xref: /src/sys/dev/acpi/acpi_power.c

/* $NetBSD: acpi_power.c,v 1.5 2010/04/23 19:00:58 jruoho Exp $ */

/*-
 * Copyright (c) 2009, 2010 The NetBSD Foundation, Inc.
 * All rights reserved.
 *
 * This code is derived from software contributed to The NetBSD Foundation
 * by Jukka Ruohonen.
 *
 * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
 * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
 * are met:
 * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
 *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
 * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
 *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
 *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
 *
 * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE NETBSD FOUNDATION, INC. AND CONTRIBUTORS
 * ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED
 * TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR
 * PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE FOUNDATION OR CONTRIBUTORS
 * BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR
 * CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF
 * SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS
 * INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN
 * CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE)
 * ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
 * POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
 */

/*-
 * Copyright (c) 2001 Michael Smith
 * All rights reserved.
 *
 * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
 * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
 * are met:
 * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
 *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
 * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
 *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
 *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
 *
 * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
 * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
 * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
 * ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
 * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
 * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
 * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
 * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
 * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
 * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
 * SUCH DAMAGE.
 */

#include <sys/cdefs.h>
__KERNEL_RCSID(0, "$NetBSD: acpi_power.c,v 1.5 2010/04/23 19:00:58 jruoho Exp $");

#include <sys/param.h>
#include <sys/kmem.h>
#include <sys/mutex.h>
#include <sys/sysctl.h>

#include <dev/acpi/acpireg.h>
#include <dev/acpi/acpivar.h>
#include <dev/acpi/acpi_power.h>

#define _COMPONENT			ACPI_BUS_COMPONENT
ACPI_MODULE_NAME			("acpi_power")

/*
 * References.
 */
struct acpi_power_ref {
	ACPI_HANDLE			ref_handle;

	SIMPLEQ_ENTRY(acpi_power_ref)	ref_list;
};

/*
 * Resources.
 */
struct acpi_power_res {
	ACPI_HANDLE			res_handle;
	ACPI_INTEGER			res_level;
	ACPI_INTEGER			res_order;
	char				res_name[5];
	kmutex_t			res_mutex;

	TAILQ_ENTRY(acpi_power_res)	res_list;
	SIMPLEQ_HEAD(, acpi_power_ref)	ref_head;
};

static TAILQ_HEAD(, acpi_power_res) res_head =
	TAILQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER(res_head);

static const struct sysctlnode	*anode = NULL;

static struct acpi_power_res	*acpi_power_res_init(ACPI_HANDLE);
static struct acpi_power_res	*acpi_power_res_get(ACPI_HANDLE);

#if 0
static ACPI_STATUS	 acpi_power_get_direct(struct acpi_devnode *);
#endif

static ACPI_STATUS	 acpi_power_get_indirect(struct acpi_devnode *);
static ACPI_STATUS	 acpi_power_switch(struct acpi_devnode *,
						   int, bool);
static ACPI_STATUS	 acpi_power_res_on(ACPI_OBJECT *, void *);
static ACPI_STATUS	 acpi_power_res_off(ACPI_OBJECT *, void *);
static ACPI_STATUS	 acpi_power_res_ref(struct acpi_power_res *,
					    ACPI_HANDLE);
static ACPI_STATUS	 acpi_power_res_deref(struct acpi_power_res *,
					      ACPI_HANDLE);
static ACPI_STATUS	 acpi_power_res_sta(ACPI_OBJECT *, void *);

static ACPI_OBJECT	*acpi_power_pkg_get(ACPI_HANDLE, int);
static int		 acpi_power_sysctl(SYSCTLFN_ARGS);
static const char	*acpi_xname(ACPI_HANDLE);

void
acpi_power_res_add(struct acpi_devnode *ad)
{
	struct acpi_power_res *res;

	KASSERT(ad != NULL && ad->ad_root != NULL);
	KASSERT(ad->ad_devinfo->Type == ACPI_TYPE_POWER);

	res = acpi_power_res_init(ad->ad_handle);

	if (res == NULL)
		aprint_error_dev(ad->ad_root, "failed to "
		    "add power resource %s\n", ad->ad_name);
}

static struct acpi_power_res *
acpi_power_res_init(ACPI_HANDLE hdl)
{
	struct acpi_power_res *tmp = NULL;
	struct acpi_power_res *res = NULL;
	ACPI_OBJECT *obj;
	ACPI_BUFFER buf;
	ACPI_STATUS rv;

	rv = acpi_eval_struct(hdl, NULL, &buf);

	if (ACPI_FAILURE(rv))
		goto out;

	obj = buf.Pointer;

	if (obj->Type != ACPI_TYPE_POWER) {
		rv = AE_TYPE;
		goto out;
	}

	res = kmem_zalloc(sizeof(*res), KM_SLEEP);

	if (res == NULL) {
		rv = AE_NO_MEMORY;
		goto out;
	}

	res->res_handle = hdl;
	res->res_level = obj->PowerResource.SystemLevel;
	res->res_order = obj->PowerResource.ResourceOrder;

	(void)strlcpy(res->res_name,
	    acpi_xname(hdl), sizeof(res->res_name));

	SIMPLEQ_INIT(&res->ref_head);
	mutex_init(&res->res_mutex, MUTEX_DEFAULT, IPL_NONE);

	/*
	 * Power resources should be ordered.
	 *
	 * These *should* be enabled from low values to high
	 * values and disabled from high values to low values.
	 */
	TAILQ_FOREACH(tmp, &res_head, res_list) {

		if (res->res_order < tmp->res_order) {
			TAILQ_INSERT_BEFORE(tmp, res, res_list);
			break;
		}
	}

	if (tmp == NULL)
		TAILQ_INSERT_TAIL(&res_head, res, res_list);

out:
	if (buf.Pointer != NULL)
		ACPI_FREE(buf.Pointer);

	return res;
}

static struct acpi_power_res *
acpi_power_res_get(ACPI_HANDLE hdl)
{
	struct acpi_power_res *res;

	TAILQ_FOREACH(res, &res_head, res_list) {

		if (res->res_handle == hdl)
			return res;
	}

	return acpi_power_res_init(hdl);
}

bool
acpi_power_register(struct acpi_devnode *ad)
{

	KASSERT(ad != NULL && ad->ad_root != NULL);

	if ((ad->ad_flags & ACPI_DEVICE_POWER) == 0)
		return false;

	return true;
}

void
acpi_power_deregister(struct acpi_devnode *ad)
{
	struct acpi_power_res *res;

	KASSERT(ad != NULL && ad->ad_root != NULL);

	if ((ad->ad_flags & ACPI_DEVICE_POWER) == 0)
		return;

	/*
	 * Remove all references in each resource.
	 */
	TAILQ_FOREACH(res, &res_head, res_list)
	    (void)acpi_power_res_deref(res, ad->ad_handle);
}

/*
 * Get the D-state of an ACPI device node.
 */
bool
acpi_power_get(struct acpi_devnode *ad, int *state)
{
	ACPI_STATUS rv;

	if ((ad->ad_flags & ACPI_DEVICE_POWER) == 0) {
		rv = AE_SUPPORT;
		goto fail;
	}

	rv = acpi_power_get_indirect(ad);

	if (ACPI_FAILURE(rv))
		goto fail;

	KASSERT(ad->ad_state != ACPI_STATE_ERROR);

	if (ad->ad_state < ACPI_STATE_D0 || ad->ad_state > ACPI_STATE_D3) {
		rv = AE_BAD_VALUE;
		goto fail;
	}

	if (state != NULL)
		*state = ad->ad_state;

	return true;

fail:
	ad->ad_state = ACPI_STATE_ERROR;

	if (state != NULL)
		*state = ad->ad_state;

	aprint_error_dev(ad->ad_root, "failed to get power state "
	    "for %s: %s\n", ad->ad_name, AcpiFormatException(rv));

	return false;
}

#if 0
/*
 * Unfortunately, comparable to _STA, there are systems
 * where the convenient _PSC is implemented incorrectly.
 */
static ACPI_STATUS
acpi_power_get_direct(struct acpi_devnode *ad)
{
	ACPI_INTEGER val = 0;
	ACPI_STATUS rv;

	rv = acpi_eval_integer(ad->ad_handle, "_PSC", &val);

	KDASSERT((uint64_t)val < INT_MAX);

	ad->ad_state = (int)val;

	return rv;
}
#endif

static ACPI_STATUS
acpi_power_get_indirect(struct acpi_devnode *ad)
{
	ACPI_OBJECT *pkg;
	ACPI_STATUS rv;
	int i;

	CTASSERT(ACPI_STATE_D0 == 0 && ACPI_STATE_D1 == 1);
	CTASSERT(ACPI_STATE_D2 == 2 && ACPI_STATE_D3 == 3);

	/*
	 * The device is in a given D-state if all resources are on.
	 * To derive this, evaluate all elements in each _PRx package
	 * (x = 0 ... 3) and break if the noted condition becomes true.
	 */
	for (ad->ad_state = ACPI_STATE_D3, i = 0; i < ACPI_STATE_D3; i++) {

		pkg = acpi_power_pkg_get(ad->ad_handle, i);

		if (pkg == NULL)
			continue;

		/*
		 * For each element in the _PRx package, evaluate _STA
		 * and return AE_OK only if all power resources are on.
		 */
		rv = acpi_foreach_package_object(pkg, acpi_power_res_sta, ad);

		if (ACPI_FAILURE(rv) && rv != AE_CTRL_TERMINATE)
			goto out;

		if (ACPI_SUCCESS(rv)) {
			ad->ad_state = i;
			goto out;
		}

		ACPI_FREE(pkg); pkg = NULL;
	}

	KASSERT(ad->ad_state == ACPI_STATE_D3);

	return AE_OK;

out:
	ACPI_FREE(pkg);

	return rv;
}

/*
 * Set the D-state of an ACPI device node.
 */
bool
acpi_power_set(struct acpi_devnode *ad, int state)
{
	ACPI_STATUS rv;
	char path[5];
	int old;

	KASSERT(ad != NULL && ad->ad_root != NULL);

	if (state < ACPI_STATE_D0 || state > ACPI_STATE_D3) {
		rv = AE_BAD_PARAMETER;
		goto fail;
	}

	if ((ad->ad_flags & ACPI_DEVICE_POWER) == 0) {
		rv = AE_SUPPORT;
		goto fail;
	}

	if (acpi_power_get(ad, &old) != true) {
		rv = AE_NOT_FOUND;
		goto fail;
	}

	KASSERT(ad->ad_state == old);
	KASSERT(ad->ad_state != ACPI_STATE_ERROR);

	if (ad->ad_state == state) {
		rv = AE_ALREADY_EXISTS;
		goto fail;
	}

	/*
	 * It is only possible to go to D0 ("on") from D3 ("off").
	 */
	if (ad->ad_state == ACPI_STATE_D3 && state != ACPI_STATE_D0) {
		rv = AE_BAD_PARAMETER;
		goto fail;
	}

	/*
	 * We first sweep through the resources required
	 * for the target state, turning things on and
	 * building references. After this we dereference
	 * the resources required for the current state,
	 * turning the resources off as we go.
	 */
	rv = acpi_power_switch(ad, state, true);

	if (ACPI_FAILURE(rv))
		goto fail;

	rv = acpi_power_switch(ad, ad->ad_state, false);

	if (ACPI_FAILURE(rv))
		goto fail;

	ad->ad_state = state;

	/*
	 * Last but not least, invoke the power
	 * state switch method, if available.
	 */
	(void)snprintf(path, sizeof(path), "_PS%d", state);
	(void)AcpiEvaluateObject(ad->ad_handle, path, NULL, NULL);

	aprint_debug_dev(ad->ad_root, "%s turned from "
	    "D%d to D%d\n", ad->ad_name, old, state);

	return true;

fail:
	ad->ad_state = ACPI_STATE_ERROR;

	aprint_error_dev(ad->ad_root, "failed to set power state to D%d "
	    "for %s: %s\n", state, ad->ad_name, AcpiFormatException(rv));

	return false;
}

/*
 * Set the D-state of an ACPI device node from a handle.
 */
bool
acpi_power_set_from_handle(ACPI_HANDLE hdl, int state)
{
	struct acpi_softc *sc = acpi_softc; /* XXX. */
	struct acpi_devnode *ad;

	if (sc == NULL)
		return false;

	SIMPLEQ_FOREACH(ad, &sc->ad_head, ad_list) {

		if (ad->ad_handle == hdl)
			return acpi_power_set(ad, state);
	}

	aprint_error_dev(sc->sc_dev, "%s: failed to "
	    "find node %s\n", __func__, acpi_xname(hdl));

	return false;
}

static ACPI_STATUS
acpi_power_switch(struct acpi_devnode *ad, int state, bool on)
{
	ACPI_OBJECT *pkg;
	ACPI_STATUS rv;

	pkg = acpi_power_pkg_get(ad->ad_handle, state);

	if (pkg == NULL)
		return AE_NOT_EXIST;

	if (on != false)
		rv = acpi_foreach_package_object(pkg, acpi_power_res_on, ad);
	else
		rv = acpi_foreach_package_object(pkg, acpi_power_res_off, ad);

	ACPI_FREE(pkg);

	return rv;
}

static ACPI_STATUS
acpi_power_res_on(ACPI_OBJECT *elm, void *arg)
{
	struct acpi_devnode *ad = arg;
	struct acpi_power_res *res;
	ACPI_HANDLE hdl;
	ACPI_STATUS rv;

	/*
	 * For each element in the _PRx package, first
	 * fetch the reference handle and then search
	 * for this handle from the power resource list.
	 */
	rv = acpi_eval_reference_handle(elm, &hdl);

	if (ACPI_FAILURE(rv))
		return rv;

	res = acpi_power_res_get(hdl);

	if (res == NULL)
		return AE_NOT_FOUND;

	/*
	 * Reference the resource.
	 */
	rv = acpi_power_res_ref(res, ad->ad_handle);

	if (ACPI_FAILURE(rv))
		return rv;

	/*
	 * Turn the resource on.
	 */
	return AcpiEvaluateObject(res->res_handle, "_ON", NULL, NULL);
}

static ACPI_STATUS
acpi_power_res_off(ACPI_OBJECT *elm, void *arg)
{
	struct acpi_devnode *ad = arg;
	struct acpi_power_res *res;
	ACPI_HANDLE hdl;
	ACPI_STATUS rv;

	rv = acpi_eval_reference_handle(elm, &hdl);

	if (ACPI_FAILURE(rv))
		return rv;

	res = acpi_power_res_get(hdl);

	if (res == NULL)
		return AE_NOT_FOUND;

	rv = acpi_power_res_deref(res, ad->ad_handle);

	if (ACPI_FAILURE(rv))
		return rv;

	return AcpiEvaluateObject(res->res_handle, "_OFF", NULL, NULL);
}

static ACPI_STATUS
acpi_power_res_ref(struct acpi_power_res *res, ACPI_HANDLE hdl)
{
	struct acpi_power_ref *ref, *tmp;

	ref = kmem_zalloc(sizeof(*ref), KM_SLEEP);

	if (ref == NULL)
		return AE_NO_MEMORY;

	mutex_enter(&res->res_mutex);

	SIMPLEQ_FOREACH(tmp, &res->ref_head, ref_list) {

		if (tmp->ref_handle == hdl)
			goto out;
	}

	ref->ref_handle = hdl;
	SIMPLEQ_INSERT_TAIL(&res->ref_head, ref, ref_list);
	mutex_exit(&res->res_mutex);

	ACPI_DEBUG_PRINT((ACPI_DB_INFO, "%s: %s referenced "
		"by %s?\n", __func__, res->res_name, acpi_xname(hdl)));

	return AE_OK;

out:
	mutex_exit(&res->res_mutex);
	kmem_free(ref, sizeof(*ref));

	ACPI_DEBUG_PRINT((ACPI_DB_INFO, "%s: %s already referenced "
		"by %s?\n", __func__, res->res_name, acpi_xname(hdl)));

	return AE_OK;
}

static ACPI_STATUS
acpi_power_res_deref(struct acpi_power_res *res, ACPI_HANDLE hdl)
{
	struct acpi_power_ref *ref;

	mutex_enter(&res->res_mutex);

	if (SIMPLEQ_EMPTY(&res->ref_head) != 0) {
		mutex_exit(&res->res_mutex);
		return AE_OK;
	}

	SIMPLEQ_FOREACH(ref, &res->ref_head, ref_list) {

		if (ref->ref_handle == hdl) {
			SIMPLEQ_REMOVE(&res->ref_head,
			    ref, acpi_power_ref, ref_list);
			mutex_exit(&res->res_mutex);
			kmem_free(ref, sizeof(*ref));
			mutex_enter(&res->res_mutex);
			break;
		}
	}

	/*
	 * If the queue remains non-empty,
	 * something else is using the resource
	 * and hence it can not be turned off.
	 */
	if (SIMPLEQ_EMPTY(&res->ref_head) == 0) {
		mutex_exit(&res->res_mutex);
		return AE_ABORT_METHOD;
	}

	mutex_exit(&res->res_mutex);

	ACPI_DEBUG_PRINT((ACPI_DB_INFO, "%s: %s dereferenced "
		"by %s?\n", __func__, res->res_name, acpi_xname(hdl)));

	return AE_OK;
}

static ACPI_STATUS
acpi_power_res_sta(ACPI_OBJECT *elm, void *arg)
{
	ACPI_INTEGER val;
	ACPI_HANDLE hdl;
	ACPI_STATUS rv;

	rv = acpi_eval_reference_handle(elm, &hdl);

	if (ACPI_FAILURE(rv))
		goto fail;

	rv = acpi_eval_integer(hdl, "_STA", &val);

	if (ACPI_FAILURE(rv))
		goto fail;

	KDASSERT((uint64_t)val < INT_MAX);

	if ((int)val != ACPI_STA_POW_ON && (int)val != ACPI_STA_POW_OFF)
		return AE_BAD_VALUE;

	if ((int)val != ACPI_STA_POW_ON)
		return AE_CTRL_TERMINATE; /* XXX: Not an error. */

	return AE_OK;

fail:
	if (rv == AE_CTRL_TERMINATE)
		rv = AE_ERROR;

	ACPI_DEBUG_PRINT((ACPI_DB_DEBUG_OBJECT, "%s: failed to "
		"evaluate _STA for %s: %s\n", __func__,
		acpi_xname(hdl), AcpiFormatException(rv)));

	return rv;
}

static ACPI_OBJECT *
acpi_power_pkg_get(ACPI_HANDLE hdl, int state)
{
	char path[5] = "_PR?";
	ACPI_OBJECT *obj;
	ACPI_BUFFER buf;
	ACPI_STATUS rv;

	path[3] = '0' + state;

	rv = acpi_eval_struct(hdl, path, &buf);

	if (ACPI_FAILURE(rv))
		goto fail;

	if (buf.Length == 0) {
		rv = AE_LIMIT;
		goto fail;
	}

	obj = buf.Pointer;

	if (obj->Type != ACPI_TYPE_PACKAGE) {
		rv = AE_TYPE;
		goto fail;
	}

	if (obj->Package.Count == 0) {
		rv = AE_LIMIT;
		goto fail;
	}

	return obj;

fail:
	if (buf.Pointer != NULL)
		ACPI_FREE(buf.Pointer);

	ACPI_DEBUG_PRINT((ACPI_DB_DEBUG_OBJECT, "%s: failed to "
		"evaluate %s for %s: %s\n", __func__, path,
		acpi_xname(hdl), AcpiFormatException(rv)));

	return NULL;
}

SYSCTL_SETUP(sysctl_acpi_power_setup, "sysctl hw.acpi.power subtree setup")
{
	int err;

	err = sysctl_createv(NULL, 0, NULL, &anode,
	    CTLFLAG_PERMANENT, CTLTYPE_NODE, "hw",
	    NULL, NULL, 0, NULL, 0,
	    CTL_HW, CTL_EOL);

	if (err != 0)
		goto fail;

	err = sysctl_createv(NULL, 0, &anode, &anode,
	    CTLFLAG_PERMANENT, CTLTYPE_NODE, "acpi",
	    NULL, NULL, 0, NULL, 0,
	    CTL_CREATE, CTL_EOL);

	if (err != 0)
		goto fail;

	err = sysctl_createv(NULL, 0, &anode, &anode,
	    CTLFLAG_PERMANENT, CTLTYPE_NODE,
	    "power", SYSCTL_DESCR("ACPI device power states"),
	    NULL, 0, NULL, 0,
	    CTL_CREATE, CTL_EOL);

	if (err != 0)
		goto fail;

	return;

fail:
	anode = NULL;
}

void
acpi_power_add(struct acpi_devnode *ad)
{
	int err;

	KASSERT(ad != NULL && ad->ad_root != NULL);
	KASSERT((ad->ad_flags & ACPI_DEVICE_POWER) != 0);

	if (anode == NULL)
		return;

	/*
	 * Make this read-only: because a single power resource
	 * may power multiple devices, it is unclear whether
	 * power resources should be controllable by an user.
	 */
	err = sysctl_createv(NULL, 0, &anode, NULL,
	    CTLFLAG_READONLY, CTLTYPE_STRING, ad->ad_name,
	    NULL, acpi_power_sysctl, 0, ad, 0,
	    CTL_CREATE, CTL_EOL);

	if (err != 0)
		aprint_error_dev(ad->ad_root, "sysctl_createv"
		    "(hw.acpi.power.%s) failed (err %d)\n", ad->ad_name, err);
}

static int
acpi_power_sysctl(SYSCTLFN_ARGS)
{
	struct acpi_devnode *ad;
	struct sysctlnode node;
	int err, state;
	char t[3];

	node = *rnode;
	ad = rnode->sysctl_data;

	if (acpi_power_get(ad, &state) != true)
		state = 0;

	(void)memset(t, '\0', sizeof(t));
	(void)snprintf(t, sizeof(t), "D%d", state);

	node.sysctl_data = &t;

	err = sysctl_lookup(SYSCTLFN_CALL(&node));

	if (err || newp == NULL)
		return err;

	return 0;
}

/*
 * XXX: Move this to acpi_util.c by refactoring
 *	acpi_name() to optionally return a single name.
 */
static const char *
acpi_xname(ACPI_HANDLE hdl)
{
	static char str[5];
	ACPI_BUFFER buf;
	ACPI_STATUS rv;

	buf.Pointer = str;
	buf.Length = sizeof(str);

	rv = AcpiGetName(hdl, ACPI_SINGLE_NAME, &buf);

	if (ACPI_FAILURE(rv))
		return "????";

	return str;
}