acronyms.comp revision 1.228
1$NetBSD: acronyms.comp,v 1.228 2019/01/28 12:17:28 sevan Exp $ 23WHS three-way handshake 38VSB 8-state vestigial side band modulation 4AA anti-aliasing 5AAA authentication, authorization, [and] accounting 6AAT average access time 7ABI application binary interface 8ABR available bit rate 9ABRT automatic bug reporting tool 10AC alternating current 11ACI adjacent channel interferer 12ACID atomicity, consistency, isolation, durability 13ACK Amsterdam compiler kit 14ACK acknowledgement 15ACL access control list 16ACL active current loop 17ACL asynchronous connection less 18ACP auxiliary control {process,program} 19ACPI advanced configuration and power interface 20ACS access control set 21ACU automatic calling unit 22ADB Apple desktop bus 23ADC analog [to] digital converter 24ADD acronym driven development 25ADO active data objects 26ADP automatic data processing 27ADPCM adaptive differential pulse code modulation 28ADS alternate data stream 29ADSL asymmetric digital subscriber line 30ADT abstract data type 31AER advanced error reporting 32AES Advanced Encryption Standard 33AFP Apple Filing Protocol 34AFS Andrew File System 35AGC automatic gain control 36AGP accelerated graphics port 37AI analog input 38AI artificial intelligence 39AL access list 40AL active link 41ALE address latch enable 42ALS ambient light sensor 43ALU arithmetic and logical unit 44ALUA asymmetric logical unit access 45AM access method 46AM alignment mask 47AM amplitude modulation 48AMD Advanced Micro Devices Inc 49AMDD Agile model-driven development 50AMI alternate mark inversion 51AMP asymmetric multiprocessing 52AMQP advanced message queuing protocol 53AMT active management technology 54AN Arabic number 55ANR application not responding 56ANSI American National Standards Institute 57AO analog output 58AOL Alert-on-LAN 59AOS add or subtract 60AP access point 61AP application processor 62API application programming interface 63APEI ACPI platform error interface 64APIC advanced programmable interrupt controller 65APIPA automatic private IP addressing 66APM advanced power management 67APM application performance management 68APU accelerated processing unit 69APT advanced persistent threat 70AQM active queue management 71ARAT always running APIC timer 72ARC adaptive replacement cache 73ARC Advanced RISC Computing 74ARC automatic reference counting 75ARM Advanced RISC Machines 76ARP Address Resolution Protocol 77ARPA Advanced Research Projects Agency 78ARQ automatic repeat request 79ARR address range register 80ARU audio response unit 81AS autonomous system 82ASA Adaptive Security Appliance 83ASAN Address Sanitizer 84ASC advanced smart cache 85ASCII American Standard Code for Information Interchange 86ASD agile software development 87ASE advanced software environment 88ASF alert standard format 89ASIC application-specific integrated circuit 90ASK amplitude shift keying 91ASLR address space layout randomization 92ASN autonomous system number 93ASPM active state power management 94ASQ automated software quality 95ASR address space register 96AST abstract syntax tree 97AST asynchronous system trap 98AT access time 99AT advanced technology 100ATA advanced technology attachment 101ATAPI advanced technology attachment packet interface 102ATC address translation cache 103ATM asynchronous transfer mode 104ATX advanced technology extended 105AV anti virus 106AVL Adelson-Velsky-Landis 107AVX advanced vector extensions 108BA byte align 109BAL basic assembly language 110BAR base address register 111BBS bulletin board system 112BCC blind carbon copy 113BCD binary coded decimal 114BCR byte count register 115BCS base configuration space 116BD baud 117BDD binary decision diagram 118BDI bit deinterleave 119BDUF big design up front 120BEDO burst extended data output 121BER basic encoding rules 122BER bit error {rate,ratio} 123BERT boot error record table 124BFD binary {file,format} descriptor 125BFKL big fscking kernel lock 126BFS breadth-first search 127BFT binary file transfer 128BGA ball grid array 129BGP Border Gateway Protocol 130BGPSEC BGP Security 131BIND Berkeley Internet Name Daemon 132BIOS Basic Input/Output System 133BIOS built-in operating system 134BIST built-in self-test 135BIU bus interface unit 136BKDG BIOS and kernel developer's guide 137BLAS basic linear algebra subprograms 138BLC back light control 139BLOB binary large object 140BM bus master 141BMC baseboard management controller 142BMIC bus master interface controller 143BN boundary neutral 144BNF Backus-Naur form 145BO binary output 146BOF beginning of file 147BOM beginning of message 148BOM byte order mark 149BP base pointer 150BP boot processor 151BPB BIOS parameter block 152BPDU bridge protocol data unit 153BPF Berkeley Packet Filter 154BPI bits per inch 155BPM business process modelling 156BPS bits per second 157BPSK binary phase shift keying 158BQS Berkeley quality software 159BRE basic regular expression 160BS backspace 161BS binary sequence 162BSA basic service area 163BSD Berkeley Software Distribution 164BSDP Boot Service Discovery Protocol 165BSF bit scan forward 166BSOD blue screen of death 167BSP binary space partition 168BSP board support package 169BSP bootstrap processor 170BSR bit scan reverse 171BSS basic service set 172BSS block started by symbol 173BSSID basic service set identifier 174BT BitTorrent 175BT Bluetooth 176BT bit test 177BTC bit test [and] complement 178BTR bit test [and] reset 179BTS bit test [and] set 180BTS bug tracking system 181BW bandwidth 182BWM block-write mode 183BUAG big ugly ASCII graphic 184CA certificate authority 185CAD computer-aided design 186CAM computer assisted manufacturing 187CAM conditional access module 188CAM content addressable memory 189CARP Common Address Redundancy Protocol 190CAS column address strobe 191CAS compare and swap 192CAS computer algebra system 193CASE computer aided software engineering 194CAU control access unit 195CAV constant angular velocity 196CBC cipher block chaining 197CBR constant bit rate 198CC carbon copy 199CCD charge coupled device 200CCI co-channel interferer 201CCNUMA cache-coherent non-uniform memory access 202CD cache disable 203CD compact disc 204CDDA compact disc digital audio 205CDMA code division multiple access 206CDP Cisco Discovery Protocol 207CDRAM cache dynamic random access memory 208CER canonical encoding rules 209CF compact flash 210CFB cipher feedback 211CFG context-free grammar 212CFG control-flow graph 213CFI control-flow integrity sanitizer 214CG control gate 215CGA Color Graphics Adapter 216CGI common gateway interface 217CGN Carrier-Grade NAT 218CHAP Challenge-Handshake Authentication Protocol 219CHS cylinder/head/sector 220CI continuous integration 221CI {common,component} interface 222CIDR Classless Inter-Domain Routing 223CIF common intermediate format 224CIFS Common Internet File System 225CIL common intermediate language 226CIR carrier-to-interference ratio 227CIS contact image sensor 228CISC complex instruction set {computer,computing} 229CJK Chinese, Japanese, [and] Korean 230CLF common log format 231CLI command line interface 232CLR common language runtime 233CLTT closed loop thermal throttling 234CLUT color look-up table 235CLV constant linear velocity 236CM configuration management 237CMA concert multithread architecture 238CMC chassis management controller 239CMC corrected machine check 240CMS {configuration,content,course} management system 241CMI control {management,method} interface 242CMOS complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor 243CMP chip multi-processing 244CMS content management system 245CMYK cyan magenta yellow black 246CN {common,canonical} name 247CNC computer numerical control 248CNR carrier-to-noise ratio 249COF current operating frequency 250COFDM coded orthogonal frequency division multiplexing 251COFF common object file format 252COM component object model 253COMA cache-only memory architecture 254CORBA common object request broker architecture 255COS class of service 256COW copy-on-write 257CP continuous pilot 258CPB core performance boost 259CPC central processor complex 260CPC cpu performance counters 261CPE common phase error 262CPE common platform enumeration 263CPER common platform error record 264CPG clock pulse generator 265CPI cycles per instruction 266CPL current privilege level 267CPLD complex programmable logic device 268CPP C preprocessor 269CPS characters per second 270CPT command pass through 271CPU central processing unit 272CR carriage return 273CRC cyclic redundancy check 274CRL carrier recovery loop 275CRLF carriage return line feed 276CRT cathode ray tube 277CRUD create, read, update, and delete 278CS cable select 279CS chip select 280CS code segment 281CS computer science 282CSDL {common,conceptual} schema definition language 283CSI channel state information 284CSI common system interface 285CSMA carrier sense multiple access 286CSMA/CA carrier sense multiple access with collision avoidance 287CSMA/CD carrier sense multiple access with collision detection 288CSR control [and] status registers 289CSRG Computer Systems Research Group 290CSS cascading style sheets 291CSV comma-separated values 292CTM close to metal 293CTR counter [mode] 294CTS clear to send 295CUA common user access 296CUT coordinated universal time 297CV control voltage 298CVE common vulnerabilities and exposures 299CVS Concurrent Versions System 300DA destination address 301DAA distributed application architecture 302DAB digital audio broadcasting 303DAC digital [to] analog converter 304DAC discretionary access control 305DAD duplicate address detection 306DANE DNS-based Authentication of Named Entities 307DAO disk at once 308DAP Directory Access Protocol 309DAT digital audio tape 310DAT dynamic acceleration technology 311DB database 312DBA database administrator 313DBA dynamic bandwidth allocation 314DBB data bus buffer 315DBC design by contract 316DBL dynamic buffer limiting 317DBMS database management system 318DBS database server 319DC direct current 320DCC Direct Client-to-Client 321DCC direct cable connect 322DCD data carrier detect 323DCE data control equipment 324DCE distributed computing environment 325DCIM data center infrastructure management 326DCIM digital camera images 327DCL Digital Command Language 328DCOM distributed component object model 329DCOP Desktop COmmunication Protocol 330DCS data collection systems 331DCT discrete cosine transform 332DCU data cache unit 333DDC display data channel 334DDE dynamic data exchange 335DDK device driver kit 336DDL data description language 337DDR double data rate 338DDS direct digital sound 339DDWG Digital Display Working Group 340DE debugging extensions 341DE desktop environment 342DEA data encryption algorithm 343DEC Digital Equipment Corporation 344DEK data encryption key 345DEP data execution prevention 346DER distinguished encoding rules 347DES Data Encryption Standard 348DF don't fragment 349DFA deterministic finite automaton 350DFC data flow control 351DFS depth first search 352DFS distributed file system 353DFSAN Data Flow Sanitizer 354DFT diagnostic function test 355DFT discrete Fourier transform 356DGL data generation language 357DH Diffie-Hellman 358DHCP Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol 359DIFS distributed inter-frame space 360DIMM dual inline memory module 361DIRT design in real time 362DL diode logic 363DL discrete logarithm 364DL download 365DLE data link escape 366DLL dynamic link library 367DLP discrete logarithm problem 368DMA direct memory access 369DMI desktop management interface 370DMS document management system 371DMT discrete multitone modulation 372DMU data management layer 373DNARD Digital network appliance reference design 374DND drag and drop 375DNLC directory name lookup cache 376DNS Domain Name System 377DNSSEC DNS Security Extensions 378DOE distributed object environment 379DOF data over fibre 380DOM document object model 381DOS denial of service 382DOS disk operating system 383DP DisplayPort 384DPC deferred procedure call 385DPCM differential pulse code modulation 386DPD dead peer detection 387DPI deep packet inspection 388DPI dots per inch 389DPL descriptor privilege level 390DPS Display PostScript 391DPST display power savings technology 392DRAAS disaster recovery as a service 393DRAM dynamic random access memory 394DRBG deterministic random bit generator 395DRI direct rendering infrastructure 396DRM digital rights management 397DRRS display refresh rate switching 398DS debug store 399DSA digital signature algorithm 400DSAP destination service access point 401DSB double-sideband modulation 402DSDT differentiated system descriptor table 403DSL dataset and snapshot layer 404DSL digital subscriber line 405DSL domain specific language 406DSLAM digital subscriber line access multiplexer 407DSN delivery status notification 408DSO dynamic shared object 409DSP digital signal processor 410DSSS direct sequence spread spectrum 411DTD document type definition 412DTE data terminal equipment 413DTE dumb terminal emulator 414DTL diode-transistor logic 415DTLS datagram transport layer security 416DTS digital thermal sensor 417DUT device under test 418DVB digital video broadcasting 419DVCS distributed version control system 420DVD digital versatile disc 421DVFS dynamic voltage and frequency scaling 422DVI device independent 423DVI Digital Visual Interface 424DVR digital video recorder 425E-XER extended XML encoding rules 426EABI embedded-application binary interface 427EAI Email Address Internationalization 428EAI Enterprise Application Integration 429EAP Extensible Authentication Protocol 430EAPOL EAP over Lan 431EBCDIC Extended Binary Coded Decimal Interchange Code 432EBDA Extended BIOS Data Area 433EBR extended boot record 434EC elliptic curve 435ECC elliptic curve cryptography 436ECC error correction code 437ECDH elliptic curve Diffie-Hellman 438ECDL elliptic curve discrete logarithm 439ECDLP elliptic curve discrete logarithm problem 440ECDSA elliptic curve digital signature algorithm 441ECL emitter-coupled logic 442ECN explicit congestion notification 443ECP enhanced capability port 444ECS enhanced chip set 445ECS extended configuration space 446EDAC error detection and correction 447EDAT enhanced dynamic acceleration technology 448EdDSA Edwards curve digital signature algorithm 449EDGE explicit data graph execution 450EDID extended display identification data 451EDO extended data out 452EDS electronical data sheet 453EEE energy efficient ethernet 454EEPROM electrically erasable programmable read only memory 455EFI extensible firmware interface 456EFL emitter follower logic 457EFM eight to fourteen modulation 458EGA Enhanced Graphics Adapter 459EGP exterior gateway protocol 460EH extension header 461EIDE enhanced IDE 462EISA extended industry standard architecture 463EINJ error injection table 464ELF executable and linking format 465ELS entry level system 466EMI electro-magnetic interference 467EMP electro-magnetic pulse 468EMR electro-magnetic radiation 469EMACS Editor MACroS 470EOF end of file 471EOI end of interrupt 472EOIS end of interactive support 473EOL end of life 474EOL end of line 475EOT end of transmission 476EPIC explicitly parallel instruction computing 477EPP enhanced parallel port 478EPRML extended partial response, maximum likelihood 479EPROM erasable programmable read only memory 480ERD emergency recovery disk 481ERD entity relationship diagram 482ERE extended regular expression 483ERST error record serialization table 484ESAN Efficiency Sanitizer 485ESB enterprise service bus 486ESDI enhanced small disk interface 487ESDRAM enhanced synchronous dynamic random access memory 488ESI enclosure services interface 489ESS electronic switching system 490ESS extended service set 491ESSID extended service set identifier 492EST enhanced speedstep 493ETL extract, transform, load 494EU execution unit 495EULA end user license agreement 496FAT file allocation table 497FBRAM frame buffer random access memory 498FCIF full common intermediate format 499FCL fiber channel loop 500FCS frame check sequence 501FDC floppy disk controller 502FDD floppy disk drive 503FDDI fiber distributed data interface 504FDE full disk encryption 505FDT flattened device tree 506FEA finite element analysis 507FEC forward error correction 508FET field-effect transistor 509FF finite field 510FF form feed 511FFDH finite-field Diffie-Hellman 512FFH functional fixed hardware 513FFI foreign function interface 514FFM focus follows mouse 515FFS Fast File System 516FFS find first set 517FFT fast Fourier transform 518FG floating gate 519FHSS frequency hop spread spectrum 520FID frequency identifier 521FIFO first in, first out 522FILO first in, last out 523FIPS Federal Information Processing Standards 524FIR fast infrared 525FLOPS floating [point] operations per second 526FLOSS free/libre/open source software 527FM frequency modulation 528FMR false match rate 529FOSS free/open source software 530FPGA field programmable gate array 531FPM fast page mode 532FPR floating point register 533FPU floating point unit 534FQDN fully qualified domain name 535FRR false rejection rate 536FRU field replaceable unit 537FS file system 538FSB front side bus 539FSCK file system check 540FSF Free Software Foundation 541FSK frequency shift keying 542FSM finite-state machine 543FTA fault tree analysis 544FTL flash translation layer 545FTP File Transfer Protocol 546FTPS File Transfer Protocol Secure 547FUS fast user switching 548FWH firmware hub 549FWS folding white space 550GAL generic array logic 551GAS generic address structure 552GC garbage collector 553GCM Galois counter mode 554GCR group-coded recording 555GDI Graphics Device Interface 556GDT global descriptor table 557GEM graphics environment manager 558GEM graphics execution manager 559GENA general event notification architecture 560GHC Glasgow Haskell compiler 561GHES generic hardware error source 562GIC generic interrupt controller 563GID group identifier 564GIF graphics interchange format 565GMCH graphics and memory controller hub 566GNU GNU's Not Unix 567GOP graphics output protocol 568GOT global offset table 569GPE general purpose event 570GPF general protection fault 571GPG GNU Privacy Guard 572GPL [GNU] General Public License 573GPR general purpose register 574GPS generalized processor sharing 575GPT GUID partition table 576GPU graphics processing unit 577GR golden ratio 578GRE generic routing encapsulation 579GSI global system interrupt 580GUI graphical user interface 581GUID globally unique identifier 582GVFS git virtual file system 583HA high availability 584HAL hardware abstraction layer 585HAT hashed array tree 586HATEOAS hypermedia as the engine of application state 587HBA host bus adapter 588HCF halt and catch fire 589HCI host controller interface 590HCI human-computer interaction 591HCL hardware compatibility list 592HDCP High-bandwidth Digital Content Protection 593HDD hard disk drive 594HDL hardware description language 595HDMI High-Definition Multimedia Interface 596HDTV high-definition television 597HECI host embedded controller interface 598HEST hardware error source table 599HF high frequency 600HFM highest frequency mode 601HID human interface device 602HKP HTTP Keyserver Protocol 603HLL high-level language 604HMA high memory area 605HMI human-machine interface 606HOOD hierarchical object oriented design 607HP Hewlett-Packard 608HPC high performance computing 609HPET high precision event timer 610HSM hardware security module 611HSM hierarchical storage management 612HT hyper-threading 613HTC hardware thermal control 614HTCC high temperature co-fired ceramic 615HTML HyperText Markup Language 616HTT hyper-threading technology 617HTTP Hypertext Transfer Protocol 618HTTPS Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure 619HVM hardware virtual machine 620HVDS High-Voltage Differential Signaling 621HWASAN Hardware-assisted Address Sanitizer 622HZ Hertz 623I2O intelligent input/output 624IA information assurance 625IAAS infrastructure as a service 626IANA Internet Assigned Numbers Authority 627IBC iterated block cipher 628IBM International Business Machines 629IBS instruction based sampling 630IBSS independent basic service set 631IC integrated circuit 632ICA independent computer architecture 633ICB Internet Citizen's Band 634ICE in-circuit emulator 635ICE internal compiler error 636ICH I/O controller hub 637ICMP Internet Control Message Protocol 638ICT information and communications technology 639ICW initialization command word 640IDA Intel dynamic acceleration 641IDCMP Intuition direct communication message port 642IDE integrated development environment 643IDE integrated drive electronics 644IDPS intrusion detection [and] prevention system 645IDRP inter-domain routing protocol 646IDS intrusion detection system 647IDT interrupt descriptor table 648IE Internet Explorer 649IEC International Electrotechnical Commission 650IEEE Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers 651IESG Internet Engineering Steering Group 652IETF Internet Engineering Task Force 653IF intermediate frequency 654IFCM isochronous flow control mode 655IFF Interchange File Format 656IFS internal field separator 657IGD Internet gateway device 658IGMP Internet Group Management Protocol 659IGP interior gateway protocol 660IHV independent hardware vendor 661IKE Internet key exchange 662ILM internal loopback mode 663ILOM integrated lights-out management 664ILP instruction level parallelism 665IM instant messaging 666IMAP Internet Message Access Protocol 667IMC integrated memory controller 668IMCR interrupt mode configuration register 669IMR interrupt mask register 670IMS information management system 671IMSI international mobile subscriber identity 672INCITS InterNational Committee for Information Technology Standards 673IO input/output 674IOCTL input/output control 675IOMMU input/output memory management unit 676IOT Internet of Things 677IP Internet Protocol 678IP intellectual property 679IPC instructions per cycle 680IPC interprocess communication 681IPE integrated programming environment 682IPI intelligent peripheral interface 683IPI interprocessor interrupt 684IPL Initial Program Load 685IPL Interrupt Priority Level 686IPMB Intelligent Platform Management Bus 687IPMI Intelligent Platform Management Interface 688IPNG Internet Protocol, Next Generation 689IPS in-plane switching 690IPS intrusion prevention system 691IPSEC Internet Protocol Security 692IRC Internet Relay Chat 693IRDA infrared data association 694IRQ interrupt request 695IRQL interrupt request level 696IRR interrupt request register 697IRTF Internet Research Task Force 698IS information system 699ISA industry standard architecture 700ISA instruction set architecture 701ISDN integrated services digital network 702ISI inter-symbol interference 703ISM industrial, scientific, [and] medical 704ISN initial serial number 705ISO International Standards Organization 706ISOC Internet Society 707ISP Internet service provider 708ISR in-service register 709ISR interrupt service routine 710IST interrupt stack table 711ISV independent software vendor 712IT information technology 713ITB Intel Turbo Boost 714ITIL information technology infrastructure library 715ITP in-target probe 716ITSM IT service management 717IV initialization vector 718IVT interrupt vector table 719JBOD just a bunch of disks 720JFET junction [gate] field-effect transistor 721JIT just in time 722JPEG Joint Photographic Experts Group 723JRE Java Runtime Environment 724JSON JavaScript Object Notation 725JTAG joint test action group 726KASLR kernel address space layout randomization 727KB keyboard 728KB kilobyte 729KBD keyboard 730KBD kilobaud 731KCS keyboard controller style 732KLOC thousand lines of code 733KMS kernel-mode setting 734KPI kernel programming interface 735KVA kernel virtual address 736KVM kernel virtual machine 737KVM kernel virtual memory 738KVM keyboard, video, [and] mouse 739LAMP Linux Apache MySQL {Perl,PHP,Python} 740LAN local area network 741LAPIC local advanced programmable interrupt controller 742LAR load access rights 743LBA logical block addressing 744LBS location-based service 745LCD liquid crystal display 746LCP link control protocol 747LDA local delivery agent 748LDAP Lightweight Directory Access Protocol 749LDR light-dependent resistor 750LDT local descriptor table 751LE logical extent 752LED light emitting diode 753LELL low energy link layer 754LER label edge router 755LF line feed 756LF low frequency 757LFM lowest frequency mode 758LFN long file names 759LFO low-frequency oscillation 760LFS log-structured file system 761LFU least frequently used 762LHP loop heat pipe 763LIFO last in, first out 764LILO LInux LOader 765LILO last in, last out 766LINT local interrupt 767LIR local Internet registry 768LISP LISt Processor 769LISP Locator/ID Separation Protocol 770LKM {Linux,loadable} kernel module 771LKML Linux kernel mailing list 772LL load linked 773LL/SC load linked/store conditional 774LLC logical link control 775LLDP link layer discovery protocol 776LLF low level format 777LLMNR link-local multicast name resolution 778LLVM Low Level Virtual Machine 779LM long mode 780LMM link management mode 781LMP link management protocol 782LNO loop nest optimization 783LOC lines of code 784LOM lights-out management 785LPE Linux performance events 786LPC low pin count 787LPS local positioning system 788LRC longitudinal redundancy check 789LRM left-to-right mark 790LRO left-to-right override 791LRU least recently used 792LSAN Leak Sanitizer 793LSB Linux standards base 794LSB least significant {bit,byte} 795LSI large scale integration 796LSL load segment limit 797LSM log structured merge 798LSN Large Scale NAT 799LSN log sequence number 800LSR label switch router 801LTCC low temperature co-fired ceramic 802LTO linear tape-open 803LTO link time optimization 804LTR left to right 805LTR load task register 806LTR letter(-sized paper) 807LTS long term support 808LUA Lua Uppercase Accident 809LUN logical unit number 810LV logical volume 811LVM logical volume management 812LVT local vector table 813LVDS Low-Voltage Differential Signaling 814LWP light-weight process 815LZW Lempel Ziv Welch 816MAC mandatory access control 817MAC {media,medium} access control 818MAC message authentication {check,code} 819MADT multiple APIC descriptor table 820MB megabyte 821MBA multi-boot agent 822MBR master boot record 823MBS megabits per second 824MC memory controller 825MCA machine check architecture 826MCA MicroChannel architecture 827MCC multiversion concurrency control 828MCE machine check exception 829MCGA Multi-Color Graphics Array 830MCH memory controller hub 831MCM multi-chip module 832MCQ memory controlled queue 833MD machine-dependent 834MD-SAL model-driven service abstraction layer 835MDA mail delivery agent 836MDA Monochrome Display Adapter 837MDC Management Data Clock 838MDI Medium Dependent Interface 839MDI-X Medium Dependent Interface Crossover 840MDIO Management Data Input/Output 841MDMX MIPS Digital Media eXtension 842MDRAM multibank dynamic random access memory 843MESI modified, exclusive, shared, invalid 844MFC merge from current 845MFC Microsoft Foundation Classes 846MFM modified frequency modulation 847MI machine-independent 848MIB management information base 849MIC message integrity {check,code} 850MID mobile Internet device 851MIDI musical instrument digital interface 852MIF management information format 853MII media independent interface 854MIM man in the middle 855MIMD multiple instruction, multiple data 856MIME Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions 857MIMO multiple input multiple output 858MIPS million instructions per second 859MIPS Microprocessor without Interlocked Pipeline Stages 860MISD multiple instruction, single data 861MIT Massachusetts Institute of Technology 862MITM man in the middle 863ML machine language 864ML machine learning 865ML mailing list 866ML markup language 867ML maximum likelihood 868MLC multi-level cell 869MLD multicast listener discovery 870MLHP micro loop heat pipe 871MMF multi-mode fiber 872MMIC monolithic microwave integrated circuit 873MMIO memory mapped input/output 874MMORPG massive multiplayer online role playing game 875MMU memory management unit 876MMX matrix math extension 877MMX multimedia extension 878MMX multiple math extension 879MO magneto-optical 880MOESI modified, owned, exclusive, shared, invalid 881MOF maximum operating frequency 882MOSFET metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor 883MOSI modified, owned, shared, invalid 884MP multi-platform 885MP multiplayer 886MP {multiprocessing,multiprocessor} 887MPEG moving picture experts group 888MPI message passing interface 889MPLS Multiprotocol Label Switching 890MPP massively parallel processor 891MPS memory pool system 892MPS multiprocessor specification 893MQTT Message Queuing Telemetry Transport 894MR modem ready 895MRU most recently used 896MS Microsoft 897MSAN Memory Sanitizer 898MSB most significant {bit,byte} 899MSC message sequence chart 900MSE mean square error 901MSF minutes seconds frames 902MSI message signaled interrupt 903MSI modified, shared, invalid 904MSR {machine state,model-specific} register 905MSS maximum segment size 906MSTP Multiple Spanning Tree Protocol 907MT machine translation 908MTA mail transfer agent 909MTBF mean time between failures 910MTP media transfer protocol 911MTRR memory type range register 912MTTF mean time to failure 913MTU maximum transmission unit 914MUA mail user agent 915MUD multi-user domain 916MVCC multiversion concurrency control 917MWE module width encoding 918MX mail exchange 919NACK negative acknowledgement 920NAN not a number 921NAPT Network Address Port Translation 922NAS network attached storage 923NAT network address translation 924NAV network allocation vector 925NC numerical control 926NCO numerically-controlled oscillator 927NCP Network Control Protocol 928NCQ native command queuing 929ND neighbor discovery 930NDFA nondeterministic finite automaton 931NE numeric error 932NEWS Network extensible Window System 933NFA nondeterministic finite automaton 934NFC near-field communication 935NFCI no functional change intended 936NFS network file system 937NFV network function virtualization 938NIA next instruction address 939NIC network information center 940NIC network interface card 941NIDS network intrusion detection system 942NIP network interface protocol 943NIPS network intrusion prevention system 944NIS network information service 945NIST National Institute of Standards and Technology 946NLS native language support 947NMI non-maskable interrupt 948NNTP Network News Transfer Protocol 949NOC network operations center 950NOP no operation 951NOS network operating system 952NP nondeterministic polynomial time 953NRND not recommended for new designs 954NRZ non-return to zero 955NSA nation-state adversary 956NSA no such agency 957NSA National Security Agency 958NTM non-deterministic Turing machine 959NTP Network Time Protocol 960NUMA non-uniform memory access 961NVRAM non-volatile random access memory 962NW not write-through 963NX no execute 964OAEP optimal asymmetric encryption padding 965OAM operations, administration, and {management,maintenance} 966OBO off by one 967OBOE off by one error 968OCL object constraint language 969OCR optical character recognition 970ODCM on-demand clock modulation 971ODT on-die termination 972OEM original equipment manufacturer 973OFB output feedback 974OFDM orthogonal frequency division multiplexing 975OFET organic field-effect transistor 976OLAP online analytical processing 977OLE object linking and embedding 978OLTP online transaction processing 979ONFI open nand flash interface 980OO OpenOffice 981OO object oriented 982OOB out of band 983OOE out of order execution 984OOM out of memory 985OOO OpenOffice.org 986OOP object oriented programming 987OOPS object oriented programming systems 988OOSE object oriented software engineering 989OPM operations per minute 990OPS operations per second 991OQL Object Query Language 992ORB object request broker 993ORM object-relational mapping 994OS operating system 995OSD open source definition 996OSF open software foundation 997OSI Open Source Initiative 998OSI open systems interconnection 999OSPF open shortest path first 1000OSPM OS power management 1001OSS open sound system 1002OSS open source software 1003OSVW operating system visible workarounds 1004OTP one time password 1005OTP open telecom platform 1006OU organizational unit 1007OUI organizationally unique identifier 1008OWL Web Ontology Language 1009P2P PCI to PCI 1010P2P peer to peer 1011PA phase accumulator 1012PA physical address 1013PAAS platform as a service 1014PAC phase-amplitude converter 1015PAE physical address extension 1016PAL phase alternating line 1017PAL programmable array logic 1018PAM pluggable authentication modules 1019PAM pulse amplitude modulation 1020PAP password authentication protocol 1021PAT page attribute table 1022PAT port address translation 1023PATA parallel ATA 1024PAX portable archive exchange 1025PBE pending break encoding 1026PBE programming by example 1027PC personal computer 1028PC program counter 1029PCB printed circuit board 1030PCB process control block 1031PCB Protocol Control Block 1032PCC Portable C Compiler 1033PCD page-level cache disable 1034PCE path computation element 1035PCE performance-monitor counter enable 1036PCEP Path Computation Element Protocol 1037PCH platform controller hub 1038PCI peripheral component interconnect 1039PCM phase change memory 1040PCM pulse code modulation 1041PCMCIA Personal Computer Memory Card International Association 1042PCP Port Control Protocol 1043PD public domain 1044PDA personal digital assistant 1045PDA pushdown automaton 1046PDAG propositional directed acyclic graph 1047PDB power distribution board 1048PDF portable document format 1049PDM pulse-duration modulation 1050PDN pull-down network 1051PDP page {descriptor,directory} page 1052PDS product data sheet 1053PDU protocol data unit 1054PE protection enable 1055PEAP Protected EAP 1056PECI platform environment control interface 1057PEP protocol extension protocol 1058PER packed encoding rules 1059PFS perfect forward secrecy 1060PGAS partitioned global address space 1061PGE page global enable 1062PGP Pretty Good Privacy 1063PHB PCI host bridge 1064PHP PHP: Hypertext Preprocessor 1065PIC performance instrumentation counters 1066PIC position independent code 1067PIC programmable interrupt controller 1068PICNIC problem in chair, not in computer 1069PID process id 1070PIE position independent executable 1071PIL Priority Interrupt Level 1072PIM personal information manager 1073PIM platform-independent model 1074PIO programmed input/output 1075PIPT physically indexed, physically tagged 1076PIQ prefetch input queue 1077PIT programmable interrupt timer 1078PIV personal identity verification 1079PIX Private Internet eXchange 1080PKCS public-key cryptography standards 1081PKI public key infrastructure 1082PLC programmable logic controller 1083PLD programmable logic device 1084PLL phase locked loop 1085PLRU pseudo LRU 1086PLTM package level thermal management 1087PM power management 1088PM {phase,pulse} modulation 1089PMC performance monitoring counters 1090PME power management event 1091PMEG page map entry group 1092PMI performance monitoring infrastructure 1093PMI platform management interrupt 1094PMIO port-mapped input/output 1095PMT photo-multiplier tube 1096PMU performance monitoring units 1097PMU power management unit 1098PNG portable network graphics 1099PNP plug and play 1100POE power over ethernet 1101POF probability of failure 1102POP Post Office Protocol 1103POP power on password 1104POSIX Portable Operating System Interface [for Unix] 1105POST power on self test 1106POTS plain old telephone system 1107POWER Performance Optimization With Enhanced RISC 1108POWERPC Performance Optimization With Enhanced RISC - Performance Computing 1109PP pair programming 1110PPB PCI [to] PCI bridge 1111PPC PowerPC 1112PPC Power Performance Computing 1113PPI pixels per inch 1114PPM pages per minute 1115PPP Point-to-Point Protocol 1116PPPOA Point-to-Point Protocol over ATM 1117PPPOE Point-to-Point Protocol over Ethernet 1118PPU physics processing unit 1119PRAM Parameter RAM 1120PRBS pseudorandom bit sequence 1121PRG pseudorandom generator 1122PRF pseudorandom function [family] 1123PRML partial response, maximum likelihood 1124PRN pseudorandom {noise,number} 1125PRNG pseudorandom number generator 1126PROM programmable read only memory 1127PRP pseudorandom permutation 1128PRU Programmable Realtime Unit 1129PS PostScript 1130PSD power spectral density 1131PSE page size extensions 1132PSK phase shift keying 1133PSK pre-shared key 1134PSTN public switched telephone network 1135PSW program status word 1136PTE page table entry 1137PTLA pseudo top level aggregator 1138PTP page table page 1139PTV perceived target value 1140PU processing unit 1141PUC personal unblocking code 1142PUN physical unit number 1143PV physical volume 1144PVG physical volume group 1145PVI protected-mode virtual interrupt 1146PVST Per-VLAN Spanning Tree 1147PWM pulse width modulation 1148PXE preboot execution environment 1149QA quality assurance 1150QAM quadrature amplitude modulation 1151QAM quality assurance management 1152QBE query by example 1153QC quality control 1154QDI quasi delay insensitive 1155QCIF quarter common intermediate format 1156QOS quality of service 1157QVL qualified vendor list 1158R/O read only 1159R/W read/write 1160RA receiver address 1161RA remote assistance 1162RA resource affinity 1163RA router advertisement 1164RAD rapid application development 1165RAID redundant array of {independent,inexpensive} disks 1166RAM random access memory 1167RAS reliability, availability and serviceability 1168RAS remote access service 1169RAS restartable atomic sequence 1170RAS row address strobe 1171RBF radial basis function 1172RBT red-black tree 1173RC release candidate 1174RC remote control 1175RC run commands 1176RCS Revision Control System 1177RCS revision control system 1178RCU read, copy, update 1179RDB Rigid Disk Block 1180RDBMS relational database management system 1181RDF Resource Description Framework 1182RDM relational data model 1183RDMA remote direct memory access 1184RDRAM Rambus DRAM 1185RE regular expression 1186REST representational state transfer 1187RF radio frequency 1188RFI radio frequency interference 1189RFO request for ownership 1190RGB red green blue 1191RGBA red green blue alpha 1192RGMII reduced gigabit media independent interface 1193RH read hit 1194RHEL Red Hat Enterprise Linux 1195RHL Red Hat Linux 1196RIB routing information base 1197RIFF Resource Interchange File Format 1198RIP Raster Image Processor 1199RIP Routing Information Protocol 1200RIR regional Internet registry 1201RISC reduced instruction set {computer,computing} 1202RKM ROM Kernel Manual 1203RLE run length encoding 1204RLL run length limited 1205RLO right-to-left override 1206RM read miss 1207RMCP Remote Management Control Protocol 1208RMI remote method invocation 1209RMO Relaxed Memory Ordering 1210RMPM rapid memory power management 1211RMS root mean square 1212RMW read, modify, write 1213RNG random number generator 1214ROM read only memory 1215RPC remote procedure call 1216RPKI resource PKI 1217RPL requested privilege level 1218RPM revolutions per minute 1219RPN reverse Polish notation 1220RPVST Rapid Per-VLAN Spanning Tree 1221RR random replacement 1222RR round robin 1223RS relay station 1224RSA Rivest, Shamir, [and] Adleman 1225RSIP Realm Specific IP 1226RSN Robust Secure Network 1227RSS really simple syndication 1228RSS residual sum of squares 1229RSTP Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol 1230RT real time 1231RTC real time clock 1232RTC real time computing 1233RTF rich text format 1234RTL register transfer language 1235RTL resistor-transistor logic 1236RTL right to left 1237RTOS real time operating system 1238RTS request to send 1239RTT round trip time 1240RUP rational unified process 1241RW Rabin-Williams 1242RWM read-write memory 1243RX {receive,receiver} 1244S/PDIF Sony/Philips Digital Interface Format 1245SA security advisory 1246SA security association 1247SA source address 1248SA structured analysis 1249SAAS software as a service 1250SACD super audio compact disc 1251SAD security association database 1252SAL {service,system} abstraction layer 1253SAM serial access memory 1254SAM sum addressed memory 1255SAML security assertion markup language 1256SAN storage area network 1257SAP service access point 1258SAPIC streamlined advanced programmable interrupt controller 1259SASD structured analysis, structured design 1260SASI Shugart Associates System Interface 1261SASL simple authentication [and] security layer 1262SATA serial advanced technology attachment 1263SAX simple API for XML 1264SB sound blaster 1265SBU standard build unit 1266SC store conditional 1267SCA source code analyzer 1268SCADA supervisory control and data acquisition 1269SCC single chip cloud 1270SCC source code control 1271SCCS Source Code Control System 1272SCI scalable coherent interface 1273SCI system control interrupt 1274SCM software configuration management 1275SCM source code management 1276SCM storage-class memory 1277SCO synchronous connection orientated 1278SCP secure copy 1279SCSI Small Computer System Interface 1280SCTP Stream Control Transmission Protocol 1281SDEI software delegated exception interface 1282SDI symbol deinterleave 1283SDK software development kit 1284SDL Simple Declarative Language 1285SDL Simple Direct-media Layer 1286SDLC {software,system,systems} development life cycle 1287SDN software defined networking 1288SDP Session Description Protocol 1289SDRAM synchronous dynamic random access memory 1290SDS software defined storage 1291SDT syntax-directed translation 1292SEA synchronous external abort 1293SEGV segmentation violation 1294SEO search engine optimization 1295SES SCSI enclosure services 1296SFC sequential function chart 1297SFI simple firmware interface 1298SFI software fault isolation 1299SFTP SSH File Transfer Protocol 1300SFTP Serial File Transfer Protocol 1301SFTP Simple File Transfer Protocol 1302SGMII serial gigabit media independent interface 1303SGRAM synchronous graphics random access memory 1304SHA secure hash algorithm 1305SIDH supersingular isogeny Diffie-Hellman 1306SIEM security information and event management 1307SIF source input format 1308SIFS short inter-frame space 1309SIM subscriber identity module 1310SIMD single instruction, multiple data 1311SIMM single inline memory module 1312SIP Session Initiation Protocol 1313SIR signal-to-interference ratio 1314SIR slow infrared 1315SISD single instruction, single data 1316SLAAC stateless address auto-configuration 1317SLC single-level cell 1318SLDRAM synchronous-link dynamic random access memory 1319SLED single large expensive disk 1320SLI scalable link interface 1321SLI scan-line interleave 1322SLOC source lines of code 1323SLRU segmented LRU 1324SMA smart memory access 1325SMAF system management action field 1326SMAP Simple Mail Access Protocol 1327SMAP supervisor mode access prevention 1328SMART self-monitoring analysis and reporting technology 1329SMB Server Message Block 1330SMB system management bus 1331SMBIOS System Management BIOS 1332SMC system management controller 1333SMD storage module device 1334SMEP supervisor mode execution protection 1335SMF single mode fiber 1336SMI structure of management information 1337SMI system management interrupt 1338SMM system management mode 1339SMP symmetric multiprocessing 1340SMT simultaneous multithreading 1341SMTP Simple Mail Transfer Protocol 1342SMU system management unit 1343SNAP Sub-Network Access Protocol 1344SNIA Storage Networking Industry Association 1345SNMP Simple Network Management Protocol 1346SNR signal-to-noise ratio 1347SOA service oriented architecture 1348SOAP Simple Object Access Protocol 1349SOC system on chip 1350SOF start of frame 1351SOH start of header 1352SOHO small office/home office 1353SOL serial over LAN 1354SP service pack 1355SP stack pointer 1356SPA storage pool allocator 1357SPARC scalable processor architecture 1358SPARQL SPARQL Protocol and RDF Query Language 1359SPD security policy database 1360SPD serial presence detect 1361SPDIF Sony/Philips digital interface format 1362SPI serial peripheral interface 1363SPI stateful packet inspection 1364SPL system interrupt priority level 1365SPL spinlock 1366SPMD single process, multiple data 1367SPR special purpose register 1368SPT sectors per track 1369SQA software quality assurance 1370SQCIF sub quarter common intermediate format 1371SQL Structured Query Language 1372SRAM static random access memory 1373SRC sample rate conversion 1374SRP SCSI RDMA protocol 1375SS self-snoop 1376SS stack segment 1377SSA static single assignment 1378SSAP source service access point 1379SSB single-sideband modulation 1380SSD solid state drive 1381SSE streaming SIMD extensions 1382SSFDC solid state floppy disc card 1383SSH secure shell 1384SSI server side includes 1385SSID service set identifier 1386SSL secure sockets layer 1387SSP stack smashing protection 1388STC software thermal control 1389STD state transition diagram 1390STOMP Streaming Text Oriented Messaging Protocol 1391STP Spanning Tree Protocol 1392STP shielded twisted pair 1393SUN Stanford University Network 1394SUS Single Unix Specification 1395SUT system under test 1396SVG scalable vector graphics 1397SVGA Super Video Graphics Array 1398SVI {switch,switched} virtual interface 1399SVM secure virtual machine 1400SVM support vector machine 1401SVR System V Release 1402SVS Separate Virtual Space 1403SWF Shockwave Flash 1404SWIG simplified wrapper [and] interface generator 1405SYR symbol timing recovery 1406TA test assertion 1407TA transmitter address 1408TAI international atomic time 1409TAO track at once 1410TAOCP The Art of Computer Programming 1411TAP Test Anything Protocol 1412TAS test and set 1413TB terabyte 1414TCB trace capture buffer 1415TCB trusted computing base 1416TCC thermal control circuit 1417TCL tool command language 1418TCP Transmission Control Protocol 1419TCQ tagged command queueing 1420TDC time [to] digital converter 1421TDD test-driven development 1422TDD time division duplex 1423TDM time division multiplexing 1424TDMA time division multiple access 1425TDOA time difference of arrival 1426TDP thermal design {point,power} 1427TECO Text Editor and Corrector 1428TFT thin film transistor 1429TFTP Trivial File Transfer Protocol 1430TIAS try it and see 1431TIFF tagged image file format 1432TITS try it to see 1433TK temporal key 1434TKIP Temporal Key Integrity Protocol 1435TLA top level aggregator 1436TLB translation lookaside buffer 1437TLD top level domain 1438TLS thread local storage 1439TLS transport layer security 1440TM Turing machine 1441TM thermal monitor 1442TMDS transition minimized differential signaling 1443TMO timeout 1444TOD time of day 1445TOS terms of service 1446TOS trusted operating system 1447TOS type of service 1448TP transaction processing 1449TPI tracks per inch 1450TPM transactions per minute 1451TPM trusted platform module 1452TPR task priority register 1453TPS transactions per second 1454TPS transmission parameters signaling 1455TR task register 1456TR token ring 1457TRL timing recovery loop 1458TRNG true random number generator 1459TS terminal services 1460TS time series 1461TS time stamp 1462TS transport stream 1463TSAN Thread Sanitizer 1464TSC time stamp counter 1465TSD time stamp disable 1466TSDB time series database 1467TSL test, set, lock 1468TSO time sharing option 1469TSO Total Store Ordering 1470TSP Time-Stamp Protocol 1471TSP Tunnel Setup Protocol 1472TSP time synchronization protocol 1473TSP traveling salesman problem 1474TSS task state segment 1475TTL time to live 1476TTL transistor-transistor logic 1477TTM translation table maps 1478TTY teletype 1479TUI {terminal,text-based,textual} user interface 1480TX {transmit out,transmitter} 1481TXG transaction group 1482TZ time zone 1483UAC user {access,account} control 1484UAF use-after-free 1485UART universal asynchronous receiver/transmitter 1486UAT user acceptance testing 1487UB undefined behavior 1488UBSAN Undefined Behavior Sanitizer 1489UC uncacheable 1490UCS uniform-cost search 1491UDMA ultra DMA 1492UDO ultra density optical 1493UDP User Datagram Protocol 1494UEFI unified extensible firmware interface 1495UFS Unix File System 1496UGA universal graphics adapter 1497UI unit interval 1498UI user interface 1499UICC universal integrated circuit card 1500UID unique identifier 1501UID user identifier 1502UL upload 1503UMA uniform memory access 1504UMA upper memory area 1505UMB upper memory block 1506UML unified modeling language 1507UMPC ultra-mobile PC 1508UPNP universal plug and play 1509UPS uninterruptible power supply 1510URI uniform resource identifier 1511URL uniform resource locator 1512URN uniform resource name 1513USART universal synchronous/asynchronous receiver/transmitter 1514USB universal serial bus 1515USWC uncacheable speculative write combining 1516UT unit test 1517UTC coordinated universal time 1518UTP unshielded twisted pair 1519UUCP Unix-to-Unix Copy Protocol 1520UUID universally unique identifier 1521UUOC useless use of cat 1522UUT unit under test 1523UX user experience 1524VA vertical alignment 1525VA virtual address 1526VA volt-ampere 1527VAX virtual address extension 1528VB Visual Basic 1529VCA variable-gain amplifier 1530VCC common collector voltage 1531VCF voltage-controlled filter 1532VCM virtual channel memory 1533VCO voltage-controlled oscillator 1534VCS version control system 1535VESA Video Electronics Standards Association 1536VFO variable-frequency oscillator 1537VG volume group 1538VGA Video Graphics Array 1539VHDCI very high density cable interconnect 1540VID {VLAN,voltage level} identifier 1541VIM Vi IMproved 1542VIPT virtually indexed, physically tagged 1543VIVT virtually indexed, virtually tagged 1544VLAN virtual local area network 1545VLIW very long instruction word 1546VLSI very large scale integration 1547VLSM variable length subnet mask 1548VM virtual {machine,memory} 1549VME virtual mode extension 1550VMX vector multimedia extensions 1551VMX virtual machine extensions 1552VOD video on demand 1553VPN virtual private network 1554VR virtual reality 1555VRAM video random access memory 1556VRF virtual routing and forwarding 1557VRM voltage regulator module 1558VRRP Virtual Router Redundancy Protocol 1559VSTP VLAN Spanning Tree Protocol 1560VTP VLAN Trunking Protocol 1561W watt 1562W3C World Wide Web Consortium 1563WAMP Web Application Messaging Protocol 1564WAN wide area network 1565WAP Wireless Application Protocol 1566WAP wireless access point 1567WDM Windows Driver Model 1568WDDM Windows Display Driver Model 1569WDT watchdog timer 1570WEP Wired Equivalent Privacy 1571WFI wait for interrupt 1572WFQ weighted fair queuing 1573WH write hit 1574WIFI wireless fidelity 1575WLAN wireless local area network 1576WM write miss 1577WMI Windows Management Instrumentation 1578WOL Wake-on-LAN 1579WOM Wake-on-Modem 1580WOR Wake-on-Ring 1581WORM write once read many 1582WP WordPerfect 1583WP word processor 1584WP write protect 1585WPA Wi-Fi Protected Access 1586WPA2 Wi-Fi Protected Access II 1587WPS Wi-Fi Protected Setup 1588WRAM window random access memory 1589WS web services 1590WTC write through caching 1591WWAN wireless wide area network 1592WWW world wide web 1593WYSIAYG what you see is all you get 1594WYSIWYG what you see is what you get 1595XBAR crossbar 1596XDMCP X Display Manager control protocol 1597XER XML encoding rules 1598XGA Extended Graphics Array 1599XHR XMLHttpRequest 1600XIP execute in place 1601XML Extensible Markup Language 1602XOR exclusive or 1603XP extreme programming 1604XSI X/Open System Interface 1605XSL extensible stylesheet language 1606XSS cross site scripting 1607XT extended technology 1608XUL XML user interface language 1609YACC yet another compiler compiler 1610YAML YAML ain't markup language 1611YANG yet another next generation 1612YAWPFAPR you are welcome; please file a problem report 1613YP Yellow Pages 1614YTD year to date 1615ZAP ZFS attribute processor 1616ZBR zone bit recording 1617ZFOD zero-filled on demand 1618ZFS zettabyte file system 1619ZIF zero insertion force 1620ZIFS zero insertion force socket 1621ZIL ZFS intent log 1622ZMA zone multicast address 1623ZPL ZFS Posix layer 1624ZVOL ZFS Volume 1625