ping.c revision 1.47
1 /* $NetBSD: ping.c,v 1.47 1999/03/08 01:16:20 sommerfe Exp $ */ 2 3 /* 4 * Copyright (c) 1989, 1993 5 * The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved. 6 * 7 * This code is derived from software contributed to Berkeley by 8 * Mike Muuss. 9 * 10 * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without 11 * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions 12 * are met: 13 * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright 14 * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. 15 * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright 16 * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the 17 * documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution. 18 * 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software 19 * must display the following acknowledgement: 20 * This product includes software developed by the University of 21 * California, Berkeley and its contributors. 22 * 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors 23 * may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software 24 * without specific prior written permission. 25 * 26 * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND 27 * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE 28 * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE 29 * ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE 30 * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL 31 * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS 32 * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) 33 * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT 34 * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY 35 * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF 36 * SUCH DAMAGE. 37 */ 38 39 /* 40 * P I N G . C 41 * 42 * Using the InterNet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) "ECHO" facility, 43 * measure round-trip-delays and packet loss across network paths. 44 * 45 * Author - 46 * Mike Muuss 47 * U. S. Army Ballistic Research Laboratory 48 * December, 1983 49 * Modified at Uc Berkeley 50 * Record Route and verbose headers - Phil Dykstra, BRL, March 1988. 51 * Multicast options (ttl, if, loop) - Steve Deering, Stanford, August 1988. 52 * ttl, duplicate detection - Cliff Frost, UCB, April 1989 53 * Pad pattern - Cliff Frost (from Tom Ferrin, UCSF), April 1989 54 * 55 * Status - 56 * Public Domain. Distribution Unlimited. 57 * 58 * Bugs - 59 * More statistics could always be gathered. 60 * This program has to run SUID to ROOT to access the ICMP socket. 61 */ 62 63 #include <sys/cdefs.h> 64 #ifndef lint 65 __RCSID("$NetBSD: ping.c,v 1.47 1999/03/08 01:16:20 sommerfe Exp $"); 66 #endif 67 68 #include <stdio.h> 69 #include <errno.h> 70 #include <sys/time.h> 71 #include <sys/types.h> 72 #include <sys/signal.h> 73 #include <sys/param.h> 74 #include <sys/socket.h> 75 #include <sys/file.h> 76 #include <termios.h> 77 #include <stdlib.h> 78 #include <unistd.h> 79 #include <limits.h> 80 #include <math.h> 81 #include <string.h> 82 #include <err.h> 83 #ifdef sgi 84 #include <bstring.h> 85 #include <getopt.h> 86 #include <sys/prctl.h> 87 #ifndef PRE_KUDZU 88 #include <cap_net.h> 89 #else 90 #define cap_socket socket 91 #endif 92 #else 93 #define cap_socket socket 94 #include <err.h> 95 #endif 96 97 #include <netinet/in_systm.h> 98 #include <netinet/in.h> 99 #include <netinet/ip.h> 100 #include <netinet/ip_icmp.h> 101 #include <netinet/ip_var.h> 102 #include <arpa/inet.h> 103 #include <ctype.h> 104 #include <netdb.h> 105 106 #define FLOOD_INTVL 0.01 /* default flood output interval */ 107 #define MAXPACKET (65536-60-8) /* max packet size */ 108 109 #define F_VERBOSE 0x0001 110 #define F_QUIET 0x0002 /* minimize all output */ 111 #define F_SEMI_QUIET 0x0004 /* ignore our ICMP errors */ 112 #define F_FLOOD 0x0008 /* flood-ping */ 113 #define F_RECORD_ROUTE 0x0010 /* record route */ 114 #define F_SOURCE_ROUTE 0x0020 /* loose source route */ 115 #define F_PING_FILLED 0x0040 /* is buffer filled with user data? */ 116 #define F_PING_RANDOM 0x0080 /* use random data */ 117 #define F_NUMERIC 0x0100 /* do not do gethostbyaddr() calls */ 118 #define F_TIMING 0x0200 /* room for a timestamp */ 119 #define F_DF 0x0400 /* set IP DF bit */ 120 #define F_SOURCE_ADDR 0x0800 /* set source IP address/interface */ 121 #define F_ONCE 0x1000 /* exit(0) after receiving 1 reply */ 122 #define F_MCAST 0x2000 /* multicast target */ 123 #define F_MCAST_NOLOOP 0x4000 /* no multicast loopback */ 124 125 126 /* MAX_DUP_CHK is the number of bits in received table, the 127 * maximum number of received sequence numbers we can track to check 128 * for duplicates. 129 */ 130 #define MAX_DUP_CHK (8 * 2048) 131 u_char rcvd_tbl[MAX_DUP_CHK/8]; 132 int nrepeats = 0; 133 #define A(seq) rcvd_tbl[(seq/8)%sizeof(rcvd_tbl)] /* byte in array */ 134 #define B(seq) (1 << (seq & 0x07)) /* bit in byte */ 135 #define SET(seq) (A(seq) |= B(seq)) 136 #define CLR(seq) (A(seq) &= (~B(seq))) 137 #define TST(seq) (A(seq) & B(seq)) 138 139 140 141 u_char *packet; 142 int packlen; 143 int pingflags = 0, options; 144 char *fill_pat; 145 146 int s; /* Socket file descriptor */ 147 148 #define PHDR_LEN sizeof(struct timeval) /* size of timestamp header */ 149 struct sockaddr_in whereto, send_addr; /* Who to ping */ 150 struct sockaddr_in src_addr; /* from where */ 151 struct sockaddr_in loc_addr; /* 127.1 */ 152 int datalen = 64-PHDR_LEN; /* How much data */ 153 154 #ifdef sgi 155 static char *__progname; 156 #else 157 extern char *__progname; 158 #endif 159 160 161 char hostname[MAXHOSTNAMELEN]; 162 163 static struct { 164 struct ip o_ip; 165 char o_opt[MAX_IPOPTLEN]; 166 union { 167 u_char u_buf[MAXPACKET]; 168 struct icmp u_icmp; 169 } o_u; 170 } out_pack; 171 #define opack_icmp out_pack.o_u.u_icmp 172 struct ip *opack_ip; 173 174 char optspace[MAX_IPOPTLEN]; /* record route space */ 175 int optlen; 176 177 178 int npackets; /* total packets to send */ 179 int preload; /* number of packets to "preload" */ 180 int ntransmitted; /* output sequence # = #sent */ 181 int ident; /* our ID, in network byte order */ 182 183 int nreceived; /* # of packets we got back */ 184 185 double interval; /* interval between packets */ 186 struct timeval interval_tv; 187 double tmin = 999999999.0; 188 double tmax = 0.0; 189 double tsum = 0.0; /* sum of all times */ 190 double tsumsq = 0.0; 191 double maxwait = 0.0; 192 193 #ifdef SIGINFO 194 int reset_kerninfo; 195 #endif 196 197 int bufspace = 60*1024; 198 199 struct timeval now, clear_cache, last_tx, next_tx, first_tx; 200 struct timeval last_rx, first_rx; 201 int lastrcvd = 1; /* last ping sent has been received */ 202 203 static struct timeval jiggle_time; 204 static int jiggle_cnt, total_jiggled, jiggle_direction = -1; 205 206 static void doit(void); 207 static void prefinish(int); 208 static void prtsig(int); 209 static void finish(int); 210 static void summary(int); 211 static void pinger(void); 212 static void fill(void); 213 static void rnd_fill(void); 214 static double diffsec(struct timeval *, struct timeval *); 215 static void timevaladd(struct timeval *, struct timeval *); 216 static void sec_to_timeval(const double, struct timeval *); 217 static double timeval_to_sec(const struct timeval *); 218 static void pr_pack(u_char *, int, struct sockaddr_in *); 219 static u_short in_cksum(u_short *, u_int); 220 static void pr_saddr(char *, u_char *); 221 static char *pr_addr(struct in_addr *); 222 static void pr_iph(struct icmp *, int); 223 static void pr_retip(struct icmp *, int); 224 static int pr_icmph(struct icmp *, struct sockaddr_in *, int); 225 static void jiggle(int), jiggle_flush(int); 226 static void gethost(const char *, const char *, 227 struct sockaddr_in *, char *, int); 228 static void usage(void); 229 230 231 int 232 main(int argc, char *argv[]) 233 { 234 int c, i, on = 1, hostind = 0; 235 long l; 236 u_char ttl = 0; 237 u_long tos = 0; 238 char *p; 239 #ifdef SIGINFO 240 struct termios ts; 241 #endif 242 243 244 #if defined(SIGINFO) && defined(NOKERNINFO) 245 if (tcgetattr (0, &ts) != -1) { 246 reset_kerninfo = !(ts.c_lflag & NOKERNINFO); 247 ts.c_lflag |= NOKERNINFO; 248 tcsetattr (0, TCSANOW, &ts); 249 } 250 #endif 251 #ifdef sgi 252 __progname = argv[0]; 253 #endif 254 while ((c = getopt(argc, argv, 255 "c:dDfg:h:i:I:l:Lnop:PqQrRs:t:T:vw:")) != -1) { 256 switch (c) { 257 case 'c': 258 npackets = strtol(optarg, &p, 0); 259 if (*p != '\0' || npackets <= 0) 260 errx(1, "Bad/invalid number of packets"); 261 break; 262 case 'D': 263 pingflags |= F_DF; 264 break; 265 case 'd': 266 options |= SO_DEBUG; 267 break; 268 case 'f': 269 pingflags |= F_FLOOD; 270 break; 271 case 'h': 272 hostind = optind-1; 273 break; 274 case 'i': /* wait between sending packets */ 275 interval = strtod(optarg, &p); 276 if (*p != '\0' || interval <= 0) 277 errx(1, "Bad/invalid interval %s", optarg); 278 break; 279 case 'l': 280 preload = strtol(optarg, &p, 0); 281 if (*p != '\0' || preload < 0) 282 errx(1, "Bad/invalid preload value %s", 283 optarg); 284 break; 285 case 'n': 286 pingflags |= F_NUMERIC; 287 break; 288 case 'o': 289 pingflags |= F_ONCE; 290 break; 291 case 'p': /* fill buffer with user pattern */ 292 if (pingflags & F_PING_RANDOM) 293 errx(1, "Only one of -P and -p allowed"); 294 pingflags |= F_PING_FILLED; 295 fill_pat = optarg; 296 break; 297 case 'P': 298 if (pingflags & F_PING_FILLED) 299 errx(1, "Only one of -P and -p allowed"); 300 pingflags |= F_PING_RANDOM; 301 break; 302 case 'q': 303 pingflags |= F_QUIET; 304 break; 305 case 'Q': 306 pingflags |= F_SEMI_QUIET; 307 break; 308 case 'r': 309 options |= SO_DONTROUTE; 310 break; 311 case 's': /* size of packet to send */ 312 datalen = strtol(optarg, &p, 0); 313 if (*p != '\0' || datalen <= 0) 314 errx(1, "Bad/invalid packet size %s", optarg); 315 if (datalen > MAXPACKET) 316 errx(1, "packet size is too large"); 317 break; 318 case 'v': 319 pingflags |= F_VERBOSE; 320 break; 321 case 'R': 322 pingflags |= F_RECORD_ROUTE; 323 break; 324 case 'L': 325 pingflags |= F_MCAST_NOLOOP; 326 break; 327 case 't': 328 tos = strtoul(optarg, &p, 0); 329 if (*p != '\0' || tos > 0xFF) 330 errx(1, "bad tos value: %s", optarg); 331 break; 332 case 'T': 333 l = strtol(optarg, &p, 0); 334 if (*p != '\0' || l > 255 || l <= 0) 335 errx(1, "ttl out of range"); 336 ttl = (u_char)l; /* cannot check >255 otherwise */ 337 break; 338 case 'I': 339 pingflags |= F_SOURCE_ADDR; 340 gethost("-I", optarg, &src_addr, 0, 0); 341 break; 342 case 'g': 343 pingflags |= F_SOURCE_ROUTE; 344 gethost("-g", optarg, &send_addr, 0, 0); 345 break; 346 case 'w': 347 maxwait = strtod(optarg, &p); 348 if (*p != '\0' || maxwait <= 0) 349 errx(1, "Bad/invalid maxwait time %s", optarg); 350 break; 351 default: 352 usage(); 353 break; 354 } 355 } 356 357 if (interval == 0) 358 interval = (pingflags & F_FLOOD) ? FLOOD_INTVL : 1.0; 359 #ifndef sgi 360 if (pingflags & F_FLOOD && getuid()) 361 errx(1, "Must be superuser to use -f"); 362 if (interval < 1.0 && getuid()) 363 errx(1, "Must be superuser to use < 1 sec ping interval"); 364 if (preload > 0 && getuid()) 365 errx(1, "Must be superuser to use -l"); 366 #endif 367 sec_to_timeval(interval, &interval_tv); 368 369 if (npackets != 0) { 370 npackets += preload; 371 } else { 372 npackets = INT_MAX; 373 } 374 375 if (hostind == 0) { 376 if (optind != argc-1) 377 usage(); 378 else 379 hostind = optind; 380 } 381 else if (hostind >= argc - 1) 382 usage(); 383 384 gethost("", argv[hostind], &whereto, hostname, sizeof(hostname)); 385 if (IN_MULTICAST(ntohl(whereto.sin_addr.s_addr))) 386 pingflags |= F_MCAST; 387 if (!(pingflags & F_SOURCE_ROUTE)) 388 (void) memcpy(&send_addr, &whereto, sizeof(send_addr)); 389 390 loc_addr.sin_family = AF_INET; 391 loc_addr.sin_addr.s_addr = htonl((127<<24)+1); 392 393 if (datalen >= PHDR_LEN) /* can we time them? */ 394 pingflags |= F_TIMING; 395 packlen = datalen + 60 + 76; /* MAXIP + MAXICMP */ 396 if ((packet = (u_char *)malloc(packlen)) == NULL) 397 err(1, "Out of memory"); 398 399 if (pingflags & F_PING_FILLED) { 400 fill(); 401 } else if (pingflags & F_PING_RANDOM) { 402 rnd_fill(); 403 } else { 404 for (i = PHDR_LEN; i < datalen; i++) 405 opack_icmp.icmp_data[i] = i; 406 } 407 408 ident = htons(getpid()) & 0xFFFF; 409 410 if ((s = cap_socket(AF_INET, SOCK_RAW, IPPROTO_ICMP)) < 0) 411 err(1, "Cannot create socket"); 412 if (options & SO_DEBUG) { 413 if (setsockopt(s, SOL_SOCKET, SO_DEBUG, 414 (char *)&on, sizeof(on)) == -1) 415 warn("Can't turn on socket debugging"); 416 } 417 if (options & SO_DONTROUTE) { 418 if (setsockopt(s, SOL_SOCKET, SO_DONTROUTE, 419 (char *)&on, sizeof(on)) == -1) 420 warn("SO_DONTROUTE"); 421 } 422 423 if (pingflags & F_SOURCE_ROUTE) { 424 optspace[IPOPT_OPTVAL] = IPOPT_LSRR; 425 optspace[IPOPT_OLEN] = optlen = 7; 426 optspace[IPOPT_OFFSET] = IPOPT_MINOFF; 427 (void)memcpy(&optspace[IPOPT_MINOFF-1], &whereto.sin_addr, 428 sizeof(whereto.sin_addr)); 429 optspace[optlen++] = IPOPT_NOP; 430 } 431 if (pingflags & F_RECORD_ROUTE) { 432 optspace[optlen+IPOPT_OPTVAL] = IPOPT_RR; 433 optspace[optlen+IPOPT_OLEN] = (MAX_IPOPTLEN -1-optlen); 434 optspace[optlen+IPOPT_OFFSET] = IPOPT_MINOFF; 435 optlen = MAX_IPOPTLEN; 436 } 437 /* this leaves opack_ip 0(mod 4) aligned */ 438 opack_ip = (struct ip *)((char *)&out_pack.o_ip 439 + sizeof(out_pack.o_opt) 440 - optlen); 441 (void) memcpy(opack_ip + 1, optspace, optlen); 442 443 if (setsockopt(s,IPPROTO_IP,IP_HDRINCL, (char *) &on, sizeof(on)) < 0) 444 err(1, "Can't set special IP header"); 445 446 opack_ip->ip_v = IPVERSION; 447 opack_ip->ip_hl = (sizeof(struct ip)+optlen) >> 2; 448 opack_ip->ip_tos = tos; 449 opack_ip->ip_off = (pingflags & F_DF) ? IP_DF : 0; 450 opack_ip->ip_ttl = ttl ? ttl : MAXTTL; 451 opack_ip->ip_p = IPPROTO_ICMP; 452 opack_ip->ip_src = src_addr.sin_addr; 453 opack_ip->ip_dst = send_addr.sin_addr; 454 455 if (pingflags & F_MCAST) { 456 if (pingflags & F_MCAST_NOLOOP) { 457 u_char loop = 0; 458 if (setsockopt(s, IPPROTO_IP, IP_MULTICAST_LOOP, 459 (char *) &loop, 1) < 0) 460 err(1, "Can't disable multicast loopback"); 461 } 462 463 if (ttl != 0 464 && setsockopt(s, IPPROTO_IP, IP_MULTICAST_TTL, 465 (char *) &ttl, 1) < 0) 466 err(1, "Can't set multicast time-to-live"); 467 468 if ((pingflags & F_SOURCE_ADDR) 469 && setsockopt(s, IPPROTO_IP, IP_MULTICAST_IF, 470 (char *) &src_addr.sin_addr, 471 sizeof(src_addr.sin_addr)) < 0) 472 err(1, "Can't set multicast source interface"); 473 474 } else if (pingflags & F_SOURCE_ADDR) { 475 if (setsockopt(s, IPPROTO_IP, IP_MULTICAST_IF, 476 (char *) &src_addr.sin_addr, 477 sizeof(src_addr.sin_addr)) < 0) 478 err(1, "Can't set source interface/address"); 479 } 480 481 (void)printf("PING %s (%s): %d data bytes\n", hostname, 482 inet_ntoa(whereto.sin_addr), datalen); 483 484 /* When pinging the broadcast address, you can get a lot 485 * of answers. Doing something so evil is useful if you 486 * are trying to stress the ethernet, or just want to 487 * fill the arp cache to get some stuff for /etc/ethers. 488 */ 489 while (0 > setsockopt(s, SOL_SOCKET, SO_RCVBUF, 490 (char*)&bufspace, sizeof(bufspace))) { 491 if ((bufspace -= 4096) == 0) 492 err(1, "Cannot set the receive buffer size"); 493 } 494 495 /* make it possible to send giant probes, but do not worry now 496 * if it fails, since we probably won't send giant probes. 497 */ 498 (void)setsockopt(s, SOL_SOCKET, SO_SNDBUF, 499 (char*)&bufspace, sizeof(bufspace)); 500 501 (void)signal(SIGINT, prefinish); 502 #ifdef SIGINFO 503 (void)signal(SIGINFO, prtsig); 504 #else 505 (void)signal(SIGQUIT, prtsig); 506 #endif 507 (void)signal(SIGCONT, prtsig); 508 509 /* fire off them quickies */ 510 for (i = 0; i < preload; i++) { 511 (void)gettimeofday(&now, 0); 512 pinger(); 513 } 514 515 doit(); 516 return 0; 517 } 518 519 520 static void 521 doit(void) 522 { 523 int cc; 524 struct sockaddr_in from; 525 int fromlen; 526 double sec, last, d_last; 527 struct timeval timeout; 528 fd_set fdmask; 529 530 531 (void)gettimeofday(&clear_cache,0); 532 if (maxwait != 0) { 533 last = timeval_to_sec(&clear_cache) + maxwait; 534 d_last = 0; 535 } else { 536 last = 0; 537 d_last = 365*24*60*60; 538 } 539 540 FD_ZERO(&fdmask); 541 do { 542 (void)gettimeofday(&now,0); 543 544 if (last != 0) 545 d_last = last - timeval_to_sec(&now); 546 547 if (ntransmitted < npackets && d_last > 0) { 548 /* send if within 100 usec or late for next packet */ 549 sec = diffsec(&next_tx,&now); 550 if (sec <= 0.0001 551 || (lastrcvd && (pingflags & F_FLOOD))) { 552 pinger(); 553 sec = diffsec(&next_tx,&now); 554 } 555 if (sec < 0.0) 556 sec = 0.0; 557 if (d_last < sec) 558 sec = d_last; 559 560 } else { 561 /* For the last response, wait twice as long as the 562 * worst case seen, or 10 times as long as the 563 * maximum interpacket interval, whichever is longer. 564 */ 565 sec = MAX(2*tmax,10*interval) - diffsec(&now,&last_tx); 566 if (d_last < sec) 567 sec = d_last; 568 if (sec <= 0) 569 break; 570 } 571 572 573 sec_to_timeval(sec, &timeout); 574 575 FD_SET(s, &fdmask); 576 cc = select(s+1, &fdmask, 0, 0, &timeout); 577 if (cc <= 0) { 578 if (cc < 0) { 579 if (errno == EINTR) 580 continue; 581 jiggle_flush(1); 582 err(1, "select"); 583 } 584 continue; 585 } 586 587 fromlen = sizeof(from); 588 cc = recvfrom(s, (char *) packet, packlen, 589 0, (struct sockaddr *)&from, 590 &fromlen); 591 if (cc < 0) { 592 if (errno != EINTR) { 593 jiggle_flush(1); 594 warn("recvfrom"); 595 (void)fflush(stderr); 596 } 597 continue; 598 } 599 (void)gettimeofday(&now, 0); 600 pr_pack(packet, cc, &from); 601 602 } while (nreceived < npackets 603 && (nreceived == 0 || !(pingflags & F_ONCE))); 604 605 finish(0); 606 } 607 608 609 static void 610 jiggle_flush(int nl) /* new line if there are dots */ 611 { 612 int serrno = errno; 613 614 if (jiggle_cnt > 0) { 615 total_jiggled += jiggle_cnt; 616 jiggle_direction = 1; 617 do { 618 (void)putchar('.'); 619 } while (--jiggle_cnt > 0); 620 621 } else if (jiggle_cnt < 0) { 622 total_jiggled -= jiggle_cnt; 623 jiggle_direction = -1; 624 do { 625 (void)putchar('\b'); 626 } while (++jiggle_cnt < 0); 627 } 628 629 if (nl) { 630 if (total_jiggled != 0) 631 (void)putchar('\n'); 632 total_jiggled = 0; 633 jiggle_direction = -1; 634 } 635 636 (void)fflush(stdout); 637 (void)fflush(stderr); 638 jiggle_time = now; 639 errno = serrno; 640 } 641 642 643 /* jiggle the cursor for flood-ping 644 */ 645 static void 646 jiggle(int delta) 647 { 648 double dt; 649 650 if (pingflags & F_QUIET) 651 return; 652 653 /* do not back up into messages */ 654 if (total_jiggled+jiggle_cnt+delta < 0) 655 return; 656 657 jiggle_cnt += delta; 658 659 /* flush the FLOOD dots when things are quiet 660 * or occassionally to make the cursor jiggle. 661 */ 662 dt = diffsec(&last_tx, &jiggle_time); 663 if (dt > 0.2 || (dt >= 0.15 && delta*jiggle_direction < 0)) 664 jiggle_flush(0); 665 } 666 667 668 /* 669 * Compose and transmit an ICMP ECHO REQUEST packet. The IP packet 670 * will be added on by the kernel. The ID field is our UNIX process ID, 671 * and the sequence number is an ascending integer. The first PHDR_LEN bytes 672 * of the data portion are used to hold a UNIX "timeval" struct in VAX 673 * byte-order, to compute the round-trip time. 674 */ 675 static void 676 pinger(void) 677 { 678 int i, cc, sw; 679 680 opack_icmp.icmp_code = 0; 681 opack_icmp.icmp_seq = htons((u_short)(ntransmitted)); 682 683 /* clear the cached route in the kernel after an ICMP 684 * response such as a Redirect is seen to stop causing 685 * more such packets. Also clear the cached route 686 * periodically in case of routing changes that make 687 * black holes come and go. 688 */ 689 if (clear_cache.tv_sec != now.tv_sec) { 690 opack_icmp.icmp_type = ICMP_ECHOREPLY; 691 opack_icmp.icmp_id = ~ident; 692 opack_icmp.icmp_cksum = 0; 693 opack_icmp.icmp_cksum = in_cksum((u_short*)&opack_icmp, 694 PHDR_LEN); 695 sw = 0; 696 if (setsockopt(s,IPPROTO_IP,IP_HDRINCL, 697 (char *)&sw,sizeof(sw)) < 0) 698 err(1, "Can't turn off special IP header"); 699 if (sendto(s, (char *) &opack_icmp, PHDR_LEN, MSG_DONTROUTE, 700 (struct sockaddr *)&loc_addr, 701 sizeof(struct sockaddr_in)) < 0) { 702 /* 703 * XXX: we only report this as a warning in verbose 704 * mode because people get confused when they see 705 * this error when they are running in single user 706 * mode and they have not configured lo0 707 */ 708 if (pingflags & F_VERBOSE) 709 warn("failed to clear cached route"); 710 } 711 sw = 1; 712 if (setsockopt(s,IPPROTO_IP,IP_HDRINCL, 713 (char *)&sw, sizeof(sw)) < 0) 714 err(1, "Can't set special IP header"); 715 716 (void)gettimeofday(&clear_cache,0); 717 } 718 719 opack_icmp.icmp_type = ICMP_ECHO; 720 opack_icmp.icmp_id = ident; 721 if (pingflags & F_TIMING) 722 (void) memcpy(&opack_icmp.icmp_data[0], &now, sizeof(now)); 723 cc = datalen+PHDR_LEN; 724 opack_icmp.icmp_cksum = 0; 725 opack_icmp.icmp_cksum = in_cksum((u_short*)&opack_icmp, cc); 726 727 cc += opack_ip->ip_hl<<2; 728 opack_ip->ip_len = cc; 729 i = sendto(s, (char *) opack_ip, cc, 0, 730 (struct sockaddr *)&send_addr, sizeof(struct sockaddr_in)); 731 if (i != cc) { 732 jiggle_flush(1); 733 if (i < 0) 734 warn("sendto"); 735 else 736 warnx("wrote %s %d chars, ret=%d", hostname, cc, i); 737 (void)fflush(stderr); 738 } 739 lastrcvd = 0; 740 741 CLR(ntransmitted); 742 ntransmitted++; 743 744 last_tx = now; 745 if (next_tx.tv_sec == 0) { 746 first_tx = now; 747 next_tx = now; 748 } 749 750 /* Transmit regularly, at always the same microsecond in the 751 * second when going at one packet per second. 752 * If we are at most 100 ms behind, send extras to get caught up. 753 * Otherwise, skip packets we were too slow to send. 754 */ 755 if (diffsec(&next_tx, &now) <= interval) { 756 do { 757 timevaladd(&next_tx, &interval_tv); 758 } while (diffsec(&next_tx, &now) < -0.1); 759 } 760 761 if (pingflags & F_FLOOD) 762 jiggle(1); 763 764 /* While the packet is going out, ready buffer for the next 765 * packet. Use a fast but not very good random number generator. 766 */ 767 if (pingflags & F_PING_RANDOM) 768 rnd_fill(); 769 } 770 771 772 static void 773 pr_pack_sub(int cc, 774 char *addr, 775 int seqno, 776 int dupflag, 777 int ttl, 778 double triptime) 779 { 780 jiggle_flush(1); 781 782 if (pingflags & F_FLOOD) 783 return; 784 785 (void)printf("%d bytes from %s: icmp_seq=%u", cc, addr, seqno); 786 if (dupflag) 787 (void)printf(" DUP!"); 788 (void)printf(" ttl=%d", ttl); 789 if (pingflags & F_TIMING) 790 (void)printf(" time=%.3f ms", triptime*1000.0); 791 } 792 793 794 /* 795 * Print out the packet, if it came from us. This logic is necessary 796 * because ALL readers of the ICMP socket get a copy of ALL ICMP packets 797 * which arrive ('tis only fair). This permits multiple copies of this 798 * program to be run without having intermingled output (or statistics!). 799 */ 800 static void 801 pr_pack(u_char *buf, 802 int tot_len, 803 struct sockaddr_in *from) 804 { 805 struct ip *ip; 806 struct icmp *icp; 807 int i, j, net_len; 808 u_char *cp; 809 static int old_rrlen; 810 static char old_rr[MAX_IPOPTLEN]; 811 int hlen, dupflag = 0, dumped; 812 double triptime = 0.0; 813 #define PR_PACK_SUB() {if (!dumped) { \ 814 dumped = 1; \ 815 pr_pack_sub(net_len, inet_ntoa(from->sin_addr), \ 816 ntohs((u_short)icp->icmp_seq), \ 817 dupflag, ip->ip_ttl, triptime);}} 818 819 /* Check the IP header */ 820 ip = (struct ip *) buf; 821 hlen = ip->ip_hl << 2; 822 if (tot_len < hlen + ICMP_MINLEN) { 823 if (pingflags & F_VERBOSE) { 824 jiggle_flush(1); 825 (void)printf("packet too short (%d bytes) from %s\n", 826 tot_len, inet_ntoa(from->sin_addr)); 827 } 828 return; 829 } 830 831 /* Now the ICMP part */ 832 dumped = 0; 833 net_len = tot_len - hlen; 834 icp = (struct icmp *)(buf + hlen); 835 if (icp->icmp_type == ICMP_ECHOREPLY 836 && icp->icmp_id == ident) { 837 if (icp->icmp_seq == htons((u_short)(ntransmitted-1))) 838 lastrcvd = 1; 839 last_rx = now; 840 if (first_rx.tv_sec == 0) 841 first_rx = last_rx; 842 nreceived++; 843 if (pingflags & F_TIMING) { 844 struct timeval tv; 845 (void) memcpy(&tv, icp->icmp_data, sizeof(tv)); 846 triptime = diffsec(&last_rx, &tv); 847 tsum += triptime; 848 tsumsq += triptime * triptime; 849 if (triptime < tmin) 850 tmin = triptime; 851 if (triptime > tmax) 852 tmax = triptime; 853 } 854 855 if (TST(ntohs((u_short)icp->icmp_seq))) { 856 nrepeats++, nreceived--; 857 dupflag=1; 858 } else { 859 SET(ntohs((u_short)icp->icmp_seq)); 860 } 861 862 if (tot_len != opack_ip->ip_len) { 863 PR_PACK_SUB(); 864 (void)printf("\nwrong total length %d instead of %d", 865 tot_len, opack_ip->ip_len); 866 } 867 868 if (pingflags & F_QUIET) 869 return; 870 871 if (!(pingflags & F_FLOOD)) 872 PR_PACK_SUB(); 873 874 /* check the data */ 875 if (datalen > PHDR_LEN 876 && !(pingflags & F_PING_RANDOM) 877 && memcmp(&icp->icmp_data[PHDR_LEN], 878 &opack_icmp.icmp_data[PHDR_LEN], 879 datalen-PHDR_LEN)) { 880 for (i=PHDR_LEN; i<datalen; i++) { 881 if (icp->icmp_data[PHDR_LEN+i] 882 != opack_icmp.icmp_data[PHDR_LEN+i]) 883 break; 884 } 885 PR_PACK_SUB(); 886 (void)printf("\nwrong data byte #%d should have been" 887 " %#x but was %#x", 888 i, (u_char)opack_icmp.icmp_data[i], 889 (u_char)icp->icmp_data[i]); 890 for (i=PHDR_LEN; i<datalen; i++) { 891 if ((i%16) == PHDR_LEN) 892 (void)printf("\n\t"); 893 (void)printf("%2x ",(u_char)icp->icmp_data[i]); 894 } 895 } 896 897 } else { 898 if (!pr_icmph(icp, from, net_len)) 899 return; 900 dumped = 2; 901 } 902 903 /* Display any IP options */ 904 cp = buf + sizeof(struct ip); 905 while (hlen > (int)sizeof(struct ip)) { 906 switch (*cp) { 907 case IPOPT_EOL: 908 hlen = 0; 909 break; 910 case IPOPT_LSRR: 911 hlen -= 2; 912 j = *++cp; 913 ++cp; 914 j -= IPOPT_MINOFF; 915 if (j <= 0) 916 continue; 917 if (dumped <= 1) { 918 j = ((j+3)/4)*4; 919 hlen -= j; 920 cp += j; 921 break; 922 } 923 PR_PACK_SUB(); 924 (void)printf("\nLSRR: "); 925 for (;;) { 926 pr_saddr("\t%s", cp); 927 cp += 4; 928 hlen -= 4; 929 j -= 4; 930 if (j <= 0) 931 break; 932 (void)putchar('\n'); 933 } 934 break; 935 case IPOPT_RR: 936 j = *++cp; /* get length */ 937 i = *++cp; /* and pointer */ 938 hlen -= 2; 939 if (i > j) 940 i = j; 941 i -= IPOPT_MINOFF; 942 if (i <= 0) 943 continue; 944 if (dumped <= 1) { 945 if (i == old_rrlen 946 && !memcmp(cp, old_rr, i)) { 947 if (dumped) 948 (void)printf("\t(same route)"); 949 j = ((i+3)/4)*4; 950 hlen -= j; 951 cp += j; 952 break; 953 } 954 old_rrlen = i; 955 (void) memcpy(old_rr, cp, i); 956 } 957 if (!dumped) { 958 jiggle_flush(1); 959 (void)printf("RR: "); 960 dumped = 1; 961 } else { 962 (void)printf("\nRR: "); 963 } 964 for (;;) { 965 pr_saddr("\t%s", cp); 966 cp += 4; 967 hlen -= 4; 968 i -= 4; 969 if (i <= 0) 970 break; 971 (void)putchar('\n'); 972 } 973 break; 974 case IPOPT_NOP: 975 if (dumped <= 1) 976 break; 977 PR_PACK_SUB(); 978 (void)printf("\nNOP"); 979 break; 980 #ifdef sgi 981 case IPOPT_SECURITY: /* RFC 1108 RIPSO BSO */ 982 case IPOPT_ESO: /* RFC 1108 RIPSO ESO */ 983 case IPOPT_CIPSO: /* Commercial IPSO */ 984 if ((sysconf(_SC_IP_SECOPTS)) > 0) { 985 i = (unsigned)cp[1]; 986 hlen -= i - 1; 987 PR_PACK_SUB(); 988 (void)printf("\nSEC:"); 989 while (i--) { 990 (void)printf(" %02x", *cp++); 991 } 992 cp--; 993 break; 994 } 995 #endif 996 default: 997 PR_PACK_SUB(); 998 (void)printf("\nunknown option 0x%x", *cp); 999 break; 1000 } 1001 hlen--; 1002 cp++; 1003 } 1004 1005 if (dumped) { 1006 (void)putchar('\n'); 1007 (void)fflush(stdout); 1008 } else { 1009 jiggle(-1); 1010 } 1011 } 1012 1013 1014 /* Compute the IP checksum 1015 * This assumes the packet is less than 32K long. 1016 */ 1017 static u_short 1018 in_cksum(u_short *p, 1019 u_int len) 1020 { 1021 u_int sum = 0; 1022 int nwords = len >> 1; 1023 1024 while (nwords-- != 0) 1025 sum += *p++; 1026 1027 if (len & 1) { 1028 union { 1029 u_short w; 1030 u_char c[2]; 1031 } u; 1032 u.c[0] = *(u_char *)p; 1033 u.c[1] = 0; 1034 sum += u.w; 1035 } 1036 1037 /* end-around-carry */ 1038 sum = (sum >> 16) + (sum & 0xffff); 1039 sum += (sum >> 16); 1040 return (~sum); 1041 } 1042 1043 1044 /* 1045 * compute the difference of two timevals in seconds 1046 */ 1047 static double 1048 diffsec(struct timeval *now, 1049 struct timeval *then) 1050 { 1051 return ((now->tv_sec - then->tv_sec)*1.0 1052 + (now->tv_usec - then->tv_usec)/1000000.0); 1053 } 1054 1055 1056 static void 1057 timevaladd(struct timeval *t1, 1058 struct timeval *t2) 1059 { 1060 1061 t1->tv_sec += t2->tv_sec; 1062 if ((t1->tv_usec += t2->tv_usec) >= 1000000) { 1063 t1->tv_sec++; 1064 t1->tv_usec -= 1000000; 1065 } 1066 } 1067 1068 1069 static void 1070 sec_to_timeval(const double sec, struct timeval *tp) 1071 { 1072 tp->tv_sec = sec; 1073 tp->tv_usec = (sec - tp->tv_sec) * 1000000.0; 1074 } 1075 1076 1077 static double 1078 timeval_to_sec(const struct timeval *tp) 1079 { 1080 return tp->tv_sec + tp->tv_usec / 1000000.0; 1081 } 1082 1083 1084 /* 1085 * Print statistics. 1086 * Heavily buffered STDIO is used here, so that all the statistics 1087 * will be written with 1 sys-write call. This is nice when more 1088 * than one copy of the program is running on a terminal; it prevents 1089 * the statistics output from becomming intermingled. 1090 */ 1091 static void 1092 summary(int header) 1093 { 1094 jiggle_flush(1); 1095 1096 if (header) 1097 (void)printf("\n----%s PING Statistics----\n", hostname); 1098 (void)printf("%d packets transmitted, ", ntransmitted); 1099 (void)printf("%d packets received, ", nreceived); 1100 if (nrepeats) 1101 (void)printf("+%d duplicates, ", nrepeats); 1102 if (ntransmitted) { 1103 if (nreceived > ntransmitted) 1104 (void)printf("-- somebody's printing up packets!"); 1105 else 1106 (void)printf("%.1f%% packet loss", 1107 (((ntransmitted-nreceived)*100.0) / 1108 ntransmitted)); 1109 } 1110 (void)printf("\n"); 1111 if (nreceived && (pingflags & F_TIMING)) { 1112 double n = nreceived + nrepeats; 1113 double avg = (tsum / n); 1114 double variance = 0.0; 1115 if (n>1) 1116 variance = (tsumsq - n*avg*avg) /(n-1); 1117 1118 printf("round-trip min/avg/max/stddev = " 1119 "%.3f/%.3f/%.3f/%.3f ms\n", 1120 tmin * 1000.0, avg * 1000.0, 1121 tmax * 1000.0, sqrt(variance) * 1000.0); 1122 if (pingflags & F_FLOOD) { 1123 double r = diffsec(&last_rx, &first_rx); 1124 double t = diffsec(&last_tx, &first_tx); 1125 if (r == 0) 1126 r = 0.0001; 1127 if (t == 0) 1128 t = 0.0001; 1129 (void)printf(" %.1f packets/sec sent, " 1130 " %.1f packets/sec received\n", 1131 ntransmitted/t, nreceived/r); 1132 } 1133 } 1134 } 1135 1136 1137 /* 1138 * Print statistics when SIGINFO is received. 1139 */ 1140 /* ARGSUSED */ 1141 static void 1142 prtsig(int s) 1143 { 1144 summary(0); 1145 #ifdef SIGINFO 1146 (void)signal(SIGINFO, prtsig); 1147 #else 1148 (void)signal(SIGQUIT, prtsig); 1149 #endif 1150 } 1151 1152 1153 /* 1154 * On the first SIGINT, allow any outstanding packets to dribble in 1155 */ 1156 static void 1157 prefinish(int s) 1158 { 1159 if (lastrcvd /* quit now if caught up */ 1160 || nreceived == 0) /* or if remote is dead */ 1161 finish(0); 1162 1163 (void)signal(s, finish); /* do this only the 1st time */ 1164 1165 if (npackets > ntransmitted) /* let the normal limit work */ 1166 npackets = ntransmitted; 1167 } 1168 1169 1170 /* 1171 * Print statistics and give up. 1172 */ 1173 /* ARGSUSED */ 1174 static void 1175 finish(int s) 1176 { 1177 #if defined(SIGINFO) && defined(NOKERNINFO) 1178 struct termios ts; 1179 1180 if (reset_kerninfo && tcgetattr (0, &ts) != -1) { 1181 ts.c_lflag &= ~NOKERNINFO; 1182 tcsetattr (0, TCSANOW, &ts); 1183 } 1184 (void)signal(SIGINFO, SIG_IGN); 1185 #else 1186 (void)signal(SIGQUIT, SIG_DFL); 1187 #endif 1188 1189 summary(1); 1190 exit(nreceived > 0 ? 0 : 2); 1191 } 1192 1193 1194 static int /* 0=do not print it */ 1195 ck_pr_icmph(struct icmp *icp, 1196 struct sockaddr_in *from, 1197 int cc, 1198 int override) /* 1=override VERBOSE if interesting */ 1199 { 1200 int hlen; 1201 struct ip ipb, *ip = &ipb; 1202 struct icmp icp2b, *icp2 = &icp2b; 1203 int res; 1204 1205 if (pingflags & F_VERBOSE) { 1206 res = 1; 1207 jiggle_flush(1); 1208 } else { 1209 res = 0; 1210 } 1211 1212 (void) memcpy(ip, icp->icmp_data, sizeof(*ip)); 1213 hlen = ip->ip_hl << 2; 1214 if (ip->ip_p == IPPROTO_ICMP 1215 && hlen + 6 <= cc) { 1216 (void) memcpy(icp2, &icp->icmp_data[hlen], sizeof(*icp2)); 1217 if (icp2->icmp_id == ident) { 1218 /* remember to clear route cached in kernel 1219 * if this non-Echo-Reply ICMP message was for one 1220 * of our packets. 1221 */ 1222 clear_cache.tv_sec = 0; 1223 1224 if (!res && override 1225 && (pingflags & (F_QUIET|F_SEMI_QUIET)) == 0) { 1226 jiggle_flush(1); 1227 (void)printf("%d bytes from %s: ", 1228 cc, pr_addr(&from->sin_addr)); 1229 res = 1; 1230 } 1231 } 1232 } 1233 1234 return res; 1235 } 1236 1237 1238 /* 1239 * Print a descriptive string about an ICMP header other than an echo reply. 1240 */ 1241 static int /* 0=printed nothing */ 1242 pr_icmph(struct icmp *icp, 1243 struct sockaddr_in *from, 1244 int cc) 1245 { 1246 switch (icp->icmp_type ) { 1247 case ICMP_UNREACH: 1248 if (!ck_pr_icmph(icp, from, cc, 1)) 1249 return 0; 1250 switch (icp->icmp_code) { 1251 case ICMP_UNREACH_NET: 1252 (void)printf("Destination Net Unreachable"); 1253 break; 1254 case ICMP_UNREACH_HOST: 1255 (void)printf("Destination Host Unreachable"); 1256 break; 1257 case ICMP_UNREACH_PROTOCOL: 1258 (void)printf("Destination Protocol Unreachable"); 1259 break; 1260 case ICMP_UNREACH_PORT: 1261 (void)printf("Destination Port Unreachable"); 1262 break; 1263 case ICMP_UNREACH_NEEDFRAG: 1264 (void)printf("frag needed and DF set. Next MTU=%d", 1265 ntohs(icp->icmp_nextmtu)); 1266 break; 1267 case ICMP_UNREACH_SRCFAIL: 1268 (void)printf("Source Route Failed"); 1269 break; 1270 case ICMP_UNREACH_NET_UNKNOWN: 1271 (void)printf("Unreachable unknown net"); 1272 break; 1273 case ICMP_UNREACH_HOST_UNKNOWN: 1274 (void)printf("Unreachable unknown host"); 1275 break; 1276 case ICMP_UNREACH_ISOLATED: 1277 (void)printf("Unreachable host isolated"); 1278 break; 1279 case ICMP_UNREACH_NET_PROHIB: 1280 (void)printf("Net prohibited access"); 1281 break; 1282 case ICMP_UNREACH_HOST_PROHIB: 1283 (void)printf("Host prohibited access"); 1284 break; 1285 case ICMP_UNREACH_TOSNET: 1286 (void)printf("Bad TOS for net"); 1287 break; 1288 case ICMP_UNREACH_TOSHOST: 1289 (void)printf("Bad TOS for host"); 1290 break; 1291 case 13: 1292 (void)printf("Communication prohibited"); 1293 break; 1294 case 14: 1295 (void)printf("Host precedence violation"); 1296 break; 1297 case 15: 1298 (void)printf("Precedence cutoff"); 1299 break; 1300 default: 1301 (void)printf("Bad Destination Unreachable Code: %d", 1302 icp->icmp_code); 1303 break; 1304 } 1305 /* Print returned IP header information */ 1306 pr_retip(icp, cc); 1307 break; 1308 1309 case ICMP_SOURCEQUENCH: 1310 if (!ck_pr_icmph(icp, from, cc, 1)) 1311 return 0; 1312 (void)printf("Source Quench"); 1313 pr_retip(icp, cc); 1314 break; 1315 1316 case ICMP_REDIRECT: 1317 if (!ck_pr_icmph(icp, from, cc, 1)) 1318 return 0; 1319 switch (icp->icmp_code) { 1320 case ICMP_REDIRECT_NET: 1321 (void)printf("Redirect Network"); 1322 break; 1323 case ICMP_REDIRECT_HOST: 1324 (void)printf("Redirect Host"); 1325 break; 1326 case ICMP_REDIRECT_TOSNET: 1327 (void)printf("Redirect Type of Service and Network"); 1328 break; 1329 case ICMP_REDIRECT_TOSHOST: 1330 (void)printf("Redirect Type of Service and Host"); 1331 break; 1332 default: 1333 (void)printf("Redirect--Bad Code: %d", icp->icmp_code); 1334 break; 1335 } 1336 (void)printf(" New router addr: %s", 1337 pr_addr(&icp->icmp_hun.ih_gwaddr)); 1338 pr_retip(icp, cc); 1339 break; 1340 1341 case ICMP_ECHO: 1342 if (!ck_pr_icmph(icp, from, cc, 0)) 1343 return 0; 1344 (void)printf("Echo Request: ID=%d seq=%d", 1345 ntohs(icp->icmp_id), ntohs(icp->icmp_seq)); 1346 break; 1347 1348 case ICMP_ECHOREPLY: 1349 /* displaying other's pings is too noisey */ 1350 #if 0 1351 if (!ck_pr_icmph(icp, from, cc, 0)) 1352 return 0; 1353 (void)printf("Echo Reply: ID=%d seq=%d", 1354 ntohs(icp->icmp_id), ntohs(icp->icmp_seq)); 1355 break; 1356 #else 1357 return 0; 1358 #endif 1359 1360 case ICMP_ROUTERADVERT: 1361 if (!ck_pr_icmph(icp, from, cc, 0)) 1362 return 0; 1363 (void)printf("Router Discovery Advert"); 1364 break; 1365 1366 case ICMP_ROUTERSOLICIT: 1367 if (!ck_pr_icmph(icp, from, cc, 0)) 1368 return 0; 1369 (void)printf("Router Discovery Solicit"); 1370 break; 1371 1372 case ICMP_TIMXCEED: 1373 if (!ck_pr_icmph(icp, from, cc, 1)) 1374 return 0; 1375 switch (icp->icmp_code ) { 1376 case ICMP_TIMXCEED_INTRANS: 1377 (void)printf("Time To Live exceeded"); 1378 break; 1379 case ICMP_TIMXCEED_REASS: 1380 (void)printf("Frag reassembly time exceeded"); 1381 break; 1382 default: 1383 (void)printf("Time exceeded, Bad Code: %d", 1384 icp->icmp_code); 1385 break; 1386 } 1387 pr_retip(icp, cc); 1388 break; 1389 1390 case ICMP_PARAMPROB: 1391 if (!ck_pr_icmph(icp, from, cc, 1)) 1392 return 0; 1393 (void)printf("Parameter problem: pointer = 0x%02x", 1394 icp->icmp_hun.ih_pptr); 1395 pr_retip(icp, cc); 1396 break; 1397 1398 case ICMP_TSTAMP: 1399 if (!ck_pr_icmph(icp, from, cc, 0)) 1400 return 0; 1401 (void)printf("Timestamp"); 1402 break; 1403 1404 case ICMP_TSTAMPREPLY: 1405 if (!ck_pr_icmph(icp, from, cc, 0)) 1406 return 0; 1407 (void)printf("Timestamp Reply"); 1408 break; 1409 1410 case ICMP_IREQ: 1411 if (!ck_pr_icmph(icp, from, cc, 0)) 1412 return 0; 1413 (void)printf("Information Request"); 1414 break; 1415 1416 case ICMP_IREQREPLY: 1417 if (!ck_pr_icmph(icp, from, cc, 0)) 1418 return 0; 1419 (void)printf("Information Reply"); 1420 break; 1421 1422 case ICMP_MASKREQ: 1423 if (!ck_pr_icmph(icp, from, cc, 0)) 1424 return 0; 1425 (void)printf("Address Mask Request"); 1426 break; 1427 1428 case ICMP_MASKREPLY: 1429 if (!ck_pr_icmph(icp, from, cc, 0)) 1430 return 0; 1431 (void)printf("Address Mask Reply"); 1432 break; 1433 1434 default: 1435 if (!ck_pr_icmph(icp, from, cc, 0)) 1436 return 0; 1437 (void)printf("Bad ICMP type: %d", icp->icmp_type); 1438 if (pingflags & F_VERBOSE) 1439 pr_iph(icp, cc); 1440 } 1441 1442 return 1; 1443 } 1444 1445 1446 /* 1447 * Print an IP header with options. 1448 */ 1449 static void 1450 pr_iph(struct icmp *icp, 1451 int cc) 1452 { 1453 int hlen; 1454 u_char *cp; 1455 struct ip ipb, *ip = &ipb; 1456 1457 (void) memcpy(ip, icp->icmp_data, sizeof(*ip)); 1458 1459 hlen = ip->ip_hl << 2; 1460 cp = (u_char *) &icp->icmp_data[20]; /* point to options */ 1461 1462 (void)printf("\n Vr HL TOS Len ID Flg off TTL Pro cks Src Dst\n"); 1463 (void)printf(" %1x %1x %02x %04x %04x", 1464 ip->ip_v, ip->ip_hl, ip->ip_tos, ip->ip_len, ip->ip_id); 1465 (void)printf(" %1x %04x", 1466 ((ip->ip_off)&0xe000)>>13, (ip->ip_off)&0x1fff); 1467 (void)printf(" %02x %02x %04x", 1468 ip->ip_ttl, ip->ip_p, ip->ip_sum); 1469 (void)printf(" %15s ", 1470 inet_ntoa(*(struct in_addr *)&ip->ip_src.s_addr)); 1471 (void)printf(" %s ", inet_ntoa(*(struct in_addr *)&ip->ip_dst.s_addr)); 1472 /* dump any option bytes */ 1473 while (hlen-- > 20 && cp < (u_char*)icp+cc) { 1474 (void)printf("%02x", *cp++); 1475 } 1476 } 1477 1478 /* 1479 * Print an ASCII host address starting from a string of bytes. 1480 */ 1481 static void 1482 pr_saddr(char *pat, 1483 u_char *cp) 1484 { 1485 n_long l; 1486 struct in_addr addr; 1487 1488 l = (u_char)*++cp; 1489 l = (l<<8) + (u_char)*++cp; 1490 l = (l<<8) + (u_char)*++cp; 1491 l = (l<<8) + (u_char)*++cp; 1492 addr.s_addr = htonl(l); 1493 (void)printf(pat, (l == 0) ? "0.0.0.0" : pr_addr(&addr)); 1494 } 1495 1496 1497 /* 1498 * Return an ASCII host address 1499 * as a dotted quad and optionally with a hostname 1500 */ 1501 static char * 1502 pr_addr(struct in_addr *addr) /* in network order */ 1503 { 1504 struct hostent *hp; 1505 static char buf[MAXHOSTNAMELEN+4+16+1]; 1506 1507 if ((pingflags & F_NUMERIC) 1508 || !(hp = gethostbyaddr((char *)addr, sizeof(*addr), AF_INET))) { 1509 (void)snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "%s", inet_ntoa(*addr)); 1510 } else { 1511 (void)snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "%s (%s)", hp->h_name, 1512 inet_ntoa(*addr)); 1513 } 1514 1515 return buf; 1516 } 1517 1518 /* 1519 * Dump some info on a returned (via ICMP) IP packet. 1520 */ 1521 static void 1522 pr_retip(struct icmp *icp, 1523 int cc) 1524 { 1525 int hlen; 1526 u_char *cp; 1527 struct ip ipb, *ip = &ipb; 1528 1529 (void) memcpy(ip, icp->icmp_data, sizeof(*ip)); 1530 1531 if (pingflags & F_VERBOSE) 1532 pr_iph(icp, cc); 1533 1534 hlen = ip->ip_hl << 2; 1535 cp = (u_char *) &icp->icmp_data[hlen]; 1536 1537 if (ip->ip_p == IPPROTO_TCP) { 1538 if (pingflags & F_VERBOSE) 1539 (void)printf("\n TCP: from port %u, to port %u", 1540 (*cp*256+*(cp+1)), (*(cp+2)*256+*(cp+3))); 1541 } else if (ip->ip_p == IPPROTO_UDP) { 1542 if (pingflags & F_VERBOSE) 1543 (void)printf("\n UDP: from port %u, to port %u", 1544 (*cp*256+*(cp+1)), (*(cp+2)*256+*(cp+3))); 1545 } else if (ip->ip_p == IPPROTO_ICMP) { 1546 struct icmp icp2; 1547 (void) memcpy(&icp2, cp, sizeof(icp2)); 1548 if (icp2.icmp_type == ICMP_ECHO) { 1549 if (pingflags & F_VERBOSE) 1550 (void)printf("\n ID=%u icmp_seq=%u", 1551 ntohs((u_short)icp2.icmp_id), 1552 ntohs((u_short)icp2.icmp_seq)); 1553 else 1554 (void)printf(" for icmp_seq=%u", 1555 ntohs((u_short)icp2.icmp_seq)); 1556 } 1557 } 1558 } 1559 1560 static void 1561 fill(void) 1562 { 1563 int i, j, k; 1564 char *cp; 1565 int pat[16]; 1566 1567 for (cp = fill_pat; *cp != '\0'; cp++) { 1568 if (!isxdigit((unsigned char)*cp)) 1569 break; 1570 } 1571 if (cp == fill_pat || *cp != '\0' || (cp-fill_pat) > 16*2) { 1572 (void)fflush(stdout); 1573 errx(1, "\"-p %s\": patterns must be specified with" 1574 " 1-32 hex digits\n", 1575 fill_pat); 1576 } 1577 1578 i = sscanf(fill_pat, 1579 "%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x", 1580 &pat[0], &pat[1], &pat[2], &pat[3], 1581 &pat[4], &pat[5], &pat[6], &pat[7], 1582 &pat[8], &pat[9], &pat[10], &pat[11], 1583 &pat[12], &pat[13], &pat[14], &pat[15]); 1584 1585 for (k=PHDR_LEN, j = 0; k <= datalen; k++) { 1586 opack_icmp.icmp_data[k] = pat[j]; 1587 if (++j >= i) 1588 j = 0; 1589 } 1590 1591 if (!(pingflags & F_QUIET)) { 1592 (void)printf("PATTERN: 0x"); 1593 for (j=0; j<i; j++) 1594 (void)printf("%02x", 1595 (u_char)opack_icmp.icmp_data[PHDR_LEN+j]); 1596 (void)printf("\n"); 1597 } 1598 1599 } 1600 1601 1602 static void 1603 rnd_fill(void) 1604 { 1605 static u_int32_t rnd; 1606 int i; 1607 1608 for (i = PHDR_LEN; i < datalen; i++) { 1609 rnd = (3141592621U * rnd + 663896637U); 1610 opack_icmp.icmp_data[i] = rnd>>24; 1611 } 1612 } 1613 1614 1615 static void 1616 gethost(const char *arg, 1617 const char *name, 1618 struct sockaddr_in *sa, 1619 char *realname, 1620 int realname_len) 1621 { 1622 struct hostent *hp; 1623 1624 (void)memset(sa, 0, sizeof(*sa)); 1625 sa->sin_family = AF_INET; 1626 1627 /* If it is an IP address, try to convert it to a name to 1628 * have something nice to display. 1629 */ 1630 if (inet_aton(name, &sa->sin_addr) != 0) { 1631 if (realname) { 1632 if (pingflags & F_NUMERIC) 1633 hp = 0; 1634 else 1635 hp = gethostbyaddr((char *)&sa->sin_addr, 1636 sizeof(sa->sin_addr), 1637 AF_INET); 1638 (void)strncpy(realname, hp ? hp->h_name : name, 1639 realname_len); 1640 realname[realname_len-1] = '\0'; 1641 } 1642 return; 1643 } 1644 1645 hp = gethostbyname(name); 1646 if (!hp) 1647 errx(1, "Cannot resolve \"%s\" (%s)",name,hstrerror(h_errno)); 1648 1649 if (hp->h_addrtype != AF_INET) 1650 errx(1, "%s only supported with IP", arg); 1651 1652 (void)memcpy(&sa->sin_addr, hp->h_addr, sizeof(sa->sin_addr)); 1653 1654 if (realname) { 1655 (void)strncpy(realname, hp->h_name, realname_len); 1656 realname[realname_len-1] = '\0'; 1657 } 1658 } 1659 1660 1661 static void 1662 usage(void) 1663 { 1664 1665 (void)fprintf(stderr, "Usage: \n" 1666 "%s [-dDfLnoPqQrRv] [-c count] [-g gateway] [-h host]" 1667 " [-i interval] [-I addr]\n" 1668 " [-l preload] [-p pattern] [-s size] [-t tos] [-T ttl]" 1669 " [-w maxwait] host\n", 1670 __progname); 1671 exit(1); 1672 } 1673
Indexes created Tue Sep 30 20:09:53 GMT 2025