ping.c revision 1.7
1 /* 2 * Copyright (c) 1989 The Regents of the University of California. 3 * All rights reserved. 4 * 5 * This code is derived from software contributed to Berkeley by 6 * Mike Muuss. 7 * 8 * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without 9 * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions 10 * are met: 11 * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright 12 * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. 13 * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright 14 * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the 15 * documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution. 16 * 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software 17 * must display the following acknowledgement: 18 * This product includes software developed by the University of 19 * California, Berkeley and its contributors. 20 * 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors 21 * may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software 22 * without specific prior written permission. 23 * 24 * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND 25 * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE 26 * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE 27 * ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE 28 * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL 29 * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS 30 * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) 31 * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT 32 * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY 33 * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF 34 * SUCH DAMAGE. 35 */ 36 37 #ifndef lint 38 char copyright[] = 39 "@(#) Copyright (c) 1989 The Regents of the University of California.\n\ 40 All rights reserved.\n"; 41 #endif /* not lint */ 42 43 #ifndef lint 44 /*static char sccsid[] = "from: @(#)ping.c 5.9 (Berkeley) 5/12/91";*/ 45 static char rcsid[] = "$Id: ping.c,v 1.7 1993/12/15 04:46:13 hpeyerl Exp $"; 46 #endif /* not lint */ 47 48 /* 49 * P I N G . C 50 * 51 * Using the InterNet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) "ECHO" facility, 52 * measure round-trip-delays and packet loss across network paths. 53 * 54 * Author - 55 * Mike Muuss 56 * U. S. Army Ballistic Research Laboratory 57 * December, 1983 58 * 59 * Status - 60 * Public Domain. Distribution Unlimited. 61 * Bugs - 62 * More statistics could always be gathered. 63 * This program has to run SUID to ROOT to access the ICMP socket. 64 */ 65 66 #include <sys/param.h> 67 #include <sys/socket.h> 68 #include <sys/file.h> 69 #include <sys/time.h> 70 #include <sys/signal.h> 71 72 #include <netinet/in_systm.h> 73 #include <netinet/in.h> 74 #include <netinet/ip.h> 75 #include <netinet/ip_icmp.h> 76 #include <netinet/ip_var.h> 77 #include <netdb.h> 78 #include <unistd.h> 79 #include <stdio.h> 80 #include <ctype.h> 81 #include <errno.h> 82 #include <string.h> 83 84 #define DEFDATALEN (64 - 8) /* default data length */ 85 #define MAXIPLEN 60 86 #define MAXICMPLEN 76 87 #define MAXPACKET (65536 - 60 - 8)/* max packet size */ 88 #define MAXWAIT 10 /* max seconds to wait for response */ 89 #define NROUTES 9 /* number of record route slots */ 90 91 #define A(bit) rcvd_tbl[(bit)>>3] /* identify byte in array */ 92 #define B(bit) (1 << ((bit) & 0x07)) /* identify bit in byte */ 93 #define SET(bit) (A(bit) |= B(bit)) 94 #define CLR(bit) (A(bit) &= (~B(bit))) 95 #define TST(bit) (A(bit) & B(bit)) 96 97 /* various options */ 98 int options; 99 #define F_FLOOD 0x001 100 #define F_INTERVAL 0x002 101 #define F_NUMERIC 0x004 102 #define F_PINGFILLED 0x008 103 #define F_QUIET 0x010 104 #define F_RROUTE 0x020 105 #define F_SO_DEBUG 0x040 106 #define F_SO_DONTROUTE 0x080 107 #define F_VERBOSE 0x100 108 109 /* multicast options */ 110 int moptions; 111 #define MULTICAST_NOLOOP 0x001 112 #define MULTICAST_TTL 0x002 113 #define MULTICAST_IF 0x004 114 115 /* 116 * MAX_DUP_CHK is the number of bits in received table, i.e. the maximum 117 * number of received sequence numbers we can keep track of. Change 128 118 * to 8192 for complete accuracy... 119 */ 120 #define MAX_DUP_CHK (8 * 128) 121 int mx_dup_ck = MAX_DUP_CHK; 122 char rcvd_tbl[MAX_DUP_CHK / 8]; 123 124 struct sockaddr whereto; /* who to ping */ 125 int datalen = DEFDATALEN; 126 int s; /* socket file descriptor */ 127 u_char outpack[MAXPACKET]; 128 char BSPACE = '\b'; /* characters written for flood */ 129 char DOT = '.'; 130 char *hostname; 131 int ident; /* process id to identify our packets */ 132 133 /* counters */ 134 long npackets; /* max packets to transmit */ 135 long nreceived; /* # of packets we got back */ 136 long nrepeats; /* number of duplicates */ 137 long ntransmitted; /* sequence # for outbound packets = #sent */ 138 int interval = 1; /* interval between packets */ 139 140 /* timing */ 141 int timing; /* flag to do timing */ 142 double tmin = 100.0*(double)LONG_MAX; /* minimum round trip time */ 143 double tmax; /* maximum round trip time */ 144 double tsum; /* sum of all times, for doing average */ 145 146 char *pr_addr(); 147 void catcher(), finish(); 148 149 main(argc, argv) 150 int argc; 151 char **argv; 152 { 153 extern int errno, optind; 154 extern char *optarg; 155 struct timeval timeout; 156 struct hostent *hp; 157 struct sockaddr_in *to; 158 struct protoent *proto; 159 struct in_addr ifaddr; 160 int i; 161 int ch, fdmask, hold, packlen, preload; 162 u_char *datap, *packet; 163 char *target, hnamebuf[MAXHOSTNAMELEN], *malloc(); 164 u_char ttl, loop; 165 #ifdef IP_OPTIONS 166 char rspace[3 + 4 * NROUTES + 1]; /* record route space */ 167 #endif 168 169 preload = 0; 170 datap = &outpack[8 + sizeof(struct timeval)]; 171 while ((ch = getopt(argc, argv, "I:LRc:dfh:i:l:np:qrs:t:v")) != EOF) 172 switch(ch) { 173 case 'c': 174 npackets = atoi(optarg); 175 if (npackets <= 0) { 176 (void)fprintf(stderr, 177 "ping: bad number of packets to transmit.\n"); 178 exit(1); 179 } 180 break; 181 case 'd': 182 options |= F_SO_DEBUG; 183 break; 184 case 'f': 185 if (getuid()) { 186 (void)fprintf(stderr, 187 "ping: %s\n", strerror(EPERM)); 188 exit(1); 189 } 190 options |= F_FLOOD; 191 setbuf(stdout, (char *)NULL); 192 break; 193 case 'i': /* wait between sending packets */ 194 interval = atoi(optarg); 195 if (interval <= 0) { 196 (void)fprintf(stderr, 197 "ping: bad timing interval.\n"); 198 exit(1); 199 } 200 options |= F_INTERVAL; 201 break; 202 case 'l': 203 preload = atoi(optarg); 204 if (preload < 0) { 205 (void)fprintf(stderr, 206 "ping: bad preload value.\n"); 207 exit(1); 208 } 209 break; 210 case 'n': 211 options |= F_NUMERIC; 212 break; 213 case 'p': /* fill buffer with user pattern */ 214 options |= F_PINGFILLED; 215 fill((char *)datap, optarg); 216 break; 217 case 'q': 218 options |= F_QUIET; 219 break; 220 case 'R': 221 options |= F_RROUTE; 222 break; 223 case 'r': 224 options |= F_SO_DONTROUTE; 225 break; 226 case 's': /* size of packet to send */ 227 datalen = atoi(optarg); 228 if (datalen > MAXPACKET) { 229 (void)fprintf(stderr, 230 "ping: packet size too large.\n"); 231 exit(1); 232 } 233 if (datalen <= 0) { 234 (void)fprintf(stderr, 235 "ping: illegal packet size.\n"); 236 exit(1); 237 } 238 break; 239 case 'v': 240 options |= F_VERBOSE; 241 break; 242 case 'L': 243 moptions |= MULTICAST_NOLOOP; 244 loop = 0; 245 break; 246 case 't': 247 moptions |= MULTICAST_TTL; 248 i = atoi(optarg); 249 if (i < 0 || i > 255) { 250 printf("ttl %u out of range\n", i); 251 exit(1); 252 } 253 ttl = i; 254 break; 255 case 'I': 256 moptions |= MULTICAST_IF; 257 { 258 int i1, i2, i3, i4; 259 260 if (sscanf(optarg, "%u.%u.%u.%u%c", 261 &i1, &i2, &i3, &i4, &i) != 4) { 262 printf("bad interface address '%s'\n", 263 optarg); 264 exit(1); 265 } 266 ifaddr.s_addr = (i1<<24)|(i2<<16)|(i3<<8)|i4; 267 ifaddr.s_addr = htonl(ifaddr.s_addr); 268 } 269 break; 270 default: 271 usage(); 272 } 273 argc -= optind; 274 argv += optind; 275 276 if (argc != 1) 277 usage(); 278 target = *argv; 279 280 bzero((char *)&whereto, sizeof(struct sockaddr)); 281 to = (struct sockaddr_in *)&whereto; 282 to->sin_family = AF_INET; 283 to->sin_addr.s_addr = inet_addr(target); 284 if (to->sin_addr.s_addr != (u_int)-1) 285 hostname = target; 286 else { 287 hp = gethostbyname(target); 288 if (!hp) { 289 (void)fprintf(stderr, 290 "ping: unknown host %s\n", target); 291 exit(1); 292 } 293 to->sin_family = hp->h_addrtype; 294 bcopy(hp->h_addr, (caddr_t)&to->sin_addr, hp->h_length); 295 (void)strncpy(hnamebuf, hp->h_name, sizeof(hnamebuf) - 1); 296 hostname = hnamebuf; 297 } 298 299 if (options & F_FLOOD && options & F_INTERVAL) { 300 (void)fprintf(stderr, 301 "ping: -f and -i incompatible options.\n"); 302 exit(1); 303 } 304 305 if (datalen >= sizeof(struct timeval)) /* can we time transfer */ 306 timing = 1; 307 packlen = datalen + MAXIPLEN + MAXICMPLEN; 308 if (!(packet = (u_char *)malloc((u_int)packlen))) { 309 (void)fprintf(stderr, "ping: out of memory.\n"); 310 exit(1); 311 } 312 if (!(options & F_PINGFILLED)) 313 for (i = 8; i < datalen; ++i) 314 *datap++ = i; 315 316 ident = getpid() & 0xFFFF; 317 318 if (!(proto = getprotobyname("icmp"))) { 319 (void)fprintf(stderr, "ping: unknown protocol icmp.\n"); 320 exit(1); 321 } 322 if ((s = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_RAW, proto->p_proto)) < 0) { 323 perror("ping: socket"); 324 exit(1); 325 } 326 hold = 1; 327 if (options & F_SO_DEBUG) 328 (void)setsockopt(s, SOL_SOCKET, SO_DEBUG, (char *)&hold, 329 sizeof(hold)); 330 if (options & F_SO_DONTROUTE) 331 (void)setsockopt(s, SOL_SOCKET, SO_DONTROUTE, (char *)&hold, 332 sizeof(hold)); 333 334 /* record route option */ 335 if (options & F_RROUTE) { 336 #ifdef IP_OPTIONS 337 rspace[IPOPT_OPTVAL] = IPOPT_RR; 338 rspace[IPOPT_OLEN] = sizeof(rspace)-1; 339 rspace[IPOPT_OFFSET] = IPOPT_MINOFF; 340 if (setsockopt(s, IPPROTO_IP, IP_OPTIONS, rspace, 341 sizeof(rspace)) < 0) { 342 perror("ping: record route"); 343 exit(1); 344 } 345 #else 346 (void)fprintf(stderr, 347 "ping: record route not available in this implementation.\n"); 348 exit(1); 349 #endif /* IP_OPTIONS */ 350 } 351 352 /* 353 * When pinging the broadcast address, you can get a lot of answers. 354 * Doing something so evil is useful if you are trying to stress the 355 * ethernet, or just want to fill the arp cache to get some stuff for 356 * /etc/ethers. 357 */ 358 hold = 48 * 1024; 359 (void)setsockopt(s, SOL_SOCKET, SO_RCVBUF, (char *)&hold, 360 sizeof(hold)); 361 362 if (moptions & MULTICAST_NOLOOP) { 363 if (setsockopt(s, IPPROTO_IP, IP_MULTICAST_LOOP, 364 &loop, 1) == -1) { 365 perror ("can't disable multicast loopback"); 366 exit(92); 367 } 368 } 369 if (moptions & MULTICAST_TTL) { 370 if (setsockopt(s, IPPROTO_IP, IP_MULTICAST_TTL, 371 &ttl, 1) == -1) { 372 perror ("can't set multicast time-to-live"); 373 exit(93); 374 } 375 } 376 if (moptions & MULTICAST_IF) { 377 if (setsockopt(s, IPPROTO_IP, IP_MULTICAST_IF, 378 &ifaddr, sizeof(ifaddr)) == -1) { 379 perror ("can't set multicast source interface"); 380 exit(94); 381 } 382 } 383 384 if (to->sin_family == AF_INET) 385 (void)printf("PING %s (%s): %d data bytes\n", hostname, 386 inet_ntoa(*(struct in_addr *)&to->sin_addr.s_addr), 387 datalen); 388 else 389 (void)printf("PING %s: %d data bytes\n", hostname, datalen); 390 391 (void)signal(SIGINT, finish); 392 (void)signal(SIGALRM, catcher); 393 394 while (preload--) /* fire off them quickies */ 395 pinger(); 396 397 if ((options & F_FLOOD) == 0) 398 catcher(); /* start things going */ 399 400 for (;;) { 401 struct sockaddr_in from; 402 register int cc; 403 int fromlen; 404 405 if (options & F_FLOOD) { 406 pinger(); 407 timeout.tv_sec = 0; 408 timeout.tv_usec = 10000; 409 fdmask = 1 << s; 410 if (select(s + 1, (fd_set *)&fdmask, (fd_set *)NULL, 411 (fd_set *)NULL, &timeout) < 1) 412 continue; 413 } 414 fromlen = sizeof(from); 415 if ((cc = recvfrom(s, (char *)packet, packlen, 0, 416 (struct sockaddr *)&from, &fromlen)) < 0) { 417 if (errno == EINTR) 418 continue; 419 perror("ping: recvfrom"); 420 continue; 421 } 422 pr_pack((char *)packet, cc, &from); 423 if (npackets && nreceived >= npackets) 424 break; 425 } 426 finish(); 427 /* NOTREACHED */ 428 } 429 430 /* 431 * catcher -- 432 * This routine causes another PING to be transmitted, and then 433 * schedules another SIGALRM for 1 second from now. 434 * 435 * bug -- 436 * Our sense of time will slowly skew (i.e., packets will not be 437 * launched exactly at 1-second intervals). This does not affect the 438 * quality of the delay and loss statistics. 439 */ 440 void 441 catcher() 442 { 443 int waittime; 444 445 pinger(); 446 (void)signal(SIGALRM, catcher); 447 if (!npackets || ntransmitted < npackets) 448 alarm((u_int)interval); 449 else { 450 if (nreceived) { 451 waittime = 2 * tmax / 1000000.0; 452 if (!waittime) 453 waittime = 1; 454 } else 455 waittime = MAXWAIT; 456 (void)signal(SIGALRM, finish); 457 (void)alarm((u_int)waittime); 458 } 459 } 460 461 /* 462 * pinger -- 463 * Compose and transmit an ICMP ECHO REQUEST packet. The IP packet 464 * will be added on by the kernel. The ID field is our UNIX process ID, 465 * and the sequence number is an ascending integer. The first 8 bytes 466 * of the data portion are used to hold a UNIX "timeval" struct in VAX 467 * byte-order, to compute the round-trip time. 468 */ 469 pinger() 470 { 471 register struct icmp *icp; 472 register int cc; 473 int i; 474 475 icp = (struct icmp *)outpack; 476 icp->icmp_type = ICMP_ECHO; 477 icp->icmp_code = 0; 478 icp->icmp_cksum = 0; 479 icp->icmp_seq = ntransmitted++; 480 icp->icmp_id = ident; /* ID */ 481 482 CLR(icp->icmp_seq % mx_dup_ck); 483 484 if (timing) 485 (void)gettimeofday((struct timeval *)&outpack[8], 486 (struct timezone *)NULL); 487 488 cc = datalen + 8; /* skips ICMP portion */ 489 490 /* compute ICMP checksum here */ 491 icp->icmp_cksum = in_cksum((u_short *)icp, cc); 492 493 i = sendto(s, (char *)outpack, cc, 0, &whereto, 494 sizeof(struct sockaddr)); 495 496 if (i < 0 || i != cc) { 497 if (i < 0) 498 perror("ping: sendto"); 499 (void)printf("ping: wrote %s %d chars, ret=%d\n", 500 hostname, cc, i); 501 } 502 if (!(options & F_QUIET) && options & F_FLOOD) 503 (void)write(STDOUT_FILENO, &DOT, 1); 504 } 505 506 /* 507 * pr_pack -- 508 * Print out the packet, if it came from us. This logic is necessary 509 * because ALL readers of the ICMP socket get a copy of ALL ICMP packets 510 * which arrive ('tis only fair). This permits multiple copies of this 511 * program to be run without having intermingled output (or statistics!). 512 */ 513 pr_pack(buf, cc, from) 514 char *buf; 515 int cc; 516 struct sockaddr_in *from; 517 { 518 register struct icmp *icp; 519 register u_long l; 520 register int i, j; 521 register u_char *cp,*dp; 522 static int old_rrlen; 523 static char old_rr[MAX_IPOPTLEN]; 524 struct ip *ip; 525 struct timeval tv, *tp; 526 double triptime; 527 int hlen, dupflag; 528 529 (void)gettimeofday(&tv, (struct timezone *)NULL); 530 531 /* Check the IP header */ 532 ip = (struct ip *)buf; 533 hlen = ip->ip_hl << 2; 534 if (cc < hlen + ICMP_MINLEN) { 535 if (options & F_VERBOSE) 536 (void)fprintf(stderr, 537 "ping: packet too short (%d bytes) from %s\n", cc, 538 inet_ntoa(*(struct in_addr *)&from->sin_addr.s_addr)); 539 return; 540 } 541 542 /* Now the ICMP part */ 543 cc -= hlen; 544 icp = (struct icmp *)(buf + hlen); 545 if (icp->icmp_type == ICMP_ECHOREPLY) { 546 if (icp->icmp_id != ident) 547 return; /* 'Twas not our ECHO */ 548 ++nreceived; 549 if (timing) { 550 #ifndef icmp_data 551 tp = (struct timeval *)&icp->icmp_ip; 552 #else 553 tp = (struct timeval *)icp->icmp_data; 554 #endif 555 tvsub(&tv, tp); 556 triptime = tv.tv_sec * 1000000.0 + tv.tv_usec; 557 tsum += triptime; 558 if (triptime < tmin) 559 tmin = triptime; 560 if (triptime > tmax) 561 tmax = triptime; 562 } 563 564 if (TST(icp->icmp_seq % mx_dup_ck)) { 565 ++nrepeats; 566 --nreceived; 567 dupflag = 1; 568 } else { 569 SET(icp->icmp_seq % mx_dup_ck); 570 dupflag = 0; 571 } 572 573 if (options & F_QUIET) 574 return; 575 576 if (options & F_FLOOD) 577 (void)write(STDOUT_FILENO, &BSPACE, 1); 578 else { 579 (void)printf("%d bytes from %s: icmp_seq=%u", cc, 580 inet_ntoa(*(struct in_addr *)&from->sin_addr.s_addr), 581 icp->icmp_seq); 582 (void)printf(" ttl=%d", ip->ip_ttl); 583 if (timing) 584 (void)printf(" time=%.3f ms", triptime/1000.0); 585 if (dupflag) 586 (void)printf(" (DUP!)"); 587 /* check the data */ 588 cp = (u_char*)&icp->icmp_data[8]; 589 dp = &outpack[8 + sizeof(struct timeval)]; 590 for (i = 8; i < datalen; ++i, ++cp, ++dp) { 591 if (*cp != *dp) { 592 (void)printf("\nwrong data byte #%d should be 0x%x but was 0x%x", 593 i, *dp, *cp); 594 cp = (u_char*)&icp->icmp_data[0]; 595 for (i = 8; i < datalen; ++i, ++cp) { 596 if ((i % 32) == 8) 597 (void)printf("\n\t"); 598 (void)printf("%x ", *cp); 599 } 600 break; 601 } 602 } 603 } 604 } else { 605 /* We've got something other than an ECHOREPLY */ 606 if (!(options & F_VERBOSE)) 607 return; 608 (void)printf("%d bytes from %s: ", cc, 609 pr_addr(from->sin_addr.s_addr)); 610 pr_icmph(icp); 611 } 612 613 /* Display any IP options */ 614 cp = (u_char *)buf + sizeof(struct ip); 615 616 for (; hlen > (int)sizeof(struct ip); --hlen, ++cp) 617 switch (*cp) { 618 case IPOPT_EOL: 619 hlen = 0; 620 break; 621 case IPOPT_LSRR: 622 (void)printf("\nLSRR: "); 623 hlen -= 2; 624 j = *++cp; 625 ++cp; 626 if (j > IPOPT_MINOFF) 627 for (;;) { 628 l = *++cp; 629 l = (l<<8) + *++cp; 630 l = (l<<8) + *++cp; 631 l = (l<<8) + *++cp; 632 if (l == 0) 633 (void)printf("\t0.0.0.0"); 634 else 635 (void)printf("\t%s", pr_addr(ntohl(l))); 636 hlen -= 4; 637 j -= 4; 638 if (j <= IPOPT_MINOFF) 639 break; 640 (void)putchar('\n'); 641 } 642 break; 643 case IPOPT_RR: 644 j = *++cp; /* get length */ 645 i = *++cp; /* and pointer */ 646 hlen -= 2; 647 if (i > j) 648 i = j; 649 i -= IPOPT_MINOFF; 650 if (i <= 0) 651 continue; 652 if (i == old_rrlen 653 && cp == (u_char *)buf + sizeof(struct ip) + 2 654 && !bcmp((char *)cp, old_rr, i) 655 && !(options & F_FLOOD)) { 656 (void)printf("\t(same route)"); 657 i = ((i + 3) / 4) * 4; 658 hlen -= i; 659 cp += i; 660 break; 661 } 662 old_rrlen = i; 663 bcopy((char *)cp, old_rr, i); 664 (void)printf("\nRR: "); 665 for (;;) { 666 l = *++cp; 667 l = (l<<8) + *++cp; 668 l = (l<<8) + *++cp; 669 l = (l<<8) + *++cp; 670 if (l == 0) 671 (void)printf("\t0.0.0.0"); 672 else 673 (void)printf("\t%s", pr_addr(ntohl(l))); 674 hlen -= 4; 675 i -= 4; 676 if (i <= 0) 677 break; 678 (void)putchar('\n'); 679 } 680 break; 681 case IPOPT_NOP: 682 (void)printf("\nNOP"); 683 break; 684 default: 685 (void)printf("\nunknown option %x", *cp); 686 break; 687 } 688 if (!(options & F_FLOOD)) { 689 (void)putchar('\n'); 690 (void)fflush(stdout); 691 } 692 } 693 694 /* 695 * in_cksum -- 696 * Checksum routine for Internet Protocol family headers (C Version) 697 */ 698 in_cksum(addr, len) 699 u_short *addr; 700 int len; 701 { 702 register int nleft = len; 703 register u_short *w = addr; 704 register int sum = 0; 705 u_short answer = 0; 706 707 /* 708 * Our algorithm is simple, using a 32 bit accumulator (sum), we add 709 * sequential 16 bit words to it, and at the end, fold back all the 710 * carry bits from the top 16 bits into the lower 16 bits. 711 */ 712 while (nleft > 1) { 713 sum += *w++; 714 nleft -= 2; 715 } 716 717 /* mop up an odd byte, if necessary */ 718 if (nleft == 1) { 719 *(u_char *)(&answer) = *(u_char *)w ; 720 sum += answer; 721 } 722 723 /* add back carry outs from top 16 bits to low 16 bits */ 724 sum = (sum >> 16) + (sum & 0xffff); /* add hi 16 to low 16 */ 725 sum += (sum >> 16); /* add carry */ 726 answer = ~sum; /* truncate to 16 bits */ 727 return(answer); 728 } 729 730 /* 731 * tvsub -- 732 * Subtract 2 timeval structs: out = out - in. Out is assumed to 733 * be >= in. 734 */ 735 tvsub(out, in) 736 register struct timeval *out, *in; 737 { 738 if ((out->tv_usec -= in->tv_usec) < 0) { 739 --out->tv_sec; 740 out->tv_usec += 1000000; 741 } 742 out->tv_sec -= in->tv_sec; 743 } 744 745 /* 746 * finish -- 747 * Print out statistics, and give up. 748 */ 749 void 750 finish() 751 { 752 (void)signal(SIGINT, SIG_IGN); 753 (void)putchar('\n'); 754 (void)fflush(stdout); 755 (void)printf("--- %s ping statistics ---\n", hostname); 756 (void)printf("%ld packets transmitted, ", ntransmitted); 757 (void)printf("%ld packets received, ", nreceived); 758 if (nrepeats) 759 (void)printf("+%ld duplicates, ", nrepeats); 760 if (ntransmitted) 761 if (nreceived > ntransmitted) 762 (void)printf("-- somebody's printing up packets!"); 763 else 764 (void)printf("%d%% packet loss", 765 (int) (((ntransmitted - nreceived) * 100) / 766 ntransmitted)); 767 (void)putchar('\n'); 768 if (nreceived && timing) 769 (void)printf("round-trip min/avg/max = %.3f/%.3f/%.3f ms\n", 770 tmin / 1000.0, tsum / 1000.0 / (nreceived + nrepeats), 771 tmax / 1000.0); 772 exit(0); 773 } 774 775 #ifdef notdef 776 static char *ttab[] = { 777 "Echo Reply", /* ip + seq + udata */ 778 "Dest Unreachable", /* net, host, proto, port, frag, sr + IP */ 779 "Source Quench", /* IP */ 780 "Redirect", /* redirect type, gateway, + IP */ 781 "Echo", 782 "Time Exceeded", /* transit, frag reassem + IP */ 783 "Parameter Problem", /* pointer + IP */ 784 "Timestamp", /* id + seq + three timestamps */ 785 "Timestamp Reply", /* " */ 786 "Info Request", /* id + sq */ 787 "Info Reply" /* " */ 788 }; 789 #endif 790 791 /* 792 * pr_icmph -- 793 * Print a descriptive string about an ICMP header. 794 */ 795 pr_icmph(icp) 796 struct icmp *icp; 797 { 798 switch(icp->icmp_type) { 799 case ICMP_ECHOREPLY: 800 (void)printf("Echo Reply\n"); 801 /* XXX ID + Seq + Data */ 802 break; 803 case ICMP_UNREACH: 804 switch(icp->icmp_code) { 805 case ICMP_UNREACH_NET: 806 (void)printf("Destination Net Unreachable\n"); 807 break; 808 case ICMP_UNREACH_HOST: 809 (void)printf("Destination Host Unreachable\n"); 810 break; 811 case ICMP_UNREACH_PROTOCOL: 812 (void)printf("Destination Protocol Unreachable\n"); 813 break; 814 case ICMP_UNREACH_PORT: 815 (void)printf("Destination Port Unreachable\n"); 816 break; 817 case ICMP_UNREACH_NEEDFRAG: 818 (void)printf("frag needed and DF set\n"); 819 break; 820 case ICMP_UNREACH_SRCFAIL: 821 (void)printf("Source Route Failed\n"); 822 break; 823 default: 824 (void)printf("Dest Unreachable, Bad Code: %d\n", 825 icp->icmp_code); 826 break; 827 } 828 /* Print returned IP header information */ 829 #ifndef icmp_data 830 pr_retip(&icp->icmp_ip); 831 #else 832 pr_retip((struct ip *)icp->icmp_data); 833 #endif 834 break; 835 case ICMP_SOURCEQUENCH: 836 (void)printf("Source Quench\n"); 837 #ifndef icmp_data 838 pr_retip(&icp->icmp_ip); 839 #else 840 pr_retip((struct ip *)icp->icmp_data); 841 #endif 842 break; 843 case ICMP_REDIRECT: 844 switch(icp->icmp_code) { 845 case ICMP_REDIRECT_NET: 846 (void)printf("Redirect Network"); 847 break; 848 case ICMP_REDIRECT_HOST: 849 (void)printf("Redirect Host"); 850 break; 851 case ICMP_REDIRECT_TOSNET: 852 (void)printf("Redirect Type of Service and Network"); 853 break; 854 case ICMP_REDIRECT_TOSHOST: 855 (void)printf("Redirect Type of Service and Host"); 856 break; 857 default: 858 (void)printf("Redirect, Bad Code: %d", icp->icmp_code); 859 break; 860 } 861 (void)printf("(New addr: 0x%08lx)\n", icp->icmp_gwaddr.s_addr); 862 #ifndef icmp_data 863 pr_retip(&icp->icmp_ip); 864 #else 865 pr_retip((struct ip *)icp->icmp_data); 866 #endif 867 break; 868 case ICMP_ECHO: 869 (void)printf("Echo Request\n"); 870 /* XXX ID + Seq + Data */ 871 break; 872 case ICMP_TIMXCEED: 873 switch(icp->icmp_code) { 874 case ICMP_TIMXCEED_INTRANS: 875 (void)printf("Time to live exceeded\n"); 876 break; 877 case ICMP_TIMXCEED_REASS: 878 (void)printf("Frag reassembly time exceeded\n"); 879 break; 880 default: 881 (void)printf("Time exceeded, Bad Code: %d\n", 882 icp->icmp_code); 883 break; 884 } 885 #ifndef icmp_data 886 pr_retip(&icp->icmp_ip); 887 #else 888 pr_retip((struct ip *)icp->icmp_data); 889 #endif 890 break; 891 case ICMP_PARAMPROB: 892 (void)printf("Parameter problem: pointer = 0x%02x\n", 893 icp->icmp_hun.ih_pptr); 894 #ifndef icmp_data 895 pr_retip(&icp->icmp_ip); 896 #else 897 pr_retip((struct ip *)icp->icmp_data); 898 #endif 899 break; 900 case ICMP_TSTAMP: 901 (void)printf("Timestamp\n"); 902 /* XXX ID + Seq + 3 timestamps */ 903 break; 904 case ICMP_TSTAMPREPLY: 905 (void)printf("Timestamp Reply\n"); 906 /* XXX ID + Seq + 3 timestamps */ 907 break; 908 case ICMP_IREQ: 909 (void)printf("Information Request\n"); 910 /* XXX ID + Seq */ 911 break; 912 case ICMP_IREQREPLY: 913 (void)printf("Information Reply\n"); 914 /* XXX ID + Seq */ 915 break; 916 #ifdef ICMP_MASKREQ 917 case ICMP_MASKREQ: 918 (void)printf("Address Mask Request\n"); 919 break; 920 #endif 921 #ifdef ICMP_MASKREPLY 922 case ICMP_MASKREPLY: 923 (void)printf("Address Mask Reply\n"); 924 break; 925 #endif 926 default: 927 (void)printf("Bad ICMP type: %d\n", icp->icmp_type); 928 } 929 } 930 931 /* 932 * pr_iph -- 933 * Print an IP header with options. 934 */ 935 pr_iph(ip) 936 struct ip *ip; 937 { 938 int hlen; 939 u_char *cp; 940 941 hlen = ip->ip_hl << 2; 942 cp = (u_char *)ip + 20; /* point to options */ 943 944 (void)printf("Vr HL TOS Len ID Flg off TTL Pro cks Src Dst Data\n"); 945 (void)printf(" %1x %1x %02x %04x %04x", 946 ip->ip_v, ip->ip_hl, ip->ip_tos, ip->ip_len, ip->ip_id); 947 (void)printf(" %1x %04x", ((ip->ip_off) & 0xe000) >> 13, 948 (ip->ip_off) & 0x1fff); 949 (void)printf(" %02x %02x %04x", ip->ip_ttl, ip->ip_p, ip->ip_sum); 950 (void)printf(" %s ", inet_ntoa(*(struct in_addr *)&ip->ip_src.s_addr)); 951 (void)printf(" %s ", inet_ntoa(*(struct in_addr *)&ip->ip_dst.s_addr)); 952 /* dump and option bytes */ 953 while (hlen-- > 20) { 954 (void)printf("%02x", *cp++); 955 } 956 (void)putchar('\n'); 957 } 958 959 /* 960 * pr_addr -- 961 * Return an ascii host address as a dotted quad and optionally with 962 * a hostname. 963 */ 964 char * 965 pr_addr(l) 966 u_long l; 967 { 968 struct hostent *hp; 969 static char buf[80]; 970 971 if ((options & F_NUMERIC) || 972 !(hp = gethostbyaddr((char *)&l, 4, AF_INET))) 973 (void)sprintf(buf, "%s", inet_ntoa(*(struct in_addr *)&l)); 974 else 975 (void)sprintf(buf, "%s (%s)", hp->h_name, 976 inet_ntoa(*(struct in_addr *)&l)); 977 return(buf); 978 } 979 980 /* 981 * pr_retip -- 982 * Dump some info on a returned (via ICMP) IP packet. 983 */ 984 pr_retip(ip) 985 struct ip *ip; 986 { 987 int hlen; 988 u_char *cp; 989 990 pr_iph(ip); 991 hlen = ip->ip_hl << 2; 992 cp = (u_char *)ip + hlen; 993 994 if (ip->ip_p == 6) 995 (void)printf("TCP: from port %u, to port %u (decimal)\n", 996 (*cp * 256 + *(cp + 1)), (*(cp + 2) * 256 + *(cp + 3))); 997 else if (ip->ip_p == 17) 998 (void)printf("UDP: from port %u, to port %u (decimal)\n", 999 (*cp * 256 + *(cp + 1)), (*(cp + 2) * 256 + *(cp + 3))); 1000 } 1001 1002 fill(bp, patp) 1003 char *bp, *patp; 1004 { 1005 register int ii, jj, kk; 1006 int pat[16]; 1007 char *cp; 1008 1009 for (cp = patp; *cp; cp++) 1010 if (!isxdigit(*cp)) { 1011 (void)fprintf(stderr, 1012 "ping: patterns must be specified as hex digits.\n"); 1013 exit(1); 1014 } 1015 ii = sscanf(patp, 1016 "%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x", 1017 &pat[0], &pat[1], &pat[2], &pat[3], &pat[4], &pat[5], &pat[6], 1018 &pat[7], &pat[8], &pat[9], &pat[10], &pat[11], &pat[12], 1019 &pat[13], &pat[14], &pat[15]); 1020 1021 if (ii > 0) 1022 for (kk = 0; kk <= MAXPACKET - (8 + ii); kk += ii) 1023 for (jj = 0; jj < ii; ++jj) 1024 bp[jj + kk] = pat[jj]; 1025 if (!(options & F_QUIET)) { 1026 (void)printf("PATTERN: 0x"); 1027 for (jj = 0; jj < ii; ++jj) 1028 (void)printf("%02x", bp[jj] & 0xFF); 1029 (void)printf("\n"); 1030 } 1031 } 1032 1033 usage() 1034 { 1035 (void)fprintf(stderr, 1036 "usage: ping [-LRdfnqrv] [-c count] [-i wait] [-l preload]\n\t[-p pattern] [-s packetsize] [-t ttl] [-I interface address] host\n"); 1037 exit(1); 1038 } 1039
Indexes created Tue Sep 30 20:09:53 GMT 2025