, 5760, 0xf0, 9, 36, 2}} 193 }; 194 195 static u_int8_t bootcode[] = { 196 0xfa, /* cli */ 197 0x31, 0xc0, /* xor ax,ax */ 198 0x8e, 0xd0, /* mov ss,ax */ 199 0xbc, 0x00, 0x7c, /* mov sp,7c00h */ 200 0xfb, /* sti */ 201 0x8e, 0xd8, /* mov ds,ax */ 202 0xe8, 0x00, 0x00, /* call $ + 3 */ 203 0x5e, /* pop si */ 204 0x83, 0xc6, 0x19, /* add si,+19h */ 205 0xbb, 0x07, 0x00, /* mov bx,0007h */ 206 0xfc, /* cld */ 207 0xac, /* lodsb */ 208 0x84, 0xc0, /* test al,al */ 209 0x74, 0x06, /* jz $ + 8 */ 210 0xb4, 0x0e, /* mov ah,0eh */ 211 0xcd, 0x10, /* int 10h */ 212 0xeb, 0xf5, /* jmp $ - 9 */ 213 0x30, 0xe4, /* xor ah,ah */ 214 0xcd, 0x16, /* int 16h */ 215 0xcd, 0x19, /* int 19h */ 216 0x0d, 0x0a, 217 'N', 'o', 'n', '-', 's', 'y', 's', 't', 218 'e', 'm', ' ', 'd', 'i', 's', 'k', 219 0x0d, 0x0a, 220 'P', 'r', 'e', 's', 's', ' ', 'a', 'n', 221 'y', ' ', 'k', 'e', 'y', ' ', 't', 'o', 222 ' ', 'r', 'e', 'b', 'o', 'o', 't', 223 0x0d, 0x0a, 224 0 225 }; 226 227 static void check_mounted(const char *, mode_t); 228 static void getstdfmt(const char *, struct bpb *); 229 static void getdiskinfo(int, const char *, const char *, int, 230 struct bpb *); 231 static void print_bpb(struct bpb *); 232 static u_int ckgeom(const char *, u_int, const char *); 233 static u_int argtou(const char *, u_int, u_int, const char *); 234 static int oklabel(const char *); 235 static void mklabel(u_int8_t *, const char *); 236 static void setstr(u_int8_t *, const char *, size_t); 237 static void usage(void); 238 239 /* 240 * Construct a FAT12, FAT16, or FAT32 file system. 241 */ 242 int 243 main(int argc, char *argv[]) 244 { 245 static char opts[] = "NB:F:I:L:O:S:a:b:c:e:f:h:i:k:m:n:o:r:s:u:"; 246 static const char *opt_B, *opt_L, *opt_O, *opt_f; 247 static u_int opt_F, opt_I, opt_S, opt_a, opt_b, opt_c, opt_e; 248 static u_int opt_h, opt_i, opt_k, opt_m, opt_n, opt_o, opt_r; 249 static u_int opt_s, opt_u; 250 static int opt_N; 251 static int Iflag, mflag, oflag; 252 char buf[MAXPATHLEN]; 253 struct stat sb; 254 struct timeval tv; 255 struct bpb bpb; 256 struct tm *tm; 257 struct bs *bs; 258 struct bsbpb *bsbpb; 259 struct bsxbpb *bsxbpb; 260 struct bsx *bsx; 261 struct de *de; 262 u_int8_t *img; 263 const char *fname, *dtype, *bname; 264 ssize_t n; 265 time_t now; 266 u_int fat, bss, rds, cls, dir, lsn, x, x1, x2; 267 int ch, fd, fd1; 268 269 while ((ch = getopt(argc, argv, opts)) != -1) 270 switch (ch) { 271 case 'N': 272 opt_N = 1; 273 break; 274 case 'B': 275 opt_B = optarg; 276 break; 277 case 'F': 278 if (strcmp(optarg, "12") && 279 strcmp(optarg, "16") && 280 strcmp(optarg, "32")) 281 errx(1, "%s: bad FAT type", optarg); 282 opt_F = atoi(optarg); 283 break; 284 case 'I': 285 opt_I = argto4(optarg, 0, "volume ID"); 286 Iflag = 1; 287 break; 288 case 'L': 289 if (!oklabel(optarg)) 290 errx(1, "%s: bad volume label", optarg); 291 opt_L = optarg; 292 break; 293 case 'O': 294 if (strlen(optarg) > 8) 295 errx(1, "%s: bad OEM string", optarg); 296 opt_O = optarg; 297 break; 298 case 'S': 299 opt_S = argto2(optarg, 1, "bytes/sector"); 300 break; 301 case 'a': 302 opt_a = argto4(optarg, 1, "sectors/FAT"); 303 break; 304 case 'b': 305 opt_b = argtox(optarg, 1, "block size"); 306 opt_c = 0; 307 break; 308 case 'c': 309 opt_c = argto1(optarg, 1, "sectors/cluster"); 310 opt_b = 0; 311 break; 312 case 'e': 313 opt_e = argto2(optarg, 1, "directory entries"); 314 break; 315 case 'f': 316 opt_f = optarg; 317 break; 318 case 'h': 319 opt_h = argto2(optarg, 1, "drive heads"); 320 break; 321 case 'i': 322 opt_i = argto2(optarg, 1, "info sector"); 323 break; 324 case 'k': 325 opt_k = argto2(optarg, 1, "backup sector"); 326 break; 327 case 'm': 328 opt_m = argto1(optarg, 0, "media descriptor"); 329 mflag = 1; 330 break; 331 case 'n': 332 opt_n = argto1(optarg, 1, "number of FATs"); 333 break; 334 case 'o': 335 opt_o = argto4(optarg, 0, "hidden sectors"); 336 oflag = 1; 337 break; 338 case 'r': 339 opt_r = argto2(optarg, 1, "reserved sectors"); 340 break; 341 case 's': 342 opt_s = argto4(optarg, 1, "file system size"); 343 break; 344 case 'u': 345 opt_u = argto2(optarg, 1, "sectors/track"); 346 break; 347 default: 348 usage(); 349 } 350 argc -= optind; 351 argv += optind; 352 if (argc < 1 || argc > 2) 353 usage(); 354 fname = *argv++; 355 if (!strchr(fname, '/')) { 356 snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "%sr%s", _PATH_DEV, fname); 357 if (!(fname = strdup(buf))) 358 err(1, NULL); 359 } 360 dtype = *argv; 361 if ((fd = open(fname, opt_N ? O_RDONLY : O_RDWR)) == -1 || 362 fstat(fd, &sb)) 363 err(1, "%s", fname); 364 if (!opt_N) 365 check_mounted(fname, sb.st_mode); 366 if (!S_ISCHR(sb.st_mode)) 367 warnx("warning: %s is not a character device", fname); 368 memset(&bpb, 0, sizeof(bpb)); 369 if (opt_f) { 370 getstdfmt(opt_f, &bpb); 371 bpb.bsec = bpb.sec; 372 bpb.sec = 0; 373 bpb.bspf = bpb.spf; 374 bpb.spf = 0; 375 } 376 if (opt_h) 377 bpb.hds = opt_h; 378 if (opt_u) 379 bpb.spt = opt_u; 380 if (opt_S) 381 bpb.bps = opt_S; 382 if (opt_s) 383 bpb.bsec = opt_s; 384 if (oflag) 385 bpb.hid = opt_o; 386 if (!(opt_f || (opt_h && opt_u && opt_S && opt_s && oflag))) 387 getdiskinfo(fd, fname, dtype, oflag, &bpb); 388 if (!powerof2(bpb.bps)) 389 errx(1, "bytes/sector (%u) is not a power of 2", bpb.bps); 390 if (bpb.bps < MINBPS) 391 errx(1, "bytes/sector (%u) is too small; minimum is %u", 392 bpb.bps, MINBPS); 393 if (!(fat = opt_F)) { 394 if (opt_f) 395 fat = 12; 396 else if (!opt_e && (opt_i || opt_k)) 397 fat = 32; 398 } 399 if ((fat == 32 && opt_e) || (fat != 32 && (opt_i || opt_k))) 400 errx(1, "-%c is not a legal FAT%s option", 401 fat == 32 ? 'e' : opt_i ? 'i' : 'k', 402 fat == 32 ? "32" : "12/16"); 403 if (opt_f && fat == 32) 404 bpb.rde = 0; 405 if (opt_b) { 406 if (!powerof2(opt_b)) 407 errx(1, "block size (%u) is not a power of 2", opt_b); 408 if (opt_b < bpb.bps) 409 errx(1, "block size (%u) is too small; minimum is %u", 410 opt_b, bpb.bps); 411 if (opt_b > bpb.bps * MAXSPC) 412 errx(1, "block size (%u) is too large; maximum is %u", 413 opt_b, bpb.bps * MAXSPC); 414 bpb.spc = opt_b / bpb.bps; 415 } 416 if (opt_c) { 417 if (!powerof2(opt_c)) 418 errx(1, "sectors/cluster (%u) is not a power of 2", opt_c); 419 bpb.spc = opt_c; 420 } 421 if (opt_r) 422 bpb.res = opt_r; 423 if (opt_n) { 424 if (opt_n > MAXNFT) 425 errx(1, "number of FATs (%u) is too large; maximum is %u", 426 opt_n, MAXNFT); 427 bpb.nft = opt_n; 428 } 429 if (opt_e) 430 bpb.rde = opt_e; 431 if (mflag) { 432 if (opt_m < 0xf0) 433 errx(1, "illegal media descriptor (%#x)", opt_m); 434 bpb.mid = opt_m; 435 } 436 if (opt_a) 437 bpb.bspf = opt_a; 438 if (opt_i) 439 bpb.infs = opt_i; 440 if (opt_k) 441 bpb.bkbs = opt_k; 442 bss = 1; 443 bname = NULL; 444 fd1 = -1; 445 if (opt_B) { 446 bname = opt_B; 447 if (!strchr(bname, '/')) { 448 snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "/boot/%s", bname); 449 if (!(bname = strdup(buf))) 450 err(1, NULL); 451 } 452 if ((fd1 = open(bname, O_RDONLY)) == -1 || fstat(fd1, &sb)) 453 err(1, "%s", bname); 454 if (!S_ISREG(sb.st_mode) || sb.st_size % bpb.bps || 455 sb.st_size < bpb.bps || sb.st_size > bpb.bps * MAXU16) 456 errx(1, "%s: inappropriate file type or format", bname); 457 bss = sb.st_size / bpb.bps; 458 } 459 if (!bpb.nft) 460 bpb.nft = 2; 461 if (!fat) { 462 if (bpb.bsec < (bpb.res ? bpb.res : bss) + 463 howmany((RESFTE + (bpb.spc ? MINCLS16 : MAXCLS12 + 1)) * 464 ((bpb.spc ? 16 : 12) / BPN), bpb.bps * NPB) * 465 bpb.nft + 466 howmany(bpb.rde ? bpb.rde : DEFRDE, 467 bpb.bps / sizeof(struct de)) + 468 (bpb.spc ? MINCLS16 : MAXCLS12 + 1) * 469 (bpb.spc ? bpb.spc : howmany(DEFBLK, bpb.bps))) 470 fat = 12; 471 else if (bpb.rde || bpb.bsec < 472 (bpb.res ? bpb.res : bss) + 473 howmany((RESFTE + MAXCLS16) * 2, bpb.bps) * bpb.nft + 474 howmany(DEFRDE, bpb.bps / sizeof(struct de)) + 475 (MAXCLS16 + 1) * 476 (bpb.spc ? bpb.spc : howmany(8192, bpb.bps))) 477 fat = 16; 478 else 479 fat = 32; 480 } 481 x = bss; 482 if (fat == 32) { 483 if (!bpb.infs) { 484 if (x == MAXU16 || x == bpb.bkbs) 485 errx(1, "no room for info sector"); 486 bpb.infs = x; 487 } 488 if (bpb.infs != MAXU16 && x <= bpb.infs) 489 x = bpb.infs + 1; 490 if (!bpb.bkbs) { 491 if (x == MAXU16) 492 errx(1, "no room for backup sector"); 493 bpb.bkbs = x; 494 } else if (bpb.bkbs != MAXU16 && bpb.bkbs == bpb.infs) 495 errx(1, "backup sector would overwrite info sector"); 496 if (bpb.bkbs != MAXU16 && x <= bpb.bkbs) 497 x = bpb.bkbs + 1; 498 } 499 if (!bpb.res) 500 bpb.res = fat == 32 ? MAX(x, MAX(16384 / bpb.bps, 4)) : x; 501 else if (bpb.res < x) 502 errx(1, "too few reserved sectors"); 503 if (fat != 32 && !bpb.rde) 504 bpb.rde = DEFRDE; 505 rds = howmany(bpb.rde, bpb.bps / sizeof(struct de)); 506 if (!bpb.spc) 507 for (bpb.spc = howmany(fat == 16 ? DEFBLK16 : DEFBLK, bpb.bps); 508 bpb.spc < MAXSPC && 509 bpb.res + 510 howmany((RESFTE + maxcls(fat)) * (fat / BPN), 511 bpb.bps * NPB) * bpb.nft + 512 rds + 513 (u_int64_t)(maxcls(fat) + 1) * bpb.spc <= bpb.bsec; 514 bpb.spc <<= 1); 515 if (fat != 32 && bpb.bspf > MAXU16) 516 errx(1, "too many sectors/FAT for FAT12/16"); 517 x1 = bpb.res + rds; 518 x = bpb.bspf ? bpb.bspf : 1; 519 if (x1 + (u_int64_t)x * bpb.nft > bpb.bsec) 520 errx(1, "meta data exceeds file system size"); 521 x1 += x * bpb.nft; 522 x = (u_int64_t)(bpb.bsec - x1) * bpb.bps * NPB / 523 (bpb.spc * bpb.bps * NPB + fat / BPN * bpb.nft); 524 x2 = howmany((RESFTE + MIN(x, maxcls(fat))) * (fat / BPN), 525 bpb.bps * NPB); 526 if (!bpb.bspf) { 527 bpb.bspf = x2; 528 x1 += (bpb.bspf - 1) * bpb.nft; 529 } 530 cls = (bpb.bsec - x1) / bpb.spc; 531 x = (u_int64_t)bpb.bspf * bpb.bps * NPB / (fat / BPN) - RESFTE; 532 if (cls > x) 533 cls = x; 534 if (bpb.bspf < x2) 535 warnx("warning: sectors/FAT limits file system to %u clusters", 536 cls); 537 if (cls < mincls(fat)) 538 errx(1, "%u clusters too few clusters for FAT%u, need %u", cls, fat, 539 mincls(fat)); 540 if (cls > maxcls(fat)) { 541 cls = maxcls(fat); 542 bpb.bsec = x1 + (cls + 1) * bpb.spc - 1; 543 warnx("warning: FAT type limits file system to %u sectors", 544 bpb.bsec); 545 } 546 printf("%s: %u sector%s in %u FAT%u cluster%s " 547 "(%u bytes/cluster)\n", fname, cls * bpb.spc, 548 cls * bpb.spc == 1 ? "" : "s", cls, fat, 549 cls == 1 ? "" : "s", bpb.bps * bpb.spc); 550 if (!bpb.mid) 551 bpb.mid = !bpb.hid ? 0xf0 : 0xf8; 552 if (fat == 32) 553 bpb.rdcl = RESFTE; 554 if (bpb.hid + bpb.bsec <= MAXU16) { 555 bpb.sec = bpb.bsec; 556 bpb.bsec = 0; 557 } 558 if (fat != 32) { 559 bpb.spf = bpb.bspf; 560 bpb.bspf = 0; 561 } 562 print_bpb(&bpb); 563 if (!opt_N) { 564 gettimeofday(&tv, NULL); 565 now = tv.tv_sec; 566 tm = localtime(&now); 567 if (!(img = malloc(bpb.bps))) 568 err(1, NULL); 569 dir = bpb.res + (bpb.spf ? bpb.spf : bpb.bspf) * bpb.nft; 570 for (lsn = 0; lsn < dir + (fat == 32 ? bpb.spc : rds); lsn++) { 571 x = lsn; 572 if (opt_B && 573 fat == 32 && bpb.bkbs != MAXU16 && 574 bss <= bpb.bkbs && x >= bpb.bkbs) { 575 x -= bpb.bkbs; 576 if (!x && lseek(fd1, 0, SEEK_SET)) 577 err(1, "%s", bname); 578 } 579 if (opt_B && x < bss) { 580 if ((n = read(fd1, img, bpb.bps)) == -1) 581 err(1, "%s", bname); 582 if (n != bpb.bps) 583 errx(1, "%s: can't read sector %u", bname, x); 584 } else 585 memset(img, 0, bpb.bps); 586 if (!lsn || 587 (fat == 32 && bpb.bkbs != MAXU16 && lsn == bpb.bkbs)) { 588 x1 = sizeof(struct bs); 589 bsbpb = (struct bsbpb *)(img + x1); 590 mk2(bsbpb->bps, bpb.bps); 591 mk1(bsbpb->spc, bpb.spc); 592 mk2(bsbpb->res, bpb.res); 593 mk1(bsbpb->nft, bpb.nft); 594 mk2(bsbpb->rde, bpb.rde); 595 mk2(bsbpb->sec, bpb.sec); 596 mk1(bsbpb->mid, bpb.mid); 597 mk2(bsbpb->spf, bpb.spf); 598 mk2(bsbpb->spt, bpb.spt); 599 mk2(bsbpb->hds, bpb.hds); 600 mk4(bsbpb->hid, bpb.hid); 601 mk4(bsbpb->bsec, bpb.bsec); 602 x1 += sizeof(struct bsbpb); 603 if (fat == 32) { 604 bsxbpb = (struct bsxbpb *)(img + x1); 605 mk4(bsxbpb->bspf, bpb.bspf); 606 mk2(bsxbpb->xflg, 0); 607 mk2(bsxbpb->vers, 0); 608 mk4(bsxbpb->rdcl, bpb.rdcl); 609 mk2(bsxbpb->infs, bpb.infs); 610 mk2(bsxbpb->bkbs, bpb.bkbs); 611 x1 += sizeof(struct bsxbpb); 612 } 613 bsx = (struct bsx *)(img + x1); 614 mk1(bsx->sig, 0x29); 615 if (Iflag) 616 x = opt_I; 617 else 618 x = (((u_int)(1 + tm->tm_mon) << 8 | 619 (u_int)tm->tm_mday) + 620 ((u_int)tm->tm_sec << 8 | 621 (u_int)(tv.tv_usec / 10))) << 16 | 622 ((u_int)(1900 + tm->tm_year) + 623 ((u_int)tm->tm_hour << 8 | 624 (u_int)tm->tm_min)); 625 mk4(bsx->volid, x); 626 mklabel(bsx->label, opt_L ? opt_L : "NO NAME"); 627 sprintf(buf, "FAT%u", fat); 628 setstr(bsx->type, buf, sizeof(bsx->type)); 629 if (!opt_B) { 630 x1 += sizeof(struct bsx); 631 bs = (struct bs *)img; 632 mk1(bs->jmp[0], 0xeb); 633 mk1(bs->jmp[1], x1 - 2); 634 mk1(bs->jmp[2], 0x90); 635 setstr(bs->oem, opt_O ? opt_O : "BSD 4.4", 636 sizeof(bs->oem)); 637 memcpy(img + x1, bootcode, sizeof(bootcode)); 638 mk2(img + bpb.bps - 2, DOSMAGIC); 639 } 640 } else if (fat == 32 && bpb.infs != MAXU16 && 641 (lsn == bpb.infs || 642 (bpb.bkbs != MAXU16 && 643 lsn == bpb.bkbs + bpb.infs))) { 644 mk4(img, 0x41615252); 645 mk4(img + bpb.bps - 28, 0x61417272); 646 mk4(img + bpb.bps - 24, 0xffffffff); 647 mk4(img + bpb.bps - 20, bpb.rdcl); 648 mk2(img + bpb.bps - 2, DOSMAGIC); 649 } else if (lsn >= bpb.res && lsn < dir && 650 !((lsn - bpb.res) % 651 (bpb.spf ? bpb.spf : bpb.bspf))) { 652 mk1(img[0], bpb.mid); 653 for (x = 1; x < fat * (fat == 32 ? 3 : 2) / 8; x++) 654 mk1(img[x], fat == 32 && x % 4 == 3 ? 0x0f : 0xff); 655 } else if (lsn == dir && opt_L) { 656 de = (struct de *)img; 657 mklabel(de->namext, opt_L); 658 mk1(de->attr, 050); 659 x = (u_int)tm->tm_hour << 11 | 660 (u_int)tm->tm_min << 5 | 661 (u_int)tm->tm_sec >> 1; 662 mk2(de->time, x); 663 x = (u_int)(tm->tm_year - 80) << 9 | 664 (u_int)(tm->tm_mon + 1) << 5 | 665 (u_int)tm->tm_mday; 666 mk2(de->date, x); 667 } 668 if ((n = write(fd, img, bpb.bps)) == -1) 669 err(1, "%s", fname); 670 if (n != bpb.bps) 671 errx(1, "%s: can't write sector %u", fname, lsn); 672 } 673 } 674 return 0; 675 } 676 677 /* 678 * Exit with error if file system is mounted. 679 */ 680 static void 681 check_mounted(const char *fname, mode_t mode) 682 { 683 struct statfs *mp; 684 const char *s1, *s2; 685 size_t len; 686 int n, r; 687 688 if (!(n = getmntinfo(&mp, MNT_NOWAIT))) 689 err(1, "getmntinfo"); 690 len = strlen(_PATH_DEV); 691 s1 = fname; 692 if (!strncmp(s1, _PATH_DEV, len)) 693 s1 += len; 694 r = S_ISCHR(mode) && s1 != fname && *s1 == 'r'; 695 for (; n--; mp++) { 696 s2 = mp->f_mntfromname; 697 if (!strncmp(s2, _PATH_DEV, len)) 698 s2 += len; 699 if ((r && s2 != mp->f_mntfromname && !strcmp(s1 + 1, s2)) || 700 !strcmp(s1, s2)) 701 errx(1, "%s is mounted on %s", fname, mp->f_mntonname); 702 } 703 } 704 705 /* 706 * Get a standard format. 707 */ 708 static void 709 getstdfmt(const char *fmt, struct bpb *bpb) 710 { 711 u_int x, i; 712 713 x = sizeof(stdfmt) / sizeof(stdfmt[0]); 714 for (i = 0; i < x && strcmp(fmt, stdfmt[i].name); i++); 715 if (i == x) 716 errx(1, "%s: unknown standard format", fmt); 717 *bpb = stdfmt[i].bpb; 718 } 719 720 /* 721 * Get disk slice, partition, and geometry information. 722 */ 723 static void 724 getdiskinfo(int fd, const char *fname, const char *dtype, int oflag, 725 struct bpb *bpb) 726 { 727 #ifdef __FreeBSD__ 728 struct diskslices ds; 729 #endif 730 struct disklabel dl, *lp; 731 const char *s1, *s2; 732 char *s; 733 int slice, part, fd1, i, e; 734 int maxpartitions; 735 736 #ifdef __FreeBSD__ 737 slice = part = -1; 738 s1 = fname; 739 if ((s2 = strrchr(s1, '/'))) 740 s1 = s2 + 1; 741 for (s2 = s1; *s2 && !isdigit(*s2); s2++); 742 if (!*s2 || s2 == s1) 743 s2 = NULL; 744 else 745 while (isdigit(*++s2)); 746 s1 = s2; 747 if (s2 && *s2 == 's') { 748 slice = strtol(s2 + 1, &s, 10); 749 if (slice < 1 || slice > MAX_SLICES - BASE_SLICE) 750 s2 = NULL; 751 else { 752 slice = BASE_SLICE + slice - 1; 753 s2 = s; 754 } 755 } 756 #else 757 slice = -1; 758 #endif 759 760 #ifdef __NetBSD__ 761 maxpartitions = getmaxpartitions(); 762 #else 763 maxpartitions = MAXPARTITIONS; 764 #endif 765 766 if (s2 && *s2 >= 'a' && *s2 <= 'a' + maxpartitions - 1) { 767 #ifdef __FreeBSD__ 768 if (slice == -1) 769 slice = COMPATIBILITY_SLICE; 770 #endif 771 part = *s2++ - 'a'; 772 } 773 #ifdef __FreeBSD__ 774 if (!s2 || (*s2 && *s2 != '.')) 775 errx(1, "%s: can't figure out partition info", fname); 776 if (slice != -1 && (!oflag || (!bpb->bsec && part == -1))) { 777 if (ioctl(fd, DIOCGSLICEINFO, &ds) == -1) { 778 warn("ioctl (GSLICEINFO)"); 779 errx(1, "%s: can't get slice info", fname); 780 } 781 if (slice >= ds.dss_nslices || !ds.dss_slices[slice].ds_size) 782 errx(1, "%s: slice is unavailable", fname); 783 if (!oflag) 784 bpb->hid = ds.dss_slices[slice].ds_offset; 785 if (!bpb->bsec && part == -1) 786 bpb->bsec = ds.dss_slices[slice].ds_size; 787 } 788 #endif 789 if (((slice == -1 || part != -1) && 790 ((!oflag && part != -1) || !bpb->bsec)) || 791 !bpb->bps || !bpb->spt || !bpb->hds) { 792 lp = &dl; 793 i = ioctl(fd, DIOCGDINFO, lp); 794 if (i == -1 && slice != -1 && part == -1) { 795 e = errno; 796 if (!(s = strdup(fname))) 797 err(1, NULL); 798 s[s1 - fname] = 0; 799 if ((fd1 = open(s, O_RDONLY)) != -1) { 800 i = ioctl(fd1, DIOCGDINFO, lp); 801 close(fd1); 802 } 803 free(s); 804 errno = e; 805 } 806 if (i == -1) { 807 if (!dtype) { 808 warn("ioctl (DIOCGDINFO)"); 809 errx(1, "%s: can't read disk label; " 810 "disk type must be specified", fname); 811 } else if (!(lp = getdiskbyname(dtype))) 812 errx(1, "%s: unknown disk type", dtype); 813 } 814 if (slice == -1 || part != -1) { 815 if (part == -1) 816 part = RAW_PART; 817 if (part >= lp->d_npartitions || 818 !lp->d_partitions[part].p_size) 819 errx(1, "%s: partition is unavailable", fname); 820 if (!oflag && part != -1) 821 bpb->hid += lp->d_partitions[part].p_offset; 822 if (!bpb->bsec) 823 bpb->bsec = lp->d_partitions[part].p_size; 824 } 825 if (!bpb->bps) 826 bpb->bps = ckgeom(fname, lp->d_secsize, "bytes/sector"); 827 if (!bpb->spt) 828 bpb->spt = ckgeom(fname, lp->d_nsectors, "sectors/track"); 829 if (!bpb->hds) 830 bpb->hds = ckgeom(fname, lp->d_ntracks, "drive heads"); 831 } 832 } 833 834 /* 835 * Print out BPB values. 836 */ 837 static void 838 print_bpb(struct bpb *bpb) 839 { 840 printf("bps=%u spc=%u res=%u nft=%u", bpb->bps, bpb->spc, bpb->res, 841 bpb->nft); 842 if (bpb->rde) 843 printf(" rde=%u", bpb->rde); 844 if (bpb->sec) 845 printf(" sec=%u", bpb->sec); 846 printf(" mid=%#x", bpb->mid); 847 if (bpb->spf) 848 printf(" spf=%u", bpb->spf); 849 printf(" spt=%u hds=%u hid=%u", bpb->spt, bpb->hds, bpb->hid); 850 if (bpb->bsec) 851 printf(" bsec=%u", bpb->bsec); 852 if (!bpb->spf) { 853 printf(" bspf=%u rdcl=%u", bpb->bspf, bpb->rdcl); 854 printf(" infs="); 855 printf(bpb->infs == MAXU16 ? "%#x" : "%u", bpb->infs); 856 printf(" bkbs="); 857 printf(bpb->bkbs == MAXU16 ? "%#x" : "%u", bpb->bkbs); 858 } 859 printf("\n"); 860 } 861 862 /* 863 * Check a disk geometry value. 864 */ 865 static u_int 866 ckgeom(const char *fname, u_int val, const char *msg) 867 { 868 if (!val) 869 errx(1, "%s: no default %s", fname, msg); 870 if (val > MAXU16) 871 errx(1, "%s: illegal %s", fname, msg); 872 return val; 873 } 874 875 /* 876 * Convert and check a numeric option argument. 877 */ 878 static u_int 879 argtou(const char *arg, u_int lo, u_int hi, const char *msg) 880 { 881 char *s; 882 u_long x; 883 884 errno = 0; 885 x = strtoul(arg, &s, 0); 886 if (errno || !*arg || *s || x < lo || x > hi) 887 errx(1, "%s: bad %s", arg, msg); 888 return x; 889 } 890 891 /* 892 * Check a volume label. 893 */ 894 static int 895 oklabel(const char *src) 896 { 897 int c, i; 898 899 for (i = 0; i <= 11; i++) { 900 c = (u_char)*src++; 901 if (c < ' ' + !i || strchr("\"*+,./:;<=>?[\\]|", c)) 902 break; 903 } 904 return i && !c; 905 } 906 907 /* 908 * Make a volume label. 909 */ 910 static void 911 mklabel(u_int8_t *dest, const char *src) 912 { 913 int c, i; 914 915 for (i = 0; i < 11; i++) { 916 c = *src ? toupper(*src++) : ' '; 917 *dest++ = !i && c == '\xe5' ? 5 : c; 918 } 919 } 920 921 /* 922 * Copy string, padding with spaces. 923 */ 924 static void 925 setstr(u_int8_t *dest, const char *src, size_t len) 926 { 927 while (len--) 928 *dest++ = *src ? *src++ : ' '; 929 } 930 931 /* 932 * Print usage message. 933 */ 934 static void 935 usage(void) 936 { 937 fprintf(stderr, 938 "Usage: %s [ -options ] special [disktype]\n", getprogname()); 939 fprintf(stderr, "where the options are:\n"); 940 fprintf(stderr, "\t-N don't create file system: " 941 "just print out parameters\n"); 942 fprintf(stderr, "\t-B get bootstrap from file\n"); 943 fprintf(stderr, "\t-F FAT type (12, 16, or 32)\n"); 944 fprintf(stderr, "\t-I volume ID\n"); 945 fprintf(stderr, "\t-L volume label\n"); 946 fprintf(stderr, "\t-O OEM string\n"); 947 fprintf(stderr, "\t-S bytes/sector\n"); 948 fprintf(stderr, "\t-a sectors/FAT\n"); 949 fprintf(stderr, "\t-b block size\n"); 950 fprintf(stderr, "\t-c sectors/cluster\n"); 951 fprintf(stderr, "\t-e root directory entries\n"); 952 fprintf(stderr, "\t-f standard format\n"); 953 fprintf(stderr, "\t-h drive heads\n"); 954 fprintf(stderr, "\t-i file system info sector\n"); 955 fprintf(stderr, "\t-k backup boot sector\n"); 956 fprintf(stderr, "\t-m media descriptor\n"); 957 fprintf(stderr, "\t-n number of FATs\n"); 958 fprintf(stderr, "\t-o hidden sectors\n"); 959 fprintf(stderr, "\t-r reserved sectors\n"); 960 fprintf(stderr, "\t-s file system size (sectors)\n"); 961 fprintf(stderr, "\t-u sectors/track\n"); 962 exit(1); 963 } 964
Indexes created Wed Oct 22 00:09:40 GMT 2025