ping.c revision 1.16
1 /* $NetBSD: ping.c,v 1.16 1995/05/21 01:18:03 mycroft Exp $ */ 2 3 /* 4 * Copyright (c) 1989, 1993 5 * The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved. 6 * 7 * This code is derived from software contributed to Berkeley by 8 * Mike Muuss. 9 * 10 * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without 11 * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions 12 * are met: 13 * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright 14 * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. 15 * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright 16 * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the 17 * documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution. 18 * 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software 19 * must display the following acknowledgement: 20 * This product includes software developed by the University of 21 * California, Berkeley and its contributors. 22 * 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors 23 * may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software 24 * without specific prior written permission. 25 * 26 * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND 27 * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE 28 * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE 29 * ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE 30 * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL 31 * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS 32 * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) 33 * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT 34 * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY 35 * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF 36 * SUCH DAMAGE. 37 */ 38 39 #ifndef lint 40 static char copyright[] = 41 "@(#) Copyright (c) 1989, 1993\n\ 42 The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved.\n"; 43 #endif /* not lint */ 44 45 #ifndef lint 46 #if 0 47 static char sccsid[] = "@(#)ping.c 8.1 (Berkeley) 6/5/93"; 48 #else 49 static char rcsid[] = "$NetBSD: ping.c,v 1.16 1995/05/21 01:18:03 mycroft Exp $"; 50 #endif 51 #endif /* not lint */ 52 53 /* 54 * P I N G . C 55 * 56 * Using the InterNet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) "ECHO" facility, 57 * measure round-trip-delays and packet loss across network paths. 58 * 59 * Author - 60 * Mike Muuss 61 * U. S. Army Ballistic Research Laboratory 62 * December, 1983 63 * 64 * Status - 65 * Public Domain. Distribution Unlimited. 66 * Bugs - 67 * More statistics could always be gathered. 68 * This program has to run SUID to ROOT to access the ICMP socket. 69 */ 70 71 #include <sys/param.h> 72 #include <sys/queue.h> 73 #include <sys/socket.h> 74 #include <sys/file.h> 75 #include <sys/time.h> 76 #include <sys/signal.h> 77 78 #include <netinet/in_systm.h> 79 #include <netinet/in.h> 80 #include <netinet/ip.h> 81 #include <netinet/ip_icmp.h> 82 #include <netinet/ip_var.h> 83 #include <arpa/inet.h> 84 #include <netdb.h> 85 #include <unistd.h> 86 #include <stdio.h> 87 #include <ctype.h> 88 #include <err.h> 89 #include <errno.h> 90 #include <string.h> 91 #include <stdlib.h> 92 93 #define DEFDATALEN (64 - 8) /* default data length */ 94 #define MAXIPLEN 60 95 #define MAXICMPLEN 76 96 #define MAXPACKET (65536 - 60 - 8)/* max packet size */ 97 #define MAXWAIT 10 /* max seconds to wait for response */ 98 #define NROUTES 9 /* number of record route slots */ 99 100 #define A(bit) rcvd_tbl[(bit)>>3] /* identify byte in array */ 101 #define B(bit) (1 << ((bit) & 0x07)) /* identify bit in byte */ 102 #define SET(bit) (A(bit) |= B(bit)) 103 #define CLR(bit) (A(bit) &= (~B(bit))) 104 #define TST(bit) (A(bit) & B(bit)) 105 106 /* various options */ 107 int options; 108 #define F_FLOOD 0x001 109 #define F_INTERVAL 0x002 110 #define F_NUMERIC 0x004 111 #define F_PINGFILLED 0x008 112 #define F_QUIET 0x010 113 #define F_RROUTE 0x020 114 #define F_SO_DEBUG 0x040 115 #define F_SO_DONTROUTE 0x080 116 #define F_VERBOSE 0x100 117 118 /* multicast options */ 119 int moptions; 120 #define MULTICAST_NOLOOP 0x001 121 #define MULTICAST_TTL 0x002 122 #define MULTICAST_IF 0x004 123 124 /* 125 * MAX_DUP_CHK is the number of bits in received table, i.e. the maximum 126 * number of received sequence numbers we can keep track of. Change 128 127 * to 8192 for complete accuracy... 128 */ 129 #define MAX_DUP_CHK (8 * 128) 130 int mx_dup_ck = MAX_DUP_CHK; 131 char rcvd_tbl[MAX_DUP_CHK / 8]; 132 133 struct sockaddr whereto; /* who to ping */ 134 int datalen = DEFDATALEN; 135 int s; /* socket file descriptor */ 136 u_char outpack[MAXPACKET]; 137 char BSPACE = '\b'; /* characters written for flood */ 138 char DOT = '.'; 139 char *hostname; 140 int ident; /* process id to identify our packets */ 141 142 /* counters */ 143 long npackets; /* max packets to transmit */ 144 long nreceived; /* # of packets we got back */ 145 long nrepeats; /* number of duplicates */ 146 long ntransmitted; /* sequence # for outbound packets = #sent */ 147 int interval = 1; /* interval between packets */ 148 149 /* timing */ 150 int timing; /* flag to do timing */ 151 double tmin = 999999999.0; /* minimum round trip time */ 152 double tmax = 0.0; /* maximum round trip time */ 153 double tsum = 0.0; /* sum of all times, for doing average */ 154 155 void fill __P((char *, char *)); 156 void catcher(), finish(); 157 int in_cksum __P((u_short *, int)); 158 void pinger(); 159 char *pr_addr __P((u_long)); 160 void pr_icmph __P((struct icmp *)); 161 void pr_pack __P((char *, int, struct sockaddr_in *)); 162 void pr_retip __P((struct ip *)); 163 void usage(); 164 165 int 166 main(argc, argv) 167 int argc; 168 char **argv; 169 { 170 extern int errno, optind; 171 extern char *optarg; 172 struct timeval timeout; 173 struct hostent *hp; 174 struct sockaddr_in *to; 175 struct protoent *proto; 176 struct in_addr ifaddr; 177 register int i; 178 int ch, fdmask, hold, packlen, preload; 179 u_char *datap, *packet; 180 char *target, hnamebuf[MAXHOSTNAMELEN]; 181 u_char ttl, loop = 1; 182 #ifdef IP_OPTIONS 183 char rspace[3 + 4 * NROUTES + 1]; /* record route space */ 184 #endif 185 186 preload = 0; 187 datap = &outpack[8 + sizeof(struct timeval)]; 188 while ((ch = getopt(argc, argv, "I:LRc:dfh:i:l:np:qrs:t:v")) != EOF) 189 switch(ch) { 190 case 'c': 191 npackets = atoi(optarg); 192 if (npackets <= 0) 193 errx(1, "bad number of packets to transmit: %s", 194 optarg); 195 break; 196 case 'd': 197 options |= F_SO_DEBUG; 198 break; 199 case 'f': 200 if (getuid()) 201 errx(1, "%s", strerror(EPERM)); 202 options |= F_FLOOD; 203 setbuf(stdout, (char *)NULL); 204 break; 205 case 'I': 206 if (inet_aton(optarg, &ifaddr) == 0) 207 errx(1, "bad interface address: %s", optarg); 208 moptions |= MULTICAST_IF; 209 break; 210 case 'i': /* wait between sending packets */ 211 interval = atoi(optarg); 212 if (interval <= 0) 213 errx(1, "bad timing interval: %s", optarg); 214 options |= F_INTERVAL; 215 break; 216 case 'L': 217 moptions |= MULTICAST_NOLOOP; 218 loop = 0; 219 break; 220 case 'l': 221 preload = atoi(optarg); 222 if (preload < 0) 223 errx(1, "bad preload value: %s", optarg); 224 break; 225 case 'n': 226 options |= F_NUMERIC; 227 break; 228 case 'p': /* fill buffer with user pattern */ 229 options |= F_PINGFILLED; 230 fill((char *)datap, optarg); 231 break; 232 case 'q': 233 options |= F_QUIET; 234 break; 235 case 'R': 236 options |= F_RROUTE; 237 break; 238 case 'r': 239 options |= F_SO_DONTROUTE; 240 break; 241 case 's': /* size of packet to send */ 242 datalen = atoi(optarg); 243 if (datalen <= 0) 244 errx(1, "bad packet size: %s", optarg); 245 if (datalen > MAXPACKET) 246 errx(1, "packet size too large: %s", optarg); 247 break; 248 case 't': 249 ttl = atoi(optarg); 250 if (ttl <= 0) 251 errx(1, "bad ttl value: %s", optarg); 252 if (ttl > 255) 253 errx(1, "ttl value too large: %s", optarg); 254 break; 255 case 'v': 256 options |= F_VERBOSE; 257 break; 258 default: 259 usage(); 260 } 261 argc -= optind; 262 argv += optind; 263 264 if (argc != 1) 265 usage(); 266 target = *argv; 267 268 memset(&whereto, 0, sizeof(struct sockaddr)); 269 to = (struct sockaddr_in *)&whereto; 270 to->sin_family = AF_INET; 271 if (inet_aton(target, &to->sin_addr) != 0) 272 hostname = target; 273 else { 274 hp = gethostbyname(target); 275 if (!hp) 276 errx(1, "unknown host: %s", target); 277 to->sin_family = hp->h_addrtype; 278 memcpy(&to->sin_addr, hp->h_addr, hp->h_length); 279 (void)strncpy(hnamebuf, hp->h_name, sizeof(hnamebuf) - 1); 280 hostname = hnamebuf; 281 } 282 283 if (options & F_FLOOD && options & F_INTERVAL) 284 errx(1, "-f and -i options are incompatible"); 285 286 if (datalen >= sizeof(struct timeval)) /* can we time transfer */ 287 timing = 1; 288 packlen = datalen + MAXIPLEN + MAXICMPLEN; 289 if (!(packet = (u_char *)malloc((u_int)packlen))) 290 err(1, "malloc"); 291 if (!(options & F_PINGFILLED)) 292 for (i = 8; i < datalen; ++i) 293 *datap++ = i; 294 295 ident = getpid() & 0xFFFF; 296 297 if (!(proto = getprotobyname("icmp"))) 298 errx(1, "unknown protocol icmp"); 299 if ((s = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_RAW, proto->p_proto)) < 0) 300 err(1, "socket"); 301 hold = 1; 302 if (options & F_SO_DEBUG) 303 (void)setsockopt(s, SOL_SOCKET, SO_DEBUG, (char *)&hold, 304 sizeof(hold)); 305 if (options & F_SO_DONTROUTE) 306 (void)setsockopt(s, SOL_SOCKET, SO_DONTROUTE, (char *)&hold, 307 sizeof(hold)); 308 309 /* record route option */ 310 if (options & F_RROUTE) { 311 #ifdef IP_OPTIONS 312 rspace[IPOPT_OPTVAL] = IPOPT_RR; 313 rspace[IPOPT_OLEN] = sizeof(rspace)-1; 314 rspace[IPOPT_OFFSET] = IPOPT_MINOFF; 315 if (setsockopt(s, IPPROTO_IP, IP_OPTIONS, rspace, 316 sizeof(rspace)) < 0) { 317 perror("ping: record route"); 318 exit(1); 319 } 320 #else 321 errx(1, "record route not available in this implementation"); 322 #endif /* IP_OPTIONS */ 323 } 324 325 if ((moptions & MULTICAST_NOLOOP) && 326 setsockopt(s, IPPROTO_IP, IP_MULTICAST_LOOP, &loop, 327 sizeof(loop)) < 0) 328 err(1, "setsockopt IP_MULTICAST_LOOP"); 329 if ((moptions & MULTICAST_TTL) && 330 setsockopt(s, IPPROTO_IP, IP_MULTICAST_TTL, &ttl, 331 sizeof(ttl)) < 0) 332 err(1, "setsockopt IP_MULTICAST_TTL"); 333 if ((moptions & MULTICAST_IF) && 334 setsockopt(s, IPPROTO_IP, IP_MULTICAST_IF, &ifaddr, 335 sizeof(ifaddr)) < 0) 336 err(1, "setsockopt IP_MULTICAST_IF"); 337 338 /* 339 * When pinging the broadcast address, you can get a lot of answers. 340 * Doing something so evil is useful if you are trying to stress the 341 * ethernet, or just want to fill the arp cache to get some stuff for 342 * /etc/ethers. 343 */ 344 hold = 48 * 1024; 345 (void)setsockopt(s, SOL_SOCKET, SO_RCVBUF, (char *)&hold, 346 sizeof(hold)); 347 348 if (to->sin_family == AF_INET) 349 (void)printf("PING %s (%s): %d data bytes\n", hostname, 350 inet_ntoa(*(struct in_addr *)&to->sin_addr.s_addr), 351 datalen); 352 else 353 (void)printf("PING %s: %d data bytes\n", hostname, datalen); 354 355 (void)signal(SIGINT, finish); 356 (void)signal(SIGALRM, catcher); 357 358 while (preload--) /* fire off them quickies */ 359 pinger(); 360 361 if ((options & F_FLOOD) == 0) 362 catcher(); /* start things going */ 363 364 for (;;) { 365 struct sockaddr_in from; 366 register int cc; 367 int fromlen; 368 369 if (options & F_FLOOD) { 370 pinger(); 371 timeout.tv_sec = 0; 372 timeout.tv_usec = 10000; 373 fdmask = 1 << s; 374 if (select(s + 1, (fd_set *)&fdmask, (fd_set *)NULL, 375 (fd_set *)NULL, &timeout) < 1) 376 continue; 377 } 378 fromlen = sizeof(from); 379 if ((cc = recvfrom(s, (char *)packet, packlen, 0, 380 (struct sockaddr *)&from, &fromlen)) < 0) { 381 if (errno == EINTR) 382 continue; 383 perror("ping: recvfrom"); 384 continue; 385 } 386 pr_pack((char *)packet, cc, &from); 387 if (npackets && nreceived >= npackets) 388 break; 389 } 390 finish(); 391 /* NOTREACHED */ 392 exit(0); /* Make the compiler happy */ 393 } 394 395 /* 396 * catcher -- 397 * This routine causes another PING to be transmitted, and then 398 * schedules another SIGALRM for 1 second from now. 399 * 400 * bug -- 401 * Our sense of time will slowly skew (i.e., packets will not be 402 * launched exactly at 1-second intervals). This does not affect the 403 * quality of the delay and loss statistics. 404 */ 405 void 406 catcher() 407 { 408 int waittime; 409 410 pinger(); 411 (void)signal(SIGALRM, catcher); 412 if (!npackets || ntransmitted < npackets) 413 alarm((u_int)interval); 414 else { 415 if (nreceived) { 416 waittime = 2 * tmax / 1000; 417 if (!waittime) 418 waittime = 1; 419 } else 420 waittime = MAXWAIT; 421 (void)signal(SIGALRM, finish); 422 (void)alarm((u_int)waittime); 423 } 424 } 425 426 /* 427 * pinger -- 428 * Compose and transmit an ICMP ECHO REQUEST packet. The IP packet 429 * will be added on by the kernel. The ID field is our UNIX process ID, 430 * and the sequence number is an ascending integer. The first 8 bytes 431 * of the data portion are used to hold a UNIX "timeval" struct in VAX 432 * byte-order, to compute the round-trip time. 433 */ 434 void 435 pinger() 436 { 437 register struct icmp *icp; 438 register int cc; 439 int i; 440 441 icp = (struct icmp *)outpack; 442 icp->icmp_type = ICMP_ECHO; 443 icp->icmp_code = 0; 444 icp->icmp_cksum = 0; 445 icp->icmp_seq = ntransmitted++; 446 icp->icmp_id = ident; /* ID */ 447 448 CLR(icp->icmp_seq % mx_dup_ck); 449 450 if (timing) 451 (void)gettimeofday((struct timeval *)&outpack[8], 452 (struct timezone *)NULL); 453 454 cc = datalen + 8; /* skips ICMP portion */ 455 456 /* compute ICMP checksum here */ 457 icp->icmp_cksum = in_cksum((u_short *)icp, cc); 458 459 i = sendto(s, (char *)outpack, cc, 0, &whereto, 460 sizeof(struct sockaddr)); 461 462 if (i < 0 || i != cc) { 463 if (i < 0) 464 perror("ping: sendto"); 465 (void)printf("ping: wrote %s %d chars, ret=%d\n", 466 hostname, cc, i); 467 } 468 if (!(options & F_QUIET) && options & F_FLOOD) 469 (void)write(STDOUT_FILENO, &DOT, 1); 470 } 471 472 /* 473 * pr_pack -- 474 * Print out the packet, if it came from us. This logic is necessary 475 * because ALL readers of the ICMP socket get a copy of ALL ICMP packets 476 * which arrive ('tis only fair). This permits multiple copies of this 477 * program to be run without having intermingled output (or statistics!). 478 */ 479 void 480 pr_pack(buf, cc, from) 481 char *buf; 482 int cc; 483 struct sockaddr_in *from; 484 { 485 register struct icmp *icp; 486 register u_long l; 487 register int i, j; 488 register u_char *cp,*dp; 489 static int old_rrlen; 490 static char old_rr[MAX_IPOPTLEN]; 491 struct ip *ip; 492 struct timeval tv, *tp; 493 double triptime; 494 int hlen, dupflag; 495 496 (void)gettimeofday(&tv, (struct timezone *)NULL); 497 498 /* Check the IP header */ 499 ip = (struct ip *)buf; 500 hlen = ip->ip_hl << 2; 501 if (cc < hlen + ICMP_MINLEN) { 502 if (options & F_VERBOSE) 503 warnx("packet too short (%d bytes) from %s", cc, 504 inet_ntoa(*(struct in_addr *)&from->sin_addr.s_addr)); 505 return; 506 } 507 508 /* Now the ICMP part */ 509 cc -= hlen; 510 icp = (struct icmp *)(buf + hlen); 511 if (icp->icmp_type == ICMP_ECHOREPLY) { 512 if (icp->icmp_id != ident) 513 return; /* 'Twas not our ECHO */ 514 ++nreceived; 515 if (timing) { 516 #ifndef icmp_data 517 tp = (struct timeval *)&icp->icmp_ip; 518 #else 519 tp = (struct timeval *)icp->icmp_data; 520 #endif 521 timersub(&tv, tp, &tv); 522 triptime = ((double)tv.tv_sec) * 1000.0 + 523 ((double)tv.tv_usec) / 1000.0; 524 tsum += triptime; 525 if (triptime < tmin) 526 tmin = triptime; 527 if (triptime > tmax) 528 tmax = triptime; 529 } 530 531 if (TST(icp->icmp_seq % mx_dup_ck)) { 532 ++nrepeats; 533 --nreceived; 534 dupflag = 1; 535 } else { 536 SET(icp->icmp_seq % mx_dup_ck); 537 dupflag = 0; 538 } 539 540 if (options & F_QUIET) 541 return; 542 543 if (options & F_FLOOD) 544 (void)write(STDOUT_FILENO, &BSPACE, 1); 545 else { 546 (void)printf("%d bytes from %s: icmp_seq=%u", cc, 547 inet_ntoa(*(struct in_addr *)&from->sin_addr.s_addr), 548 icp->icmp_seq); 549 (void)printf(" ttl=%d", ip->ip_ttl); 550 if (timing) 551 (void)printf(" time=%.3f ms", triptime); 552 if (dupflag) 553 (void)printf(" (DUP!)"); 554 /* check the data */ 555 cp = (u_char*)&icp->icmp_data[8]; 556 dp = &outpack[8 + sizeof(struct timeval)]; 557 for (i = 8; i < datalen; ++i, ++cp, ++dp) { 558 if (*cp != *dp) { 559 (void)printf("\nwrong data byte #%d should be 0x%x but was 0x%x", 560 i, *dp, *cp); 561 cp = (u_char*)&icp->icmp_data[0]; 562 for (i = 8; i < datalen; ++i, ++cp) { 563 if ((i % 32) == 8) 564 (void)printf("\n\t"); 565 (void)printf("%x ", *cp); 566 } 567 break; 568 } 569 } 570 } 571 } else { 572 /* We've got something other than an ECHOREPLY */ 573 if (!(options & F_VERBOSE)) 574 return; 575 (void)printf("%d bytes from %s: ", cc, 576 pr_addr(from->sin_addr.s_addr)); 577 pr_icmph(icp); 578 } 579 580 /* Display any IP options */ 581 cp = (u_char *)buf + sizeof(struct ip); 582 583 for (; hlen > (int)sizeof(struct ip); --hlen, ++cp) 584 switch (*cp) { 585 case IPOPT_EOL: 586 hlen = 0; 587 break; 588 case IPOPT_LSRR: 589 (void)printf("\nLSRR: "); 590 hlen -= 2; 591 j = *++cp; 592 ++cp; 593 if (j > IPOPT_MINOFF) 594 for (;;) { 595 l = *++cp; 596 l = (l<<8) + *++cp; 597 l = (l<<8) + *++cp; 598 l = (l<<8) + *++cp; 599 if (l == 0) 600 (void)printf("\t0.0.0.0"); 601 else 602 (void)printf("\t%s", pr_addr(ntohl(l))); 603 hlen -= 4; 604 j -= 4; 605 if (j <= IPOPT_MINOFF) 606 break; 607 (void)putchar('\n'); 608 } 609 break; 610 case IPOPT_RR: 611 j = *++cp; /* get length */ 612 i = *++cp; /* and pointer */ 613 hlen -= 2; 614 if (i > j) 615 i = j; 616 i -= IPOPT_MINOFF; 617 if (i <= 0) 618 continue; 619 if (i == old_rrlen 620 && cp == (u_char *)buf + sizeof(struct ip) + 2 621 && !memcmp(cp, old_rr, i) 622 && !(options & F_FLOOD)) { 623 (void)printf("\t(same route)"); 624 i = ((i + 3) / 4) * 4; 625 hlen -= i; 626 cp += i; 627 break; 628 } 629 old_rrlen = i; 630 memcpy(old_rr, cp, i); 631 (void)printf("\nRR: "); 632 for (;;) { 633 l = *++cp; 634 l = (l<<8) + *++cp; 635 l = (l<<8) + *++cp; 636 l = (l<<8) + *++cp; 637 if (l == 0) 638 (void)printf("\t0.0.0.0"); 639 else 640 (void)printf("\t%s", pr_addr(ntohl(l))); 641 hlen -= 4; 642 i -= 4; 643 if (i <= 0) 644 break; 645 (void)putchar('\n'); 646 } 647 break; 648 case IPOPT_NOP: 649 (void)printf("\nNOP"); 650 break; 651 default: 652 (void)printf("\nunknown option %x", *cp); 653 break; 654 } 655 if (!(options & F_FLOOD)) { 656 (void)putchar('\n'); 657 (void)fflush(stdout); 658 } 659 } 660 661 /* 662 * in_cksum -- 663 * Checksum routine for Internet Protocol family headers (C Version) 664 */ 665 int 666 in_cksum(addr, len) 667 u_short *addr; 668 int len; 669 { 670 register int nleft = len; 671 register u_short *w = addr; 672 register int sum = 0; 673 u_short answer = 0; 674 675 /* 676 * Our algorithm is simple, using a 32 bit accumulator (sum), we add 677 * sequential 16 bit words to it, and at the end, fold back all the 678 * carry bits from the top 16 bits into the lower 16 bits. 679 */ 680 while (nleft > 1) { 681 sum += *w++; 682 nleft -= 2; 683 } 684 685 /* mop up an odd byte, if necessary */ 686 if (nleft == 1) { 687 *(u_char *)(&answer) = *(u_char *)w ; 688 sum += answer; 689 } 690 691 /* add back carry outs from top 16 bits to low 16 bits */ 692 sum = (sum >> 16) + (sum & 0xffff); /* add hi 16 to low 16 */ 693 sum += (sum >> 16); /* add carry */ 694 answer = ~sum; /* truncate to 16 bits */ 695 return(answer); 696 } 697 698 /* 699 * finish -- 700 * Print out statistics, and give up. 701 */ 702 void 703 finish() 704 { 705 register int i; 706 707 (void)signal(SIGINT, SIG_IGN); 708 (void)putchar('\n'); 709 (void)fflush(stdout); 710 (void)printf("--- %s ping statistics ---\n", hostname); 711 (void)printf("%ld packets transmitted, ", ntransmitted); 712 (void)printf("%ld packets received, ", nreceived); 713 if (nrepeats) 714 (void)printf("+%ld duplicates, ", nrepeats); 715 if (ntransmitted) 716 if (nreceived > ntransmitted) 717 (void)printf("-- somebody's printing up packets!"); 718 else 719 (void)printf("%d%% packet loss", 720 (int) (((ntransmitted - nreceived) * 100) / 721 ntransmitted)); 722 (void)putchar('\n'); 723 if (nreceived && timing) { 724 /* Only display average to microseconds */ 725 i = 1000.0 * tsum / (nreceived + nrepeats); 726 (void)printf("round-trip min/avg/max = %.3f/%.3f/%.3f ms\n", 727 tmin, ((double)i) / 1000.0, tmax); 728 } 729 exit(nreceived ? 0 : 1); 730 } 731 732 #ifdef notdef 733 static char *ttab[] = { 734 "Echo Reply", /* ip + seq + udata */ 735 "Dest Unreachable", /* net, host, proto, port, frag, sr + IP */ 736 "Source Quench", /* IP */ 737 "Redirect", /* redirect type, gateway, + IP */ 738 "Echo", 739 "Time Exceeded", /* transit, frag reassem + IP */ 740 "Parameter Problem", /* pointer + IP */ 741 "Timestamp", /* id + seq + three timestamps */ 742 "Timestamp Reply", /* " */ 743 "Info Request", /* id + sq */ 744 "Info Reply" /* " */ 745 }; 746 #endif 747 748 /* 749 * pr_icmph -- 750 * Print a descriptive string about an ICMP header. 751 */ 752 void 753 pr_icmph(icp) 754 struct icmp *icp; 755 { 756 switch(icp->icmp_type) { 757 case ICMP_ECHOREPLY: 758 (void)printf("Echo Reply\n"); 759 /* XXX ID + Seq + Data */ 760 break; 761 case ICMP_UNREACH: 762 switch(icp->icmp_code) { 763 case ICMP_UNREACH_NET: 764 (void)printf("Destination Net Unreachable\n"); 765 break; 766 case ICMP_UNREACH_HOST: 767 (void)printf("Destination Host Unreachable\n"); 768 break; 769 case ICMP_UNREACH_PROTOCOL: 770 (void)printf("Destination Protocol Unreachable\n"); 771 break; 772 case ICMP_UNREACH_PORT: 773 (void)printf("Destination Port Unreachable\n"); 774 break; 775 case ICMP_UNREACH_NEEDFRAG: 776 (void)printf("frag needed and DF set\n"); 777 break; 778 case ICMP_UNREACH_SRCFAIL: 779 (void)printf("Source Route Failed\n"); 780 break; 781 default: 782 (void)printf("Dest Unreachable, Bad Code: %d\n", 783 icp->icmp_code); 784 break; 785 } 786 /* Print returned IP header information */ 787 #ifndef icmp_data 788 pr_retip(&icp->icmp_ip); 789 #else 790 pr_retip((struct ip *)icp->icmp_data); 791 #endif 792 break; 793 case ICMP_SOURCEQUENCH: 794 (void)printf("Source Quench\n"); 795 #ifndef icmp_data 796 pr_retip(&icp->icmp_ip); 797 #else 798 pr_retip((struct ip *)icp->icmp_data); 799 #endif 800 break; 801 case ICMP_REDIRECT: 802 switch(icp->icmp_code) { 803 case ICMP_REDIRECT_NET: 804 (void)printf("Redirect Network"); 805 break; 806 case ICMP_REDIRECT_HOST: 807 (void)printf("Redirect Host"); 808 break; 809 case ICMP_REDIRECT_TOSNET: 810 (void)printf("Redirect Type of Service and Network"); 811 break; 812 case ICMP_REDIRECT_TOSHOST: 813 (void)printf("Redirect Type of Service and Host"); 814 break; 815 default: 816 (void)printf("Redirect, Bad Code: %d", icp->icmp_code); 817 break; 818 } 819 (void)printf("(New addr: 0x%08lx)\n", icp->icmp_gwaddr.s_addr); 820 #ifndef icmp_data 821 pr_retip(&icp->icmp_ip); 822 #else 823 pr_retip((struct ip *)icp->icmp_data); 824 #endif 825 break; 826 case ICMP_ECHO: 827 (void)printf("Echo Request\n"); 828 /* XXX ID + Seq + Data */ 829 break; 830 case ICMP_TIMXCEED: 831 switch(icp->icmp_code) { 832 case ICMP_TIMXCEED_INTRANS: 833 (void)printf("Time to live exceeded\n"); 834 break; 835 case ICMP_TIMXCEED_REASS: 836 (void)printf("Frag reassembly time exceeded\n"); 837 break; 838 default: 839 (void)printf("Time exceeded, Bad Code: %d\n", 840 icp->icmp_code); 841 break; 842 } 843 #ifndef icmp_data 844 pr_retip(&icp->icmp_ip); 845 #else 846 pr_retip((struct ip *)icp->icmp_data); 847 #endif 848 break; 849 case ICMP_PARAMPROB: 850 (void)printf("Parameter problem: pointer = 0x%02x\n", 851 icp->icmp_hun.ih_pptr); 852 #ifndef icmp_data 853 pr_retip(&icp->icmp_ip); 854 #else 855 pr_retip((struct ip *)icp->icmp_data); 856 #endif 857 break; 858 case ICMP_TSTAMP: 859 (void)printf("Timestamp\n"); 860 /* XXX ID + Seq + 3 timestamps */ 861 break; 862 case ICMP_TSTAMPREPLY: 863 (void)printf("Timestamp Reply\n"); 864 /* XXX ID + Seq + 3 timestamps */ 865 break; 866 case ICMP_IREQ: 867 (void)printf("Information Request\n"); 868 /* XXX ID + Seq */ 869 break; 870 case ICMP_IREQREPLY: 871 (void)printf("Information Reply\n"); 872 /* XXX ID + Seq */ 873 break; 874 #ifdef ICMP_MASKREQ 875 case ICMP_MASKREQ: 876 (void)printf("Address Mask Request\n"); 877 break; 878 #endif 879 #ifdef ICMP_MASKREPLY 880 case ICMP_MASKREPLY: 881 (void)printf("Address Mask Reply\n"); 882 break; 883 #endif 884 default: 885 (void)printf("Bad ICMP type: %d\n", icp->icmp_type); 886 } 887 } 888 889 /* 890 * pr_iph -- 891 * Print an IP header with options. 892 */ 893 void 894 pr_iph(ip) 895 struct ip *ip; 896 { 897 int hlen; 898 u_char *cp; 899 900 hlen = ip->ip_hl << 2; 901 cp = (u_char *)ip + 20; /* point to options */ 902 903 (void)printf("Vr HL TOS Len ID Flg off TTL Pro cks Src Dst Data\n"); 904 (void)printf(" %1x %1x %02x %04x %04x", 905 ip->ip_v, ip->ip_hl, ip->ip_tos, ip->ip_len, ip->ip_id); 906 (void)printf(" %1x %04x", ((ip->ip_off) & 0xe000) >> 13, 907 (ip->ip_off) & 0x1fff); 908 (void)printf(" %02x %02x %04x", ip->ip_ttl, ip->ip_p, ip->ip_sum); 909 (void)printf(" %s ", inet_ntoa(*(struct in_addr *)&ip->ip_src.s_addr)); 910 (void)printf(" %s ", inet_ntoa(*(struct in_addr *)&ip->ip_dst.s_addr)); 911 /* dump and option bytes */ 912 while (hlen-- > 20) { 913 (void)printf("%02x", *cp++); 914 } 915 (void)putchar('\n'); 916 } 917 918 /* 919 * pr_addr -- 920 * Return an ascii host address as a dotted quad and optionally with 921 * a hostname. 922 */ 923 char * 924 pr_addr(l) 925 u_long l; 926 { 927 struct hostent *hp; 928 static char buf[80]; 929 930 if ((options & F_NUMERIC) || 931 !(hp = gethostbyaddr((char *)&l, 4, AF_INET))) 932 (void)sprintf(buf, "%s", inet_ntoa(*(struct in_addr *)&l)); 933 else 934 (void)sprintf(buf, "%s (%s)", hp->h_name, 935 inet_ntoa(*(struct in_addr *)&l)); 936 return(buf); 937 } 938 939 /* 940 * pr_retip -- 941 * Dump some info on a returned (via ICMP) IP packet. 942 */ 943 void 944 pr_retip(ip) 945 struct ip *ip; 946 { 947 int hlen; 948 u_char *cp; 949 950 pr_iph(ip); 951 hlen = ip->ip_hl << 2; 952 cp = (u_char *)ip + hlen; 953 954 if (ip->ip_p == 6) 955 (void)printf("TCP: from port %u, to port %u (decimal)\n", 956 (*cp * 256 + *(cp + 1)), (*(cp + 2) * 256 + *(cp + 3))); 957 else if (ip->ip_p == 17) 958 (void)printf("UDP: from port %u, to port %u (decimal)\n", 959 (*cp * 256 + *(cp + 1)), (*(cp + 2) * 256 + *(cp + 3))); 960 } 961 962 void 963 fill(bp, patp) 964 char *bp, *patp; 965 { 966 register int ii, jj, kk; 967 int pat[16]; 968 char *cp; 969 970 for (cp = patp; *cp; cp++) 971 if (!isxdigit(*cp)) 972 errx(1, "patterns must be specified as hex digits"); 973 ii = sscanf(patp, 974 "%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x", 975 &pat[0], &pat[1], &pat[2], &pat[3], &pat[4], &pat[5], &pat[6], 976 &pat[7], &pat[8], &pat[9], &pat[10], &pat[11], &pat[12], 977 &pat[13], &pat[14], &pat[15]); 978 979 if (ii > 0) 980 for (kk = 0; 981 kk <= MAXPACKET - (8 + sizeof(struct timeval) + ii); 982 kk += ii) 983 for (jj = 0; jj < ii; ++jj) 984 bp[jj + kk] = pat[jj]; 985 if (!(options & F_QUIET)) { 986 (void)printf("PATTERN: 0x"); 987 for (jj = 0; jj < ii; ++jj) 988 (void)printf("%02x", bp[jj] & 0xFF); 989 (void)printf("\n"); 990 } 991 } 992 993 void 994 usage() 995 { 996 (void)fprintf(stderr, 997 "usage: ping [-dfLnqRrv] [-c count] [-I ifaddr] [-i wait] [-l preload]\n\t[-p pattern] [-s packetsize] [-t ttl] host\n"); 998 exit(1); 999 } 1000
Indexes created Tue Sep 30 20:09:53 GMT 2025