Copyright (c)2006 YAMAMOTO Takashi,
All rights reserved.
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modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
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LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
SUCH DAMAGE.
------------------------------------------------------------
.Dd January 29, 2013 .Dt VMEM 9 .Os ------------------------------------------------------------
.Sh NAME .Nm vmem .Nd virtual memory allocator ------------------------------------------------------------
.Sh SYNOPSIS n sys/vmem.h - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
.Ft vmem_t * .Fn vmem_create \ "const char *name" "vmem_addr_t base" "vmem_size_t size" "vmem_size_t quantum" \ "int (*allocfn)(void *, vmem_size_t, vm_flag_t, vmem_addr_t *)" \ "void (*freefn)(void *, vmem_addr_t, vmem_size_t)" \ "void *arg" "vmem_size_t qcache_max" "vm_flag_t flags" "int ipl" - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
.Ft vmem_t * .Fn vmem_xcreate \ "const char *name" "vmem_addr_t base" "vmem_size_t size" "vmem_size_t quantum" \ "int (*allocfn)(void *, vmem_size_t, vmem_size_t *, vm_flag_t, vmem_addr_t *)" \ "void (*freefn)(void *, vmem_addr_t, vmem_size_t)" \ "void *arg" "vmem_size_t qcache_max" "vm_flag_t flags" "int ipl" - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
.Ft int .Fn vmem_add \ "vmem_t *vm" "vmem_addr_t addr" "vmem_size_t size" "vm_flag_t flags" "vmem_addr_t *addrp" - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
.Ft int .Fn vmem_xalloc \ "vmem_t *vm" "vmem_size_t size" "vmem_size_t align" \ "vmem_size_t phase" "vmem_size_t nocross" "vmem_addr_t minaddr" \ "vmem_addr_t maxaddr" "vm_flag_t flags" "vmem_addr_t *addrp" - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
.Ft void .Fn vmem_xfree "vmem_t *vm" "vmem_addr_t addr" "vmem_size_t size" - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
.Ft int .Fn vmem_alloc "vmem_t *vm" "vmem_size_t size" "vm_flag_t flags" "vmem_addr_t *addrp" - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
.Ft void .Fn vmem_free "vmem_t *vm" "vmem_addr_t addr" "vmem_size_t size" - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
.Ft void .Fn vmem_destroy "vmem_t *vm" ------------------------------------------------------------
.Sh DESCRIPTION The .Nm is a general purpose resource allocator. Despite its name, it can be used for arbitrary resources other than virtual memory.
p
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.Fn vmem_create
creates a new vmem arena.
p l -tag -width qcache_max t Fa name The string to describe the vmem. t Fa base The start address of the initial span. Pass .Dv 0 if no initial span is required. t Fa size The size of the initial span. Pass .Dv 0 if no initial span is required. t Fa quantum The smallest unit of allocation. t Fa allocfn The callback function used to import spans from the backend arena. Set both .Fa allocfn and .Fa freefn to .Dv NULL to disable automatic imports. .Nm calls .Fo "(*allocfn)" .Fa arg .Fa size .Fa flags .Fa "\*[Am]addrp" .Fc to import a span of size at least .Fa size . .Fa allocfn should accept the same .Fa flags as .Fn vmem_alloc . .Fa allocfn must return .Dv ENOMEM to indicate failure, or 0 on success. If .Fa allocfn succeeds, it must write the starting address of the imported span to .Fa addrp . t Fa freefn The callback function used to free spans to the backend arena. .Fa freefn may be .Dv NULL even if .Fa allocfn is not .Dv NULL . .Nm calls .Fn "(*freefn)" arg addr size to return to .Fa arg a span of size .Fa size , starting at .Fa addr , that was previously allocated by .Fa allocfn . t Fa arg The backend arena. .Fa arg may be .Dv NULL . .Nm passes .Fa arg as the first argument of .Fa allocfn and .Fa freefn . t Fa qcache_max The largest size of allocations which can be served by quantum cache. It is merely a hint and can be ignored. t Fa flags Either of: l -tag -width VM_NOSLEEP t Dv VM_SLEEP Can sleep until enough resources are available. t Dv VM_NOSLEEP Don't sleep. Immediately return .Dv NULL if there are not enough resources available. .El t Fa ipl Interrupt level to be blocked for allocating from vmem. .El
p
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.Fn vmem_xcreate
creates a new vmem arena.
p l -tag -width qcache_max t Fa name The string to describe the vmem. t Fa base The start address of the initial span. Pass .Dv 0 if no initial span is required. t Fa size The size of the initial span. Pass .Dv 0 if no initial span is required. t Fa quantum The smallest unit of allocation. t Fa allocfn The callback function used to import spans from the backend arena. Set both .Fa allocfn and .Fa freefn to .Dv NULL to disable automatic imports. .Nm calls .Fo "(*allocfn)" .Fa arg .Fa size .Fa "\*[Am]actualsize" .Fa flags .Fa "\*[Am]addrp" .Fc to import a span of size at least .Fa size . .Fa allocfn should accept the same .Fa flags as .Fn vmem_alloc . .Fa allocfn must return .Dv ENOMEM to indicate failure, or 0 on success. If .Fa allocfn succeeds, it must write the actual size of the allocation to .Fa actualsize and the starting address of the imported span to .Fa addrp . The actual size will always be greater than or equal to the requested size. t Fa freefn The callback function used to free spans to the backend arena. .Fa freefn may be .Dv NULL even if .Fa allocfn is not .Dv NULL . .Nm calls .Fn "(*freefn)" arg addr size to return to .Fa arg a span of size .Fa size , starting at .Fa addr , that was previously allocated by .Fa allocfn . t Fa arg The backend arena. .Fa arg may be .Dv NULL . .Nm passes .Fa arg as the first argument of .Fa allocfn and .Fa freefn . t Fa qcache_max The largest size of allocations which can be served by quantum cache. It is merely a hint and can be ignored. t Fa flags Either of: l -tag -width VM_NOSLEEP t Dv VM_SLEEP Can sleep until enough resources are available. t Dv VM_NOSLEEP Don't sleep. Immediately return .Dv NULL if there are not enough resources available. .El t Fa ipl Interrupt level to be blocked for allocating from vmem. .El
p
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.Fn vmem_add
adds a span of size
.Fa size
starting at
.Fa addr
to the arena.
Returns
0
on success,
.Dv ENOMEM
on failure.
.Fa flags
should be one of:
l -tag -width VM_NOSLEEP t Dv VM_SLEEP Can sleep until enough resources are available.
t Dv VM_NOSLEEP Don't sleep.
Immediately return
.Dv ENOMEM
if there are not enough resources available.
.El
p
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.Fn vmem_xalloc
allocates a resource from the arena.
p l -tag -width nocross t Fa vm The arena which we allocate from. t Fa size Specify the size of the allocation. t Fa align If zero, don't care about the alignment of the allocation. Otherwise, request a resource segment starting at offset .Fa phase from an .Fa align aligned boundary. t Fa phase See the above description of .Fa align . If .Fa align is zero, .Fa phase should be zero. Otherwise, .Fa phase should be smaller than .Fa align . t Fa nocross Request a resource which doesn't cross .Fa nocross aligned boundary. t Fa minaddr Specify the minimum address which can be allocated, or .Dv VMEM_ADDR_MIN if the caller does not care. t Fa maxaddr Specify the maximum address which can be allocated, or .Dv VMEM_ADDR_MAX if the caller does not care. t Fa flags A bitwise OR of an allocation strategy and a sleep flag.
p The allocation strategy is one of: l -tag -width VM_INSTANTFIT t Dv VM_BESTFIT Prefer space efficiency. t Dv VM_INSTANTFIT Prefer performance. .El
p The sleep flag should be one of: l -tag -width VM_NOSLEEP t Dv VM_SLEEP Can sleep until enough resources are available. t Dv VM_NOSLEEP Don't sleep. Immediately return .Dv ENOMEM if there are not enough resources available. .El t Fa addrp On success, if .Fa addrp is not .Dv NULL , .Fn vmem_xalloc overwrites it with the start address of the allocated span. .El
p
------------------------------------------------------------
.Fn vmem_xfree
frees resource allocated by
.Fn vmem_xalloc
to the arena.
p l -tag -width addr t Fa vm The arena which we free to. t Fa addr The resource being freed. It must be the one returned by .Fn vmem_xalloc . Notably, it must not be the one from .Fn vmem_alloc . Otherwise, the behaviour is undefined. t Fa size The size of the resource being freed. It must be the same as the .Fa size argument used for .Fn vmem_xalloc . .El
p
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.Fn vmem_alloc
allocates a resource from the arena.
p l -tag -width flags t Fa vm The arena which we allocate from. t Fa size Specify the size of the allocation. t Fa flags A bitwise OR of an allocation strategy and a sleep flag.
p The allocation strategy is one of: l -tag -width VM_INSTANTFIT t Dv VM_BESTFIT Prefer space efficiency. t Dv VM_INSTANTFIT Prefer performance. .El
p The sleep flag should be one of: l -tag -width VM_NOSLEEP t Dv VM_SLEEP Can sleep until enough resources are available. t Dv VM_NOSLEEP Don't sleep. Immediately return .Dv ENOMEM if there are not enough resources available. .El t Fa addrp On success, if .Fa addrp is not .Dv NULL , .Fn vmem_alloc overwrites it with the start address of the allocated span. .El
p
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.Fn vmem_free
frees resource allocated by
.Fn vmem_alloc
to the arena.
p l -tag -width addr t Fa vm The arena which we free to. t Fa addr The resource being freed. It must be the one returned by .Fn vmem_alloc . Notably, it must not be the one from .Fn vmem_xalloc . Otherwise, the behaviour is undefined. t Fa size The size of the resource being freed. It must be the same as the .Fa size argument used for .Fn vmem_alloc . .El
p
------------------------------------------------------------
.Fn vmem_destroy
destroys a vmem arena.
p
l -tag -width vm t Fa vm The vmem arena being destroyed.
The caller should ensure that no one will use it anymore.
.El
------------------------------------------------------------
.Sh RETURN VALUES
.Fn vmem_create
return a pointer to the newly allocated vmem_t.
Otherwise, it returns
.Dv NULL .
p
On success,
.Fn vmem_xalloc
and
.Fn vmem_alloc
return 0.
Otherwise,
.Dv ENOMEM
is returned.
------------------------------------------------------------
.Sh CODE REFERENCES
The
.Nm
subsystem is implemented within the file
a sys/kern/subr_vmem.c .
------------------------------------------------------------
.Sh SEE ALSO
.Xr intro 9 ,
.Xr kmem 9 ,
.Xr memoryallocators 9 ,
.Xr uvm 9
.Rs
.%A Jeff Bonwick
.%A Jonathan Adams
.%T "Magazines and Vmem: Extending the Slab Allocator to Many CPUs and Arbitrary Resources"
.%J "2001 USENIX Annual Technical Conference"
.%D 2001
.Re
------------------------------------------------------------
.Sh AUTHORS
This implementation of
.Nm
was written by
.An YAMAMOTO Takashi .
.Sh BUGS
p .Nm relies on .Xr malloc 9 , .Xr pool 9 , and .Xr RUN_ONCE 9 , so it cannot be used as early during system bootstrap as .Xr extent 9 .
Indexes created Wed Oct 22 13:09:56 GMT 2025