xref: /src/sys/arch/alpha/include/alpha_cpu.h

/* $NetBSD: alpha_cpu.h,v 1.56 2022/07/20 15:52:47 thorpej Exp $ */

/*
 * Copyright (c) 1996 Carnegie-Mellon University.
 * All rights reserved.
 *
 * Author: Chris G. Demetriou
 *
 * Permission to use, copy, modify and distribute this software and
 * its documentation is hereby granted, provided that both the copyright
 * notice and this permission notice appear in all copies of the
 * software, derivative works or modified versions, and any portions
 * thereof, and that both notices appear in supporting documentation.
 *
 * CARNEGIE MELLON ALLOWS FREE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE IN ITS "AS IS"
 * CONDITION.  CARNEGIE MELLON DISCLAIMS ANY LIABILITY OF ANY KIND
 * FOR ANY DAMAGES WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE.
 *
 * Carnegie Mellon requests users of this software to return to
 *
 *  Software Distribution Coordinator  or  Software.Distribution (at) CS.CMU.EDU
 *  School of Computer Science
 *  Carnegie Mellon University
 *  Pittsburgh PA 15213-3890
 *
 * any improvements or extensions that they make and grant Carnegie the
 * rights to redistribute these changes.
 */

#ifndef __ALPHA_ALPHA_CPU_H__
#define	__ALPHA_ALPHA_CPU_H__

/*
 * Alpha CPU + OSF/1 PALcode definitions for use by the kernel.
 *
 * Definitions for:
 *
 *	Process Control Block
 *	Interrupt/Exception/Syscall Stack Frame
 *	Processor Status Register
 *	Machine Check Error Summary Register
 *	Machine Check Logout Area
 *	Per CPU state Management of Machine Check Handling
 *	Virtual Memory Management
 *	Kernel Entry Vectors
 *	MMCSR Fault Type Codes
 *	AESR Fault Code bits
 *	Translation Buffer Invalidation
 *
 * and miscellaneous PALcode operations.
 */


/*
 * Process Control Block definitions [OSF/1 PALcode Specific]
 */

struct alpha_pcb {
	unsigned long	apcb_ksp;	/* kernel stack ptr */
	unsigned long	apcb_usp;	/* user stack ptr */
	unsigned long	apcb_ptbr;	/* page table base reg */
	unsigned int	apcb_cpc;	/* charged process cycles */
	unsigned int	apcb_asn;	/* address space number */
	unsigned long	apcb_unique;	/* process unique value */
#define	apcb_backup_ksp	apcb_unique	/* backup kernel stack ptr */
	unsigned long	apcb_flags;	/* flags; see below */
	unsigned long	apcb_decrsv0;	/* DEC reserved */
	unsigned long	apcb_decrsv1;	/* DEC reserved */
};

#define	ALPHA_PCB_FLAGS_FEN	0x0000000000000001
#define	ALPHA_PCB_FLAGS_PME	0x4000000000000000

/*
 * Interrupt/Exception/Syscall "Hardware" (really PALcode)
 * Stack Frame definitions
 *
 * These are quadword offsets from the sp on kernel entry, i.e.
 * to get to the value in question you access (sp + (offset * 8)).
 *
 * On syscall entry, A0-A2 aren't written to memory but space
 * _is_ reserved for them.
 */

#define	ALPHA_HWFRAME_PS	0	/* processor status register */
#define	ALPHA_HWFRAME_PC	1	/* program counter */
#define	ALPHA_HWFRAME_GP	2	/* global pointer */
#define	ALPHA_HWFRAME_A0	3	/* a0 */
#define	ALPHA_HWFRAME_A1	4	/* a1 */
#define	ALPHA_HWFRAME_A2	5	/* a2 */

#define	ALPHA_HWFRAME_SIZE	6	/* 6 8-byte words */

/*
 * Processor Status Register [OSF/1 PALcode Specific]
 *
 * Includes user/kernel mode bit, interrupt priority levels, etc.
 *
 * Processor Status Summary
 * ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 * PS<mode>	PS<IPL>		Mode		Use
 * ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 * 1		0		User		User software
 * 0		0		Kernel		System software
 * 0		1		Kernel		System software
 * 0		2		Kernel		System software
 * 0		3		Kernel		Low priority device interrupts
 * 0		4		Kernel		High priority device interrupts
 * 0		5		Kernel		Clock, inter-proc interrupts
 * 0		6		Kernel		Real-time device interrupts
 * 0		6		Kernel		Correctable error reporting
 * 0		7		Kernel		Machine checks
 */

#define	ALPHA_PSL_USERMODE	0x0008		/* set -> user mode */
#define	ALPHA_PSL_IPL_MASK	0x0007		/* interrupt level mask */

#define	ALPHA_PSL_IPL_0		0x0000		/* all interrupts enabled */
#define	ALPHA_PSL_IPL_SOFT_LO	0x0001		/* low pri soft ints disabled */
#define	ALPHA_PSL_IPL_SOFT_HI	0x0002		/* hi pri soft ints disabled */
#define	ALPHA_PSL_IPL_IO_LO	0x0003		/* low pri dev ints disabled */
#define	ALPHA_PSL_IPL_IO_HI	0x0004		/* hi pri dev ints disabled */
#define	ALPHA_PSL_IPL_CLOCK	0x0005		/* clock ints disabled */
#define	ALPHA_PSL_IPL_HIGH	0x0006		/* all but mchecks disabled */
#define	ALPHA_PSL_IPL_MCHECK	0x0007		/* machine checks disabled */

#define	ALPHA_PSL_MUST_BE_ZERO	0xfffffffffffffff0

/* Convenience constants: what must be set/clear in user mode */
#define	ALPHA_PSL_USERSET	ALPHA_PSL_USERMODE
#define	ALPHA_PSL_USERCLR	(ALPHA_PSL_MUST_BE_ZERO | ALPHA_PSL_IPL_MASK)

/*
 * Interrupt Type Code Definitions [OSF/1 PALcode Specific]
 */

#define	ALPHA_INTR_XPROC	0	/* interprocessor interrupt */
#define	ALPHA_INTR_CLOCK	1	/* clock interrupt */
#define	ALPHA_INTR_ERROR	2	/* correctable error or mcheck */
#define	ALPHA_INTR_DEVICE	3	/* device interrupt */
#define	ALPHA_INTR_PERF		4	/* performance counter */
#define	ALPHA_INTR_PASSIVE	5	/* passive release */

/*
 * Machine Check Error Summary Register definitions [OSF/1 PALcode Specific]
 *
 * The following bits are values as read.  On write, _PCE, _SCE, and
 * _MIP are "write 1 to clear."
 */

#define	ALPHA_MCES_IMP							\
    0xffffffff00000000	/* impl. dependent */
#define	ALPHA_MCES_RSVD							\
    0x00000000ffffffe0	/* reserved */
#define	ALPHA_MCES_DSC							\
    0x0000000000000010	/* disable system correctable error reporting */
#define	ALPHA_MCES_DPC							\
    0x0000000000000008	/* disable processor correctable error reporting */
#define	ALPHA_MCES_PCE							\
    0x0000000000000004	/* processor correctable error in progress */
#define	ALPHA_MCES_SCE							\
    0x0000000000000002	/* system correctable error in progress */
#define	ALPHA_MCES_MIP							\
    0x0000000000000001	/* machine check in progress */

/*
 * Machine Check Error Summary Register definitions [OSF/1 PALcode Specific]
 *
 * Note that these are *generic* OSF/1 PALcode specific defines. There are
 * platform variations to these entities.
 */

struct alpha_logout_area {
	unsigned int	la_frame_size;		/* frame size */
	unsigned int	la_flags;		/* flags; see below */
	unsigned int	la_cpu_offset;		/* offset to cpu area */
	unsigned int	la_system_offset;	/* offset to system area */
};

#define	ALPHA_LOGOUT_FLAGS_RETRY	0x80000000	/* OK to continue */
#define	ALPHA_LOGOUT_FLAGS_SE		0x40000000	/* second error */
#define	ALPHA_LOGOUT_FLAGS_SBZ		0x3fffffff	/* should be zero */

#define	ALPHA_LOGOUT_NOT_BUILT						\
    (struct alpha_logout_area *)0xffffffffffffffff)

#define	ALPHA_LOGOUT_PAL_AREA(lap)					\
    (unsigned long *)((unsigned char *)(lap) + 16)
#define	ALPHA_LOGOUT_PAL_SIZE(lap)					\
    ((lap)->la_cpu_offset - 16)
#define	ALPHA_LOGOUT_CPU_AREA(lap)					\
    (unsigned long *)((unsigned char *)(lap) + (lap)->la_cpu_offset)
#define	ALPHA_LOGOUT_CPU_SIZE(lap)					\
    ((lap)->la_system_offset - (lap)->la_cpu_offset)
#define	ALPHA_LOGOUT_SYSTEM_AREA(lap)					\
    (unsigned long *)((unsigned char *)(lap) + (lap)->la_system_offset)
#define	ALPHA_LOGOUT_SYSTEM_SIZE(lap)					\
    ((lap)->la_frame_size - (lap)->la_system_offset)

/* types of machine checks */
#define	ALPHA_SYS_ERROR		0x620	/* System correctable error	*/
#define	ALPHA_PROC_ERROR	0x630	/* Processor correctable error	*/
#define	ALPHA_SYS_MCHECK	0x660	/* System machine check		*/
#define	ALPHA_PROC_MCHECK	0x670	/* Processor machine check	*/
#define	ALPHA_ENV_MCHECK	0x680	/* Environmental error		*/

/*
 * Virtual Memory Management definitions [OSF/1 PALcode Specific]
 *
 * Includes user and kernel space addresses and information,
 * page table entry definitions, etc.
 *
 * NOTE THAT THESE DEFINITIONS MAY CHANGE IN FUTURE ALPHA CPUS!
 */

#define	ALPHA_PGSHIFT		13
#define	ALPHA_PGBYTES		(1 << ALPHA_PGSHIFT)

#define	ALPHA_USEG_BASE		0			/* virtual */
#define	ALPHA_USEG_END		0x000003ffffffffff

#define	ALPHA_K0SEG_BASE	0xfffffc0000000000	/* direct-mapped */
#define	ALPHA_K0SEG_END		0xfffffdffffffffff
#define	ALPHA_K1SEG_BASE	0xfffffe0000000000	/* virtual */
#define	ALPHA_K1SEG_END		0xffffffffffffffff

#define ALPHA_K0SEG_TO_PHYS(x)	((x) & ~ALPHA_K0SEG_BASE)
#define ALPHA_PHYS_TO_K0SEG(x)	((x) | ALPHA_K0SEG_BASE)

#define	ALPHA_PTE_VALID			0x0001

#define	ALPHA_PTE_FAULT_ON_READ		0x0002
#define	ALPHA_PTE_FAULT_ON_WRITE	0x0004
#define	ALPHA_PTE_FAULT_ON_EXECUTE	0x0008

#define	ALPHA_PTE_ASM			0x0010		/* addr. space match */
#define	ALPHA_PTE_GRANULARITY		0x0060		/* granularity hint */

#define	ALPHA_PTE_PROT			0xff00
#define	ALPHA_PTE_KR			0x0100
#define	ALPHA_PTE_UR			0x0200
#define	ALPHA_PTE_KW			0x1000
#define	ALPHA_PTE_UW			0x2000

#define	ALPHA_PTE_WRITE			(ALPHA_PTE_KW | ALPHA_PTE_UW)

#define	ALPHA_PTE_SOFTWARE		0x00000000ffff0000
#define	ALPHA_PTE_PALCODE		(~ALPHA_PTE_SOFTWARE) /* shorthand */

#define	ALPHA_PTE_PFN			0xffffffff00000000

#define	ALPHA_PTE_TO_PFN(pte)		((pte) >> 32)
#define	ALPHA_PTE_FROM_PFN(pfn)		((pfn) << 32)

typedef unsigned long alpha_pt_entry_t;

/*
 * Kernel Entry Vectors.  [OSF/1 PALcode Specific]
 */

#define	ALPHA_KENTRY_INT	0
#define	ALPHA_KENTRY_ARITH	1
#define	ALPHA_KENTRY_MM		2
#define	ALPHA_KENTRY_IF		3
#define	ALPHA_KENTRY_UNA	4
#define	ALPHA_KENTRY_SYS	5

/*
 * Arithmetic Exception Summary Register.  [OSF/1 PALcode Specific]
 */

#define	ALPHA_AESR_SWC		__BIT(0)	/* software completion */
#define	ALPHA_AESR_INV		__BIT(1)	/* invalid operation */
#define	ALPHA_AESR_DZE		__BIT(2)	/* division by zero */
#define	ALPHA_AESR_OVF		__BIT(3)	/* overflow */
#define	ALPHA_AESR_UNF		__BIT(4)	/* underflow */
#define	ALPHA_AESR_INE		__BIT(5)	/* inexact result */
#define	ALPHA_AESR_IOV		__BIT(6)	/* integer overflow */

/*
 * MMCSR Fault Type Codes.  [OSF/1 PALcode Specific]
 */

#define	ALPHA_MMCSR_INVALTRANS	0
#define	ALPHA_MMCSR_ACCESS	1
#define	ALPHA_MMCSR_FOR		2
#define	ALPHA_MMCSR_FOE		3
#define	ALPHA_MMCSR_FOW		4

/*
 * Instruction Fault Type Codes.  [OSF/1 PALcode Specific]
 */

#define	ALPHA_IF_CODE_BPT	0
#define	ALPHA_IF_CODE_BUGCHK	1
#define	ALPHA_IF_CODE_GENTRAP	2
#define	ALPHA_IF_CODE_FEN	3
#define	ALPHA_IF_CODE_OPDEC	4

#ifdef _KERNEL

/*
 * Translation Buffer Invalidation definitions [OSF/1 PALcode Specific]
 */

#define	ALPHA_TBIA()	alpha_pal_tbi(-2, 0)		/* all TB entries */
#define	ALPHA_TBIAP()	alpha_pal_tbi(-1, 0)		/* all per-process */
#define	ALPHA_TBISI(va)	alpha_pal_tbi(1, (va))		/* ITB entry for va */
#define	ALPHA_TBISD(va)	alpha_pal_tbi(2, (va))		/* DTB entry for va */
#define	ALPHA_TBIS(va)	alpha_pal_tbi(3, (va))		/* all for va */

#endif /* _KERNEL */

/*
 * Bits used in the amask instruction [EV56 and later]
 */

#define	ALPHA_AMASK_BWX		0x0001		/* byte/word extension */
#define	ALPHA_AMASK_FIX		0x0002		/* floating point conv. ext. */
#define	ALPHA_AMASK_CIX		0x0004		/* count extension */
#define	ALPHA_AMASK_MVI		0x0100		/* multimedia extension */
#define	ALPHA_AMASK_PAT		0x0200		/* precise arith. traps */
#define	ALPHA_AMASK_PMI		0x1000		/* prefetch w/ modify intent */

#define	ALPHA_AMASK_ALL		(ALPHA_AMASK_BWX|ALPHA_AMASK_FIX|	\
				 ALPHA_AMASK_CIX|ALPHA_AMASK_MVI|	\
				 ALPHA_AMASK_PAT|ALPHA_AMASK_PMI)

#define	ALPHA_AMASK_BITS						\
    "\20\15PMI\12PAT\11MVI\3CIX\2FIX\1BWX"

/*
 * Chip family IDs returned by implver instruction
 */

#define	ALPHA_IMPLVER_EV4	0		/* LCA/EV4/EV45 */
#define	ALPHA_IMPLVER_EV5	1		/* EV5/EV56/PCA56 */
#define	ALPHA_IMPLVER_EV6	2		/* EV6 */
#define	ALPHA_IMPLVER_EV7	3		/* EV7/EV79 */

#ifdef _KERNEL

/*
 * Maximum processor ID we allow from `whami', and related constants.
 *
 * XXX This is not really processor or PALcode specific, but this is
 * a convenient place to put these definitions.
 *
 * XXX This is clipped at 63 so that we can use `long's for proc bitmasks.
 */

#define	ALPHA_WHAMI_MAXID	63
#define	ALPHA_MAXPROCS		(ALPHA_WHAMI_MAXID + 1)

/*
 * Misc. support routines.
 */
const char	*alpha_dsr_sysname(void);

/*
 * Stubs for Alpha instructions normally inaccessible from C.
 */
unsigned long	alpha_amask(unsigned long);
unsigned long	alpha_implver(void);

#endif /* _KERNEL */

/* XXX Expose the insn wrappers to userspace, for now. */

static __inline unsigned long
alpha_rpcc(void)
{
	unsigned long v0;

	__asm volatile("rpcc %0" : "=r" (v0));
	return (v0);
}

#define	alpha_mb()	__asm volatile("mb" : : : "memory")
#define	alpha_wmb()	__asm volatile("wmb" : : : "memory")

#if defined(_KERNEL) || defined(_STANDALONE)

/*
 * Stubs for OSF/1 PALcode operations.
 */
#include <machine/pal.h>

void		alpha_pal_cflush(unsigned long);
void		alpha_pal_halt(void) __attribute__((__noreturn__));
unsigned long	_alpha_pal_swpipl(unsigned long);	/* for profiling */
void		alpha_pal_wrent(void *, unsigned long);
void		alpha_pal_wrvptptr(unsigned long);
unsigned long	alpha_pal_wtint(unsigned long);

#define	alpha_pal_draina() __asm volatile("call_pal %0 # PAL_draina"	\
				: : "i" (PAL_draina) : "memory")

#define	alpha_pal_imb()	__asm volatile("call_pal %0 # PAL_imb"	\
				: : "i" (PAL_imb) : "memory")

static __inline unsigned long
alpha_pal_rdmces(void)
{
	register unsigned long v0 __asm("$0");

	__asm volatile("call_pal %1 # PAL_OSF1_rdmces"
		: "=r" (v0)
		: "i" (PAL_OSF1_rdmces)
		/* clobbers t0, t8..t11 */
		: "$1", "$22", "$23", "$24", "$25");

	return (v0);
}

static __inline unsigned long
alpha_pal_rdps(void)
{
	register unsigned long v0 __asm("$0");

	__asm volatile("call_pal %1 # PAL_OSF1_rdps"
		: "=r" (v0)
		: "i" (PAL_OSF1_rdps)
		/* clobbers t0, t8..t11 */
		: "$1", "$22", "$23", "$24", "$25");

	return (v0);
}

static __inline unsigned long
alpha_pal_rdunique(void)
{
	register unsigned long v0 __asm("$0");

	__asm volatile("call_pal %1 # PAL_rdunique"
		: "=r" (v0)
		: "i" (PAL_rdunique));

	return (v0);
}

static __inline unsigned long
alpha_pal_rdusp(void)
{
	register unsigned long v0 __asm("$0");

	__asm volatile("call_pal %1 # PAL_OSF1_rdusp"
		: "=r" (v0)
		: "i" (PAL_OSF1_rdusp)
		/* clobbers t0, t8..t11 */
		: "$1", "$22", "$23", "$24", "$25");

	return (v0);
}

static __inline __always_inline unsigned long
alpha_pal_rdval(void)
{
	register unsigned long v0 __asm("$0");

	__asm volatile("call_pal %1 # PAL_OSF1_rdval"
		: "=r" (v0)
		: "i" (PAL_OSF1_rdval)
		/* clobbers t0, t8..t11 */
		: "$1", "$22", "$23", "$24", "$25");

	return (v0);
}

static __inline unsigned long
alpha_pal_swpctx(unsigned long ctx)
{
	register unsigned long a0 __asm("$16") = ctx;
	register unsigned long v0 __asm("$0");

	__asm volatile("call_pal %2 # PAL_OSF1_swpctx"
		: "=r" (a0), "=r" (v0)
		: "i" (PAL_OSF1_swpctx), "0" (a0)
		/* clobbers t0, t8..t11, a0 (above) */
		: "$1", "$22", "$23", "$24", "$25", "memory");

	return (v0);
}

static __inline unsigned long
alpha_pal_swpipl(unsigned long ipl)
{
	register unsigned long a0 __asm("$16") = ipl;
	register unsigned long v0 __asm("$0");

	__asm volatile("call_pal %2 # PAL_OSF1_swpipl"
		: "=r" (a0), "=r" (v0)
		: "i" (PAL_OSF1_swpipl), "0" (a0)
		/* clobbers t0, t8..t11, a0 (above) */
		: "$1", "$22", "$23", "$24", "$25", "memory");

	return (v0);
}

static __inline void
alpha_pal_tbi(unsigned long op, vaddr_t va)
{
	register unsigned long a0 __asm("$16") = op;
	register unsigned long a1 __asm("$17") = va;

	__asm volatile("call_pal %2 # PAL_OSF1_tbi"
		: "=r" (a0), "=r" (a1)
		: "i" (PAL_OSF1_tbi), "0" (a0), "1" (a1)
		/* clobbers t0, t8..t11, a0 (above), a1 (above) */
		: "$1", "$22", "$23", "$24", "$25");
}

static __inline unsigned long
alpha_pal_whami(void)
{
	register unsigned long v0 __asm("$0");

	__asm volatile("call_pal %1 # PAL_OSF1_whami"
		: "=r" (v0)
		: "i" (PAL_OSF1_whami)
		/* clobbers t0, t8..t11 */
		: "$1", "$22", "$23", "$24", "$25");

	return (v0);
}

static __inline void
alpha_pal_wrfen(unsigned long onoff)
{
	register unsigned long a0 __asm("$16") = onoff;

	__asm volatile("call_pal %1 # PAL_OSF1_wrfen"
		: "=r" (a0)
		: "i" (PAL_OSF1_wrfen), "0" (a0)
		/* clobbers t0, t8..t11, a0 (above) */
		: "$1", "$22", "$23", "$24", "$25");
}

static __inline void
alpha_pal_wripir(unsigned long cpu_id)
{
	register unsigned long a0 __asm("$16") = cpu_id;

	__asm volatile("call_pal %1 # PAL_ipir"
		: "=r" (a0)
		: "i" (PAL_ipir), "0" (a0)
		/* clobbers t0, t8..t11, a0 (above) */
		: "$1", "$22", "$23", "$24", "$25");
}

static __inline void
alpha_pal_wrunique(unsigned long unique)
{
	register unsigned long a0 __asm("$16") = unique;

	__asm volatile("call_pal %1 # PAL_wrunique"
		: "=r" (a0)
		: "i" (PAL_wrunique), "0" (a0));
}

static __inline void
alpha_pal_wrusp(unsigned long usp)
{
	register unsigned long a0 __asm("$16") = usp;

	__asm volatile("call_pal %1 # PAL_OSF1_wrusp"
		: "=r" (a0)
		: "i" (PAL_OSF1_wrusp), "0" (a0)
		/* clobbers t0, t8..t11, a0 (above) */
		: "$1", "$22", "$23", "$24", "$25");
}

static __inline void
alpha_pal_wrmces(unsigned long mces)
{
	register unsigned long a0 __asm("$16") = mces;

	__asm volatile("call_pal %1 # PAL_OSF1_wrmces"
		: "=r" (a0)
		: "i" (PAL_OSF1_wrmces), "0" (a0)
		/* clobbers t0, t8..t11 */
		: "$1", "$22", "$23", "$24", "$25");
}

static __inline void
alpha_pal_wrval(unsigned long val)
{
	register unsigned long a0 __asm("$16") = val;

	__asm volatile("call_pal %1 # PAL_OSF1_wrval"
		: "=r" (a0)
		: "i" (PAL_OSF1_wrval), "0" (a0)
		/* clobbers t0, t8..t11, a0 (above) */
		: "$1", "$22", "$23", "$24", "$25");
}

#endif /* _KERNEL */

#endif /* __ALPHA_ALPHA_CPU_H__ */