ping.c revision 1.19
1 /* $NetBSD: ping.c,v 1.19 1995/07/27 23:49:45 ghudson Exp $ */ 2 3 /* 4 * Copyright (c) 1989, 1993 5 * The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved. 6 * 7 * This code is derived from software contributed to Berkeley by 8 * Mike Muuss. 9 * 10 * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without 11 * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions 12 * are met: 13 * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright 14 * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. 15 * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright 16 * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the 17 * documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution. 18 * 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software 19 * must display the following acknowledgement: 20 * This product includes software developed by the University of 21 * California, Berkeley and its contributors. 22 * 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors 23 * may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software 24 * without specific prior written permission. 25 * 26 * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND 27 * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE 28 * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE 29 * ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE 30 * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL 31 * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS 32 * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) 33 * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT 34 * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY 35 * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF 36 * SUCH DAMAGE. 37 */ 38 39 #ifndef lint 40 static char copyright[] = 41 "@(#) Copyright (c) 1989, 1993\n\ 42 The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved.\n"; 43 #endif /* not lint */ 44 45 #ifndef lint 46 #if 0 47 static char sccsid[] = "@(#)ping.c 8.1 (Berkeley) 6/5/93"; 48 #else 49 static char rcsid[] = "$NetBSD: ping.c,v 1.19 1995/07/27 23:49:45 ghudson Exp $"; 50 #endif 51 #endif /* not lint */ 52 53 /* 54 * P I N G . C 55 * 56 * Using the InterNet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) "ECHO" facility, 57 * measure round-trip-delays and packet loss across network paths. 58 * 59 * Author - 60 * Mike Muuss 61 * U. S. Army Ballistic Research Laboratory 62 * December, 1983 63 * 64 * Status - 65 * Public Domain. Distribution Unlimited. 66 * Bugs - 67 * More statistics could always be gathered. 68 * This program has to run SUID to ROOT to access the ICMP socket. 69 */ 70 71 #include <sys/param.h> 72 #include <sys/queue.h> 73 #include <sys/socket.h> 74 #include <sys/file.h> 75 #include <sys/time.h> 76 77 #include <netinet/in_systm.h> 78 #include <netinet/in.h> 79 #include <netinet/ip.h> 80 #include <netinet/ip_icmp.h> 81 #include <netinet/ip_var.h> 82 #include <arpa/inet.h> 83 #include <netdb.h> 84 #include <signal.h> 85 #include <unistd.h> 86 #include <stdio.h> 87 #include <ctype.h> 88 #include <err.h> 89 #include <errno.h> 90 #include <string.h> 91 #include <stdlib.h> 92 93 #define DEFDATALEN (64 - 8) /* default data length */ 94 #define MAXIPLEN 60 95 #define MAXICMPLEN 76 96 #define MAXPACKET (65536 - 60 - 8)/* max packet size */ 97 #define MAXWAIT_DEFAULT 10 /* max seconds to wait for response */ 98 #define NROUTES 9 /* number of record route slots */ 99 100 #define A(bit) rcvd_tbl[(bit)>>3] /* identify byte in array */ 101 #define B(bit) (1 << ((bit) & 0x07)) /* identify bit in byte */ 102 #define SET(bit) (A(bit) |= B(bit)) 103 #define CLR(bit) (A(bit) &= (~B(bit))) 104 #define TST(bit) (A(bit) & B(bit)) 105 106 /* various options */ 107 int options; 108 #define F_FLOOD 0x001 109 #define F_INTERVAL 0x002 110 #define F_NUMERIC 0x004 111 #define F_PINGFILLED 0x008 112 #define F_QUIET 0x010 113 #define F_RROUTE 0x020 114 #define F_SO_DEBUG 0x040 115 #define F_SO_DONTROUTE 0x080 116 #define F_VERBOSE 0x100 117 #define F_SADDR 0x200 118 119 /* multicast options */ 120 int moptions; 121 #define MULTICAST_NOLOOP 0x001 122 #define MULTICAST_TTL 0x002 123 #define MULTICAST_IF 0x004 124 125 /* 126 * MAX_DUP_CHK is the number of bits in received table, i.e. the maximum 127 * number of received sequence numbers we can keep track of. Change 128 128 * to 8192 for complete accuracy... 129 */ 130 #define MAX_DUP_CHK (8 * 128) 131 int mx_dup_ck = MAX_DUP_CHK; 132 char rcvd_tbl[MAX_DUP_CHK / 8]; 133 134 struct sockaddr whereto; /* who to ping */ 135 struct sockaddr_in whence; /* Which interface we come from */ 136 int datalen = DEFDATALEN; 137 int s; /* socket file descriptor */ 138 u_char outpack[MAXPACKET]; 139 char BSPACE = '\b'; /* characters written for flood */ 140 char DOT = '.'; 141 char *hostname; 142 int ident; /* process id to identify our packets */ 143 144 /* counters */ 145 long npackets; /* max packets to transmit */ 146 long nreceived; /* # of packets we got back */ 147 long nrepeats; /* number of duplicates */ 148 long ntransmitted; /* sequence # for outbound packets = #sent */ 149 int interval = 1; /* interval between packets */ 150 151 /* timing */ 152 int timing; /* flag to do timing */ 153 int maxwait = MAXWAIT_DEFAULT; /* max seconds to wait for response */ 154 double tmin = 999999999.0; /* minimum round trip time */ 155 double tmax = 0.0; /* maximum round trip time */ 156 double tsum = 0.0; /* sum of all times, for doing average */ 157 158 void fill __P((char *, char *)); 159 void catcher(), finish(); 160 int in_cksum __P((u_short *, int)); 161 void pinger(); 162 char *pr_addr __P((u_long)); 163 void pr_icmph __P((struct icmp *)); 164 void pr_pack __P((char *, int, struct sockaddr_in *)); 165 void pr_retip __P((struct ip *)); 166 void usage(); 167 168 int 169 main(argc, argv) 170 int argc; 171 char **argv; 172 { 173 extern int errno, optind; 174 extern char *optarg; 175 struct timeval timeout; 176 struct hostent *hp; 177 struct sockaddr_in *to; 178 struct protoent *proto; 179 struct in_addr ifaddr, saddr; 180 register int i; 181 int ch, fdmask, hold, packlen, preload; 182 u_char *datap, *packet; 183 char *target, hnamebuf[MAXHOSTNAMELEN]; 184 u_char ttl, loop = 1; 185 #ifdef IP_OPTIONS 186 char rspace[3 + 4 * NROUTES + 1]; /* record route space */ 187 #endif 188 189 preload = 0; 190 datap = &outpack[8 + sizeof(struct timeval)]; 191 while ((ch = getopt(argc, argv, "I:LRS:c:dfh:i:l:np:qrs:t:vw:")) != EOF) 192 switch(ch) { 193 case 'c': 194 npackets = atoi(optarg); 195 if (npackets <= 0) 196 errx(1, "bad number of packets to transmit: %s", 197 optarg); 198 break; 199 case 'd': 200 options |= F_SO_DEBUG; 201 break; 202 case 'f': 203 if (getuid()) 204 errx(1, "%s", strerror(EPERM)); 205 options |= F_FLOOD; 206 setbuf(stdout, (char *)NULL); 207 break; 208 case 'I': 209 if (inet_aton(optarg, &ifaddr) == 0) 210 errx(1, "bad interface address: %s", optarg); 211 moptions |= MULTICAST_IF; 212 break; 213 case 'i': /* wait between sending packets */ 214 interval = atoi(optarg); 215 if (interval <= 0) 216 errx(1, "bad timing interval: %s", optarg); 217 options |= F_INTERVAL; 218 break; 219 case 'L': 220 moptions |= MULTICAST_NOLOOP; 221 loop = 0; 222 break; 223 case 'l': 224 preload = atoi(optarg); 225 if (preload < 0) 226 errx(1, "bad preload value: %s", optarg); 227 break; 228 case 'n': 229 options |= F_NUMERIC; 230 break; 231 case 'p': /* fill buffer with user pattern */ 232 options |= F_PINGFILLED; 233 fill((char *)datap, optarg); 234 break; 235 case 'q': 236 options |= F_QUIET; 237 break; 238 case 'R': 239 options |= F_RROUTE; 240 break; 241 case 'r': 242 options |= F_SO_DONTROUTE; 243 break; 244 case 'S': 245 if (inet_aton(optarg, &saddr) == 0) { 246 if ((hp = gethostbyname(optarg)) == NULL) 247 errx(1, "bad interface address: %s", 248 optarg); 249 memcpy(&saddr, hp->h_addr, sizeof(saddr)); 250 } 251 options |= F_SADDR; 252 break; 253 case 's': /* size of packet to send */ 254 datalen = atoi(optarg); 255 if (datalen <= 0) 256 errx(1, "bad packet size: %s", optarg); 257 if (datalen > MAXPACKET) 258 errx(1, "packet size too large: %s", optarg); 259 break; 260 case 't': 261 ttl = atoi(optarg); 262 if (ttl <= 0) 263 errx(1, "bad ttl value: %s", optarg); 264 if (ttl > 255) 265 errx(1, "ttl value too large: %s", optarg); 266 moptions |= MULTICAST_TTL; 267 break; 268 case 'v': 269 options |= F_VERBOSE; 270 break; 271 case 'w': 272 maxwait = atoi(optarg); 273 if (maxwait <= 0) 274 errx(1, "bad maxwait value: %s", optarg); 275 break; 276 default: 277 usage(); 278 } 279 argc -= optind; 280 argv += optind; 281 282 if (argc != 1) 283 usage(); 284 target = *argv; 285 286 memset(&whereto, 0, sizeof(struct sockaddr)); 287 to = (struct sockaddr_in *)&whereto; 288 to->sin_len = sizeof(struct sockaddr_in); 289 to->sin_family = AF_INET; 290 if (inet_aton(target, &to->sin_addr) != 0) 291 hostname = target; 292 else { 293 hp = gethostbyname(target); 294 if (!hp) 295 errx(1, "unknown host: %s", target); 296 to->sin_family = hp->h_addrtype; 297 memcpy(&to->sin_addr, hp->h_addr, hp->h_length); 298 (void)strncpy(hnamebuf, hp->h_name, sizeof(hnamebuf) - 1); 299 hostname = hnamebuf; 300 } 301 302 if (options & F_FLOOD && options & F_INTERVAL) 303 errx(1, "-f and -i options are incompatible"); 304 305 if (datalen >= sizeof(struct timeval)) /* can we time transfer */ 306 timing = 1; 307 packlen = datalen + MAXIPLEN + MAXICMPLEN; 308 if (!(packet = (u_char *)malloc((u_int)packlen))) 309 err(1, "malloc"); 310 if (!(options & F_PINGFILLED)) 311 for (i = 8; i < datalen; ++i) 312 *datap++ = i; 313 314 ident = getpid() & 0xFFFF; 315 316 if (!(proto = getprotobyname("icmp"))) 317 errx(1, "unknown protocol icmp"); 318 if ((s = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_RAW, proto->p_proto)) < 0) 319 err(1, "socket"); 320 hold = 1; 321 322 if (options & F_SADDR) { 323 memset(&whence, 0, sizeof(whence)); 324 whence.sin_len = sizeof(whence); 325 whence.sin_family = AF_INET; 326 memcpy(&whence.sin_addr.s_addr, &saddr, sizeof(saddr)); 327 if (bind(s, (struct sockaddr*)&whence, sizeof(whence)) < 0) 328 err(1, "bind"); 329 } 330 331 if (options & F_SO_DEBUG) 332 (void)setsockopt(s, SOL_SOCKET, SO_DEBUG, (char *)&hold, 333 sizeof(hold)); 334 if (options & F_SO_DONTROUTE) 335 (void)setsockopt(s, SOL_SOCKET, SO_DONTROUTE, (char *)&hold, 336 sizeof(hold)); 337 338 /* record route option */ 339 if (options & F_RROUTE) { 340 #ifdef IP_OPTIONS 341 rspace[IPOPT_OPTVAL] = IPOPT_RR; 342 rspace[IPOPT_OLEN] = sizeof(rspace)-1; 343 rspace[IPOPT_OFFSET] = IPOPT_MINOFF; 344 if (setsockopt(s, IPPROTO_IP, IP_OPTIONS, rspace, 345 sizeof(rspace)) < 0) { 346 perror("ping: record route"); 347 exit(1); 348 } 349 #else 350 errx(1, "record route not available in this implementation"); 351 #endif /* IP_OPTIONS */ 352 } 353 354 if ((moptions & MULTICAST_NOLOOP) && 355 setsockopt(s, IPPROTO_IP, IP_MULTICAST_LOOP, &loop, 356 sizeof(loop)) < 0) 357 err(1, "setsockopt IP_MULTICAST_LOOP"); 358 if ((moptions & MULTICAST_TTL) && 359 setsockopt(s, IPPROTO_IP, IP_MULTICAST_TTL, &ttl, 360 sizeof(ttl)) < 0) 361 err(1, "setsockopt IP_MULTICAST_TTL"); 362 if ((moptions & MULTICAST_IF) && 363 setsockopt(s, IPPROTO_IP, IP_MULTICAST_IF, &ifaddr, 364 sizeof(ifaddr)) < 0) 365 err(1, "setsockopt IP_MULTICAST_IF"); 366 367 /* 368 * When pinging the broadcast address, you can get a lot of answers. 369 * Doing something so evil is useful if you are trying to stress the 370 * ethernet, or just want to fill the arp cache to get some stuff for 371 * /etc/ethers. 372 */ 373 hold = 48 * 1024; 374 (void)setsockopt(s, SOL_SOCKET, SO_RCVBUF, (char *)&hold, 375 sizeof(hold)); 376 377 if (to->sin_family == AF_INET) 378 (void)printf("PING %s (%s): %d data bytes\n", hostname, 379 inet_ntoa(*(struct in_addr *)&to->sin_addr.s_addr), 380 datalen); 381 else 382 (void)printf("PING %s: %d data bytes\n", hostname, datalen); 383 384 (void)signal(SIGINT, finish); 385 (void)signal(SIGALRM, catcher); 386 387 while (preload--) /* fire off them quickies */ 388 pinger(); 389 390 if ((options & F_FLOOD) == 0) 391 catcher(); /* start things going */ 392 393 for (;;) { 394 struct sockaddr_in from; 395 register int cc; 396 int fromlen; 397 398 if (options & F_FLOOD) { 399 pinger(); 400 timeout.tv_sec = 0; 401 timeout.tv_usec = 10000; 402 fdmask = 1 << s; 403 if (select(s + 1, (fd_set *)&fdmask, (fd_set *)NULL, 404 (fd_set *)NULL, &timeout) < 1) 405 continue; 406 } 407 fromlen = sizeof(from); 408 if ((cc = recvfrom(s, (char *)packet, packlen, 0, 409 (struct sockaddr *)&from, &fromlen)) < 0) { 410 if (errno == EINTR) 411 continue; 412 perror("ping: recvfrom"); 413 continue; 414 } 415 pr_pack((char *)packet, cc, &from); 416 if (npackets && nreceived >= npackets) 417 break; 418 } 419 finish(); 420 /* NOTREACHED */ 421 exit(0); /* Make the compiler happy */ 422 } 423 424 /* 425 * catcher -- 426 * This routine causes another PING to be transmitted, and then 427 * schedules another SIGALRM for 1 second from now. 428 * 429 * bug -- 430 * Our sense of time will slowly skew (i.e., packets will not be 431 * launched exactly at 1-second intervals). This does not affect the 432 * quality of the delay and loss statistics. 433 */ 434 void 435 catcher() 436 { 437 int waittime; 438 439 pinger(); 440 (void)signal(SIGALRM, catcher); 441 if (!npackets || ntransmitted < npackets) 442 alarm((u_int)interval); 443 else { 444 if (nreceived) { 445 waittime = 2 * tmax / 1000; 446 if (!waittime) 447 waittime = 1; 448 } else 449 waittime = maxwait; 450 (void)signal(SIGALRM, finish); 451 (void)alarm((u_int)waittime); 452 } 453 } 454 455 /* 456 * pinger -- 457 * Compose and transmit an ICMP ECHO REQUEST packet. The IP packet 458 * will be added on by the kernel. The ID field is our UNIX process ID, 459 * and the sequence number is an ascending integer. The first 8 bytes 460 * of the data portion are used to hold a UNIX "timeval" struct in VAX 461 * byte-order, to compute the round-trip time. 462 */ 463 void 464 pinger() 465 { 466 register struct icmp *icp; 467 register int cc; 468 int i; 469 470 icp = (struct icmp *)outpack; 471 icp->icmp_type = ICMP_ECHO; 472 icp->icmp_code = 0; 473 icp->icmp_cksum = 0; 474 icp->icmp_seq = ntransmitted++; 475 icp->icmp_id = ident; /* ID */ 476 477 CLR(icp->icmp_seq % mx_dup_ck); 478 479 if (timing) 480 (void)gettimeofday((struct timeval *)&outpack[8], 481 (struct timezone *)NULL); 482 483 cc = datalen + 8; /* skips ICMP portion */ 484 485 /* compute ICMP checksum here */ 486 icp->icmp_cksum = in_cksum((u_short *)icp, cc); 487 488 i = sendto(s, (char *)outpack, cc, 0, &whereto, 489 sizeof(struct sockaddr)); 490 491 if (i < 0 || i != cc) { 492 if (i < 0) 493 perror("ping: sendto"); 494 (void)printf("ping: wrote %s %d chars, ret=%d\n", 495 hostname, cc, i); 496 } 497 if (!(options & F_QUIET) && options & F_FLOOD) 498 (void)write(STDOUT_FILENO, &DOT, 1); 499 } 500 501 /* 502 * pr_pack -- 503 * Print out the packet, if it came from us. This logic is necessary 504 * because ALL readers of the ICMP socket get a copy of ALL ICMP packets 505 * which arrive ('tis only fair). This permits multiple copies of this 506 * program to be run without having intermingled output (or statistics!). 507 */ 508 void 509 pr_pack(buf, cc, from) 510 char *buf; 511 int cc; 512 struct sockaddr_in *from; 513 { 514 register struct icmp *icp; 515 register u_long l; 516 register int i, j; 517 register u_char *cp,*dp; 518 static int old_rrlen; 519 static char old_rr[MAX_IPOPTLEN]; 520 struct ip *ip; 521 struct timeval tv, *tp; 522 double triptime; 523 int hlen, dupflag; 524 525 (void)gettimeofday(&tv, (struct timezone *)NULL); 526 527 /* Check the IP header */ 528 ip = (struct ip *)buf; 529 hlen = ip->ip_hl << 2; 530 if (cc < hlen + ICMP_MINLEN) { 531 if (options & F_VERBOSE) 532 warnx("packet too short (%d bytes) from %s", cc, 533 inet_ntoa(*(struct in_addr *)&from->sin_addr.s_addr)); 534 return; 535 } 536 537 /* Now the ICMP part */ 538 cc -= hlen; 539 icp = (struct icmp *)(buf + hlen); 540 if (icp->icmp_type == ICMP_ECHOREPLY) { 541 if (icp->icmp_id != ident) 542 return; /* 'Twas not our ECHO */ 543 ++nreceived; 544 if (timing) { 545 #ifndef icmp_data 546 tp = (struct timeval *)&icp->icmp_ip; 547 #else 548 tp = (struct timeval *)icp->icmp_data; 549 #endif 550 timersub(&tv, tp, &tv); 551 triptime = ((double)tv.tv_sec) * 1000.0 + 552 ((double)tv.tv_usec) / 1000.0; 553 tsum += triptime; 554 if (triptime < tmin) 555 tmin = triptime; 556 if (triptime > tmax) 557 tmax = triptime; 558 } 559 560 if (TST(icp->icmp_seq % mx_dup_ck)) { 561 ++nrepeats; 562 --nreceived; 563 dupflag = 1; 564 } else { 565 SET(icp->icmp_seq % mx_dup_ck); 566 dupflag = 0; 567 } 568 569 if (options & F_QUIET) 570 return; 571 572 if (options & F_FLOOD) 573 (void)write(STDOUT_FILENO, &BSPACE, 1); 574 else { 575 (void)printf("%d bytes from %s: icmp_seq=%u", cc, 576 inet_ntoa(*(struct in_addr *)&from->sin_addr.s_addr), 577 icp->icmp_seq); 578 (void)printf(" ttl=%d", ip->ip_ttl); 579 if (timing) 580 (void)printf(" time=%.3f ms", triptime); 581 if (dupflag) 582 (void)printf(" (DUP!)"); 583 /* check the data */ 584 cp = (u_char*)&icp->icmp_data[8]; 585 dp = &outpack[8 + sizeof(struct timeval)]; 586 for (i = 8; i < datalen; ++i, ++cp, ++dp) { 587 if (*cp != *dp) { 588 (void)printf("\nwrong data byte #%d should be 0x%x but was 0x%x", 589 i, *dp, *cp); 590 cp = (u_char*)&icp->icmp_data[0]; 591 for (i = 8; i < datalen; ++i, ++cp) { 592 if ((i % 32) == 8) 593 (void)printf("\n\t"); 594 (void)printf("%x ", *cp); 595 } 596 break; 597 } 598 } 599 } 600 } else { 601 /* We've got something other than an ECHOREPLY */ 602 if (!(options & F_VERBOSE)) 603 return; 604 (void)printf("%d bytes from %s: ", cc, 605 pr_addr(from->sin_addr.s_addr)); 606 pr_icmph(icp); 607 } 608 609 /* Display any IP options */ 610 cp = (u_char *)buf + sizeof(struct ip); 611 612 for (; hlen > (int)sizeof(struct ip); --hlen, ++cp) 613 switch (*cp) { 614 case IPOPT_EOL: 615 hlen = 0; 616 break; 617 case IPOPT_LSRR: 618 (void)printf("\nLSRR: "); 619 hlen -= 2; 620 j = *++cp; 621 ++cp; 622 if (j > IPOPT_MINOFF) 623 for (;;) { 624 l = *++cp; 625 l = (l<<8) + *++cp; 626 l = (l<<8) + *++cp; 627 l = (l<<8) + *++cp; 628 if (l == 0) 629 (void)printf("\t0.0.0.0"); 630 else 631 (void)printf("\t%s", pr_addr(ntohl(l))); 632 hlen -= 4; 633 j -= 4; 634 if (j <= IPOPT_MINOFF) 635 break; 636 (void)putchar('\n'); 637 } 638 break; 639 case IPOPT_RR: 640 j = *++cp; /* get length */ 641 i = *++cp; /* and pointer */ 642 hlen -= 2; 643 if (i > j) 644 i = j; 645 i -= IPOPT_MINOFF; 646 if (i <= 0) 647 continue; 648 if (i == old_rrlen 649 && cp == (u_char *)buf + sizeof(struct ip) + 2 650 && !memcmp(cp, old_rr, i) 651 && !(options & F_FLOOD)) { 652 (void)printf("\t(same route)"); 653 i = ((i + 3) / 4) * 4; 654 hlen -= i; 655 cp += i; 656 break; 657 } 658 old_rrlen = i; 659 memcpy(old_rr, cp, i); 660 (void)printf("\nRR: "); 661 for (;;) { 662 l = *++cp; 663 l = (l<<8) + *++cp; 664 l = (l<<8) + *++cp; 665 l = (l<<8) + *++cp; 666 if (l == 0) 667 (void)printf("\t0.0.0.0"); 668 else 669 (void)printf("\t%s", pr_addr(ntohl(l))); 670 hlen -= 4; 671 i -= 4; 672 if (i <= 0) 673 break; 674 (void)putchar('\n'); 675 } 676 break; 677 case IPOPT_NOP: 678 (void)printf("\nNOP"); 679 break; 680 default: 681 (void)printf("\nunknown option %x", *cp); 682 break; 683 } 684 if (!(options & F_FLOOD)) { 685 (void)putchar('\n'); 686 (void)fflush(stdout); 687 } 688 } 689 690 /* 691 * in_cksum -- 692 * Checksum routine for Internet Protocol family headers (C Version) 693 */ 694 int 695 in_cksum(addr, len) 696 u_short *addr; 697 int len; 698 { 699 register int nleft = len; 700 register u_short *w = addr; 701 register int sum = 0; 702 u_short answer = 0; 703 704 /* 705 * Our algorithm is simple, using a 32 bit accumulator (sum), we add 706 * sequential 16 bit words to it, and at the end, fold back all the 707 * carry bits from the top 16 bits into the lower 16 bits. 708 */ 709 while (nleft > 1) { 710 sum += *w++; 711 nleft -= 2; 712 } 713 714 /* mop up an odd byte, if necessary */ 715 if (nleft == 1) { 716 *(u_char *)(&answer) = *(u_char *)w ; 717 sum += answer; 718 } 719 720 /* add back carry outs from top 16 bits to low 16 bits */ 721 sum = (sum >> 16) + (sum & 0xffff); /* add hi 16 to low 16 */ 722 sum += (sum >> 16); /* add carry */ 723 answer = ~sum; /* truncate to 16 bits */ 724 return(answer); 725 } 726 727 /* 728 * finish -- 729 * Print out statistics, and give up. 730 */ 731 void 732 finish() 733 { 734 register int i; 735 736 (void)signal(SIGINT, SIG_IGN); 737 (void)putchar('\n'); 738 (void)fflush(stdout); 739 (void)printf("--- %s ping statistics ---\n", hostname); 740 (void)printf("%ld packets transmitted, ", ntransmitted); 741 (void)printf("%ld packets received, ", nreceived); 742 if (nrepeats) 743 (void)printf("+%ld duplicates, ", nrepeats); 744 if (ntransmitted) 745 if (nreceived > ntransmitted) 746 (void)printf("-- somebody's printing up packets!"); 747 else 748 (void)printf("%d%% packet loss", 749 (int) (((ntransmitted - nreceived) * 100) / 750 ntransmitted)); 751 (void)putchar('\n'); 752 if (nreceived && timing) { 753 /* Only display average to microseconds */ 754 i = 1000.0 * tsum / (nreceived + nrepeats); 755 (void)printf("round-trip min/avg/max = %.3f/%.3f/%.3f ms\n", 756 tmin, ((double)i) / 1000.0, tmax); 757 } 758 exit(nreceived ? 0 : 1); 759 } 760 761 #ifdef notdef 762 static char *ttab[] = { 763 "Echo Reply", /* ip + seq + udata */ 764 "Dest Unreachable", /* net, host, proto, port, frag, sr + IP */ 765 "Source Quench", /* IP */ 766 "Redirect", /* redirect type, gateway, + IP */ 767 "Echo", 768 "Time Exceeded", /* transit, frag reassem + IP */ 769 "Parameter Problem", /* pointer + IP */ 770 "Timestamp", /* id + seq + three timestamps */ 771 "Timestamp Reply", /* " */ 772 "Info Request", /* id + sq */ 773 "Info Reply" /* " */ 774 }; 775 #endif 776 777 /* 778 * pr_icmph -- 779 * Print a descriptive string about an ICMP header. 780 */ 781 void 782 pr_icmph(icp) 783 struct icmp *icp; 784 { 785 switch(icp->icmp_type) { 786 case ICMP_ECHOREPLY: 787 (void)printf("Echo Reply\n"); 788 /* XXX ID + Seq + Data */ 789 break; 790 case ICMP_UNREACH: 791 switch(icp->icmp_code) { 792 case ICMP_UNREACH_NET: 793 (void)printf("Destination Net Unreachable\n"); 794 break; 795 case ICMP_UNREACH_HOST: 796 (void)printf("Destination Host Unreachable\n"); 797 break; 798 case ICMP_UNREACH_PROTOCOL: 799 (void)printf("Destination Protocol Unreachable\n"); 800 break; 801 case ICMP_UNREACH_PORT: 802 (void)printf("Destination Port Unreachable\n"); 803 break; 804 case ICMP_UNREACH_NEEDFRAG: 805 (void)printf("frag needed and DF set\n"); 806 break; 807 case ICMP_UNREACH_SRCFAIL: 808 (void)printf("Source Route Failed\n"); 809 break; 810 default: 811 (void)printf("Dest Unreachable, Bad Code: %d\n", 812 icp->icmp_code); 813 break; 814 } 815 /* Print returned IP header information */ 816 #ifndef icmp_data 817 pr_retip(&icp->icmp_ip); 818 #else 819 pr_retip((struct ip *)icp->icmp_data); 820 #endif 821 break; 822 case ICMP_SOURCEQUENCH: 823 (void)printf("Source Quench\n"); 824 #ifndef icmp_data 825 pr_retip(&icp->icmp_ip); 826 #else 827 pr_retip((struct ip *)icp->icmp_data); 828 #endif 829 break; 830 case ICMP_REDIRECT: 831 switch(icp->icmp_code) { 832 case ICMP_REDIRECT_NET: 833 (void)printf("Redirect Network"); 834 break; 835 case ICMP_REDIRECT_HOST: 836 (void)printf("Redirect Host"); 837 break; 838 case ICMP_REDIRECT_TOSNET: 839 (void)printf("Redirect Type of Service and Network"); 840 break; 841 case ICMP_REDIRECT_TOSHOST: 842 (void)printf("Redirect Type of Service and Host"); 843 break; 844 default: 845 (void)printf("Redirect, Bad Code: %d", icp->icmp_code); 846 break; 847 } 848 (void)printf("(New addr: 0x%08lx)\n", icp->icmp_gwaddr.s_addr); 849 #ifndef icmp_data 850 pr_retip(&icp->icmp_ip); 851 #else 852 pr_retip((struct ip *)icp->icmp_data); 853 #endif 854 break; 855 case ICMP_ECHO: 856 (void)printf("Echo Request\n"); 857 /* XXX ID + Seq + Data */ 858 break; 859 case ICMP_TIMXCEED: 860 switch(icp->icmp_code) { 861 case ICMP_TIMXCEED_INTRANS: 862 (void)printf("Time to live exceeded\n"); 863 break; 864 case ICMP_TIMXCEED_REASS: 865 (void)printf("Frag reassembly time exceeded\n"); 866 break; 867 default: 868 (void)printf("Time exceeded, Bad Code: %d\n", 869 icp->icmp_code); 870 break; 871 } 872 #ifndef icmp_data 873 pr_retip(&icp->icmp_ip); 874 #else 875 pr_retip((struct ip *)icp->icmp_data); 876 #endif 877 break; 878 case ICMP_PARAMPROB: 879 (void)printf("Parameter problem: pointer = 0x%02x\n", 880 icp->icmp_hun.ih_pptr); 881 #ifndef icmp_data 882 pr_retip(&icp->icmp_ip); 883 #else 884 pr_retip((struct ip *)icp->icmp_data); 885 #endif 886 break; 887 case ICMP_TSTAMP: 888 (void)printf("Timestamp\n"); 889 /* XXX ID + Seq + 3 timestamps */ 890 break; 891 case ICMP_TSTAMPREPLY: 892 (void)printf("Timestamp Reply\n"); 893 /* XXX ID + Seq + 3 timestamps */ 894 break; 895 case ICMP_IREQ: 896 (void)printf("Information Request\n"); 897 /* XXX ID + Seq */ 898 break; 899 case ICMP_IREQREPLY: 900 (void)printf("Information Reply\n"); 901 /* XXX ID + Seq */ 902 break; 903 #ifdef ICMP_MASKREQ 904 case ICMP_MASKREQ: 905 (void)printf("Address Mask Request\n"); 906 break; 907 #endif 908 #ifdef ICMP_MASKREPLY 909 case ICMP_MASKREPLY: 910 (void)printf("Address Mask Reply\n"); 911 break; 912 #endif 913 default: 914 (void)printf("Bad ICMP type: %d\n", icp->icmp_type); 915 } 916 } 917 918 /* 919 * pr_iph -- 920 * Print an IP header with options. 921 */ 922 void 923 pr_iph(ip) 924 struct ip *ip; 925 { 926 int hlen; 927 u_char *cp; 928 929 hlen = ip->ip_hl << 2; 930 cp = (u_char *)ip + 20; /* point to options */ 931 932 (void)printf("Vr HL TOS Len ID Flg off TTL Pro cks Src Dst Data\n"); 933 (void)printf(" %1x %1x %02x %04x %04x", 934 ip->ip_v, ip->ip_hl, ip->ip_tos, ip->ip_len, ip->ip_id); 935 (void)printf(" %1x %04x", ((ip->ip_off) & 0xe000) >> 13, 936 (ip->ip_off) & 0x1fff); 937 (void)printf(" %02x %02x %04x", ip->ip_ttl, ip->ip_p, ip->ip_sum); 938 (void)printf(" %s ", inet_ntoa(*(struct in_addr *)&ip->ip_src.s_addr)); 939 (void)printf(" %s ", inet_ntoa(*(struct in_addr *)&ip->ip_dst.s_addr)); 940 /* dump and option bytes */ 941 while (hlen-- > 20) { 942 (void)printf("%02x", *cp++); 943 } 944 (void)putchar('\n'); 945 } 946 947 /* 948 * pr_addr -- 949 * Return an ascii host address as a dotted quad and optionally with 950 * a hostname. 951 */ 952 char * 953 pr_addr(l) 954 u_long l; 955 { 956 struct hostent *hp; 957 static char buf[80]; 958 959 if ((options & F_NUMERIC) || 960 !(hp = gethostbyaddr((char *)&l, 4, AF_INET))) 961 (void)sprintf(buf, "%s", inet_ntoa(*(struct in_addr *)&l)); 962 else 963 (void)sprintf(buf, "%s (%s)", hp->h_name, 964 inet_ntoa(*(struct in_addr *)&l)); 965 return(buf); 966 } 967 968 /* 969 * pr_retip -- 970 * Dump some info on a returned (via ICMP) IP packet. 971 */ 972 void 973 pr_retip(ip) 974 struct ip *ip; 975 { 976 int hlen; 977 u_char *cp; 978 979 pr_iph(ip); 980 hlen = ip->ip_hl << 2; 981 cp = (u_char *)ip + hlen; 982 983 if (ip->ip_p == 6) 984 (void)printf("TCP: from port %u, to port %u (decimal)\n", 985 (*cp * 256 + *(cp + 1)), (*(cp + 2) * 256 + *(cp + 3))); 986 else if (ip->ip_p == 17) 987 (void)printf("UDP: from port %u, to port %u (decimal)\n", 988 (*cp * 256 + *(cp + 1)), (*(cp + 2) * 256 + *(cp + 3))); 989 } 990 991 void 992 fill(bp, patp) 993 char *bp, *patp; 994 { 995 register int ii, jj, kk; 996 int pat[16]; 997 char *cp; 998 999 for (cp = patp; *cp; cp++) 1000 if (!isxdigit(*cp)) 1001 errx(1, "patterns must be specified as hex digits"); 1002 ii = sscanf(patp, 1003 "%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x", 1004 &pat[0], &pat[1], &pat[2], &pat[3], &pat[4], &pat[5], &pat[6], 1005 &pat[7], &pat[8], &pat[9], &pat[10], &pat[11], &pat[12], 1006 &pat[13], &pat[14], &pat[15]); 1007 1008 if (ii > 0) 1009 for (kk = 0; 1010 kk <= MAXPACKET - (8 + sizeof(struct timeval) + ii); 1011 kk += ii) 1012 for (jj = 0; jj < ii; ++jj) 1013 bp[jj + kk] = pat[jj]; 1014 if (!(options & F_QUIET)) { 1015 (void)printf("PATTERN: 0x"); 1016 for (jj = 0; jj < ii; ++jj) 1017 (void)printf("%02x", bp[jj] & 0xFF); 1018 (void)printf("\n"); 1019 } 1020 } 1021 1022 void 1023 usage() 1024 { 1025 (void)fprintf(stderr, 1026 "usage: ping [-dfLnqRrv] [-c count] [-I ifaddr] [ -S ifaddr ] [-i wait]\n\t[-l preload] [-p pattern] [-s packetsize] [-t ttl] [-w maxwait] host\n"); 1027 exit(1); 1028 } 1029
Indexes created Tue Sep 30 20:09:53 GMT 2025