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savecore.c revision 1.88
      1 /*	$NetBSD: savecore.c,v 1.88 2018/12/27 21:25:46 mrg Exp $	*/
      2 
      3 /*-
      4  * Copyright (c) 1986, 1992, 1993
      5  *	The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.
      6  *
      7  * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
      8  * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
      9  * are met:
     10  * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
     11  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
     12  * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
     13  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
     14  *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
     15  * 3. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
     16  *    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
     17  *    without specific prior written permission.
     18  *
     19  * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
     20  * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
     21  * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
     22  * ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
     23  * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
     24  * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
     25  * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
     26  * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
     27  * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
     28  * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
     29  * SUCH DAMAGE.
     30  */
     31 
     32 #include <sys/cdefs.h>
     33 #ifndef lint
     34 __COPYRIGHT("@(#) Copyright (c) 1986, 1992, 1993\
     35  The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.");
     36 #endif /* not lint */
     37 
     38 #ifndef lint
     39 #if 0
     40 static char sccsid[] = "@(#)savecore.c	8.5 (Berkeley) 4/28/95";
     41 #else
     42 __RCSID("$NetBSD: savecore.c,v 1.88 2018/12/27 21:25:46 mrg Exp $");
     43 #endif
     44 #endif /* not lint */
     45 
     46 #define _KSYMS_PRIVATE
     47 
     48 #include <stdbool.h>
     49 
     50 #include <sys/param.h>
     51 #include <sys/mount.h>
     52 #include <sys/msgbuf.h>
     53 #include <sys/syslog.h>
     54 #include <sys/time.h>
     55 #include <sys/ksyms.h>
     56 
     57 #include <dirent.h>
     58 #include <errno.h>
     59 #include <fcntl.h>
     60 #include <nlist.h>
     61 #include <paths.h>
     62 #include <stddef.h>
     63 #include <stdio.h>
     64 #include <stdlib.h>
     65 #include <string.h>
     66 #include <time.h>
     67 #include <tzfile.h>
     68 #include <unistd.h>
     69 #include <util.h>
     70 #include <limits.h>
     71 #include <stdarg.h>
     72 #include <kvm.h>
     73 
     74 extern FILE *zopen(const char *fname, const char *mode);
     75 
     76 /*
     77  * Note that KREAD_LOGWARN takes a variable name, not pointer to it, unlike
     78  * KREAD() itself.
     79  */
     80 #define	KREAD(kd, addr, p)\
     81 	(kvm_read(kd, addr, (char *)(p), sizeof(*(p))) != sizeof(*(p)))
     82 #define KREAD_LOGWARN(kd, addr, p, err)					\
     83 do {									\
     84 	if (KREAD(kd, addr, &(p)) != 0) {				\
     85 		syslog(LOG_WARNING, "%s:%d: kvm_read " #p ": %s",	\
     86 			__func__, __LINE__, kvm_geterr(kd));		\
     87 		err;							\
     88 	}								\
     89 } while (0)
     90 
     91 static struct nlist current_nl[] = {	/* Namelist for currently running system. */
     92 #define	X_DUMPDEV	0
     93 	{ .n_name = "_dumpdev" },
     94 #define	X_DUMPLO	1
     95 	{ .n_name = "_dumplo" },
     96 #define	X_TIME_SECOND	2
     97 	{ .n_name = "_time_second" },
     98 #define X_TIME		3
     99 	{ .n_name = "_time" },
    100 #define	X_DUMPSIZE	4
    101 	{ .n_name = "_dumpsize" },
    102 #define	X_VERSION	5
    103 	{ .n_name = "_version" },
    104 #define	X_DUMPMAG	6
    105 	{ .n_name = "_dumpmag" },
    106 #define	X_PANICSTR	7
    107 	{ .n_name = "_panicstr" },
    108 #define	X_PANICSTART	8
    109 	{ .n_name = "_panicstart" },
    110 #define	X_PANICEND	9
    111 	{ .n_name = "_panicend" },
    112 #define	X_MSGBUF	10
    113 	{ .n_name = "_msgbufp" },
    114 #define	X_DUMPCDEV	11
    115 	{ .n_name = "_dumpcdev" },
    116 #define X_SYMSZ		12
    117 	{ .n_name = "_ksyms_symsz" },
    118 #define X_STRSZ		13
    119 	{ .n_name = "_ksyms_strsz" },
    120 #define X_KHDR		14
    121 	{ .n_name = "_ksyms_hdr" },
    122 #define X_SYMTABS	15
    123 	{ .n_name = "_ksyms_symtabs" },
    124 	{ .n_name = NULL },
    125 };
    126 static int cursyms[] = { X_DUMPDEV, X_DUMPLO, X_VERSION, X_DUMPMAG, X_DUMPCDEV, -1 };
    127 static int dumpsyms[] = { X_TIME_SECOND, X_TIME, X_DUMPSIZE, X_VERSION, X_PANICSTR,
    128     X_DUMPMAG, X_SYMSZ, X_STRSZ, X_KHDR, X_SYMTABS, -1 };
    129 
    130 static struct nlist dump_nl[] = {	/* Name list for dumped system. */
    131 	{ .n_name = "_dumpdev" },	/* Entries MUST be the same as */
    132 	{ .n_name = "_dumplo" },	/*	those in current_nl[].  */
    133 	{ .n_name = "_time_second" },
    134 	{ .n_name = "_time" },
    135 	{ .n_name = "_dumpsize" },
    136 	{ .n_name = "_version" },
    137 	{ .n_name = "_dumpmag" },
    138 	{ .n_name = "_panicstr" },
    139 	{ .n_name = "_panicstart" },
    140 	{ .n_name = "_panicend" },
    141 	{ .n_name = "_msgbufp" },
    142 	{ .n_name = "_dumpcdev" },
    143 	{ .n_name = "_ksyms_symsz" },
    144 	{ .n_name = "_ksyms_strsz" },
    145 	{ .n_name = "_ksyms_hdr" },
    146 	{ .n_name = "_ksyms_symtabs" },
    147 	{ .n_name = NULL },
    148 };
    149 
    150 /* Types match kernel declarations. */
    151 static off_t	dumplo;				/* where dump starts on dumpdev */
    152 static u_int32_t dumpmag;			/* magic number in dump */
    153 static int	dumpsize;			/* amount of memory dumped */
    154 static off_t dumpbytes;			/* in bytes */
    155 
    156 static const char	*kernel;		/* name of used kernel */
    157 static const char	*dirname;		/* directory to save dumps in */
    158 static char	*ddname;			/* name of dump device */
    159 static dev_t	dumpdev;			/* dump device */
    160 static dev_t	dumpcdev = NODEV;		/* dump device (char equivalent) */
    161 static int	dumpfd;				/* read/write descriptor on dev */
    162 static kvm_t	*kd_dump;			/* kvm descriptor on dev	*/
    163 static time_t	now;				/* current date */
    164 static char	panic_mesg[1024];
    165 static long	panicstr;
    166 static char	vers[1024];
    167 static char	gzmode[3];
    168 
    169 static void	check_kmem(void);
    170 static int	check_space(void);
    171 static void	clear_dump(void);
    172 static int	Create(char *, int);
    173 static int	dump_exists(int);
    174 static char	*find_dev(dev_t, mode_t);
    175 static int	get_crashtime(void);
    176 static void	kmem_setup(int);
    177 static void	Lseek(int, off_t, int);
    178 static int	Open(const char *, int rw);
    179 static void	save_core(int);
    180 __dead static void	usage(const char *fmt, ...) __printflike(1, 2);
    181 
    182 int
    183 main(int argc, char *argv[])
    184 {
    185 	int ch, level, testonly, compress, force, clear, verbose;
    186 	char *ep;
    187 
    188 	kernel = NULL;
    189 	level = 1;		/* default to fastest gzip compression */
    190 	force = 0;
    191 	clear = 0;
    192 	testonly = 0;
    193 	verbose = 0;
    194 	compress = 0;
    195 	gzmode[0] = 'w';
    196 
    197 	openlog("savecore", LOG_PERROR, LOG_DAEMON);
    198 
    199 	while ((ch = getopt(argc, argv, "cdfnN:vzZ:")) != -1)
    200 		switch(ch) {
    201 		case 'c':
    202 			clear = 1;
    203 			break;
    204 		case 'd':		/* Not documented. */
    205 		case 'v':
    206 			verbose = 1;
    207 			break;
    208 		case 'f':
    209 			force = 1;
    210 			break;
    211 		case 'n':
    212 			testonly = 1;
    213 			break;
    214 		case 'N':
    215 			kernel = optarg;
    216 			break;
    217 		case 'z':
    218 			compress = 1;
    219 			break;
    220 		case 'Z':
    221 			level = (int)strtol(optarg, &ep, 10);
    222 			if (level < 0 || level > 9)
    223 				usage("Invalid compression `%s'", optarg);
    224 			break;
    225 		case '?':
    226 			usage("Missing argument for flag `%c'", optopt);
    227 		default:
    228 			usage("Unknown flag `%c'", ch);
    229 		}
    230 	argc -= optind;
    231 	argv += optind;
    232 
    233 	if (argc != 0)
    234 		dirname = argv[0];
    235 	else
    236 		dirname = "/var/crash";
    237 
    238 	gzmode[1] = level + '0';
    239 
    240 	(void)time(&now);
    241 	kmem_setup(verbose);
    242 
    243 	if (clear && !testonly) {
    244 		clear_dump();
    245 		exit(0);
    246 	}
    247 
    248 	if (!dump_exists(verbose) && !force)
    249 		exit(1);
    250 
    251 	if (testonly)
    252 		/* If -n was passed and there was a dump, exit at level 0 */
    253 		exit(0);
    254 
    255 	check_kmem();
    256 
    257 	if (panicstr)
    258 		syslog(LOG_ALERT, "reboot after panic: %s", panic_mesg);
    259 	else
    260 		syslog(LOG_ALERT, "reboot");
    261 
    262 	if ((!get_crashtime() || !check_space()) && !force)
    263 		exit(1);
    264 
    265 	save_core(compress);
    266 
    267 	clear_dump();
    268 	exit(0);
    269 }
    270 
    271 static void
    272 kmem_setup(int verbose)
    273 {
    274 	long l_dumplo;
    275 	kvm_t *kd_kern;
    276 	char errbuf[_POSIX2_LINE_MAX];
    277 	int i, hdrsz;
    278 
    279 	/*
    280 	 * Some names we need for the currently running system, others for
    281 	 * the system that was running when the dump was made.  The values
    282 	 * obtained from the current system are used to look for things in
    283 	 * /dev/kmem that cannot be found in the kernel namelist, but are
    284 	 * presumed to be the same (since the disk partitions are probably
    285 	 * the same!)
    286 	 */
    287 	kd_kern = kvm_openfiles(kernel, NULL, NULL, O_RDONLY, errbuf);
    288 	if (kd_kern == NULL) {
    289 		syslog(LOG_ERR, "%s: kvm_openfiles: %s", kernel, errbuf);
    290 		exit(1);
    291 	}
    292 	if (kvm_nlist(kd_kern, current_nl) == -1)
    293 		syslog(LOG_ERR, "%s: kvm_nlist: %s", kernel,
    294 		    kvm_geterr(kd_kern));
    295 
    296 	for (i = 0; cursyms[i] != -1; i++) {
    297 		if (current_nl[cursyms[i]].n_value != 0)
    298 			continue;
    299 		switch (cursyms[i]) {
    300 		case X_TIME_SECOND:
    301 		case X_TIME:
    302 		case X_DUMPCDEV:
    303 			break;
    304 		default:
    305 			syslog(LOG_ERR, "%s: %s not in namelist",
    306 			    kernel, current_nl[cursyms[i]].n_name);
    307 			exit(1);
    308 		}
    309 	}
    310 
    311 	KREAD_LOGWARN(kd_kern, current_nl[X_DUMPDEV].n_value, dumpdev, exit(1));
    312 	if (dumpdev == NODEV) {
    313 		syslog(LOG_WARNING, "no core dump (no dumpdev)");
    314 		exit(1);
    315 	}
    316 	KREAD_LOGWARN(kd_kern, current_nl[X_DUMPLO].n_value, l_dumplo, exit(1));
    317 	if (l_dumplo == -1) {
    318 		syslog(LOG_WARNING, "no core dump (invalid dumplo)");
    319 		exit(1);
    320 	}
    321 	dumplo = DEV_BSIZE * (off_t) l_dumplo;
    322 
    323 	if (verbose)
    324 		(void)printf("dumplo = %lld (%ld * %ld)\n",
    325 		    (long long)dumplo, (long)(dumplo / DEV_BSIZE), (long)DEV_BSIZE);
    326 	KREAD_LOGWARN(kd_kern, current_nl[X_DUMPMAG].n_value, dumpmag, exit(1));
    327 
    328 	(void)kvm_read(kd_kern, current_nl[X_VERSION].n_value, vers,
    329 	    sizeof(vers));
    330 	vers[sizeof(vers) - 1] = '\0';
    331 
    332 	if (current_nl[X_DUMPCDEV].n_value != 0) {
    333 		KREAD_LOGWARN(kd_kern, current_nl[X_DUMPCDEV].n_value, dumpcdev,
    334 		    exit(1));
    335 		ddname = find_dev(dumpcdev, S_IFCHR);
    336 	} else
    337 		ddname = find_dev(dumpdev, S_IFBLK);
    338 	if (strncmp(ddname, "/dev/cons", 8) == 0 ||
    339 	    strncmp(ddname, "/dev/tty", 7) == 0 ||
    340 	    strncmp(ddname, "/dev/pty", 7) == 0 ||
    341 	    strncmp(ddname, "/dev/pts", 7) == 0) {
    342 		syslog(LOG_ERR, "dumpdev %s is tty; override kernel", ddname);
    343 		exit(1);
    344 	}
    345 	dumpfd = Open(ddname, O_RDWR);
    346 
    347 	kd_dump = kvm_openfiles(kernel, ddname, NULL, O_RDWR, errbuf);
    348 	if (kd_dump == NULL) {
    349 		syslog(LOG_ERR, "%s: kvm_openfiles: %s", kernel, errbuf);
    350 		exit(1);
    351 	}
    352 
    353 	if (kvm_nlist(kd_dump, dump_nl) == -1)
    354 		syslog(LOG_ERR, "%s: kvm_nlist: %s", kernel,
    355 		    kvm_geterr(kd_dump));
    356 
    357 	for (i = 0; dumpsyms[i] != -1; i++)
    358 		if (dump_nl[dumpsyms[i]].n_value == 0 &&
    359 			dumpsyms[i] != X_TIME_SECOND &&
    360 			dumpsyms[i] != X_TIME) {
    361 			syslog(LOG_ERR, "%s: %s not in namelist",
    362 			    kernel, dump_nl[dumpsyms[i]].n_name);
    363 			exit(1);
    364 		}
    365 	hdrsz = kvm_dump_mkheader(kd_dump, dumplo);
    366 
    367 	/*
    368 	 * If 'hdrsz' == 0, kvm_dump_mkheader() failed on the magic-number
    369 	 * checks, ergo no dump is present...
    370 	 */
    371 	if (hdrsz == 0) {
    372 		syslog(LOG_WARNING, "no core dump");
    373 		exit(1);
    374 	}
    375 	if (hdrsz == -1) {
    376 		syslog(LOG_ERR, "%s: kvm_dump_mkheader: %s", kernel,
    377 		    kvm_geterr(kd_dump));
    378 		exit(1);
    379 	}
    380 	dumplo += hdrsz;
    381 	kvm_close(kd_kern);
    382 }
    383 
    384 static void
    385 check_kmem(void)
    386 {
    387 	char *cp, *bufdata;
    388 	struct kern_msgbuf msgbuf, *bufp;
    389 	long panicloc, panicstart, panicend;
    390 	char core_vers[1024];
    391 
    392 	(void)kvm_read(kd_dump, dump_nl[X_VERSION].n_value, core_vers,
    393 	    sizeof(core_vers));
    394 	core_vers[sizeof(core_vers) - 1] = '\0';
    395 
    396 	if (strcmp(vers, core_vers) != 0)
    397 		syslog(LOG_WARNING,
    398 		    "warning: %s version mismatch:\n\t%s\nand\t%s\n",
    399 		    kvm_getkernelname(kd_dump), vers, core_vers);
    400 
    401 	panicstart = panicend = 0;
    402 	KREAD_LOGWARN(kd_dump, dump_nl[X_PANICSTART].n_value, panicstart,
    403 	    goto nomsguf);
    404 	KREAD_LOGWARN(kd_dump, dump_nl[X_PANICEND].n_value, panicend,
    405 	    goto nomsguf);
    406 
    407 	if (panicstart != 0 && panicend != 0) {
    408 		KREAD_LOGWARN(kd_dump, dump_nl[X_MSGBUF].n_value, bufp,
    409 		    goto nomsguf);
    410 		/* Reads msg_bufs[1], but doesn't matter. */
    411 		KREAD_LOGWARN(kd_dump, (long)bufp, msgbuf,
    412 		    goto nomsguf);
    413 		if (msgbuf.msg_magic != MSG_MAGIC) {
    414 			syslog(LOG_WARNING, "msgbuf magic incorrect (%lx != %lx)",
    415 			    msgbuf.msg_magic, (long)MSG_MAGIC);
    416 			goto nomsguf;
    417 		}
    418 		bufdata = malloc(msgbuf.msg_bufs);
    419 		if (bufdata == NULL) {
    420 			syslog(LOG_WARNING, "couldn't allocate space for msgbuf data");
    421 			goto nomsguf;
    422 		}
    423 		if (kvm_read(kd_dump, (long)&bufp->msg_bufc, bufdata,
    424 		    msgbuf.msg_bufs) != msgbuf.msg_bufs) {
    425 			syslog(LOG_WARNING, "kvm_read dmesg buffer: %s",
    426 			    kvm_geterr(kd_dump));
    427 			free(bufdata);
    428 			goto nomsguf;
    429 		}
    430 		cp = panic_mesg;
    431 		while (panicstart != panicend && cp < &panic_mesg[sizeof(panic_mesg)-1]) {
    432 			*cp++ = bufdata[panicstart];
    433 			panicstart++;
    434 			if (panicstart >= msgbuf.msg_bufs)
    435 				panicstart = 0;
    436 		}
    437 		/* Don't end in a new-line */
    438 		cp = &panic_mesg[strlen(panic_mesg)] - 1;
    439 		if (*cp == '\n')
    440 			*cp = '\0';
    441 		panic_mesg[sizeof(panic_mesg) - 1] = '\0';
    442 		free(bufdata);
    443 
    444 		panicstr = 1;	/* anything not zero */
    445 		return;
    446 	}
    447 nomsguf:
    448 	KREAD_LOGWARN(kd_dump, dump_nl[X_PANICSTR].n_value, panicstr,
    449 	    return);
    450 	if (panicstr) {
    451 		cp = panic_mesg;
    452 		panicloc = panicstr;
    453 		do {
    454 			if (KREAD(kd_dump, panicloc, cp) != 0) {
    455 				syslog(LOG_WARNING, "kvm_read msgbuf: %s",
    456 				    kvm_geterr(kd_dump));
    457 				break;
    458 			}
    459 			panicloc++;
    460 		} while (*cp++ && cp < &panic_mesg[sizeof(panic_mesg)-1]);
    461 		panic_mesg[sizeof(panic_mesg) - 1] = '\0';
    462 	}
    463 }
    464 
    465 static int
    466 dump_exists(int verbose)
    467 {
    468 	u_int32_t newdumpmag;
    469 
    470 	/* Read the dump magic and size. */
    471 	KREAD_LOGWARN(kd_dump, dump_nl[X_DUMPMAG].n_value, newdumpmag, return 0);
    472 	KREAD_LOGWARN(kd_dump, dump_nl[X_DUMPSIZE].n_value, dumpsize, return 0);
    473 
    474 	dumpbytes = (off_t)dumpsize * getpagesize();
    475 
    476 	/*
    477 	 * Return zero if core dump doesn't seem to be there, and note
    478 	 * it for syslog.  This check and return happens after the dump size
    479 	 * is read, so dumpsize is whether or not the core is valid (for -f).
    480 	 */
    481 	if (newdumpmag != dumpmag) {
    482 		if (verbose)
    483 			syslog(LOG_WARNING, "magic number mismatch "
    484 			    "(%#x != %#x)", newdumpmag, dumpmag);
    485 		syslog(LOG_WARNING, "no core dump");
    486 		return (0);
    487 	}
    488 	return (1);
    489 }
    490 
    491 static void
    492 clear_dump(void)
    493 {
    494 	if (kvm_dump_inval(kd_dump) == -1)
    495 		syslog(LOG_ERR, "%s: kvm_dump_inval: %s", ddname,
    496 		    kvm_geterr(kd_dump));
    497 
    498 }
    499 
    500 static char buf[1024 * 1024];
    501 
    502 static void
    503 save_kernel(FILE *fp, char *path)
    504 {
    505 	int nw, nr, ifd;
    506 
    507 	ifd = Open(kernel, O_RDONLY);
    508 	while ((nr = read(ifd, buf, sizeof(buf))) > 0) {
    509 		nw = fwrite(buf, 1, nr, fp);
    510 		if (nw != nr) {
    511 			syslog(LOG_ERR, "%s: %s",
    512 			    path, strerror(nw == 0 ? EIO : errno));
    513 			syslog(LOG_WARNING,
    514 			    "WARNING: kernel may be incomplete");
    515 			exit(1);
    516 		}
    517 	}
    518 	if (nr < 0) {
    519 		syslog(LOG_ERR, "%s: %m", kernel);
    520 		syslog(LOG_WARNING, "WARNING: kernel may be incomplete");
    521 		exit(1);
    522 	}
    523 }
    524 
    525 static int
    526 ksymsget(u_long addr, void *ptr, size_t size)
    527 {
    528 
    529 	if ((size_t)kvm_read(kd_dump, addr, ptr, size) != size) {
    530 		syslog(LOG_WARNING, "kvm_read ksyms: %s", kvm_geterr(kd_dump));
    531 		return 1;
    532 	}
    533 	return 0;
    534 }
    535 
    536 static int
    537 save_ksyms(FILE *fp, char *path)
    538 {
    539 	struct ksyms_hdr khdr;
    540 	int nw, symsz, strsz;
    541 	TAILQ_HEAD(, ksyms_symtab) symtabs;
    542 	struct ksyms_symtab st, *stptr;
    543 	void *p;
    544 
    545 	/* Get basic info and ELF headers, check if ksyms was on. */
    546 	if (ksymsget(dump_nl[X_KHDR].n_value, &khdr, sizeof(khdr)))
    547 		return 1;
    548 	if (ksymsget(dump_nl[X_SYMSZ].n_value, &symsz, sizeof(symsz)))
    549 		return 1;
    550 	if (ksymsget(dump_nl[X_STRSZ].n_value, &strsz, sizeof(strsz)))
    551 		return 1;
    552 	if (symsz == 0 || strsz == 0)
    553 		return 1;
    554 
    555 	/* Update the ELF section headers for symbols/strings. */
    556 	khdr.kh_shdr[SYMTAB].sh_size = symsz;
    557 	khdr.kh_shdr[SYMTAB].sh_info = symsz / sizeof(Elf_Sym);
    558 	khdr.kh_shdr[STRTAB].sh_offset = symsz +
    559 	    khdr.kh_shdr[SYMTAB].sh_offset;
    560 	khdr.kh_shdr[STRTAB].sh_size = strsz;
    561 
    562 	/* Write out the ELF headers. */
    563 	nw = fwrite(&khdr, 1, sizeof(khdr), fp);
    564 	if (nw != sizeof(khdr)) {
    565 		syslog(LOG_ERR, "%s: %s",
    566 		    path, strerror(nw == 0 ? EIO : errno));
    567 		syslog(LOG_WARNING,
    568 		    "WARNING: kernel may be incomplete");
    569 		exit(1);
    570         }
    571 
    572         /* Dump symbol table. */
    573 	if (ksymsget(dump_nl[X_SYMTABS].n_value, &symtabs, sizeof(symtabs)))
    574 		return 1;
    575 	stptr = TAILQ_FIRST(&symtabs);
    576 	while (stptr != NULL) {
    577 		if (ksymsget((u_long)stptr, &st, sizeof(st)))
    578 			return 1;
    579 		stptr = TAILQ_NEXT(&st, sd_queue);
    580 		if ((p = malloc(st.sd_symsize)) == NULL)
    581 			return 1;
    582 		if (ksymsget((u_long)st.sd_symstart, p, st.sd_symsize)) {
    583 			free(p);
    584 			return 1;
    585 		}
    586 		nw = fwrite(p, 1, st.sd_symsize, fp);
    587 		free(p);
    588 		if (nw != st.sd_symsize) {
    589 			syslog(LOG_ERR, "%s: %s",
    590 			    path, strerror(nw == 0 ? EIO : errno));
    591 			syslog(LOG_WARNING,
    592 			    "WARNING: kernel may be incomplete");
    593 			exit(1);
    594 		}
    595 	}
    596 
    597 	/* Dump string table. */
    598 	if (ksymsget(dump_nl[X_SYMTABS].n_value, &symtabs, sizeof(symtabs)))
    599 		return 1;
    600 	stptr = TAILQ_FIRST(&symtabs);
    601 	while (stptr != NULL) {
    602 		if (ksymsget((u_long)stptr, &st, sizeof(st)))
    603 			return 1;
    604 		stptr = TAILQ_NEXT(&st, sd_queue);
    605 		if ((p = malloc(st.sd_symsize)) == NULL)
    606 			return 1;
    607 		if (ksymsget((u_long)st.sd_strstart, p, st.sd_strsize)) {
    608 			free(p);
    609 			return 1;
    610 		}
    611 		nw = fwrite(p, 1, st.sd_strsize, fp);
    612 		free(p);
    613 		if (nw != st.sd_strsize) {
    614 			syslog(LOG_ERR, "%s: %s",
    615 			    path, strerror(nw == 0 ? EIO : errno));
    616 			syslog(LOG_WARNING,
    617 			    "WARNING: kernel may be incomplete");
    618 			exit(1);
    619 		}
    620 	}
    621 
    622 	return 0;
    623 }
    624 
    625 static void
    626 save_core(int compress)
    627 {
    628 	FILE *fp;
    629 	int bounds, ifd, nr, nw, ofd, tryksyms;
    630 	char path[MAXPATHLEN], rbuf[MAXPATHLEN];
    631 	const char *rawp;
    632 
    633 	ofd = -1;
    634 	/*
    635 	 * Get the current number and update the bounds file.  Do the update
    636 	 * now, because may fail later and don't want to overwrite anything.
    637 	 */
    638 	umask(066);
    639 	(void)snprintf(path, sizeof(path), "%s/bounds", dirname);
    640 	if ((fp = fopen(path, "r")) == NULL)
    641 		goto err1;
    642 	if (fgets(buf, sizeof(buf), fp) == NULL) {
    643 		if (ferror(fp))
    644 err1:			syslog(LOG_WARNING, "%s: %m", path);
    645 		bounds = 0;
    646 	} else
    647 		bounds = atoi(buf);
    648 	if (fp != NULL)
    649 		(void)fclose(fp);
    650 	if ((fp = fopen(path, "w")) == NULL)
    651 		syslog(LOG_ERR, "%s: %m", path);
    652 	else {
    653 		(void)fprintf(fp, "%d\n", bounds + 1);
    654 		(void)fclose(fp);
    655 	}
    656 
    657 	/* Create the core file. */
    658 	(void)snprintf(path, sizeof(path), "%s/netbsd.%d.core%s",
    659 	    dirname, bounds, compress ? ".gz" : "");
    660 	if (compress) {
    661 		if ((fp = zopen(path, gzmode)) == NULL) {
    662 			syslog(LOG_ERR, "%s: %m", path);
    663 			exit(1);
    664 		}
    665 	} else {
    666 		ofd = Create(path, S_IRUSR | S_IWUSR | S_IRGRP | S_IROTH);
    667 		fp  = fdopen(ofd, "w");
    668 		if (fp == NULL) {
    669 			syslog(LOG_ERR, "%s: fdopen: %m", path);
    670 			exit(1);
    671 		}
    672 	}
    673 
    674 	if (dumpcdev == NODEV) {
    675 		/* Open the raw device. */
    676 		rawp = getdiskrawname(rbuf, sizeof(rbuf), ddname);
    677 		if (rawp == NULL) {
    678 			syslog(LOG_WARNING, "%s: %m; can't convert to raw",
    679 			    ddname);
    680 			rawp = ddname;
    681 		}
    682 		if ((ifd = open(rawp, O_RDONLY)) == -1) {
    683 			syslog(LOG_WARNING, "%s: %m; using block device",
    684 			    rawp);
    685 			ifd = dumpfd;
    686 		}
    687 	} else {
    688 		rawp = ddname;
    689 		ifd = dumpfd;
    690 	}
    691 
    692 	/* Seek to the start of the core. */
    693 	Lseek(ifd, dumplo, SEEK_SET);
    694 
    695 	if (kvm_dump_wrtheader(kd_dump, fp, (int32_t)dumpbytes) == -1) {
    696 		syslog(LOG_ERR, "kvm_dump_wrtheader: %s : %s", path,
    697 		    kvm_geterr(kd_dump));
    698 		exit(1);
    699 	}
    700 
    701 	/* Copy the core file. */
    702 	syslog(LOG_NOTICE, "writing %score to %s",
    703 	    compress ? "compressed " : "", path);
    704 	for (; dumpbytes > (off_t)0; dumpbytes -= (off_t)nr) {
    705 		char nbuf[7];
    706 		humanize_number(nbuf, 7, dumpbytes, "", HN_AUTOSCALE, 0);
    707 		(void)printf("%7s\r", nbuf);
    708 		(void)fflush(stdout);
    709 		nr = read(ifd, buf, MIN(dumpbytes, (off_t)sizeof(buf)));
    710 		if (nr <= 0) {
    711 			if (nr == 0)
    712 				syslog(LOG_WARNING,
    713 				    "WARNING: EOF on dump device");
    714 			else
    715 				syslog(LOG_ERR, "%s: %m", rawp);
    716 			goto err2;
    717 		}
    718 		nw = fwrite(buf, 1, nr, fp);
    719 		if (nw != nr) {
    720 			syslog(LOG_ERR, "%s: %s",
    721 			    path, strerror(nw == 0 ? EIO : errno));
    722 err2:			syslog(LOG_WARNING,
    723 			    "WARNING: core may be incomplete");
    724 			(void)printf("\n");
    725 			exit(1);
    726 		}
    727 	}
    728 	if (dumpcdev == NODEV)
    729 		(void)close(ifd);
    730 	(void)fclose(fp);
    731 
    732 	/* Create a kernel. */
    733 	(void)snprintf(path, sizeof(path), "%s/netbsd.%d%s",
    734 	    dirname, bounds, compress ? ".gz" : "");
    735 	syslog(LOG_NOTICE, "writing %skernel to %s",
    736 	    compress ? "compressed " : "", path);
    737 	for (tryksyms = 1;; tryksyms = 0) {
    738 		if (compress) {
    739 			if ((fp = zopen(path, gzmode)) == NULL) {
    740 				syslog(LOG_ERR, "%s: %m", path);
    741 				exit(1);
    742 			}
    743 		} else {
    744 			ofd = Create(path, S_IRUSR | S_IWUSR);
    745 			fp  = fdopen(ofd, "w");
    746 			if (fp == NULL) {
    747 				syslog(LOG_ERR, "fdopen: %m");
    748 				exit(1);
    749 			}
    750 		}
    751 		if (tryksyms) {
    752 			if (!save_ksyms(fp, path))
    753 				break;
    754 			(void)fclose(fp);
    755 			unlink(path);
    756 		} else {
    757 			save_kernel(fp, path);
    758 			break;
    759 		}
    760 	}
    761 	(void)fclose(fp);
    762 
    763 	/*
    764 	 * For development systems where the crash occurs during boot
    765 	 * to multiuser.
    766 	 */
    767 	sync();
    768 	sleep(1);
    769 	sync();
    770 	sleep(1);
    771 }
    772 
    773 static char *
    774 find_dev(dev_t dev, mode_t type)
    775 {
    776 	DIR *dfd;
    777 	struct dirent *dir;
    778 	struct stat sb;
    779 	char *dp, device[MAXPATHLEN + 1], *p;
    780 	size_t l;
    781 
    782 	if ((dfd = opendir(_PATH_DEV)) == NULL) {
    783 		syslog(LOG_ERR, "%s: %m", _PATH_DEV);
    784 		exit(1);
    785 	}
    786 	strlcpy(device, _PATH_DEV, sizeof(device));
    787 	p = &device[strlen(device)];
    788 	l = sizeof(device) - strlen(device);
    789 	while ((dir = readdir(dfd))) {
    790 		strlcpy(p, dir->d_name, l);
    791 		if (lstat(device, &sb)) {
    792 			syslog(LOG_ERR, "%s: %m", device);
    793 			continue;
    794 		}
    795 		if ((sb.st_mode & S_IFMT) != type)
    796 			continue;
    797 		if (dev == sb.st_rdev) {
    798 			closedir(dfd);
    799 			if ((dp = strdup(device)) == NULL) {
    800 				syslog(LOG_ERR, "%m");
    801 				exit(1);
    802 			}
    803 			return (dp);
    804 		}
    805 	}
    806 	closedir(dfd);
    807 	syslog(LOG_ERR, "can't find device %lld/%lld",
    808 	    (long long)major(dev), (long long)minor(dev));
    809 	exit(1);
    810 }
    811 
    812 static int
    813 get_crashtime(void)
    814 {
    815 	time_t dumptime;			/* Time the dump was taken. */
    816 	struct timeval dtime;
    817 
    818 	if (KREAD(kd_dump, dump_nl[X_TIME_SECOND].n_value, &dumptime) != 0) {
    819 		if (KREAD(kd_dump, dump_nl[X_TIME].n_value, &dtime) != 0) {
    820 			syslog(LOG_WARNING, "kvm_read dumptime: %s (and _time_second "
    821 			    "is not defined also)", kvm_geterr(kd_dump));
    822 			return (0);
    823 		}
    824 		dumptime = dtime.tv_sec;
    825 	}
    826 	if (dumptime == 0) {
    827 		syslog(LOG_WARNING, "dump time is zero");
    828 		return (0);
    829 	}
    830 	syslog(LOG_INFO, "system went down at %s", ctime(&dumptime));
    831 #define	LEEWAY	(60 * SECSPERDAY)
    832 	if (dumptime < now - LEEWAY || dumptime > now + LEEWAY) {
    833 		syslog(LOG_WARNING, "dump time is unreasonable");
    834 		return (0);
    835 	}
    836 	return (1);
    837 }
    838 
    839 static int
    840 check_space(void)
    841 {
    842 	FILE *fp;
    843 	off_t minfree, spacefree, kernelsize, needed;
    844 	struct stat st;
    845 	struct statvfs fsbuf;
    846 	char mbuf[100], path[MAXPATHLEN];
    847 
    848 	/* XXX assume a reasonable default, unless we find a kernel. */
    849 	kernelsize = 20 * 1024 * 1024;
    850 	if (!stat(kernel, &st)) kernelsize = st.st_blocks * S_BLKSIZE;
    851 	if (statvfs(dirname, &fsbuf) < 0) {
    852 		syslog(LOG_ERR, "%s: %m", dirname);
    853 		exit(1);
    854 	}
    855 	spacefree = fsbuf.f_bavail;
    856 	spacefree *= fsbuf.f_frsize;
    857 	spacefree /= 1024;
    858 
    859 	(void)snprintf(path, sizeof(path), "%s/minfree", dirname);
    860 	if ((fp = fopen(path, "r")) == NULL)
    861 		minfree = 0;
    862 	else {
    863 		if (fgets(mbuf, sizeof(mbuf), fp) == NULL)
    864 			minfree = 0;
    865 		else
    866 			minfree = atoi(mbuf);
    867 		(void)fclose(fp);
    868 	}
    869 
    870 	needed = (dumpbytes + kernelsize) / 1024;
    871  	if (minfree > 0 && spacefree - needed < minfree) {
    872 		syslog(LOG_WARNING,
    873 		    "no dump, not enough free space in %s", dirname);
    874 		return (0);
    875 	}
    876 	if (spacefree - needed < minfree)
    877 		syslog(LOG_WARNING,
    878 		    "dump performed, but free space threshold crossed");
    879 	return (1);
    880 }
    881 
    882 static int
    883 Open(const char *name, int rw)
    884 {
    885 	int fd;
    886 
    887 	if ((fd = open(name, rw, 0)) < 0) {
    888 		syslog(LOG_ERR, "%s: %m", name);
    889 		exit(1);
    890 	}
    891 	return (fd);
    892 }
    893 
    894 static void
    895 Lseek(int fd, off_t off, int flag)
    896 {
    897 	off_t ret;
    898 
    899 	ret = lseek(fd, off, flag);
    900 	if (ret == -1) {
    901 		syslog(LOG_ERR, "lseek: %m");
    902 		exit(1);
    903 	}
    904 }
    905 
    906 static int
    907 Create(char *file, int mode)
    908 {
    909 	int fd;
    910 
    911 	fd = open(file, O_WRONLY | O_CREAT | O_TRUNC, mode);
    912 	if (fd < 0) {
    913 		syslog(LOG_ERR, "%s: %m", file);
    914 		exit(1);
    915 	}
    916 	return (fd);
    917 }
    918 
    919 static void
    920 usage(const char *fmt, ...)
    921 {
    922 	va_list ap;
    923 	va_start(ap, fmt);
    924 	(void)vsyslog(LOG_ERR, fmt, ap);
    925 	va_end(ap);
    926 	(void)syslog(LOG_ERR,
    927 	    "Usage: %s [-cfnvz] [-N system] [-Z level] [directory]",
    928 	    getprogname());
    929 	exit(1);
    930 }
    931