ping.c revision 1.15
1 /* $NetBSD: ping.c,v 1.15 1995/04/22 15:27:08 cgd Exp $ */ 2 3 /* 4 * Copyright (c) 1989, 1993 5 * The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved. 6 * 7 * This code is derived from software contributed to Berkeley by 8 * Mike Muuss. 9 * 10 * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without 11 * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions 12 * are met: 13 * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright 14 * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. 15 * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright 16 * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the 17 * documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution. 18 * 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software 19 * must display the following acknowledgement: 20 * This product includes software developed by the University of 21 * California, Berkeley and its contributors. 22 * 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors 23 * may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software 24 * without specific prior written permission. 25 * 26 * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND 27 * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE 28 * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE 29 * ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE 30 * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL 31 * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS 32 * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) 33 * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT 34 * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY 35 * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF 36 * SUCH DAMAGE. 37 */ 38 39 #ifndef lint 40 static char copyright[] = 41 "@(#) Copyright (c) 1989, 1993\n\ 42 The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved.\n"; 43 #endif /* not lint */ 44 45 #ifndef lint 46 #if 0 47 static char sccsid[] = "@(#)ping.c 8.1 (Berkeley) 6/5/93"; 48 #else 49 static char rcsid[] = "$NetBSD: ping.c,v 1.15 1995/04/22 15:27:08 cgd Exp $"; 50 #endif 51 #endif /* not lint */ 52 53 /* 54 * P I N G . C 55 * 56 * Using the InterNet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) "ECHO" facility, 57 * measure round-trip-delays and packet loss across network paths. 58 * 59 * Author - 60 * Mike Muuss 61 * U. S. Army Ballistic Research Laboratory 62 * December, 1983 63 * 64 * Status - 65 * Public Domain. Distribution Unlimited. 66 * Bugs - 67 * More statistics could always be gathered. 68 * This program has to run SUID to ROOT to access the ICMP socket. 69 */ 70 71 #include <sys/param.h> 72 #include <sys/queue.h> 73 #include <sys/socket.h> 74 #include <sys/file.h> 75 #include <sys/time.h> 76 #include <sys/signal.h> 77 78 #include <netinet/in_systm.h> 79 #include <netinet/in.h> 80 #include <netinet/ip.h> 81 #include <netinet/ip_icmp.h> 82 #include <netinet/ip_var.h> 83 #include <arpa/inet.h> 84 #include <netdb.h> 85 #include <unistd.h> 86 #include <stdio.h> 87 #include <ctype.h> 88 #include <err.h> 89 #include <errno.h> 90 #include <string.h> 91 #include <stdlib.h> 92 93 #define DEFDATALEN (64 - 8) /* default data length */ 94 #define MAXIPLEN 60 95 #define MAXICMPLEN 76 96 #define MAXPACKET (65536 - 60 - 8)/* max packet size */ 97 #define MAXWAIT 10 /* max seconds to wait for response */ 98 #define NROUTES 9 /* number of record route slots */ 99 100 #define A(bit) rcvd_tbl[(bit)>>3] /* identify byte in array */ 101 #define B(bit) (1 << ((bit) & 0x07)) /* identify bit in byte */ 102 #define SET(bit) (A(bit) |= B(bit)) 103 #define CLR(bit) (A(bit) &= (~B(bit))) 104 #define TST(bit) (A(bit) & B(bit)) 105 106 /* various options */ 107 int options; 108 #define F_FLOOD 0x001 109 #define F_INTERVAL 0x002 110 #define F_NUMERIC 0x004 111 #define F_PINGFILLED 0x008 112 #define F_QUIET 0x010 113 #define F_RROUTE 0x020 114 #define F_SO_DEBUG 0x040 115 #define F_SO_DONTROUTE 0x080 116 #define F_VERBOSE 0x100 117 118 /* multicast options */ 119 int moptions; 120 #define MULTICAST_NOLOOP 0x001 121 #define MULTICAST_TTL 0x002 122 #define MULTICAST_IF 0x004 123 124 /* 125 * MAX_DUP_CHK is the number of bits in received table, i.e. the maximum 126 * number of received sequence numbers we can keep track of. Change 128 127 * to 8192 for complete accuracy... 128 */ 129 #define MAX_DUP_CHK (8 * 128) 130 int mx_dup_ck = MAX_DUP_CHK; 131 char rcvd_tbl[MAX_DUP_CHK / 8]; 132 133 struct sockaddr whereto; /* who to ping */ 134 int datalen = DEFDATALEN; 135 int s; /* socket file descriptor */ 136 u_char outpack[MAXPACKET]; 137 char BSPACE = '\b'; /* characters written for flood */ 138 char DOT = '.'; 139 char *hostname; 140 int ident; /* process id to identify our packets */ 141 142 /* counters */ 143 long npackets; /* max packets to transmit */ 144 long nreceived; /* # of packets we got back */ 145 long nrepeats; /* number of duplicates */ 146 long ntransmitted; /* sequence # for outbound packets = #sent */ 147 int interval = 1; /* interval between packets */ 148 149 /* timing */ 150 int timing; /* flag to do timing */ 151 double tmin = 999999999.0; /* minimum round trip time */ 152 double tmax = 0.0; /* maximum round trip time */ 153 double tsum = 0.0; /* sum of all times, for doing average */ 154 155 void fill __P((char *, char *)); 156 void catcher(), finish(); 157 int in_cksum __P((u_short *, int)); 158 void pinger(); 159 char *pr_addr __P((u_long)); 160 void pr_icmph __P((struct icmp *)); 161 void pr_pack __P((char *, int, struct sockaddr_in *)); 162 void pr_retip __P((struct ip *)); 163 void usage(); 164 165 int 166 main(argc, argv) 167 int argc; 168 char **argv; 169 { 170 extern int errno, optind; 171 extern char *optarg; 172 struct timeval timeout; 173 struct hostent *hp; 174 struct sockaddr_in *to; 175 struct protoent *proto; 176 struct in_addr ifaddr; 177 register int i; 178 int ch, fdmask, hold, packlen, preload; 179 u_char *datap, *packet; 180 char *target, hnamebuf[MAXHOSTNAMELEN]; 181 u_char ttl, loop = 1; 182 #ifdef IP_OPTIONS 183 char rspace[3 + 4 * NROUTES + 1]; /* record route space */ 184 #endif 185 186 preload = 0; 187 datap = &outpack[8 + sizeof(struct timeval)]; 188 while ((ch = getopt(argc, argv, "I:LRc:dfh:i:l:np:qrs:t:v")) != EOF) 189 switch(ch) { 190 case 'c': 191 npackets = atoi(optarg); 192 if (npackets <= 0) 193 errx(1, "bad number of packets to transmit: %s", 194 optarg); 195 break; 196 case 'd': 197 options |= F_SO_DEBUG; 198 break; 199 case 'f': 200 if (getuid()) 201 errx(1, "%s", strerror(EPERM)); 202 options |= F_FLOOD; 203 setbuf(stdout, (char *)NULL); 204 break; 205 case 'I': 206 if (inet_aton(optarg, &ifaddr) == 0) 207 errx(1, "bad interface address: %s", optarg); 208 moptions |= MULTICAST_IF; 209 break; 210 case 'i': /* wait between sending packets */ 211 interval = atoi(optarg); 212 if (interval <= 0) 213 errx(1, "bad timing interval: %s", optarg); 214 options |= F_INTERVAL; 215 break; 216 case 'L': 217 moptions |= MULTICAST_NOLOOP; 218 loop = 0; 219 break; 220 case 'l': 221 preload = atoi(optarg); 222 if (preload < 0) 223 errx(1, "bad preload value: %s", optarg); 224 break; 225 case 'n': 226 options |= F_NUMERIC; 227 break; 228 case 'p': /* fill buffer with user pattern */ 229 options |= F_PINGFILLED; 230 fill((char *)datap, optarg); 231 break; 232 case 'q': 233 options |= F_QUIET; 234 break; 235 case 'R': 236 options |= F_RROUTE; 237 break; 238 case 'r': 239 options |= F_SO_DONTROUTE; 240 break; 241 case 's': /* size of packet to send */ 242 datalen = atoi(optarg); 243 if (datalen <= 0) 244 errx(1, "bad packet size: %s", optarg); 245 if (datalen > MAXPACKET) 246 errx(1, "packet size too large: %s", optarg); 247 break; 248 case 't': 249 ttl = atoi(optarg); 250 if (ttl <= 0) 251 errx(1, "bad ttl value: %s", optarg); 252 if (ttl > 255) 253 errx(1, "ttl value too large: %s", optarg); 254 break; 255 case 'v': 256 options |= F_VERBOSE; 257 break; 258 default: 259 usage(); 260 } 261 argc -= optind; 262 argv += optind; 263 264 if (argc != 1) 265 usage(); 266 target = *argv; 267 268 memset(&whereto, 0, sizeof(struct sockaddr)); 269 to = (struct sockaddr_in *)&whereto; 270 to->sin_family = AF_INET; 271 to->sin_addr.s_addr = inet_addr(target); 272 if (to->sin_addr.s_addr != (u_int)-1) 273 hostname = target; 274 else { 275 hp = gethostbyname(target); 276 if (!hp) 277 errx(1, "unknown host: %s", target); 278 to->sin_family = hp->h_addrtype; 279 memcpy(&to->sin_addr, hp->h_addr, hp->h_length); 280 (void)strncpy(hnamebuf, hp->h_name, sizeof(hnamebuf) - 1); 281 hostname = hnamebuf; 282 } 283 284 if (options & F_FLOOD && options & F_INTERVAL) 285 errx(1, "-f and -i options are incompatible"); 286 287 if (datalen >= sizeof(struct timeval)) /* can we time transfer */ 288 timing = 1; 289 packlen = datalen + MAXIPLEN + MAXICMPLEN; 290 if (!(packet = (u_char *)malloc((u_int)packlen))) 291 err(1, "malloc"); 292 if (!(options & F_PINGFILLED)) 293 for (i = 8; i < datalen; ++i) 294 *datap++ = i; 295 296 ident = getpid() & 0xFFFF; 297 298 if (!(proto = getprotobyname("icmp"))) 299 errx(1, "unknown protocol icmp"); 300 if ((s = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_RAW, proto->p_proto)) < 0) 301 err(1, "socket"); 302 hold = 1; 303 if (options & F_SO_DEBUG) 304 (void)setsockopt(s, SOL_SOCKET, SO_DEBUG, (char *)&hold, 305 sizeof(hold)); 306 if (options & F_SO_DONTROUTE) 307 (void)setsockopt(s, SOL_SOCKET, SO_DONTROUTE, (char *)&hold, 308 sizeof(hold)); 309 310 /* record route option */ 311 if (options & F_RROUTE) { 312 #ifdef IP_OPTIONS 313 rspace[IPOPT_OPTVAL] = IPOPT_RR; 314 rspace[IPOPT_OLEN] = sizeof(rspace)-1; 315 rspace[IPOPT_OFFSET] = IPOPT_MINOFF; 316 if (setsockopt(s, IPPROTO_IP, IP_OPTIONS, rspace, 317 sizeof(rspace)) < 0) { 318 perror("ping: record route"); 319 exit(1); 320 } 321 #else 322 errx(1, "record route not available in this implementation"); 323 #endif /* IP_OPTIONS */ 324 } 325 326 if ((moptions & MULTICAST_NOLOOP) && 327 setsockopt(s, IPPROTO_IP, IP_MULTICAST_LOOP, &loop, 328 sizeof(loop)) < 0) 329 err(1, "setsockopt IP_MULTICAST_LOOP"); 330 if ((moptions & MULTICAST_TTL) && 331 setsockopt(s, IPPROTO_IP, IP_MULTICAST_TTL, &ttl, 332 sizeof(ttl)) < 0) 333 err(1, "setsockopt IP_MULTICAST_TTL"); 334 if ((moptions & MULTICAST_IF) && 335 setsockopt(s, IPPROTO_IP, IP_MULTICAST_IF, &ifaddr, 336 sizeof(ifaddr)) < 0) 337 err(1, "setsockopt IP_MULTICAST_IF"); 338 339 /* 340 * When pinging the broadcast address, you can get a lot of answers. 341 * Doing something so evil is useful if you are trying to stress the 342 * ethernet, or just want to fill the arp cache to get some stuff for 343 * /etc/ethers. 344 */ 345 hold = 48 * 1024; 346 (void)setsockopt(s, SOL_SOCKET, SO_RCVBUF, (char *)&hold, 347 sizeof(hold)); 348 349 if (to->sin_family == AF_INET) 350 (void)printf("PING %s (%s): %d data bytes\n", hostname, 351 inet_ntoa(*(struct in_addr *)&to->sin_addr.s_addr), 352 datalen); 353 else 354 (void)printf("PING %s: %d data bytes\n", hostname, datalen); 355 356 (void)signal(SIGINT, finish); 357 (void)signal(SIGALRM, catcher); 358 359 while (preload--) /* fire off them quickies */ 360 pinger(); 361 362 if ((options & F_FLOOD) == 0) 363 catcher(); /* start things going */ 364 365 for (;;) { 366 struct sockaddr_in from; 367 register int cc; 368 int fromlen; 369 370 if (options & F_FLOOD) { 371 pinger(); 372 timeout.tv_sec = 0; 373 timeout.tv_usec = 10000; 374 fdmask = 1 << s; 375 if (select(s + 1, (fd_set *)&fdmask, (fd_set *)NULL, 376 (fd_set *)NULL, &timeout) < 1) 377 continue; 378 } 379 fromlen = sizeof(from); 380 if ((cc = recvfrom(s, (char *)packet, packlen, 0, 381 (struct sockaddr *)&from, &fromlen)) < 0) { 382 if (errno == EINTR) 383 continue; 384 perror("ping: recvfrom"); 385 continue; 386 } 387 pr_pack((char *)packet, cc, &from); 388 if (npackets && nreceived >= npackets) 389 break; 390 } 391 finish(); 392 /* NOTREACHED */ 393 exit(0); /* Make the compiler happy */ 394 } 395 396 /* 397 * catcher -- 398 * This routine causes another PING to be transmitted, and then 399 * schedules another SIGALRM for 1 second from now. 400 * 401 * bug -- 402 * Our sense of time will slowly skew (i.e., packets will not be 403 * launched exactly at 1-second intervals). This does not affect the 404 * quality of the delay and loss statistics. 405 */ 406 void 407 catcher() 408 { 409 int waittime; 410 411 pinger(); 412 (void)signal(SIGALRM, catcher); 413 if (!npackets || ntransmitted < npackets) 414 alarm((u_int)interval); 415 else { 416 if (nreceived) { 417 waittime = 2 * tmax / 1000; 418 if (!waittime) 419 waittime = 1; 420 } else 421 waittime = MAXWAIT; 422 (void)signal(SIGALRM, finish); 423 (void)alarm((u_int)waittime); 424 } 425 } 426 427 /* 428 * pinger -- 429 * Compose and transmit an ICMP ECHO REQUEST packet. The IP packet 430 * will be added on by the kernel. The ID field is our UNIX process ID, 431 * and the sequence number is an ascending integer. The first 8 bytes 432 * of the data portion are used to hold a UNIX "timeval" struct in VAX 433 * byte-order, to compute the round-trip time. 434 */ 435 void 436 pinger() 437 { 438 register struct icmp *icp; 439 register int cc; 440 int i; 441 442 icp = (struct icmp *)outpack; 443 icp->icmp_type = ICMP_ECHO; 444 icp->icmp_code = 0; 445 icp->icmp_cksum = 0; 446 icp->icmp_seq = ntransmitted++; 447 icp->icmp_id = ident; /* ID */ 448 449 CLR(icp->icmp_seq % mx_dup_ck); 450 451 if (timing) 452 (void)gettimeofday((struct timeval *)&outpack[8], 453 (struct timezone *)NULL); 454 455 cc = datalen + 8; /* skips ICMP portion */ 456 457 /* compute ICMP checksum here */ 458 icp->icmp_cksum = in_cksum((u_short *)icp, cc); 459 460 i = sendto(s, (char *)outpack, cc, 0, &whereto, 461 sizeof(struct sockaddr)); 462 463 if (i < 0 || i != cc) { 464 if (i < 0) 465 perror("ping: sendto"); 466 (void)printf("ping: wrote %s %d chars, ret=%d\n", 467 hostname, cc, i); 468 } 469 if (!(options & F_QUIET) && options & F_FLOOD) 470 (void)write(STDOUT_FILENO, &DOT, 1); 471 } 472 473 /* 474 * pr_pack -- 475 * Print out the packet, if it came from us. This logic is necessary 476 * because ALL readers of the ICMP socket get a copy of ALL ICMP packets 477 * which arrive ('tis only fair). This permits multiple copies of this 478 * program to be run without having intermingled output (or statistics!). 479 */ 480 void 481 pr_pack(buf, cc, from) 482 char *buf; 483 int cc; 484 struct sockaddr_in *from; 485 { 486 register struct icmp *icp; 487 register u_long l; 488 register int i, j; 489 register u_char *cp,*dp; 490 static int old_rrlen; 491 static char old_rr[MAX_IPOPTLEN]; 492 struct ip *ip; 493 struct timeval tv, *tp; 494 double triptime; 495 int hlen, dupflag; 496 497 (void)gettimeofday(&tv, (struct timezone *)NULL); 498 499 /* Check the IP header */ 500 ip = (struct ip *)buf; 501 hlen = ip->ip_hl << 2; 502 if (cc < hlen + ICMP_MINLEN) { 503 if (options & F_VERBOSE) 504 warnx("packet too short (%d bytes) from %s", cc, 505 inet_ntoa(*(struct in_addr *)&from->sin_addr.s_addr)); 506 return; 507 } 508 509 /* Now the ICMP part */ 510 cc -= hlen; 511 icp = (struct icmp *)(buf + hlen); 512 if (icp->icmp_type == ICMP_ECHOREPLY) { 513 if (icp->icmp_id != ident) 514 return; /* 'Twas not our ECHO */ 515 ++nreceived; 516 if (timing) { 517 #ifndef icmp_data 518 tp = (struct timeval *)&icp->icmp_ip; 519 #else 520 tp = (struct timeval *)icp->icmp_data; 521 #endif 522 timersub(&tv, tp, &tv); 523 triptime = ((double)tv.tv_sec) * 1000.0 + 524 ((double)tv.tv_usec) / 1000.0; 525 tsum += triptime; 526 if (triptime < tmin) 527 tmin = triptime; 528 if (triptime > tmax) 529 tmax = triptime; 530 } 531 532 if (TST(icp->icmp_seq % mx_dup_ck)) { 533 ++nrepeats; 534 --nreceived; 535 dupflag = 1; 536 } else { 537 SET(icp->icmp_seq % mx_dup_ck); 538 dupflag = 0; 539 } 540 541 if (options & F_QUIET) 542 return; 543 544 if (options & F_FLOOD) 545 (void)write(STDOUT_FILENO, &BSPACE, 1); 546 else { 547 (void)printf("%d bytes from %s: icmp_seq=%u", cc, 548 inet_ntoa(*(struct in_addr *)&from->sin_addr.s_addr), 549 icp->icmp_seq); 550 (void)printf(" ttl=%d", ip->ip_ttl); 551 if (timing) 552 (void)printf(" time=%.3f ms", triptime); 553 if (dupflag) 554 (void)printf(" (DUP!)"); 555 /* check the data */ 556 cp = (u_char*)&icp->icmp_data[8]; 557 dp = &outpack[8 + sizeof(struct timeval)]; 558 for (i = 8; i < datalen; ++i, ++cp, ++dp) { 559 if (*cp != *dp) { 560 (void)printf("\nwrong data byte #%d should be 0x%x but was 0x%x", 561 i, *dp, *cp); 562 cp = (u_char*)&icp->icmp_data[0]; 563 for (i = 8; i < datalen; ++i, ++cp) { 564 if ((i % 32) == 8) 565 (void)printf("\n\t"); 566 (void)printf("%x ", *cp); 567 } 568 break; 569 } 570 } 571 } 572 } else { 573 /* We've got something other than an ECHOREPLY */ 574 if (!(options & F_VERBOSE)) 575 return; 576 (void)printf("%d bytes from %s: ", cc, 577 pr_addr(from->sin_addr.s_addr)); 578 pr_icmph(icp); 579 } 580 581 /* Display any IP options */ 582 cp = (u_char *)buf + sizeof(struct ip); 583 584 for (; hlen > (int)sizeof(struct ip); --hlen, ++cp) 585 switch (*cp) { 586 case IPOPT_EOL: 587 hlen = 0; 588 break; 589 case IPOPT_LSRR: 590 (void)printf("\nLSRR: "); 591 hlen -= 2; 592 j = *++cp; 593 ++cp; 594 if (j > IPOPT_MINOFF) 595 for (;;) { 596 l = *++cp; 597 l = (l<<8) + *++cp; 598 l = (l<<8) + *++cp; 599 l = (l<<8) + *++cp; 600 if (l == 0) 601 (void)printf("\t0.0.0.0"); 602 else 603 (void)printf("\t%s", pr_addr(ntohl(l))); 604 hlen -= 4; 605 j -= 4; 606 if (j <= IPOPT_MINOFF) 607 break; 608 (void)putchar('\n'); 609 } 610 break; 611 case IPOPT_RR: 612 j = *++cp; /* get length */ 613 i = *++cp; /* and pointer */ 614 hlen -= 2; 615 if (i > j) 616 i = j; 617 i -= IPOPT_MINOFF; 618 if (i <= 0) 619 continue; 620 if (i == old_rrlen 621 && cp == (u_char *)buf + sizeof(struct ip) + 2 622 && !memcmp(cp, old_rr, i) 623 && !(options & F_FLOOD)) { 624 (void)printf("\t(same route)"); 625 i = ((i + 3) / 4) * 4; 626 hlen -= i; 627 cp += i; 628 break; 629 } 630 old_rrlen = i; 631 memcpy(old_rr, cp, i); 632 (void)printf("\nRR: "); 633 for (;;) { 634 l = *++cp; 635 l = (l<<8) + *++cp; 636 l = (l<<8) + *++cp; 637 l = (l<<8) + *++cp; 638 if (l == 0) 639 (void)printf("\t0.0.0.0"); 640 else 641 (void)printf("\t%s", pr_addr(ntohl(l))); 642 hlen -= 4; 643 i -= 4; 644 if (i <= 0) 645 break; 646 (void)putchar('\n'); 647 } 648 break; 649 case IPOPT_NOP: 650 (void)printf("\nNOP"); 651 break; 652 default: 653 (void)printf("\nunknown option %x", *cp); 654 break; 655 } 656 if (!(options & F_FLOOD)) { 657 (void)putchar('\n'); 658 (void)fflush(stdout); 659 } 660 } 661 662 /* 663 * in_cksum -- 664 * Checksum routine for Internet Protocol family headers (C Version) 665 */ 666 int 667 in_cksum(addr, len) 668 u_short *addr; 669 int len; 670 { 671 register int nleft = len; 672 register u_short *w = addr; 673 register int sum = 0; 674 u_short answer = 0; 675 676 /* 677 * Our algorithm is simple, using a 32 bit accumulator (sum), we add 678 * sequential 16 bit words to it, and at the end, fold back all the 679 * carry bits from the top 16 bits into the lower 16 bits. 680 */ 681 while (nleft > 1) { 682 sum += *w++; 683 nleft -= 2; 684 } 685 686 /* mop up an odd byte, if necessary */ 687 if (nleft == 1) { 688 *(u_char *)(&answer) = *(u_char *)w ; 689 sum += answer; 690 } 691 692 /* add back carry outs from top 16 bits to low 16 bits */ 693 sum = (sum >> 16) + (sum & 0xffff); /* add hi 16 to low 16 */ 694 sum += (sum >> 16); /* add carry */ 695 answer = ~sum; /* truncate to 16 bits */ 696 return(answer); 697 } 698 699 /* 700 * finish -- 701 * Print out statistics, and give up. 702 */ 703 void 704 finish() 705 { 706 register int i; 707 708 (void)signal(SIGINT, SIG_IGN); 709 (void)putchar('\n'); 710 (void)fflush(stdout); 711 (void)printf("--- %s ping statistics ---\n", hostname); 712 (void)printf("%ld packets transmitted, ", ntransmitted); 713 (void)printf("%ld packets received, ", nreceived); 714 if (nrepeats) 715 (void)printf("+%ld duplicates, ", nrepeats); 716 if (ntransmitted) 717 if (nreceived > ntransmitted) 718 (void)printf("-- somebody's printing up packets!"); 719 else 720 (void)printf("%d%% packet loss", 721 (int) (((ntransmitted - nreceived) * 100) / 722 ntransmitted)); 723 (void)putchar('\n'); 724 if (nreceived && timing) { 725 /* Only display average to microseconds */ 726 i = 1000.0 * tsum / (nreceived + nrepeats); 727 (void)printf("round-trip min/avg/max = %.3f/%.3f/%.3f ms\n", 728 tmin, ((double)i) / 1000.0, tmax); 729 } 730 exit(nreceived ? 0 : 1); 731 } 732 733 #ifdef notdef 734 static char *ttab[] = { 735 "Echo Reply", /* ip + seq + udata */ 736 "Dest Unreachable", /* net, host, proto, port, frag, sr + IP */ 737 "Source Quench", /* IP */ 738 "Redirect", /* redirect type, gateway, + IP */ 739 "Echo", 740 "Time Exceeded", /* transit, frag reassem + IP */ 741 "Parameter Problem", /* pointer + IP */ 742 "Timestamp", /* id + seq + three timestamps */ 743 "Timestamp Reply", /* " */ 744 "Info Request", /* id + sq */ 745 "Info Reply" /* " */ 746 }; 747 #endif 748 749 /* 750 * pr_icmph -- 751 * Print a descriptive string about an ICMP header. 752 */ 753 void 754 pr_icmph(icp) 755 struct icmp *icp; 756 { 757 switch(icp->icmp_type) { 758 case ICMP_ECHOREPLY: 759 (void)printf("Echo Reply\n"); 760 /* XXX ID + Seq + Data */ 761 break; 762 case ICMP_UNREACH: 763 switch(icp->icmp_code) { 764 case ICMP_UNREACH_NET: 765 (void)printf("Destination Net Unreachable\n"); 766 break; 767 case ICMP_UNREACH_HOST: 768 (void)printf("Destination Host Unreachable\n"); 769 break; 770 case ICMP_UNREACH_PROTOCOL: 771 (void)printf("Destination Protocol Unreachable\n"); 772 break; 773 case ICMP_UNREACH_PORT: 774 (void)printf("Destination Port Unreachable\n"); 775 break; 776 case ICMP_UNREACH_NEEDFRAG: 777 (void)printf("frag needed and DF set\n"); 778 break; 779 case ICMP_UNREACH_SRCFAIL: 780 (void)printf("Source Route Failed\n"); 781 break; 782 default: 783 (void)printf("Dest Unreachable, Bad Code: %d\n", 784 icp->icmp_code); 785 break; 786 } 787 /* Print returned IP header information */ 788 #ifndef icmp_data 789 pr_retip(&icp->icmp_ip); 790 #else 791 pr_retip((struct ip *)icp->icmp_data); 792 #endif 793 break; 794 case ICMP_SOURCEQUENCH: 795 (void)printf("Source Quench\n"); 796 #ifndef icmp_data 797 pr_retip(&icp->icmp_ip); 798 #else 799 pr_retip((struct ip *)icp->icmp_data); 800 #endif 801 break; 802 case ICMP_REDIRECT: 803 switch(icp->icmp_code) { 804 case ICMP_REDIRECT_NET: 805 (void)printf("Redirect Network"); 806 break; 807 case ICMP_REDIRECT_HOST: 808 (void)printf("Redirect Host"); 809 break; 810 case ICMP_REDIRECT_TOSNET: 811 (void)printf("Redirect Type of Service and Network"); 812 break; 813 case ICMP_REDIRECT_TOSHOST: 814 (void)printf("Redirect Type of Service and Host"); 815 break; 816 default: 817 (void)printf("Redirect, Bad Code: %d", icp->icmp_code); 818 break; 819 } 820 (void)printf("(New addr: 0x%08lx)\n", icp->icmp_gwaddr.s_addr); 821 #ifndef icmp_data 822 pr_retip(&icp->icmp_ip); 823 #else 824 pr_retip((struct ip *)icp->icmp_data); 825 #endif 826 break; 827 case ICMP_ECHO: 828 (void)printf("Echo Request\n"); 829 /* XXX ID + Seq + Data */ 830 break; 831 case ICMP_TIMXCEED: 832 switch(icp->icmp_code) { 833 case ICMP_TIMXCEED_INTRANS: 834 (void)printf("Time to live exceeded\n"); 835 break; 836 case ICMP_TIMXCEED_REASS: 837 (void)printf("Frag reassembly time exceeded\n"); 838 break; 839 default: 840 (void)printf("Time exceeded, Bad Code: %d\n", 841 icp->icmp_code); 842 break; 843 } 844 #ifndef icmp_data 845 pr_retip(&icp->icmp_ip); 846 #else 847 pr_retip((struct ip *)icp->icmp_data); 848 #endif 849 break; 850 case ICMP_PARAMPROB: 851 (void)printf("Parameter problem: pointer = 0x%02x\n", 852 icp->icmp_hun.ih_pptr); 853 #ifndef icmp_data 854 pr_retip(&icp->icmp_ip); 855 #else 856 pr_retip((struct ip *)icp->icmp_data); 857 #endif 858 break; 859 case ICMP_TSTAMP: 860 (void)printf("Timestamp\n"); 861 /* XXX ID + Seq + 3 timestamps */ 862 break; 863 case ICMP_TSTAMPREPLY: 864 (void)printf("Timestamp Reply\n"); 865 /* XXX ID + Seq + 3 timestamps */ 866 break; 867 case ICMP_IREQ: 868 (void)printf("Information Request\n"); 869 /* XXX ID + Seq */ 870 break; 871 case ICMP_IREQREPLY: 872 (void)printf("Information Reply\n"); 873 /* XXX ID + Seq */ 874 break; 875 #ifdef ICMP_MASKREQ 876 case ICMP_MASKREQ: 877 (void)printf("Address Mask Request\n"); 878 break; 879 #endif 880 #ifdef ICMP_MASKREPLY 881 case ICMP_MASKREPLY: 882 (void)printf("Address Mask Reply\n"); 883 break; 884 #endif 885 default: 886 (void)printf("Bad ICMP type: %d\n", icp->icmp_type); 887 } 888 } 889 890 /* 891 * pr_iph -- 892 * Print an IP header with options. 893 */ 894 void 895 pr_iph(ip) 896 struct ip *ip; 897 { 898 int hlen; 899 u_char *cp; 900 901 hlen = ip->ip_hl << 2; 902 cp = (u_char *)ip + 20; /* point to options */ 903 904 (void)printf("Vr HL TOS Len ID Flg off TTL Pro cks Src Dst Data\n"); 905 (void)printf(" %1x %1x %02x %04x %04x", 906 ip->ip_v, ip->ip_hl, ip->ip_tos, ip->ip_len, ip->ip_id); 907 (void)printf(" %1x %04x", ((ip->ip_off) & 0xe000) >> 13, 908 (ip->ip_off) & 0x1fff); 909 (void)printf(" %02x %02x %04x", ip->ip_ttl, ip->ip_p, ip->ip_sum); 910 (void)printf(" %s ", inet_ntoa(*(struct in_addr *)&ip->ip_src.s_addr)); 911 (void)printf(" %s ", inet_ntoa(*(struct in_addr *)&ip->ip_dst.s_addr)); 912 /* dump and option bytes */ 913 while (hlen-- > 20) { 914 (void)printf("%02x", *cp++); 915 } 916 (void)putchar('\n'); 917 } 918 919 /* 920 * pr_addr -- 921 * Return an ascii host address as a dotted quad and optionally with 922 * a hostname. 923 */ 924 char * 925 pr_addr(l) 926 u_long l; 927 { 928 struct hostent *hp; 929 static char buf[80]; 930 931 if ((options & F_NUMERIC) || 932 !(hp = gethostbyaddr((char *)&l, 4, AF_INET))) 933 (void)sprintf(buf, "%s", inet_ntoa(*(struct in_addr *)&l)); 934 else 935 (void)sprintf(buf, "%s (%s)", hp->h_name, 936 inet_ntoa(*(struct in_addr *)&l)); 937 return(buf); 938 } 939 940 /* 941 * pr_retip -- 942 * Dump some info on a returned (via ICMP) IP packet. 943 */ 944 void 945 pr_retip(ip) 946 struct ip *ip; 947 { 948 int hlen; 949 u_char *cp; 950 951 pr_iph(ip); 952 hlen = ip->ip_hl << 2; 953 cp = (u_char *)ip + hlen; 954 955 if (ip->ip_p == 6) 956 (void)printf("TCP: from port %u, to port %u (decimal)\n", 957 (*cp * 256 + *(cp + 1)), (*(cp + 2) * 256 + *(cp + 3))); 958 else if (ip->ip_p == 17) 959 (void)printf("UDP: from port %u, to port %u (decimal)\n", 960 (*cp * 256 + *(cp + 1)), (*(cp + 2) * 256 + *(cp + 3))); 961 } 962 963 void 964 fill(bp, patp) 965 char *bp, *patp; 966 { 967 register int ii, jj, kk; 968 int pat[16]; 969 char *cp; 970 971 for (cp = patp; *cp; cp++) 972 if (!isxdigit(*cp)) 973 errx(1, "patterns must be specified as hex digits"); 974 ii = sscanf(patp, 975 "%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x", 976 &pat[0], &pat[1], &pat[2], &pat[3], &pat[4], &pat[5], &pat[6], 977 &pat[7], &pat[8], &pat[9], &pat[10], &pat[11], &pat[12], 978 &pat[13], &pat[14], &pat[15]); 979 980 if (ii > 0) 981 for (kk = 0; 982 kk <= MAXPACKET - (8 + sizeof(struct timeval) + ii); 983 kk += ii) 984 for (jj = 0; jj < ii; ++jj) 985 bp[jj + kk] = pat[jj]; 986 if (!(options & F_QUIET)) { 987 (void)printf("PATTERN: 0x"); 988 for (jj = 0; jj < ii; ++jj) 989 (void)printf("%02x", bp[jj] & 0xFF); 990 (void)printf("\n"); 991 } 992 } 993 994 void 995 usage() 996 { 997 (void)fprintf(stderr, 998 "usage: ping [-dfLnqRrv] [-c count] [-I ifaddr] [-i wait] [-l preload]\n\t[-p pattern] [-s packetsize] [-t ttl] host\n"); 999 exit(1); 1000 } 1001
Indexes created Tue Sep 30 20:09:53 GMT 2025