ping.c revision 1.11
1 /* 2 * Copyright (c) 1989, 1993 3 * The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved. 4 * 5 * This code is derived from software contributed to Berkeley by 6 * Mike Muuss. 7 * 8 * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without 9 * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions 10 * are met: 11 * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright 12 * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. 13 * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright 14 * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the 15 * documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution. 16 * 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software 17 * must display the following acknowledgement: 18 * This product includes software developed by the University of 19 * California, Berkeley and its contributors. 20 * 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors 21 * may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software 22 * without specific prior written permission. 23 * 24 * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND 25 * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE 26 * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE 27 * ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE 28 * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL 29 * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS 30 * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) 31 * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT 32 * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY 33 * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF 34 * SUCH DAMAGE. 35 */ 36 37 #ifndef lint 38 static char copyright[] = 39 "@(#) Copyright (c) 1989, 1993\n\ 40 The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved.\n"; 41 #endif /* not lint */ 42 43 #ifndef lint 44 /*static char sccsid[] = "from: @(#)ping.c 8.1 (Berkeley) 6/5/93";*/ 45 static char *rcsid = "$Id: ping.c,v 1.11 1994/10/31 04:34:56 cgd Exp $"; 46 #endif /* not lint */ 47 48 /* 49 * P I N G . C 50 * 51 * Using the InterNet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) "ECHO" facility, 52 * measure round-trip-delays and packet loss across network paths. 53 * 54 * Author - 55 * Mike Muuss 56 * U. S. Army Ballistic Research Laboratory 57 * December, 1983 58 * 59 * Status - 60 * Public Domain. Distribution Unlimited. 61 * Bugs - 62 * More statistics could always be gathered. 63 * This program has to run SUID to ROOT to access the ICMP socket. 64 */ 65 66 #include <sys/param.h> 67 #include <sys/queue.h> 68 #include <sys/socket.h> 69 #include <sys/file.h> 70 #include <sys/time.h> 71 #include <sys/signal.h> 72 73 #include <netinet/in_systm.h> 74 #include <netinet/in.h> 75 #include <netinet/ip.h> 76 #include <netinet/ip_icmp.h> 77 #include <netinet/ip_var.h> 78 #include <netdb.h> 79 #include <unistd.h> 80 #include <stdio.h> 81 #include <ctype.h> 82 #include <errno.h> 83 #include <string.h> 84 85 #define DEFDATALEN (64 - 8) /* default data length */ 86 #define MAXIPLEN 60 87 #define MAXICMPLEN 76 88 #define MAXPACKET (65536 - 60 - 8)/* max packet size */ 89 #define MAXWAIT 10 /* max seconds to wait for response */ 90 #define NROUTES 9 /* number of record route slots */ 91 92 #define A(bit) rcvd_tbl[(bit)>>3] /* identify byte in array */ 93 #define B(bit) (1 << ((bit) & 0x07)) /* identify bit in byte */ 94 #define SET(bit) (A(bit) |= B(bit)) 95 #define CLR(bit) (A(bit) &= (~B(bit))) 96 #define TST(bit) (A(bit) & B(bit)) 97 98 /* various options */ 99 int options; 100 #define F_FLOOD 0x001 101 #define F_INTERVAL 0x002 102 #define F_NUMERIC 0x004 103 #define F_PINGFILLED 0x008 104 #define F_QUIET 0x010 105 #define F_RROUTE 0x020 106 #define F_SO_DEBUG 0x040 107 #define F_SO_DONTROUTE 0x080 108 #define F_VERBOSE 0x100 109 110 /* multicast options */ 111 int moptions; 112 #define MULTICAST_NOLOOP 0x001 113 #define MULTICAST_TTL 0x002 114 #define MULTICAST_IF 0x004 115 116 /* 117 * MAX_DUP_CHK is the number of bits in received table, i.e. the maximum 118 * number of received sequence numbers we can keep track of. Change 128 119 * to 8192 for complete accuracy... 120 */ 121 #define MAX_DUP_CHK (8 * 128) 122 int mx_dup_ck = MAX_DUP_CHK; 123 char rcvd_tbl[MAX_DUP_CHK / 8]; 124 125 struct sockaddr whereto; /* who to ping */ 126 int datalen = DEFDATALEN; 127 int s; /* socket file descriptor */ 128 u_char outpack[MAXPACKET]; 129 char BSPACE = '\b'; /* characters written for flood */ 130 char DOT = '.'; 131 char *hostname; 132 int ident; /* process id to identify our packets */ 133 134 /* counters */ 135 long npackets; /* max packets to transmit */ 136 long nreceived; /* # of packets we got back */ 137 long nrepeats; /* number of duplicates */ 138 long ntransmitted; /* sequence # for outbound packets = #sent */ 139 int interval = 1; /* interval between packets */ 140 141 /* timing */ 142 int timing; /* flag to do timing */ 143 double tmin = 999999999.0; /* minimum round trip time */ 144 double tmax = 0.0; /* maximum round trip time */ 145 double tsum = 0.0; /* sum of all times, for doing average */ 146 147 char *pr_addr(); 148 void catcher(), finish(); 149 150 main(argc, argv) 151 int argc; 152 char **argv; 153 { 154 extern int errno, optind; 155 extern char *optarg; 156 struct timeval timeout; 157 struct hostent *hp; 158 struct sockaddr_in *to; 159 struct protoent *proto; 160 struct in_addr ifaddr; 161 register int i; 162 int ch, fdmask, hold, packlen, preload; 163 u_char *datap, *packet; 164 char *target, hnamebuf[MAXHOSTNAMELEN], *malloc(); 165 u_char ttl, loop = 1; 166 #ifdef IP_OPTIONS 167 char rspace[3 + 4 * NROUTES + 1]; /* record route space */ 168 #endif 169 170 preload = 0; 171 datap = &outpack[8 + sizeof(struct timeval)]; 172 while ((ch = getopt(argc, argv, "I:LRc:dfh:i:l:np:qrs:t:v")) != EOF) 173 switch(ch) { 174 case 'c': 175 npackets = atoi(optarg); 176 if (npackets <= 0) 177 errx(1, "bad number of packets to transmit: %s", 178 optarg); 179 break; 180 case 'd': 181 options |= F_SO_DEBUG; 182 break; 183 case 'f': 184 if (getuid()) 185 errx(1, "%s", strerror(EPERM)); 186 options |= F_FLOOD; 187 setbuf(stdout, (char *)NULL); 188 break; 189 case 'I': 190 if (inet_aton(optarg, &ifaddr) == 0) 191 errx(1, "bad interface address: %s", optarg); 192 moptions |= MULTICAST_IF; 193 break; 194 case 'i': /* wait between sending packets */ 195 interval = atoi(optarg); 196 if (interval <= 0) 197 errx(1, "bad timing interval: %s", optarg); 198 options |= F_INTERVAL; 199 break; 200 case 'L': 201 moptions |= MULTICAST_NOLOOP; 202 loop = 0; 203 break; 204 case 'l': 205 preload = atoi(optarg); 206 if (preload < 0) 207 errx(1, "bad preload value: %s", optarg); 208 break; 209 case 'n': 210 options |= F_NUMERIC; 211 break; 212 case 'p': /* fill buffer with user pattern */ 213 options |= F_PINGFILLED; 214 fill((char *)datap, optarg); 215 break; 216 case 'q': 217 options |= F_QUIET; 218 break; 219 case 'R': 220 options |= F_RROUTE; 221 break; 222 case 'r': 223 options |= F_SO_DONTROUTE; 224 break; 225 case 's': /* size of packet to send */ 226 datalen = atoi(optarg); 227 if (datalen <= 0) 228 errx(1, "bad packet size: %s", optarg); 229 if (datalen > MAXPACKET) 230 errx(1, "packet size too large: %s", optarg); 231 break; 232 case 't': 233 ttl = atoi(optarg); 234 if (ttl <= 0) 235 errx(1, "bad ttl value: %s", optarg); 236 if (ttl > 255) 237 errx(1, "ttl value too large: %s", optarg); 238 break; 239 case 'v': 240 options |= F_VERBOSE; 241 break; 242 default: 243 usage(); 244 } 245 argc -= optind; 246 argv += optind; 247 248 if (argc != 1) 249 usage(); 250 target = *argv; 251 252 memset(&whereto, 0, sizeof(struct sockaddr)); 253 to = (struct sockaddr_in *)&whereto; 254 to->sin_family = AF_INET; 255 to->sin_addr.s_addr = inet_addr(target); 256 if (to->sin_addr.s_addr != (u_int)-1) 257 hostname = target; 258 else { 259 hp = gethostbyname(target); 260 if (!hp) 261 errx(1, "unknown host: %s", target); 262 to->sin_family = hp->h_addrtype; 263 memcpy(&to->sin_addr, hp->h_addr, hp->h_length); 264 (void)strncpy(hnamebuf, hp->h_name, sizeof(hnamebuf) - 1); 265 hostname = hnamebuf; 266 } 267 268 if (options & F_FLOOD && options & F_INTERVAL) 269 errx(1, "-f and -i options are incompatible"); 270 271 if (datalen >= sizeof(struct timeval)) /* can we time transfer */ 272 timing = 1; 273 packlen = datalen + MAXIPLEN + MAXICMPLEN; 274 if (!(packet = (u_char *)malloc((u_int)packlen))) 275 err(1, "malloc"); 276 if (!(options & F_PINGFILLED)) 277 for (i = 8; i < datalen; ++i) 278 *datap++ = i; 279 280 ident = getpid() & 0xFFFF; 281 282 if (!(proto = getprotobyname("icmp"))) 283 errx(1, "unknown protocol icmp"); 284 if ((s = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_RAW, proto->p_proto)) < 0) 285 err(1, "socket"); 286 hold = 1; 287 if (options & F_SO_DEBUG) 288 (void)setsockopt(s, SOL_SOCKET, SO_DEBUG, (char *)&hold, 289 sizeof(hold)); 290 if (options & F_SO_DONTROUTE) 291 (void)setsockopt(s, SOL_SOCKET, SO_DONTROUTE, (char *)&hold, 292 sizeof(hold)); 293 294 /* record route option */ 295 if (options & F_RROUTE) { 296 #ifdef IP_OPTIONS 297 rspace[IPOPT_OPTVAL] = IPOPT_RR; 298 rspace[IPOPT_OLEN] = sizeof(rspace)-1; 299 rspace[IPOPT_OFFSET] = IPOPT_MINOFF; 300 if (setsockopt(s, IPPROTO_IP, IP_OPTIONS, rspace, 301 sizeof(rspace)) < 0) { 302 perror("ping: record route"); 303 exit(1); 304 } 305 #else 306 errx(1, "record route not available in this implementation"); 307 #endif /* IP_OPTIONS */ 308 } 309 310 if ((moptions & MULTICAST_NOLOOP) && 311 setsockopt(s, IPPROTO_IP, IP_MULTICAST_LOOP, &loop, 312 sizeof(loop)) < 0) 313 err(1, "setsockopt IP_MULTICAST_LOOP"); 314 if ((moptions & MULTICAST_TTL) && 315 setsockopt(s, IPPROTO_IP, IP_MULTICAST_TTL, &ttl, 316 sizeof(ttl)) < 0) 317 err(1, "setsockopt IP_MULTICAST_TTL"); 318 if ((moptions & MULTICAST_IF) && 319 setsockopt(s, IPPROTO_IP, IP_MULTICAST_IF, &ifaddr, 320 sizeof(ifaddr)) < 0) 321 err(1, "setsockopt IP_MULTICAST_IF"); 322 323 /* 324 * When pinging the broadcast address, you can get a lot of answers. 325 * Doing something so evil is useful if you are trying to stress the 326 * ethernet, or just want to fill the arp cache to get some stuff for 327 * /etc/ethers. 328 */ 329 hold = 48 * 1024; 330 (void)setsockopt(s, SOL_SOCKET, SO_RCVBUF, (char *)&hold, 331 sizeof(hold)); 332 333 if (to->sin_family == AF_INET) 334 (void)printf("PING %s (%s): %d data bytes\n", hostname, 335 inet_ntoa(*(struct in_addr *)&to->sin_addr.s_addr), 336 datalen); 337 else 338 (void)printf("PING %s: %d data bytes\n", hostname, datalen); 339 340 (void)signal(SIGINT, finish); 341 (void)signal(SIGALRM, catcher); 342 343 while (preload--) /* fire off them quickies */ 344 pinger(); 345 346 if ((options & F_FLOOD) == 0) 347 catcher(); /* start things going */ 348 349 for (;;) { 350 struct sockaddr_in from; 351 register int cc; 352 int fromlen; 353 354 if (options & F_FLOOD) { 355 pinger(); 356 timeout.tv_sec = 0; 357 timeout.tv_usec = 10000; 358 fdmask = 1 << s; 359 if (select(s + 1, (fd_set *)&fdmask, (fd_set *)NULL, 360 (fd_set *)NULL, &timeout) < 1) 361 continue; 362 } 363 fromlen = sizeof(from); 364 if ((cc = recvfrom(s, (char *)packet, packlen, 0, 365 (struct sockaddr *)&from, &fromlen)) < 0) { 366 if (errno == EINTR) 367 continue; 368 perror("ping: recvfrom"); 369 continue; 370 } 371 pr_pack((char *)packet, cc, &from); 372 if (npackets && nreceived >= npackets) 373 break; 374 } 375 finish(); 376 /* NOTREACHED */ 377 } 378 379 /* 380 * catcher -- 381 * This routine causes another PING to be transmitted, and then 382 * schedules another SIGALRM for 1 second from now. 383 * 384 * bug -- 385 * Our sense of time will slowly skew (i.e., packets will not be 386 * launched exactly at 1-second intervals). This does not affect the 387 * quality of the delay and loss statistics. 388 */ 389 void 390 catcher() 391 { 392 int waittime; 393 394 pinger(); 395 (void)signal(SIGALRM, catcher); 396 if (!npackets || ntransmitted < npackets) 397 alarm((u_int)interval); 398 else { 399 if (nreceived) { 400 waittime = 2 * tmax / 1000; 401 if (!waittime) 402 waittime = 1; 403 } else 404 waittime = MAXWAIT; 405 (void)signal(SIGALRM, finish); 406 (void)alarm((u_int)waittime); 407 } 408 } 409 410 /* 411 * pinger -- 412 * Compose and transmit an ICMP ECHO REQUEST packet. The IP packet 413 * will be added on by the kernel. The ID field is our UNIX process ID, 414 * and the sequence number is an ascending integer. The first 8 bytes 415 * of the data portion are used to hold a UNIX "timeval" struct in VAX 416 * byte-order, to compute the round-trip time. 417 */ 418 pinger() 419 { 420 register struct icmp *icp; 421 register int cc; 422 int i; 423 424 icp = (struct icmp *)outpack; 425 icp->icmp_type = ICMP_ECHO; 426 icp->icmp_code = 0; 427 icp->icmp_cksum = 0; 428 icp->icmp_seq = ntransmitted++; 429 icp->icmp_id = ident; /* ID */ 430 431 CLR(icp->icmp_seq % mx_dup_ck); 432 433 if (timing) 434 (void)gettimeofday((struct timeval *)&outpack[8], 435 (struct timezone *)NULL); 436 437 cc = datalen + 8; /* skips ICMP portion */ 438 439 /* compute ICMP checksum here */ 440 icp->icmp_cksum = in_cksum((u_short *)icp, cc); 441 442 i = sendto(s, (char *)outpack, cc, 0, &whereto, 443 sizeof(struct sockaddr)); 444 445 if (i < 0 || i != cc) { 446 if (i < 0) 447 perror("ping: sendto"); 448 (void)printf("ping: wrote %s %d chars, ret=%d\n", 449 hostname, cc, i); 450 } 451 if (!(options & F_QUIET) && options & F_FLOOD) 452 (void)write(STDOUT_FILENO, &DOT, 1); 453 } 454 455 /* 456 * pr_pack -- 457 * Print out the packet, if it came from us. This logic is necessary 458 * because ALL readers of the ICMP socket get a copy of ALL ICMP packets 459 * which arrive ('tis only fair). This permits multiple copies of this 460 * program to be run without having intermingled output (or statistics!). 461 */ 462 pr_pack(buf, cc, from) 463 char *buf; 464 int cc; 465 struct sockaddr_in *from; 466 { 467 register struct icmp *icp; 468 register u_long l; 469 register int i, j; 470 register u_char *cp,*dp; 471 static int old_rrlen; 472 static char old_rr[MAX_IPOPTLEN]; 473 struct ip *ip; 474 struct timeval tv, *tp; 475 double triptime; 476 int hlen, dupflag; 477 478 (void)gettimeofday(&tv, (struct timezone *)NULL); 479 480 /* Check the IP header */ 481 ip = (struct ip *)buf; 482 hlen = ip->ip_hl << 2; 483 if (cc < hlen + ICMP_MINLEN) { 484 if (options & F_VERBOSE) 485 warnx("packet too short (%d bytes) from %s", cc, 486 inet_ntoa(*(struct in_addr *)&from->sin_addr.s_addr)); 487 return; 488 } 489 490 /* Now the ICMP part */ 491 cc -= hlen; 492 icp = (struct icmp *)(buf + hlen); 493 if (icp->icmp_type == ICMP_ECHOREPLY) { 494 if (icp->icmp_id != ident) 495 return; /* 'Twas not our ECHO */ 496 ++nreceived; 497 if (timing) { 498 #ifndef icmp_data 499 tp = (struct timeval *)&icp->icmp_ip; 500 #else 501 tp = (struct timeval *)icp->icmp_data; 502 #endif 503 tvsub(&tv, tp); 504 triptime = ((double)tv.tv_sec) * 1000.0 + 505 ((double)tv.tv_usec) / 1000.0; 506 tsum += triptime; 507 if (triptime < tmin) 508 tmin = triptime; 509 if (triptime > tmax) 510 tmax = triptime; 511 } 512 513 if (TST(icp->icmp_seq % mx_dup_ck)) { 514 ++nrepeats; 515 --nreceived; 516 dupflag = 1; 517 } else { 518 SET(icp->icmp_seq % mx_dup_ck); 519 dupflag = 0; 520 } 521 522 if (options & F_QUIET) 523 return; 524 525 if (options & F_FLOOD) 526 (void)write(STDOUT_FILENO, &BSPACE, 1); 527 else { 528 (void)printf("%d bytes from %s: icmp_seq=%u", cc, 529 inet_ntoa(*(struct in_addr *)&from->sin_addr.s_addr), 530 icp->icmp_seq); 531 (void)printf(" ttl=%d", ip->ip_ttl); 532 if (timing) 533 (void)printf(" time=%.3f ms", triptime); 534 if (dupflag) 535 (void)printf(" (DUP!)"); 536 /* check the data */ 537 cp = (u_char*)&icp->icmp_data[8]; 538 dp = &outpack[8 + sizeof(struct timeval)]; 539 for (i = 8; i < datalen; ++i, ++cp, ++dp) { 540 if (*cp != *dp) { 541 (void)printf("\nwrong data byte #%d should be 0x%x but was 0x%x", 542 i, *dp, *cp); 543 cp = (u_char*)&icp->icmp_data[0]; 544 for (i = 8; i < datalen; ++i, ++cp) { 545 if ((i % 32) == 8) 546 (void)printf("\n\t"); 547 (void)printf("%x ", *cp); 548 } 549 break; 550 } 551 } 552 } 553 } else { 554 /* We've got something other than an ECHOREPLY */ 555 if (!(options & F_VERBOSE)) 556 return; 557 (void)printf("%d bytes from %s: ", cc, 558 pr_addr(from->sin_addr.s_addr)); 559 pr_icmph(icp); 560 } 561 562 /* Display any IP options */ 563 cp = (u_char *)buf + sizeof(struct ip); 564 565 for (; hlen > (int)sizeof(struct ip); --hlen, ++cp) 566 switch (*cp) { 567 case IPOPT_EOL: 568 hlen = 0; 569 break; 570 case IPOPT_LSRR: 571 (void)printf("\nLSRR: "); 572 hlen -= 2; 573 j = *++cp; 574 ++cp; 575 if (j > IPOPT_MINOFF) 576 for (;;) { 577 l = *++cp; 578 l = (l<<8) + *++cp; 579 l = (l<<8) + *++cp; 580 l = (l<<8) + *++cp; 581 if (l == 0) 582 (void)printf("\t0.0.0.0"); 583 else 584 (void)printf("\t%s", pr_addr(ntohl(l))); 585 hlen -= 4; 586 j -= 4; 587 if (j <= IPOPT_MINOFF) 588 break; 589 (void)putchar('\n'); 590 } 591 break; 592 case IPOPT_RR: 593 j = *++cp; /* get length */ 594 i = *++cp; /* and pointer */ 595 hlen -= 2; 596 if (i > j) 597 i = j; 598 i -= IPOPT_MINOFF; 599 if (i <= 0) 600 continue; 601 if (i == old_rrlen 602 && cp == (u_char *)buf + sizeof(struct ip) + 2 603 && !memcmp(cp, old_rr, i) 604 && !(options & F_FLOOD)) { 605 (void)printf("\t(same route)"); 606 i = ((i + 3) / 4) * 4; 607 hlen -= i; 608 cp += i; 609 break; 610 } 611 old_rrlen = i; 612 memcpy(old_rr, cp, i); 613 (void)printf("\nRR: "); 614 for (;;) { 615 l = *++cp; 616 l = (l<<8) + *++cp; 617 l = (l<<8) + *++cp; 618 l = (l<<8) + *++cp; 619 if (l == 0) 620 (void)printf("\t0.0.0.0"); 621 else 622 (void)printf("\t%s", pr_addr(ntohl(l))); 623 hlen -= 4; 624 i -= 4; 625 if (i <= 0) 626 break; 627 (void)putchar('\n'); 628 } 629 break; 630 case IPOPT_NOP: 631 (void)printf("\nNOP"); 632 break; 633 default: 634 (void)printf("\nunknown option %x", *cp); 635 break; 636 } 637 if (!(options & F_FLOOD)) { 638 (void)putchar('\n'); 639 (void)fflush(stdout); 640 } 641 } 642 643 /* 644 * in_cksum -- 645 * Checksum routine for Internet Protocol family headers (C Version) 646 */ 647 in_cksum(addr, len) 648 u_short *addr; 649 int len; 650 { 651 register int nleft = len; 652 register u_short *w = addr; 653 register int sum = 0; 654 u_short answer = 0; 655 656 /* 657 * Our algorithm is simple, using a 32 bit accumulator (sum), we add 658 * sequential 16 bit words to it, and at the end, fold back all the 659 * carry bits from the top 16 bits into the lower 16 bits. 660 */ 661 while (nleft > 1) { 662 sum += *w++; 663 nleft -= 2; 664 } 665 666 /* mop up an odd byte, if necessary */ 667 if (nleft == 1) { 668 *(u_char *)(&answer) = *(u_char *)w ; 669 sum += answer; 670 } 671 672 /* add back carry outs from top 16 bits to low 16 bits */ 673 sum = (sum >> 16) + (sum & 0xffff); /* add hi 16 to low 16 */ 674 sum += (sum >> 16); /* add carry */ 675 answer = ~sum; /* truncate to 16 bits */ 676 return(answer); 677 } 678 679 /* 680 * tvsub -- 681 * Subtract 2 timeval structs: out = out - in. Out is assumed to 682 * be >= in. 683 */ 684 tvsub(out, in) 685 register struct timeval *out, *in; 686 { 687 if ((out->tv_usec -= in->tv_usec) < 0) { 688 --out->tv_sec; 689 out->tv_usec += 1000000; 690 } 691 out->tv_sec -= in->tv_sec; 692 } 693 694 /* 695 * finish -- 696 * Print out statistics, and give up. 697 */ 698 void 699 finish() 700 { 701 register int i; 702 703 (void)signal(SIGINT, SIG_IGN); 704 (void)putchar('\n'); 705 (void)fflush(stdout); 706 (void)printf("--- %s ping statistics ---\n", hostname); 707 (void)printf("%ld packets transmitted, ", ntransmitted); 708 (void)printf("%ld packets received, ", nreceived); 709 if (nrepeats) 710 (void)printf("+%ld duplicates, ", nrepeats); 711 if (ntransmitted) 712 if (nreceived > ntransmitted) 713 (void)printf("-- somebody's printing up packets!"); 714 else 715 (void)printf("%d%% packet loss", 716 (int) (((ntransmitted - nreceived) * 100) / 717 ntransmitted)); 718 (void)putchar('\n'); 719 if (nreceived && timing) { 720 /* Only display average to microseconds */ 721 i = 1000.0 * tsum / (nreceived + nrepeats); 722 (void)printf("round-trip min/avg/max = %.3f/%.3f/%.3f ms\n", 723 tmin, ((double)i) / 1000.0, tmax); 724 } 725 exit(0); 726 } 727 728 #ifdef notdef 729 static char *ttab[] = { 730 "Echo Reply", /* ip + seq + udata */ 731 "Dest Unreachable", /* net, host, proto, port, frag, sr + IP */ 732 "Source Quench", /* IP */ 733 "Redirect", /* redirect type, gateway, + IP */ 734 "Echo", 735 "Time Exceeded", /* transit, frag reassem + IP */ 736 "Parameter Problem", /* pointer + IP */ 737 "Timestamp", /* id + seq + three timestamps */ 738 "Timestamp Reply", /* " */ 739 "Info Request", /* id + sq */ 740 "Info Reply" /* " */ 741 }; 742 #endif 743 744 /* 745 * pr_icmph -- 746 * Print a descriptive string about an ICMP header. 747 */ 748 pr_icmph(icp) 749 struct icmp *icp; 750 { 751 switch(icp->icmp_type) { 752 case ICMP_ECHOREPLY: 753 (void)printf("Echo Reply\n"); 754 /* XXX ID + Seq + Data */ 755 break; 756 case ICMP_UNREACH: 757 switch(icp->icmp_code) { 758 case ICMP_UNREACH_NET: 759 (void)printf("Destination Net Unreachable\n"); 760 break; 761 case ICMP_UNREACH_HOST: 762 (void)printf("Destination Host Unreachable\n"); 763 break; 764 case ICMP_UNREACH_PROTOCOL: 765 (void)printf("Destination Protocol Unreachable\n"); 766 break; 767 case ICMP_UNREACH_PORT: 768 (void)printf("Destination Port Unreachable\n"); 769 break; 770 case ICMP_UNREACH_NEEDFRAG: 771 (void)printf("frag needed and DF set\n"); 772 break; 773 case ICMP_UNREACH_SRCFAIL: 774 (void)printf("Source Route Failed\n"); 775 break; 776 default: 777 (void)printf("Dest Unreachable, Bad Code: %d\n", 778 icp->icmp_code); 779 break; 780 } 781 /* Print returned IP header information */ 782 #ifndef icmp_data 783 pr_retip(&icp->icmp_ip); 784 #else 785 pr_retip((struct ip *)icp->icmp_data); 786 #endif 787 break; 788 case ICMP_SOURCEQUENCH: 789 (void)printf("Source Quench\n"); 790 #ifndef icmp_data 791 pr_retip(&icp->icmp_ip); 792 #else 793 pr_retip((struct ip *)icp->icmp_data); 794 #endif 795 break; 796 case ICMP_REDIRECT: 797 switch(icp->icmp_code) { 798 case ICMP_REDIRECT_NET: 799 (void)printf("Redirect Network"); 800 break; 801 case ICMP_REDIRECT_HOST: 802 (void)printf("Redirect Host"); 803 break; 804 case ICMP_REDIRECT_TOSNET: 805 (void)printf("Redirect Type of Service and Network"); 806 break; 807 case ICMP_REDIRECT_TOSHOST: 808 (void)printf("Redirect Type of Service and Host"); 809 break; 810 default: 811 (void)printf("Redirect, Bad Code: %d", icp->icmp_code); 812 break; 813 } 814 (void)printf("(New addr: 0x%08lx)\n", icp->icmp_gwaddr.s_addr); 815 #ifndef icmp_data 816 pr_retip(&icp->icmp_ip); 817 #else 818 pr_retip((struct ip *)icp->icmp_data); 819 #endif 820 break; 821 case ICMP_ECHO: 822 (void)printf("Echo Request\n"); 823 /* XXX ID + Seq + Data */ 824 break; 825 case ICMP_TIMXCEED: 826 switch(icp->icmp_code) { 827 case ICMP_TIMXCEED_INTRANS: 828 (void)printf("Time to live exceeded\n"); 829 break; 830 case ICMP_TIMXCEED_REASS: 831 (void)printf("Frag reassembly time exceeded\n"); 832 break; 833 default: 834 (void)printf("Time exceeded, Bad Code: %d\n", 835 icp->icmp_code); 836 break; 837 } 838 #ifndef icmp_data 839 pr_retip(&icp->icmp_ip); 840 #else 841 pr_retip((struct ip *)icp->icmp_data); 842 #endif 843 break; 844 case ICMP_PARAMPROB: 845 (void)printf("Parameter problem: pointer = 0x%02x\n", 846 icp->icmp_hun.ih_pptr); 847 #ifndef icmp_data 848 pr_retip(&icp->icmp_ip); 849 #else 850 pr_retip((struct ip *)icp->icmp_data); 851 #endif 852 break; 853 case ICMP_TSTAMP: 854 (void)printf("Timestamp\n"); 855 /* XXX ID + Seq + 3 timestamps */ 856 break; 857 case ICMP_TSTAMPREPLY: 858 (void)printf("Timestamp Reply\n"); 859 /* XXX ID + Seq + 3 timestamps */ 860 break; 861 case ICMP_IREQ: 862 (void)printf("Information Request\n"); 863 /* XXX ID + Seq */ 864 break; 865 case ICMP_IREQREPLY: 866 (void)printf("Information Reply\n"); 867 /* XXX ID + Seq */ 868 break; 869 #ifdef ICMP_MASKREQ 870 case ICMP_MASKREQ: 871 (void)printf("Address Mask Request\n"); 872 break; 873 #endif 874 #ifdef ICMP_MASKREPLY 875 case ICMP_MASKREPLY: 876 (void)printf("Address Mask Reply\n"); 877 break; 878 #endif 879 default: 880 (void)printf("Bad ICMP type: %d\n", icp->icmp_type); 881 } 882 } 883 884 /* 885 * pr_iph -- 886 * Print an IP header with options. 887 */ 888 pr_iph(ip) 889 struct ip *ip; 890 { 891 int hlen; 892 u_char *cp; 893 894 hlen = ip->ip_hl << 2; 895 cp = (u_char *)ip + 20; /* point to options */ 896 897 (void)printf("Vr HL TOS Len ID Flg off TTL Pro cks Src Dst Data\n"); 898 (void)printf(" %1x %1x %02x %04x %04x", 899 ip->ip_v, ip->ip_hl, ip->ip_tos, ip->ip_len, ip->ip_id); 900 (void)printf(" %1x %04x", ((ip->ip_off) & 0xe000) >> 13, 901 (ip->ip_off) & 0x1fff); 902 (void)printf(" %02x %02x %04x", ip->ip_ttl, ip->ip_p, ip->ip_sum); 903 (void)printf(" %s ", inet_ntoa(*(struct in_addr *)&ip->ip_src.s_addr)); 904 (void)printf(" %s ", inet_ntoa(*(struct in_addr *)&ip->ip_dst.s_addr)); 905 /* dump and option bytes */ 906 while (hlen-- > 20) { 907 (void)printf("%02x", *cp++); 908 } 909 (void)putchar('\n'); 910 } 911 912 /* 913 * pr_addr -- 914 * Return an ascii host address as a dotted quad and optionally with 915 * a hostname. 916 */ 917 char * 918 pr_addr(l) 919 u_long l; 920 { 921 struct hostent *hp; 922 static char buf[80]; 923 924 if ((options & F_NUMERIC) || 925 !(hp = gethostbyaddr((char *)&l, 4, AF_INET))) 926 (void)sprintf(buf, "%s", inet_ntoa(*(struct in_addr *)&l)); 927 else 928 (void)sprintf(buf, "%s (%s)", hp->h_name, 929 inet_ntoa(*(struct in_addr *)&l)); 930 return(buf); 931 } 932 933 /* 934 * pr_retip -- 935 * Dump some info on a returned (via ICMP) IP packet. 936 */ 937 pr_retip(ip) 938 struct ip *ip; 939 { 940 int hlen; 941 u_char *cp; 942 943 pr_iph(ip); 944 hlen = ip->ip_hl << 2; 945 cp = (u_char *)ip + hlen; 946 947 if (ip->ip_p == 6) 948 (void)printf("TCP: from port %u, to port %u (decimal)\n", 949 (*cp * 256 + *(cp + 1)), (*(cp + 2) * 256 + *(cp + 3))); 950 else if (ip->ip_p == 17) 951 (void)printf("UDP: from port %u, to port %u (decimal)\n", 952 (*cp * 256 + *(cp + 1)), (*(cp + 2) * 256 + *(cp + 3))); 953 } 954 955 fill(bp, patp) 956 char *bp, *patp; 957 { 958 register int ii, jj, kk; 959 int pat[16]; 960 char *cp; 961 962 for (cp = patp; *cp; cp++) 963 if (!isxdigit(*cp)) 964 errx(1, "patterns must be specified as hex digits"); 965 ii = sscanf(patp, 966 "%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x", 967 &pat[0], &pat[1], &pat[2], &pat[3], &pat[4], &pat[5], &pat[6], 968 &pat[7], &pat[8], &pat[9], &pat[10], &pat[11], &pat[12], 969 &pat[13], &pat[14], &pat[15]); 970 971 if (ii > 0) 972 for (kk = 0; 973 kk <= MAXPACKET - (8 + sizeof(struct timeval) + ii); 974 kk += ii) 975 for (jj = 0; jj < ii; ++jj) 976 bp[jj + kk] = pat[jj]; 977 if (!(options & F_QUIET)) { 978 (void)printf("PATTERN: 0x"); 979 for (jj = 0; jj < ii; ++jj) 980 (void)printf("%02x", bp[jj] & 0xFF); 981 (void)printf("\n"); 982 } 983 } 984 985 usage() 986 { 987 (void)fprintf(stderr, 988 "usage: ping [-dfLnqRrv] [-c count] [-I ifaddr] [-i wait] [-l preload]\n\t[-p pattern] [-s packetsize] [-t ttl] host\n"); 989 exit(1); 990 } 991
Indexes created Tue Sep 30 20:09:53 GMT 2025