flsc.c revision 1.5.4.1 1 1.5.4.1 is /* $NetBSD: flsc.c,v 1.5.4.1 1996/06/03 19:35:40 is Exp $ */
2 1.5 veego
3 1.1 chopps /*
4 1.1 chopps * Copyright (c) 1995 Daniel Widenfalk
5 1.1 chopps * Copyright (c) 1994 Christian E. Hopps
6 1.1 chopps * Copyright (c) 1982, 1990 The Regents of the University of California.
7 1.1 chopps * All rights reserved.
8 1.1 chopps *
9 1.1 chopps * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
10 1.1 chopps * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
11 1.1 chopps * are met:
12 1.1 chopps * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
13 1.1 chopps * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
14 1.1 chopps * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
15 1.1 chopps * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
16 1.1 chopps * documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
17 1.1 chopps * 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
18 1.1 chopps * must display the following acknowledgement:
19 1.1 chopps * This product includes software developed by the University of
20 1.1 chopps * California, Berkeley and its contributors.
21 1.1 chopps * 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
22 1.1 chopps * may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
23 1.1 chopps * without specific prior written permission.
24 1.1 chopps *
25 1.1 chopps * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
26 1.1 chopps * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
27 1.1 chopps * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
28 1.1 chopps * ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
29 1.1 chopps * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
30 1.1 chopps * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
31 1.1 chopps * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
32 1.1 chopps * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
33 1.1 chopps * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
34 1.1 chopps * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
35 1.1 chopps * SUCH DAMAGE.
36 1.1 chopps *
37 1.1 chopps * @(#)dma.c
38 1.1 chopps */
39 1.1 chopps
40 1.1 chopps #include <sys/param.h>
41 1.1 chopps #include <sys/systm.h>
42 1.1 chopps #include <sys/kernel.h>
43 1.1 chopps #include <sys/device.h>
44 1.1 chopps #include <scsi/scsi_all.h>
45 1.1 chopps #include <scsi/scsiconf.h>
46 1.1 chopps #include <vm/vm.h>
47 1.1 chopps #include <vm/vm_kern.h>
48 1.1 chopps #include <vm/vm_page.h>
49 1.1 chopps #include <machine/pmap.h>
50 1.1 chopps #include <amiga/amiga/custom.h>
51 1.1 chopps #include <amiga/amiga/cc.h>
52 1.1 chopps #include <amiga/amiga/device.h>
53 1.1 chopps #include <amiga/amiga/isr.h>
54 1.1 chopps #include <amiga/dev/sfasreg.h>
55 1.1 chopps #include <amiga/dev/sfasvar.h>
56 1.1 chopps #include <amiga/dev/zbusvar.h>
57 1.1 chopps #include <amiga/dev/flscreg.h>
58 1.1 chopps #include <amiga/dev/flscvar.h>
59 1.1 chopps
60 1.1 chopps int flscprint __P((void *auxp, char *));
61 1.1 chopps void flscattach __P((struct device *, struct device *, void *));
62 1.3 thorpej int flscmatch __P((struct device *, void *, void *));
63 1.1 chopps
64 1.1 chopps struct scsi_adapter flsc_scsiswitch = {
65 1.1 chopps sfas_scsicmd,
66 1.1 chopps sfas_minphys,
67 1.1 chopps 0, /* no lun support */
68 1.1 chopps 0, /* no lun support */
69 1.1 chopps };
70 1.1 chopps
71 1.1 chopps struct scsi_device flsc_scsidev = {
72 1.1 chopps NULL, /* use default error handler */
73 1.1 chopps NULL, /* do not have a start functio */
74 1.1 chopps NULL, /* have no async handler */
75 1.1 chopps NULL, /* Use default done routine */
76 1.1 chopps };
77 1.1 chopps
78 1.3 thorpej struct cfattach flsc_ca = {
79 1.3 thorpej sizeof(struct flsc_softc), flscmatch, flscattach
80 1.3 thorpej };
81 1.1 chopps
82 1.3 thorpej struct cfdriver flsc_cd = {
83 1.3 thorpej NULL, "flsc", DV_DULL, NULL, 0
84 1.3 thorpej };
85 1.1 chopps
86 1.5 veego int flsc_intr __P((void *));
87 1.5 veego void flsc_set_dma_adr __P((struct sfas_softc *sc, vm_offset_t ptr));
88 1.5 veego void flsc_set_dma_tc __P((struct sfas_softc *sc, unsigned int len));
89 1.5 veego void flsc_set_dma_mode __P((struct sfas_softc *sc, int mode));
90 1.5 veego int flsc_setup_dma __P((struct sfas_softc *sc, vm_offset_t ptr, int len,
91 1.1 chopps int mode));
92 1.1 chopps int flsc_build_dma_chain __P((struct sfas_softc *sc,
93 1.1 chopps struct sfas_dma_chain *chain, void *p, int l));
94 1.5 veego int flsc_need_bump __P((struct sfas_softc *sc, vm_offset_t ptr, int len));
95 1.1 chopps void flsc_led __P((struct sfas_softc *sc, int mode));
96 1.1 chopps
97 1.1 chopps /*
98 1.1 chopps * if we are an Advanced Systems & Software FastlaneZ3
99 1.1 chopps */
100 1.1 chopps int
101 1.4 mhitch flscmatch(pdp, match, auxp)
102 1.1 chopps struct device *pdp;
103 1.3 thorpej void *match, *auxp;
104 1.1 chopps {
105 1.1 chopps struct zbus_args *zap;
106 1.1 chopps
107 1.1 chopps if (!is_a4000() && !is_a3000())
108 1.1 chopps return(0);
109 1.1 chopps
110 1.1 chopps zap = auxp;
111 1.5.4.1 is if (zap->manid == 0x2140 && zap->prodid == 11
112 1.5.4.1 is && iszthreepa(zap->pa))
113 1.1 chopps return(1);
114 1.1 chopps
115 1.1 chopps return(0);
116 1.1 chopps }
117 1.1 chopps
118 1.1 chopps void
119 1.1 chopps flscattach(pdp, dp, auxp)
120 1.1 chopps struct device *pdp;
121 1.1 chopps struct device *dp;
122 1.1 chopps void *auxp;
123 1.1 chopps {
124 1.1 chopps struct flsc_softc *sc;
125 1.1 chopps struct zbus_args *zap;
126 1.1 chopps flsc_regmap_p rp;
127 1.1 chopps vu_char *fas;
128 1.1 chopps
129 1.1 chopps zap = auxp;
130 1.1 chopps fas = &((vu_char *)zap->va)[0x1000001];
131 1.1 chopps
132 1.1 chopps sc = (struct flsc_softc *)dp;
133 1.1 chopps rp = &sc->sc_regmap;
134 1.1 chopps
135 1.1 chopps rp->FAS216.sfas_tc_low = &fas[0x00];
136 1.1 chopps rp->FAS216.sfas_tc_mid = &fas[0x04];
137 1.1 chopps rp->FAS216.sfas_fifo = &fas[0x08];
138 1.1 chopps rp->FAS216.sfas_command = &fas[0x0C];
139 1.1 chopps rp->FAS216.sfas_dest_id = &fas[0x10];
140 1.1 chopps rp->FAS216.sfas_timeout = &fas[0x14];
141 1.1 chopps rp->FAS216.sfas_syncper = &fas[0x18];
142 1.1 chopps rp->FAS216.sfas_syncoff = &fas[0x1C];
143 1.1 chopps rp->FAS216.sfas_config1 = &fas[0x20];
144 1.1 chopps rp->FAS216.sfas_clkconv = &fas[0x24];
145 1.1 chopps rp->FAS216.sfas_test = &fas[0x28];
146 1.1 chopps rp->FAS216.sfas_config2 = &fas[0x2C];
147 1.1 chopps rp->FAS216.sfas_config3 = &fas[0x30];
148 1.1 chopps rp->FAS216.sfas_tc_high = &fas[0x38];
149 1.1 chopps rp->FAS216.sfas_fifo_bot = &fas[0x3C];
150 1.1 chopps rp->hardbits = &fas[0x40];
151 1.1 chopps rp->clear = &fas[0x80];
152 1.1 chopps rp->dmabase = zap->va;
153 1.1 chopps
154 1.1 chopps sc->sc_softc.sc_fas = (sfas_regmap_p)rp;
155 1.1 chopps sc->sc_softc.sc_spec = &sc->sc_specific;
156 1.1 chopps
157 1.1 chopps sc->sc_softc.sc_led = flsc_led;
158 1.1 chopps
159 1.1 chopps sc->sc_softc.sc_setup_dma = flsc_setup_dma;
160 1.1 chopps sc->sc_softc.sc_build_dma_chain = flsc_build_dma_chain;
161 1.1 chopps sc->sc_softc.sc_need_bump = flsc_need_bump;
162 1.1 chopps
163 1.1 chopps sc->sc_softc.sc_clock_freq = 40; /* FastlaneZ3 runs at 40MHz */
164 1.1 chopps sc->sc_softc.sc_timeout = 250; /* Set default timeout to 250ms */
165 1.1 chopps sc->sc_softc.sc_config_flags = 0; /* No config flags yet */
166 1.1 chopps sc->sc_softc.sc_host_id = 7; /* Should check the jumpers */
167 1.1 chopps
168 1.1 chopps sc->sc_specific.portbits = 0xA0 | FLSC_PB_EDI | FLSC_PB_ESI;
169 1.1 chopps sc->sc_specific.hardbits = *rp->hardbits;
170 1.1 chopps
171 1.1 chopps sc->sc_softc.sc_bump_sz = NBPG;
172 1.1 chopps sc->sc_softc.sc_bump_pa = 0x0;
173 1.1 chopps
174 1.1 chopps sfasinitialize((struct sfas_softc *)sc);
175 1.1 chopps
176 1.1 chopps sc->sc_softc.sc_link.adapter_softc = sc;
177 1.1 chopps sc->sc_softc.sc_link.adapter_target = sc->sc_softc.sc_host_id;
178 1.1 chopps sc->sc_softc.sc_link.adapter = &flsc_scsiswitch;
179 1.1 chopps sc->sc_softc.sc_link.device = &flsc_scsidev;
180 1.1 chopps sc->sc_softc.sc_link.openings = 1;
181 1.1 chopps
182 1.1 chopps sc->sc_softc.sc_isr.isr_intr = flsc_intr;
183 1.1 chopps sc->sc_softc.sc_isr.isr_arg = &sc->sc_softc;
184 1.1 chopps sc->sc_softc.sc_isr.isr_ipl = 2;
185 1.1 chopps add_isr(&sc->sc_softc.sc_isr);
186 1.1 chopps
187 1.1 chopps /* We don't want interrupt until we're initialized! */
188 1.1 chopps *rp->hardbits = sc->sc_specific.portbits;
189 1.1 chopps
190 1.1 chopps printf("\n");
191 1.1 chopps
192 1.1 chopps /* attach all scsi units on us */
193 1.1 chopps config_found(dp, &sc->sc_softc.sc_link, flscprint);
194 1.1 chopps }
195 1.1 chopps
196 1.1 chopps /* print diag if pnp is NULL else just extra */
197 1.1 chopps int
198 1.1 chopps flscprint(auxp, pnp)
199 1.1 chopps void *auxp;
200 1.1 chopps char *pnp;
201 1.1 chopps {
202 1.1 chopps if (pnp == NULL)
203 1.1 chopps return(UNCONF);
204 1.1 chopps
205 1.1 chopps return(QUIET);
206 1.1 chopps }
207 1.1 chopps
208 1.1 chopps int
209 1.5 veego flsc_intr(arg)
210 1.5 veego void *arg;
211 1.1 chopps {
212 1.5 veego struct sfas_softc *dev = arg;
213 1.1 chopps flsc_regmap_p rp;
214 1.1 chopps struct flsc_specific *flspec;
215 1.1 chopps int quickints;
216 1.1 chopps u_char hb;
217 1.1 chopps
218 1.1 chopps flspec = dev->sc_spec;
219 1.1 chopps rp = (flsc_regmap_p)dev->sc_fas;
220 1.1 chopps hb = *rp->hardbits;
221 1.1 chopps
222 1.1 chopps if (hb & FLSC_HB_IACT)
223 1.1 chopps return(0);
224 1.1 chopps
225 1.1 chopps flspec->hardbits = hb;
226 1.1 chopps if ((hb & FLSC_HB_CREQ) &&
227 1.1 chopps !(hb & FLSC_HB_MINT) &&
228 1.1 chopps (*rp->FAS216.sfas_status & SFAS_STAT_INTERRUPT_PENDING)) {
229 1.1 chopps quickints = 16;
230 1.1 chopps do {
231 1.1 chopps dev->sc_status = *rp->FAS216.sfas_status;
232 1.1 chopps dev->sc_interrupt = *rp->FAS216.sfas_interrupt;
233 1.1 chopps
234 1.1 chopps if (dev->sc_interrupt & SFAS_INT_RESELECTED) {
235 1.1 chopps dev->sc_resel[0] = *rp->FAS216.sfas_fifo;
236 1.1 chopps dev->sc_resel[1] = *rp->FAS216.sfas_fifo;
237 1.1 chopps }
238 1.1 chopps sfasintr(dev);
239 1.1 chopps
240 1.1 chopps } while((*rp->FAS216.sfas_status & SFAS_STAT_INTERRUPT_PENDING)
241 1.1 chopps && --quickints);
242 1.1 chopps }
243 1.1 chopps
244 1.1 chopps /* Reset fastlane interrupt bits */
245 1.1 chopps *rp->hardbits = flspec->portbits & ~FLSC_PB_INT_BITS;
246 1.1 chopps *rp->hardbits = flspec->portbits;
247 1.1 chopps
248 1.1 chopps return(1);
249 1.1 chopps }
250 1.1 chopps
251 1.1 chopps /* Load transfer adress into dma register */
252 1.1 chopps void
253 1.1 chopps flsc_set_dma_adr(sc, ptr)
254 1.1 chopps struct sfas_softc *sc;
255 1.5 veego vm_offset_t ptr;
256 1.1 chopps {
257 1.1 chopps flsc_regmap_p rp;
258 1.1 chopps unsigned int *p;
259 1.1 chopps unsigned int d;
260 1.1 chopps
261 1.1 chopps rp = (flsc_regmap_p)sc->sc_fas;
262 1.1 chopps
263 1.1 chopps d = (unsigned int)ptr;
264 1.1 chopps p = (unsigned int *)((d & 0xFFFFFF) + (int)rp->dmabase);
265 1.1 chopps
266 1.1 chopps *rp->clear=0;
267 1.1 chopps *p = d;
268 1.1 chopps }
269 1.1 chopps
270 1.1 chopps /* Set DMA transfer counter */
271 1.1 chopps void
272 1.1 chopps flsc_set_dma_tc(sc, len)
273 1.1 chopps struct sfas_softc *sc;
274 1.1 chopps unsigned int len;
275 1.1 chopps {
276 1.1 chopps *sc->sc_fas->sfas_tc_low = len; len >>= 8;
277 1.1 chopps *sc->sc_fas->sfas_tc_mid = len; len >>= 8;
278 1.1 chopps *sc->sc_fas->sfas_tc_high = len;
279 1.1 chopps }
280 1.1 chopps
281 1.1 chopps /* Set DMA mode */
282 1.1 chopps void
283 1.1 chopps flsc_set_dma_mode(sc, mode)
284 1.1 chopps struct sfas_softc *sc;
285 1.1 chopps int mode;
286 1.1 chopps {
287 1.1 chopps struct flsc_specific *spec;
288 1.1 chopps
289 1.1 chopps spec = sc->sc_spec;
290 1.1 chopps
291 1.1 chopps spec->portbits = (spec->portbits & ~FLSC_PB_DMA_BITS) | mode;
292 1.1 chopps *((flsc_regmap_p)sc->sc_fas)->hardbits = spec->portbits;
293 1.1 chopps }
294 1.1 chopps
295 1.1 chopps /* Initialize DMA for transfer */
296 1.1 chopps int
297 1.1 chopps flsc_setup_dma(sc, ptr, len, mode)
298 1.1 chopps struct sfas_softc *sc;
299 1.5 veego vm_offset_t ptr;
300 1.1 chopps int len;
301 1.1 chopps int mode;
302 1.1 chopps {
303 1.1 chopps int retval;
304 1.1 chopps
305 1.1 chopps retval = 0;
306 1.1 chopps
307 1.1 chopps switch(mode) {
308 1.1 chopps case SFAS_DMA_READ:
309 1.1 chopps case SFAS_DMA_WRITE:
310 1.1 chopps flsc_set_dma_adr(sc, ptr);
311 1.1 chopps if (mode == SFAS_DMA_READ)
312 1.1 chopps flsc_set_dma_mode(sc,FLSC_PB_ENABLE_DMA | FLSC_PB_DMA_READ);
313 1.1 chopps else
314 1.1 chopps flsc_set_dma_mode(sc,FLSC_PB_ENABLE_DMA | FLSC_PB_DMA_WRITE);
315 1.1 chopps
316 1.1 chopps flsc_set_dma_tc(sc, len);
317 1.1 chopps break;
318 1.1 chopps
319 1.1 chopps case SFAS_DMA_CLEAR:
320 1.1 chopps default:
321 1.1 chopps flsc_set_dma_mode(sc, FLSC_PB_DISABLE_DMA);
322 1.1 chopps flsc_set_dma_adr(sc, 0);
323 1.1 chopps
324 1.1 chopps retval = (*sc->sc_fas->sfas_tc_high << 16) |
325 1.1 chopps (*sc->sc_fas->sfas_tc_mid << 8) |
326 1.1 chopps *sc->sc_fas->sfas_tc_low;
327 1.1 chopps
328 1.1 chopps flsc_set_dma_tc(sc, 0);
329 1.1 chopps break;
330 1.1 chopps }
331 1.1 chopps
332 1.1 chopps return(retval);
333 1.1 chopps }
334 1.1 chopps
335 1.1 chopps /* Check if address and len is ok for DMA transfer */
336 1.1 chopps int
337 1.1 chopps flsc_need_bump(sc, ptr, len)
338 1.1 chopps struct sfas_softc *sc;
339 1.5 veego vm_offset_t ptr;
340 1.1 chopps int len;
341 1.1 chopps {
342 1.1 chopps int p;
343 1.1 chopps
344 1.1 chopps p = (int)ptr & 0x03;
345 1.1 chopps
346 1.1 chopps if (p) {
347 1.1 chopps p = 4-p;
348 1.1 chopps
349 1.1 chopps if (len < 256)
350 1.1 chopps p = len;
351 1.1 chopps }
352 1.1 chopps
353 1.1 chopps return(p);
354 1.1 chopps }
355 1.1 chopps
356 1.1 chopps /* Interrupt driven routines */
357 1.1 chopps int
358 1.1 chopps flsc_build_dma_chain(sc, chain, p, l)
359 1.1 chopps struct sfas_softc *sc;
360 1.1 chopps struct sfas_dma_chain *chain;
361 1.1 chopps void *p;
362 1.1 chopps int l;
363 1.1 chopps {
364 1.1 chopps vm_offset_t pa, lastpa;
365 1.1 chopps char *ptr;
366 1.5 veego int len, prelen, max_t, n;
367 1.1 chopps
368 1.1 chopps if (l == 0)
369 1.1 chopps return(0);
370 1.1 chopps
371 1.1 chopps #define set_link(n, p, l, f)\
372 1.1 chopps do { chain[n].ptr = (p); chain[n].len = (l); chain[n++].flg = (f); } while(0)
373 1.1 chopps
374 1.1 chopps n = 0;
375 1.1 chopps
376 1.1 chopps if (l < 512)
377 1.1 chopps set_link(n, (vm_offset_t)p, l, SFAS_CHAIN_BUMP);
378 1.1 chopps else if ((p >= (void *)0xFF000000)
379 1.1 chopps #if M68040
380 1.2 chopps && ((mmutype == MMU_68040) && (p >= (void *)0xFFFC0000))
381 1.1 chopps #endif
382 1.1 chopps ) {
383 1.1 chopps while(l != 0) {
384 1.1 chopps len = ((l > sc->sc_bump_sz) ? sc->sc_bump_sz : l);
385 1.1 chopps
386 1.1 chopps set_link(n, (vm_offset_t)p, len, SFAS_CHAIN_BUMP);
387 1.1 chopps
388 1.1 chopps p += len;
389 1.1 chopps l -= len;
390 1.1 chopps }
391 1.1 chopps } else {
392 1.1 chopps ptr = p;
393 1.1 chopps len = l;
394 1.1 chopps
395 1.1 chopps pa = kvtop(ptr);
396 1.1 chopps prelen = ((int)ptr & 0x03);
397 1.1 chopps
398 1.1 chopps if (prelen) {
399 1.1 chopps prelen = 4-prelen;
400 1.1 chopps set_link(n, (vm_offset_t)ptr, prelen, SFAS_CHAIN_BUMP);
401 1.1 chopps ptr += prelen;
402 1.1 chopps len -= prelen;
403 1.1 chopps }
404 1.1 chopps
405 1.1 chopps lastpa = 0;
406 1.1 chopps while(len > 3) {
407 1.1 chopps pa = kvtop(ptr);
408 1.1 chopps max_t = NBPG - (pa & PGOFSET);
409 1.1 chopps if (max_t > len)
410 1.1 chopps max_t = len;
411 1.1 chopps
412 1.1 chopps max_t &= ~3;
413 1.1 chopps
414 1.1 chopps if (lastpa == pa)
415 1.1 chopps sc->sc_chain[n-1].len += max_t;
416 1.1 chopps else
417 1.1 chopps set_link(n, pa, max_t, SFAS_CHAIN_DMA);
418 1.1 chopps
419 1.1 chopps lastpa = pa+max_t;
420 1.1 chopps
421 1.1 chopps ptr += max_t;
422 1.1 chopps len -= max_t;
423 1.1 chopps }
424 1.1 chopps
425 1.1 chopps if (len)
426 1.1 chopps set_link(n, (vm_offset_t)ptr, len, SFAS_CHAIN_BUMP);
427 1.1 chopps }
428 1.1 chopps
429 1.1 chopps return(n);
430 1.1 chopps }
431 1.1 chopps
432 1.1 chopps /* Turn on/off led */
433 1.1 chopps void
434 1.1 chopps flsc_led(sc, mode)
435 1.1 chopps struct sfas_softc *sc;
436 1.1 chopps int mode;
437 1.1 chopps {
438 1.1 chopps struct flsc_specific *spec;
439 1.1 chopps flsc_regmap_p rp;
440 1.1 chopps
441 1.1 chopps spec = sc->sc_spec;
442 1.1 chopps rp = (flsc_regmap_p)sc->sc_fas;
443 1.1 chopps
444 1.1 chopps if (mode) {
445 1.1 chopps sc->sc_led_status++;
446 1.1 chopps
447 1.1 chopps spec->portbits |= FLSC_PB_LED;
448 1.1 chopps *rp->hardbits = spec->portbits;
449 1.1 chopps } else {
450 1.1 chopps if (sc->sc_led_status)
451 1.1 chopps sc->sc_led_status--;
452 1.1 chopps
453 1.1 chopps if (!sc->sc_led_status) {
454 1.1 chopps spec->portbits &= ~FLSC_PB_LED;
455 1.1 chopps *rp->hardbits = spec->portbits;
456 1.1 chopps }
457 1.1 chopps }
458 1.1 chopps }
459