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footbridge_irqhandler.c revision 1.1
      1  1.1  chris /*	$NetBSD: footbridge_irqhandler.c,v 1.1 2001/06/09 10:29:13 chris Exp $	*/
      2  1.1  chris 
      3  1.1  chris /*
      4  1.1  chris  * Copyright (c) 1994-1998 Mark Brinicombe.
      5  1.1  chris  * Copyright (c) 1997 Causality Limited
      6  1.1  chris  * Copyright (c) 1994 Brini.
      7  1.1  chris  * All rights reserved.
      8  1.1  chris  *
      9  1.1  chris  * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
     10  1.1  chris  * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
     11  1.1  chris  * are met:
     12  1.1  chris  * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
     13  1.1  chris  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
     14  1.1  chris  * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
     15  1.1  chris  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
     16  1.1  chris  *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
     17  1.1  chris  * 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
     18  1.1  chris  *    must display the following acknowledgement:
     19  1.1  chris  *	This product includes software developed by Mark Brinicombe
     20  1.1  chris  *	for the NetBSD Project.
     21  1.1  chris  * 4. The name of the company nor the name of the author may be used to
     22  1.1  chris  *    endorse or promote products derived from this software without specific
     23  1.1  chris  *    prior written permission.
     24  1.1  chris  *
     25  1.1  chris  * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED
     26  1.1  chris  * WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
     27  1.1  chris  * MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED.
     28  1.1  chris  * IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT,
     29  1.1  chris  * INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES
     30  1.1  chris  * (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR
     31  1.1  chris  * SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
     32  1.1  chris  * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
     33  1.1  chris  * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
     34  1.1  chris  * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
     35  1.1  chris  * SUCH DAMAGE.
     36  1.1  chris  *
     37  1.1  chris  *	from: iomd_irqhandler.c,v 1.16 $
     38  1.1  chris  */
     39  1.1  chris 
     40  1.1  chris #include "opt_irqstats.h"
     41  1.1  chris 
     42  1.1  chris #include <sys/param.h>
     43  1.1  chris #include <sys/systm.h>
     44  1.1  chris #include <sys/syslog.h>
     45  1.1  chris #include <sys/malloc.h>
     46  1.1  chris #include <uvm/uvm_extern.h>
     47  1.1  chris 
     48  1.1  chris #include <machine/irqhandler.h>
     49  1.1  chris #include <machine/cpu.h>
     50  1.1  chris 
     51  1.1  chris irqhandler_t *irqhandlers[NIRQS];
     52  1.1  chris 
     53  1.1  chris int current_intr_depth;		/* Depth of interrupt nesting */
     54  1.1  chris u_int intr_claimed_mask;	/* Interrupts that are claimed */
     55  1.1  chris u_int intr_disabled_mask;	/* Interrupts that are temporarily disabled */
     56  1.1  chris u_int intr_current_mask;	/* Interrupts currently allowable */
     57  1.1  chris u_int spl_mask;
     58  1.1  chris u_int irqmasks[IPL_LEVELS];
     59  1.1  chris u_int irqblock[NIRQS];
     60  1.1  chris 
     61  1.1  chris extern u_int soft_interrupts;	/* Only so we can initialise it */
     62  1.1  chris 
     63  1.1  chris extern char *_intrnames;
     64  1.1  chris extern void set_spl_masks	__P((void));
     65  1.1  chris 
     66  1.1  chris void
     67  1.1  chris irq_init(void)
     68  1.1  chris {
     69  1.1  chris 	int loop;
     70  1.1  chris 
     71  1.1  chris 	/* Clear all the IRQ handlers and the irq block masks */
     72  1.1  chris 	for (loop = 0; loop < NIRQS; ++loop) {
     73  1.1  chris 		irqhandlers[loop] = NULL;
     74  1.1  chris 		irqblock[loop] = 0;
     75  1.1  chris 	}
     76  1.1  chris 
     77  1.1  chris 	/*
     78  1.1  chris 	 * Setup the irqmasks for the different Interrupt Priority Levels
     79  1.1  chris 	 * We will start with no bits set and these will be updated as handlers
     80  1.1  chris 	 * are installed at different IPL's.
     81  1.1  chris 	 */
     82  1.1  chris 	for (loop = 0; loop < IPL_LEVELS; ++loop)
     83  1.1  chris 		irqmasks[loop] = 0;
     84  1.1  chris 
     85  1.1  chris 	current_intr_depth = 0;
     86  1.1  chris 	intr_claimed_mask = 0x00000000;
     87  1.1  chris 	intr_disabled_mask = 0x00000000;
     88  1.1  chris 	intr_current_mask = 0x00000000;
     89  1.1  chris 	spl_mask = 0x00000000;
     90  1.1  chris 	soft_interrupts = 0x00000000;
     91  1.1  chris 
     92  1.1  chris 	set_spl_masks();
     93  1.1  chris 	irq_setmasks();
     94  1.1  chris 
     95  1.1  chris 	/* Enable IRQ's and FIQ's */
     96  1.1  chris 	enable_interrupts(I32_bit | F32_bit);
     97  1.1  chris }
     98  1.1  chris 
     99  1.1  chris void
    100  1.1  chris stray_irqhandler()
    101  1.1  chris {
    102  1.1  chris 	panic("stray irq\n");
    103  1.1  chris }
    104  1.1  chris 
    105  1.1  chris /*
    106  1.1  chris  * void disable_irq(int irq)
    107  1.1  chris  *
    108  1.1  chris  * Disables a specific irq. The irq is removed from the master irq mask
    109  1.1  chris  *
    110  1.1  chris  * Use of this function outside this file is deprecated.
    111  1.1  chris  */
    112  1.1  chris 
    113  1.1  chris void
    114  1.1  chris disable_irq(irq)
    115  1.1  chris 	int irq;
    116  1.1  chris {
    117  1.1  chris 	int oldirqstate;
    118  1.1  chris 
    119  1.1  chris 	oldirqstate = disable_interrupts(I32_bit);
    120  1.1  chris 	intr_claimed_mask &= ~(1 << irq);
    121  1.1  chris 	intr_current_mask = intr_claimed_mask & ~intr_disabled_mask;
    122  1.1  chris 	irq_setmasks();
    123  1.1  chris 	restore_interrupts(oldirqstate);
    124  1.1  chris }
    125  1.1  chris 
    126  1.1  chris 
    127  1.1  chris /*
    128  1.1  chris  * void enable_irq(int irq)
    129  1.1  chris  *
    130  1.1  chris  * Enables a specific irq. The irq is added to the master irq mask
    131  1.1  chris  * This routine should be used with caution. A handler should already
    132  1.1  chris  * be installed.
    133  1.1  chris  *
    134  1.1  chris  * Use of this function outside this file is deprecated.
    135  1.1  chris  */
    136  1.1  chris 
    137  1.1  chris void
    138  1.1  chris enable_irq(irq)
    139  1.1  chris 	int irq;
    140  1.1  chris {
    141  1.1  chris 	u_int oldirqstate;
    142  1.1  chris 
    143  1.1  chris 	oldirqstate = disable_interrupts(I32_bit);
    144  1.1  chris 	intr_claimed_mask |= (1 << irq);
    145  1.1  chris 	intr_current_mask = intr_claimed_mask & ~intr_disabled_mask;
    146  1.1  chris 	irq_setmasks();
    147  1.1  chris 	restore_interrupts(oldirqstate);
    148  1.1  chris }
    149  1.1  chris 
    150  1.1  chris /*
    151  1.1  chris  * int irq_claim(int irq, irqhandler_t *handler)
    152  1.1  chris  *
    153  1.1  chris  * Enable an IRQ and install a handler for it.
    154  1.1  chris  */
    155  1.1  chris 
    156  1.1  chris int
    157  1.1  chris irq_claim(irq, handler)
    158  1.1  chris 	int irq;
    159  1.1  chris 	irqhandler_t *handler;
    160  1.1  chris {
    161  1.1  chris 	int level;
    162  1.1  chris 	int loop;
    163  1.1  chris 
    164  1.1  chris #ifdef DIAGNOSTIC
    165  1.1  chris 	/* Sanity check */
    166  1.1  chris 	if (handler == NULL)
    167  1.1  chris 		panic("NULL interrupt handler\n");
    168  1.1  chris 	if (handler->ih_func == NULL)
    169  1.1  chris 		panic("Interrupt handler does not have a function\n");
    170  1.1  chris #endif	/* DIAGNOSTIC */
    171  1.1  chris 
    172  1.1  chris 	/*
    173  1.1  chris 	 * IRQ_INSTRUCT indicates that we should get the irq number
    174  1.1  chris 	 * from the irq structure
    175  1.1  chris 	 */
    176  1.1  chris 	if (irq == IRQ_INSTRUCT)
    177  1.1  chris 		irq = handler->ih_num;
    178  1.1  chris 
    179  1.1  chris 	/* Make sure the irq number is valid */
    180  1.1  chris 	if (irq < 0 || irq >= NIRQS)
    181  1.1  chris 		return(-1);
    182  1.1  chris 
    183  1.1  chris 	/* Make sure the level is valid */
    184  1.1  chris 	if (handler->ih_level < 0 || handler->ih_level >= IPL_LEVELS)
    185  1.1  chris     	        return(-1);
    186  1.1  chris 
    187  1.1  chris 	/* Attach handler at top of chain */
    188  1.1  chris 	handler->ih_next = irqhandlers[irq];
    189  1.1  chris 	irqhandlers[irq] = handler;
    190  1.1  chris 
    191  1.1  chris 	/*
    192  1.1  chris 	 * Reset the flags for this handler.
    193  1.1  chris 	 * As the handler is now in the chain mark it as active.
    194  1.1  chris 	 */
    195  1.1  chris 	handler->ih_flags = 0 | IRQ_FLAG_ACTIVE;
    196  1.1  chris 
    197  1.1  chris 	/*
    198  1.1  chris 	 * Record the interrupt number for accounting.
    199  1.1  chris 	 * Done here as the accounting number may not be the same as the IRQ number
    200  1.1  chris 	 * though for the moment they are
    201  1.1  chris 	 */
    202  1.1  chris 	handler->ih_num = irq;
    203  1.1  chris 
    204  1.1  chris #ifdef IRQSTATS
    205  1.1  chris 	/* Get the interrupt name from the head of the list */
    206  1.1  chris 	if (handler->ih_name) {
    207  1.1  chris 		char *ptr = _intrnames + (irq * 14);
    208  1.1  chris 		strcpy(ptr, "             ");
    209  1.1  chris 		strncpy(ptr, handler->ih_name,
    210  1.1  chris 		    min(strlen(handler->ih_name), 13));
    211  1.1  chris 	} else {
    212  1.1  chris 		char *ptr = _intrnames + (irq * 14);
    213  1.1  chris 		sprintf(ptr, "irq %2d     ", irq);
    214  1.1  chris 	}
    215  1.1  chris #endif	/* IRQSTATS */
    216  1.1  chris 
    217  1.1  chris 	/*
    218  1.1  chris 	 * Update the irq masks.
    219  1.1  chris 	 * If ih_level is out of range then don't bother to update
    220  1.1  chris 	 * the masks.
    221  1.1  chris 	 */
    222  1.1  chris 	if (handler->ih_level >= 0 && handler->ih_level < IPL_LEVELS) {
    223  1.1  chris 		irqhandler_t *ptr;
    224  1.1  chris 
    225  1.1  chris 		/*
    226  1.1  chris 		 * Find the lowest interrupt priority on the irq chain.
    227  1.1  chris 		 * Interrupt is allowable at priorities lower than this.
    228  1.1  chris 		 */
    229  1.1  chris 		ptr = irqhandlers[irq];
    230  1.1  chris 		if (ptr) {
    231  1.1  chris 			level = ptr->ih_level - 1;
    232  1.1  chris 			while (ptr) {
    233  1.1  chris 				if (ptr->ih_level - 1 < level)
    234  1.1  chris 					level = ptr->ih_level - 1;
    235  1.1  chris 				ptr = ptr->ih_next;
    236  1.1  chris 			}
    237  1.1  chris 			for (loop = 0; loop < IPL_LEVELS; ++loop) {
    238  1.1  chris 				if (level >= loop)
    239  1.1  chris 					irqmasks[loop] |= (1 << irq);
    240  1.1  chris 				else
    241  1.1  chris 					irqmasks[loop] &= ~(1 << irq);
    242  1.1  chris 			}
    243  1.1  chris 		}
    244  1.1  chris 
    245  1.1  chris #include "sl.h"
    246  1.1  chris #include "ppp.h"
    247  1.1  chris #if NSL > 0 || NPPP > 0
    248  1.1  chris 		/* In the presence of SLIP or PPP, splimp > spltty. */
    249  1.1  chris 		irqmasks[IPL_NET] &= irqmasks[IPL_TTY];
    250  1.1  chris #endif
    251  1.1  chris 	}
    252  1.1  chris 
    253  1.1  chris 	/*
    254  1.1  chris 	 * We now need to update the irqblock array. This array indicates
    255  1.1  chris 	 * what other interrupts should be blocked when interrupt is asserted
    256  1.1  chris 	 * This basically emulates hardware interrupt priorities e.g. by blocking
    257  1.1  chris 	 * all other IPL_BIO interrupts with an IPL_BIO interrupt is asserted.
    258  1.1  chris 	 * For each interrupt we find the highest IPL and set the block mask to
    259  1.1  chris 	 * the interrupt mask for that level.
    260  1.1  chris 	 */
    261  1.1  chris 	for (loop = 0; loop < NIRQS; ++loop) {
    262  1.1  chris 		irqhandler_t *ptr;
    263  1.1  chris 
    264  1.1  chris 		ptr = irqhandlers[loop];
    265  1.1  chris 		if (ptr) {
    266  1.1  chris 			/* There is at least 1 handler so scan the chain */
    267  1.1  chris  			level = ptr->ih_level;
    268  1.1  chris 			while (ptr) {
    269  1.1  chris 				if (ptr->ih_level > level)
    270  1.1  chris 					level = ptr->ih_level;
    271  1.1  chris 				ptr = ptr->ih_next;
    272  1.1  chris 			}
    273  1.1  chris 			irqblock[loop] = ~irqmasks[level];
    274  1.1  chris 		} else
    275  1.1  chris 			/* No handlers for this irq so nothing to block */
    276  1.1  chris 			irqblock[loop] = 0;
    277  1.1  chris 	}
    278  1.1  chris 
    279  1.1  chris 	enable_irq(irq);
    280  1.1  chris 	set_spl_masks();
    281  1.1  chris 
    282  1.1  chris 	return(0);
    283  1.1  chris }
    284  1.1  chris 
    285  1.1  chris 
    286  1.1  chris /*
    287  1.1  chris  * int irq_release(int irq, irqhandler_t *handler)
    288  1.1  chris  *
    289  1.1  chris  * Disable an IRQ and remove a handler for it.
    290  1.1  chris  */
    291  1.1  chris 
    292  1.1  chris int
    293  1.1  chris irq_release(irq, handler)
    294  1.1  chris 	int irq;
    295  1.1  chris 	irqhandler_t *handler;
    296  1.1  chris {
    297  1.1  chris 	int level;
    298  1.1  chris 	int loop;
    299  1.1  chris 	irqhandler_t *irqhand;
    300  1.1  chris 	irqhandler_t **prehand;
    301  1.1  chris #ifdef IRQSTATS
    302  1.1  chris 	extern char *_intrnames;
    303  1.1  chris #endif	/* IRQSTATS */
    304  1.1  chris 	/*
    305  1.1  chris 	 * IRQ_INSTRUCT indicates that we should get the irq number
    306  1.1  chris 	 * from the irq structure
    307  1.1  chris 	 */
    308  1.1  chris 	if (irq == IRQ_INSTRUCT)
    309  1.1  chris 		irq = handler->ih_num;
    310  1.1  chris 
    311  1.1  chris 	/* Make sure the irq number is valid */
    312  1.1  chris 	if (irq < 0 || irq >= NIRQS)
    313  1.1  chris 		return(-1);
    314  1.1  chris 
    315  1.1  chris 	/* Locate the handler */
    316  1.1  chris 	irqhand = irqhandlers[irq];
    317  1.1  chris 	prehand = &irqhandlers[irq];
    318  1.1  chris 
    319  1.1  chris 	while (irqhand && handler != irqhand) {
    320  1.1  chris 		prehand = &irqhand->ih_next;
    321  1.1  chris 		irqhand = irqhand->ih_next;
    322  1.1  chris 	}
    323  1.1  chris 
    324  1.1  chris 	/* Remove the handler if located */
    325  1.1  chris 	if (irqhand)
    326  1.1  chris 		*prehand = irqhand->ih_next;
    327  1.1  chris 	else
    328  1.1  chris 		return(-1);
    329  1.1  chris 
    330  1.1  chris 	/* Now the handler has been removed from the chain mark is as inactive */
    331  1.1  chris 	irqhand->ih_flags &= ~IRQ_FLAG_ACTIVE;
    332  1.1  chris 
    333  1.1  chris 	/* Make sure the head of the handler list is active */
    334  1.1  chris 	if (irqhandlers[irq])
    335  1.1  chris 		irqhandlers[irq]->ih_flags |= IRQ_FLAG_ACTIVE;
    336  1.1  chris 
    337  1.1  chris #ifdef IRQSTATS
    338  1.1  chris 	/* Get the interrupt name from the head of the list */
    339  1.1  chris 	if (irqhandlers[irq] && irqhandlers[irq]->ih_name) {
    340  1.1  chris 		char *ptr = _intrnames + (irq * 14);
    341  1.1  chris 		strcpy(ptr, "             ");
    342  1.1  chris 		strncpy(ptr, irqhandlers[irq]->ih_name,
    343  1.1  chris 		    min(strlen(irqhandlers[irq]->ih_name), 13));
    344  1.1  chris 	} else {
    345  1.1  chris 		char *ptr = _intrnames + (irq * 14);
    346  1.1  chris 		sprintf(ptr, "irq %2d     ", irq);
    347  1.1  chris 	}
    348  1.1  chris #endif	/* IRQSTATS */
    349  1.1  chris 
    350  1.1  chris 	/*
    351  1.1  chris 	 * Update the irq masks.
    352  1.1  chris 	 * If ih_level is out of range then don't bother to update
    353  1.1  chris 	 * the masks.
    354  1.1  chris 	 */
    355  1.1  chris 	if (handler->ih_level >= 0 && handler->ih_level < IPL_LEVELS) {
    356  1.1  chris 		irqhandler_t *ptr;
    357  1.1  chris 
    358  1.1  chris 		/*
    359  1.1  chris 		 * Find the lowest interrupt priority on the irq chain.
    360  1.1  chris 		 * Interrupt is allowable at priorities lower than this.
    361  1.1  chris 		 */
    362  1.1  chris 		ptr = irqhandlers[irq];
    363  1.1  chris 		if (ptr) {
    364  1.1  chris 			level = ptr->ih_level - 1;
    365  1.1  chris 			while (ptr) {
    366  1.1  chris 				if (ptr->ih_level - 1 < level)
    367  1.1  chris 					level = ptr->ih_level - 1;
    368  1.1  chris 				ptr = ptr->ih_next;
    369  1.1  chris 			}
    370  1.1  chris 			for (loop = 0; loop < IPL_LEVELS; ++loop) {
    371  1.1  chris 				if (level >= loop)
    372  1.1  chris 					irqmasks[loop] |= (1 << irq);
    373  1.1  chris 				else
    374  1.1  chris 					irqmasks[loop] &= ~(1 << irq);
    375  1.1  chris 			}
    376  1.1  chris 		}
    377  1.1  chris 	}
    378  1.1  chris 
    379  1.1  chris 	/*
    380  1.1  chris 	 * We now need to update the irqblock array. This array indicates
    381  1.1  chris 	 * what other interrupts should be blocked when interrupt is asserted
    382  1.1  chris 	 * This basically emulates hardware interrupt priorities e.g. by
    383  1.1  chris 	 * blocking all other IPL_BIO interrupts with an IPL_BIO interrupt
    384  1.1  chris 	 * is asserted. For each interrupt we find the highest IPL and set
    385  1.1  chris 	 * the block mask to the interrupt mask for that level.
    386  1.1  chris 	 */
    387  1.1  chris 	for (loop = 0; loop < NIRQS; ++loop) {
    388  1.1  chris 		irqhandler_t *ptr;
    389  1.1  chris 
    390  1.1  chris 		ptr = irqhandlers[loop];
    391  1.1  chris 		if (ptr) {
    392  1.1  chris 			/* There is at least 1 handler so scan the chain */
    393  1.1  chris 			level = ptr->ih_level;
    394  1.1  chris 			while (ptr) {
    395  1.1  chris 				if (ptr->ih_level > level)
    396  1.1  chris 					level = ptr->ih_level;
    397  1.1  chris 				ptr = ptr->ih_next;
    398  1.1  chris 			}
    399  1.1  chris 			irqblock[loop] = ~irqmasks[level];
    400  1.1  chris 		} else
    401  1.1  chris 			/* No handlers for this irq so nothing to block */
    402  1.1  chris 			irqblock[loop] = 0;
    403  1.1  chris 	}
    404  1.1  chris 
    405  1.1  chris 	/*
    406  1.1  chris 	 * Disable the appropriate mask bit if there are no handlers left for
    407  1.1  chris 	 * this IRQ.
    408  1.1  chris 	 */
    409  1.1  chris 	if (irqhandlers[irq] == NULL)
    410  1.1  chris 		disable_irq(irq);
    411  1.1  chris 
    412  1.1  chris 	set_spl_masks();
    413  1.1  chris 
    414  1.1  chris 	return(0);
    415  1.1  chris }
    416  1.1  chris 
    417  1.1  chris 
    418  1.1  chris void *
    419  1.1  chris intr_claim(irq, level, name, ih_func, ih_arg)
    420  1.1  chris 	int irq;
    421  1.1  chris 	int level;
    422  1.1  chris 	const char *name;
    423  1.1  chris 	int (*ih_func) __P((void *));
    424  1.1  chris 	void *ih_arg;
    425  1.1  chris {
    426  1.1  chris 	irqhandler_t *ih;
    427  1.1  chris 
    428  1.1  chris 	ih = malloc(sizeof(*ih), M_DEVBUF, M_NOWAIT);
    429  1.1  chris 	if (!ih)
    430  1.1  chris 		panic("intr_claim(): Cannot malloc handler memory\n");
    431  1.1  chris 
    432  1.1  chris 	ih->ih_level = level;
    433  1.1  chris 	ih->ih_name = name;
    434  1.1  chris 	ih->ih_func = ih_func;
    435  1.1  chris 	ih->ih_arg = ih_arg;
    436  1.1  chris 	ih->ih_flags = 0;
    437  1.1  chris 
    438  1.1  chris 	if (irq_claim(irq, ih) != 0)
    439  1.1  chris 		return(NULL);
    440  1.1  chris 	return(ih);
    441  1.1  chris }
    442  1.1  chris 
    443  1.1  chris 
    444  1.1  chris int
    445  1.1  chris intr_release(arg)
    446  1.1  chris 	void *arg;
    447  1.1  chris {
    448  1.1  chris 	irqhandler_t *ih = (irqhandler_t *)arg;
    449  1.1  chris 
    450  1.1  chris 	if (irq_release(ih->ih_num, ih) == 0) {
    451  1.1  chris 		free(ih, M_DEVBUF);
    452  1.1  chris 		return(0);
    453  1.1  chris 	}
    454  1.1  chris 	return(1);
    455  1.1  chris }
    456