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hd44780_subr.c revision 1.17
      1 /* $NetBSD: hd44780_subr.c,v 1.17 2009/03/14 15:36:17 dsl Exp $ */
      2 
      3 /*
      4  * Copyright (c) 2002 Dennis I. Chernoivanov
      5  * All rights reserved.
      6  *
      7  * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
      8  * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
      9  * are met:
     10  * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
     11  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
     12  * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
     13  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
     14  *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
     15  * 3. The name of the author may not be used to endorse or promote products
     16  *    derived from this software without specific prior written permission
     17  *
     18  * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR
     19  * IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES
     20  * OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED.
     21  * IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT,
     22  * INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT
     23  * NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
     24  * DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
     25  * THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
     26  * (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF
     27  * THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
     28  */
     29 
     30 /*
     31  * Subroutines for Hitachi HD44870 style displays
     32  */
     33 
     34 #include <sys/cdefs.h>
     35 __KERNEL_RCSID(0, "$NetBSD: hd44780_subr.c,v 1.17 2009/03/14 15:36:17 dsl Exp $");
     36 
     37 #include <sys/param.h>
     38 #include <sys/systm.h>
     39 #include <sys/conf.h>
     40 #include <sys/kernel.h>
     41 #include <sys/malloc.h>
     42 #include <sys/types.h>
     43 #include <sys/ioccom.h>
     44 
     45 #include <machine/autoconf.h>
     46 #include <sys/intr.h>
     47 #include <sys/bus.h>
     48 
     49 #include <uvm/uvm_extern.h>
     50 
     51 #include <dev/wscons/wsdisplayvar.h>
     52 #include <dev/wscons/wsconsio.h>
     53 #include <dev/wscons/wscons_callbacks.h>
     54 
     55 #include <dev/ic/hd44780reg.h>
     56 #include <dev/ic/hd44780var.h>
     57 
     58 #define COORD_TO_IDX(x, y)	((y) * sc->sc_cols + (x))
     59 #define COORD_TO_DADDR(x, y)	((y) * HD_ROW2_ADDR + (x))
     60 #define IDX_TO_ROW(idx)		((idx) / sc->sc_cols)
     61 #define IDX_TO_COL(idx)		((idx) % sc->sc_cols)
     62 #define IDX_TO_DADDR(idx)	(IDX_TO_ROW((idx)) * HD_ROW2_ADDR + \
     63 				IDX_TO_COL((idx)))
     64 #define DADDR_TO_ROW(daddr)	((daddr) / HD_ROW2_ADDR)
     65 #define DADDR_TO_COL(daddr)	((daddr) % HD_ROW2_ADDR)
     66 #define DADDR_TO_CHIPDADDR(daddr)	((daddr) % (HD_ROW2_ADDR * 2))
     67 #define DADDR_TO_CHIPNO(daddr)	((daddr) / (HD_ROW2_ADDR * 2))
     68 
     69 static void	hlcd_cursor(void *, int, int, int);
     70 static int	hlcd_mapchar(void *, int, unsigned int *);
     71 static void	hlcd_putchar(void *, int, int, u_int, long);
     72 static void	hlcd_copycols(void *, int, int, int,int);
     73 static void	hlcd_erasecols(void *, int, int, int, long);
     74 static void	hlcd_copyrows(void *, int, int, int);
     75 static void	hlcd_eraserows(void *, int, int, long);
     76 static int	hlcd_allocattr(void *, int, int, int, long *);
     77 static void	hlcd_updatechar(struct hd44780_chip *, int, int);
     78 static void	hlcd_redraw(void *);
     79 
     80 const struct wsdisplay_emulops hlcd_emulops = {
     81 	hlcd_cursor,
     82 	hlcd_mapchar,
     83 	hlcd_putchar,
     84 	hlcd_copycols,
     85 	hlcd_erasecols,
     86 	hlcd_copyrows,
     87 	hlcd_eraserows,
     88 	hlcd_allocattr
     89 };
     90 
     91 static int	hlcd_ioctl(void *, void *, u_long, void *, int, struct lwp *);
     92 static paddr_t	hlcd_mmap(void *, void *, off_t, int);
     93 static int	hlcd_alloc_screen(void *, const struct wsscreen_descr *,
     94 		    void **, int *, int *, long *);
     95 static void	hlcd_free_screen(void *, void *);
     96 static int	hlcd_show_screen(void *, void *, int,
     97 		    void (*) (void *, int, int), void *);
     98 
     99 const struct wsdisplay_accessops hlcd_accessops = {
    100 	hlcd_ioctl,
    101 	hlcd_mmap,
    102 	hlcd_alloc_screen,
    103 	hlcd_free_screen,
    104 	hlcd_show_screen,
    105 	0 /* load_font */
    106 };
    107 
    108 static void
    109 hlcd_cursor(id, on, row, col)
    110 	void *id;
    111 	int on, row, col;
    112 {
    113 	struct hlcd_screen *hdscr = id;
    114 
    115 	hdscr->hlcd_curon = on;
    116 	hdscr->hlcd_curx = col;
    117 	hdscr->hlcd_cury = row;
    118 }
    119 
    120 static int
    121 hlcd_mapchar(void *id, int uni, unsigned int *index)
    122 {
    123 	if (uni < 256) {
    124 		*index = uni;
    125 		return (5);
    126 	}
    127 	*index = ' ';
    128 	return (0);
    129 }
    130 
    131 static void
    132 hlcd_putchar(id, row, col, c, attr)
    133 	void *id;
    134 	int row, col;
    135 	u_int c;
    136 	long attr;
    137 {
    138 	struct hlcd_screen *hdscr = id;
    139 
    140 	c &= 0xff;
    141 	if (row > 0 && (hdscr->hlcd_sc->sc_flags & (HD_MULTILINE|HD_MULTICHIP)))
    142 		hdscr->image[hdscr->hlcd_sc->sc_cols * row + col] = c;
    143 	else
    144 		hdscr->image[col] = c;
    145 }
    146 
    147 /*
    148  * copies columns inside a row.
    149  */
    150 static void
    151 hlcd_copycols(id, row, srccol, dstcol, ncols)
    152 	void *id;
    153 	int row, srccol, dstcol, ncols;
    154 {
    155 	struct hlcd_screen *hdscr = id;
    156 
    157 	if ((dstcol + ncols - 1) > hdscr->hlcd_sc->sc_cols)
    158 		ncols = hdscr->hlcd_sc->sc_cols - srccol;
    159 
    160 	if (row > 0 && (hdscr->hlcd_sc->sc_flags & (HD_MULTILINE|HD_MULTICHIP)))
    161 		memmove(&hdscr->image[hdscr->hlcd_sc->sc_cols * row + dstcol],
    162 		    &hdscr->image[hdscr->hlcd_sc->sc_cols * row + srccol],
    163 		    ncols);
    164 	else
    165 		memmove(&hdscr->image[dstcol], &hdscr->image[srccol], ncols);
    166 }
    167 
    168 
    169 /*
    170  * Erases a bunch of chars inside one row.
    171  */
    172 static void
    173 hlcd_erasecols(id, row, startcol, ncols, fillattr)
    174 	void *id;
    175 	int row, startcol, ncols;
    176 	long fillattr;
    177 {
    178 	struct hlcd_screen *hdscr = id;
    179 
    180 	if ((startcol + ncols) > hdscr->hlcd_sc->sc_cols)
    181 		ncols = hdscr->hlcd_sc->sc_cols - startcol;
    182 
    183 	if (row > 0 && (hdscr->hlcd_sc->sc_flags & (HD_MULTILINE|HD_MULTICHIP)))
    184 		memset(&hdscr->image[hdscr->hlcd_sc->sc_cols * row + startcol],
    185 		    ' ', ncols);
    186 	else
    187 		memset(&hdscr->image[startcol], ' ', ncols);
    188 }
    189 
    190 
    191 static void
    192 hlcd_copyrows(id, srcrow, dstrow, nrows)
    193 	void *id;
    194 	int srcrow, dstrow, nrows;
    195 {
    196 	struct hlcd_screen *hdscr = id;
    197 	int ncols = hdscr->hlcd_sc->sc_cols;
    198 
    199 	if (!(hdscr->hlcd_sc->sc_flags & (HD_MULTILINE|HD_MULTICHIP)))
    200 		return;
    201 	memmove(&hdscr->image[dstrow * ncols], &hdscr->image[srcrow * ncols],
    202 	    nrows * ncols);
    203 }
    204 
    205 static void
    206 hlcd_eraserows(id, startrow, nrows, fillattr)
    207 	void *id;
    208 	int startrow, nrows;
    209 	long fillattr;
    210 {
    211 	struct hlcd_screen *hdscr = id;
    212 	int ncols = hdscr->hlcd_sc->sc_cols;
    213 
    214 	memset(&hdscr->image[startrow * ncols], ' ', ncols * nrows);
    215 }
    216 
    217 
    218 static int
    219 hlcd_allocattr(id, fg, bg, flags, attrp)
    220 	void *id;
    221 	int fg, bg, flags;
    222 	long *attrp;
    223 {
    224         *attrp = flags;
    225         return 0;
    226 }
    227 
    228 static int
    229 hlcd_ioctl(void *v, void *vs, u_long cmd, void *data, int flag, struct lwp *l)
    230 {
    231 
    232 	switch (cmd) {
    233 	case WSDISPLAYIO_GTYPE:
    234 		*(u_int *)data = WSDISPLAY_TYPE_HDLCD;
    235 		break;
    236 
    237 	case WSDISPLAYIO_SVIDEO:
    238 		break;
    239 
    240 	case WSDISPLAYIO_GVIDEO:
    241 		*(u_int *)data = WSDISPLAYIO_VIDEO_ON;
    242 		break;
    243 
    244 	default:
    245 		return EPASSTHROUGH;
    246 	}
    247 	return 0;
    248 }
    249 
    250 static paddr_t
    251 hlcd_mmap(void *v, void *vs, off_t offset, int prot)
    252 {
    253 	return -1;
    254 }
    255 
    256 static int
    257 hlcd_alloc_screen(v, type, cookiep, curxp, curyp, defattrp)
    258 	void *v;
    259 	const struct wsscreen_descr *type;
    260 	void **cookiep;
    261 	int *curxp, *curyp;
    262 	long *defattrp;
    263 {
    264 	struct hlcd_screen *hdscr = v, *new;
    265 
    266 	new = *cookiep = malloc(sizeof(struct hlcd_screen),
    267 				M_DEVBUF, M_WAITOK|M_ZERO);
    268 	new->hlcd_sc = hdscr->hlcd_sc;
    269 	new->image = malloc(PAGE_SIZE, M_DEVBUF, M_WAITOK);
    270 	memset(new->image, ' ', PAGE_SIZE);
    271 	*curxp = *curyp = *defattrp = 0;
    272 	return 0;
    273 }
    274 
    275 static void
    276 hlcd_free_screen(v, cookie)
    277 	void *v, *cookie;
    278 {
    279 }
    280 
    281 static int
    282 hlcd_show_screen(v, cookie, waitok, cb, cbarg)
    283 	void *v, *cookie, *cbarg;
    284 	int waitok;
    285 	void (*cb)(void *, int, int);
    286 {
    287 	struct hlcd_screen *hdscr = v;
    288 
    289 	hdscr->hlcd_sc->sc_curscr = cookie;
    290 	callout_schedule(&hdscr->hlcd_sc->redraw, 1);
    291 	return (0);
    292 }
    293 
    294 static void
    295 hlcd_updatechar(sc, daddr, c)
    296 	struct hd44780_chip *sc;
    297 	int daddr, c;
    298 {
    299 	int curdaddr, en, chipdaddr;
    300 
    301 	curdaddr = COORD_TO_DADDR(sc->sc_screen.hlcd_curx,
    302 	    sc->sc_screen.hlcd_cury);
    303 	en = DADDR_TO_CHIPNO(daddr);
    304 	chipdaddr = DADDR_TO_CHIPDADDR(daddr);
    305 	if (daddr != curdaddr)
    306 		hd44780_ir_write(sc, en, cmd_ddramset(chipdaddr));
    307 
    308 	hd44780_dr_write(sc, en, c);
    309 
    310 	daddr++;
    311 	sc->sc_screen.hlcd_curx = DADDR_TO_COL(daddr);
    312 	sc->sc_screen.hlcd_cury = DADDR_TO_ROW(daddr);
    313 }
    314 
    315 static void
    316 hlcd_redraw(void *arg)
    317 {
    318 	struct hd44780_chip *sc = arg;
    319 	int len, crsridx, startidx, x, y;
    320 	int old_en, new_en;
    321 	u_char *img, *curimg;
    322 
    323 	if (sc->sc_curscr == NULL)
    324 		return;
    325 
    326 	if (sc->sc_flags & HD_MULTILINE)
    327 		len = 2 * sc->sc_cols;
    328 	else
    329 		len = sc->sc_cols;
    330 
    331 	if (sc->sc_flags & HD_MULTICHIP)
    332 		len = len * 2;
    333 
    334 	x = sc->sc_screen.hlcd_curx;
    335 	y = sc->sc_screen.hlcd_cury;
    336 	old_en = DADDR_TO_CHIPNO(COORD_TO_DADDR(x, y));
    337 
    338 	img = sc->sc_screen.image;
    339 	curimg = sc->sc_curscr->image;
    340 	startidx = crsridx =
    341 	    COORD_TO_IDX(sc->sc_screen.hlcd_curx, sc->sc_screen.hlcd_cury);
    342 	do {
    343 		if (img[crsridx] != curimg[crsridx]) {
    344 			hlcd_updatechar(sc, IDX_TO_DADDR(crsridx),
    345 			    curimg[crsridx]);
    346 			img[crsridx] = curimg[crsridx];
    347 		}
    348 		crsridx++;
    349 		if (crsridx == len)
    350 			crsridx = 0;
    351 	} while (crsridx != startidx);
    352 
    353 	x = sc->sc_curscr->hlcd_curx;
    354 	y = sc->sc_curscr->hlcd_cury;
    355 	new_en = DADDR_TO_CHIPNO(COORD_TO_DADDR(x, y));
    356 
    357 	if (sc->sc_screen.hlcd_curx != sc->sc_curscr->hlcd_curx ||
    358 	    sc->sc_screen.hlcd_cury != sc->sc_curscr->hlcd_cury) {
    359 
    360 		x = sc->sc_screen.hlcd_curx = sc->sc_curscr->hlcd_curx;
    361 		y = sc->sc_screen.hlcd_cury = sc->sc_curscr->hlcd_cury;
    362 
    363 		hd44780_ir_write(sc, new_en, cmd_ddramset(
    364 		    DADDR_TO_CHIPDADDR(COORD_TO_DADDR(x, y))));
    365 
    366 	}
    367 
    368 	/* visible cursor switched to other chip */
    369 	if (old_en != new_en && sc->sc_screen.hlcd_curon) {
    370 		hd44780_ir_write(sc, old_en, cmd_dispctl(1, 0, 0));
    371 		hd44780_ir_write(sc, new_en, cmd_dispctl(1, 1, 1));
    372 	}
    373 
    374 	if (sc->sc_screen.hlcd_curon != sc->sc_curscr->hlcd_curon) {
    375 		sc->sc_screen.hlcd_curon = sc->sc_curscr->hlcd_curon;
    376 		if (sc->sc_screen.hlcd_curon)
    377 			hd44780_ir_write(sc, new_en, cmd_dispctl(1, 1, 1));
    378 		else
    379 			hd44780_ir_write(sc, new_en, cmd_dispctl(1, 0, 0));
    380 	}
    381 
    382 	callout_schedule(&sc->redraw, 1);
    383 }
    384 
    385 
    386 /*
    387  * Finish device attach. sc_writereg, sc_readreg and sc_flags must be properly
    388  * initialized prior to this call.
    389  */
    390 void
    391 hd44780_attach_subr(struct hd44780_chip *sc)
    392 {
    393 	int err = 0;
    394 	/* Putc/getc are supposed to be set by platform-dependent code. */
    395 	if ((sc->sc_writereg == NULL) || (sc->sc_readreg == NULL))
    396 		sc->sc_dev_ok = 0;
    397 
    398 	/* Make sure that HD_MAX_CHARS is enough. */
    399 	if ((sc->sc_flags & HD_MULTILINE) && (2 * sc->sc_cols > HD_MAX_CHARS))
    400 		sc->sc_dev_ok = 0;
    401 	else if (sc->sc_cols > HD_MAX_CHARS)
    402 		sc->sc_dev_ok = 0;
    403 
    404 	if (sc->sc_dev_ok) {
    405 		if ((sc->sc_flags & HD_UP) == 0)
    406 			err = hd44780_init(sc);
    407 		if (err != 0)
    408 			aprint_error_dev(sc->sc_dev, "LCD not responding or unconnected\n");
    409 
    410 	}
    411 
    412 	sc->sc_screen.hlcd_sc = sc;
    413 
    414 	sc->sc_screen.image = malloc(PAGE_SIZE, M_DEVBUF, M_WAITOK);
    415 	memset(sc->sc_screen.image, ' ', PAGE_SIZE);
    416 	sc->sc_curscr = NULL;
    417 	sc->sc_curchip = 0;
    418 	callout_init(&sc->redraw, 0);
    419 	callout_setfunc(&sc->redraw, hlcd_redraw, sc);
    420 }
    421 
    422 int hd44780_init(sc)
    423 	struct hd44780_chip *sc;
    424 {
    425 	int ret;
    426 
    427 	ret = hd44780_chipinit(sc, 0);
    428 	if (ret != 0 || !(sc->sc_flags & HD_MULTICHIP)) return ret;
    429 	else return hd44780_chipinit(sc, 1);
    430 }
    431 
    432 /*
    433  * Initialize 4-bit or 8-bit connected device.
    434  */
    435 int
    436 hd44780_chipinit(struct hd44780_chip *sc, u_int32_t en)
    437 {
    438 	u_int8_t cmd, dat;
    439 
    440 	sc->sc_flags &= ~(HD_TIMEDOUT|HD_UP);
    441 	sc->sc_dev_ok = 1;
    442 
    443 	cmd = cmd_init(sc->sc_flags & HD_8BIT);
    444 	hd44780_ir_write(sc, en, cmd);
    445 	delay(HD_TIMEOUT_LONG);
    446 	hd44780_ir_write(sc, en, cmd);
    447 	hd44780_ir_write(sc, en, cmd);
    448 
    449 	cmd = cmd_funcset(
    450 			sc->sc_flags & HD_8BIT,
    451 			sc->sc_flags & HD_MULTILINE,
    452 			sc->sc_flags & HD_BIGFONT);
    453 
    454 	if ((sc->sc_flags & HD_8BIT) == 0)
    455 		hd44780_ir_write(sc, en, cmd);
    456 
    457 	sc->sc_flags |= HD_UP;
    458 
    459 	hd44780_ir_write(sc, en, cmd);
    460 	hd44780_ir_write(sc, en, cmd_dispctl(0, 0, 0));
    461 	hd44780_ir_write(sc, en, cmd_clear());
    462 	hd44780_ir_write(sc, en, cmd_modset(1, 0));
    463 
    464 	if (sc->sc_flags & HD_TIMEDOUT) {
    465 		sc->sc_flags &= ~HD_UP;
    466 		return EIO;
    467 	}
    468 
    469 	/* Turn display on and clear it. */
    470 	hd44780_ir_write(sc, en, cmd_clear());
    471 	hd44780_ir_write(sc, en, cmd_dispctl(1, 0, 0));
    472 
    473 	/* Attempt a simple probe for presence */
    474 	hd44780_ir_write(sc, en, cmd_ddramset(0x5));
    475 	hd44780_ir_write(sc, en, cmd_shift(0, 1));
    476 	hd44780_busy_wait(sc, en);
    477 	if ((dat = hd44780_ir_read(sc, en) & 0x7f) != 0x6) {
    478 		sc->sc_dev_ok = 0;
    479 		sc->sc_flags &= ~HD_UP;
    480 		return EIO;
    481 	}
    482 	hd44780_ir_write(sc, en, cmd_ddramset(0));
    483 
    484 	return 0;
    485 }
    486 
    487 /*
    488  * Standard hd44780 ioctl() functions.
    489  */
    490 int
    491 hd44780_ioctl_subr(struct hd44780_chip *sc, u_long cmd, void *data)
    492 {
    493 	u_int8_t tmp;
    494 	int error = 0;
    495 	u_int32_t en = sc->sc_curchip;
    496 
    497 #define hd44780_io()	((struct hd44780_io *)data)
    498 #define hd44780_info()	((struct hd44780_info*)data)
    499 #define hd44780_ctrl()	((struct hd44780_dispctl*)data)
    500 
    501 	switch (cmd) {
    502 		/* Clear the LCD. */
    503 		case HLCD_CLEAR:
    504 			hd44780_ir_write(sc, en, cmd_clear());
    505 			break;
    506 
    507 		/* Move the cursor one position to the left. */
    508 		case HLCD_CURSOR_LEFT:
    509 			hd44780_ir_write(sc, en, cmd_shift(0, 0));
    510 			break;
    511 
    512 		/* Move the cursor one position to the right. */
    513 		case HLCD_CURSOR_RIGHT:
    514 			hd44780_ir_write(sc, en, cmd_shift(0, 1));
    515 			break;
    516 
    517 		/* Control the LCD. */
    518 		case HLCD_DISPCTL:
    519 			hd44780_ir_write(sc, en, cmd_dispctl(
    520 						hd44780_ctrl()->display_on,
    521 						hd44780_ctrl()->cursor_on,
    522 						hd44780_ctrl()->blink_on));
    523 			break;
    524 
    525 		/* Get LCD configuration. */
    526 		case HLCD_GET_INFO:
    527 			hd44780_info()->lines
    528 				= (sc->sc_flags & HD_MULTILINE) ? 2 : 1;
    529 			if (sc->sc_flags & HD_MULTICHIP)
    530 				hd44780_info()->lines *= 2;
    531 			hd44780_info()->phys_rows = sc->sc_cols;
    532 			hd44780_info()->virt_rows = sc->sc_vcols;
    533 			hd44780_info()->is_wide = sc->sc_flags & HD_8BIT;
    534 			hd44780_info()->is_bigfont = sc->sc_flags & HD_BIGFONT;
    535 			hd44780_info()->kp_present = sc->sc_flags & HD_KEYPAD;
    536 			break;
    537 
    538 
    539 		/* Reset the LCD. */
    540 		case HLCD_RESET:
    541 			error = hd44780_init(sc);
    542 			break;
    543 
    544 		/* Get the current cursor position. */
    545 		case HLCD_GET_CURSOR_POS:
    546 			hd44780_io()->dat = (hd44780_ir_read(sc, en) & 0x7f);
    547 			break;
    548 
    549 		/* Set the cursor position. */
    550 		case HLCD_SET_CURSOR_POS:
    551 			hd44780_ir_write(sc, en, cmd_ddramset(hd44780_io()->dat));
    552 			break;
    553 
    554 		/* Get the value at the current cursor position. */
    555 		case HLCD_GETC:
    556 			tmp = (hd44780_ir_read(sc, en) & 0x7f);
    557 			hd44780_ir_write(sc, en, cmd_ddramset(tmp));
    558 			hd44780_io()->dat = hd44780_dr_read(sc, en);
    559 			break;
    560 
    561 		/* Set the character at the cursor position + advance cursor. */
    562 		case HLCD_PUTC:
    563 			hd44780_dr_write(sc, en, hd44780_io()->dat);
    564 			break;
    565 
    566 		/* Shift display left. */
    567 		case HLCD_SHIFT_LEFT:
    568 			hd44780_ir_write(sc, en, cmd_shift(1, 0));
    569 			break;
    570 
    571 		/* Shift display right. */
    572 		case HLCD_SHIFT_RIGHT:
    573 			hd44780_ir_write(sc, en, cmd_shift(1, 1));
    574 			break;
    575 
    576 		/* Return home. */
    577 		case HLCD_HOME:
    578 			hd44780_ir_write(sc, en, cmd_rethome());
    579 			break;
    580 
    581 		/* Write a string to the LCD virtual area. */
    582 		case HLCD_WRITE:
    583 			error = hd44780_ddram_io(sc, en, hd44780_io(), HD_DDRAM_WRITE);
    584 			break;
    585 
    586 		/* Read LCD virtual area. */
    587 		case HLCD_READ:
    588 			error = hd44780_ddram_io(sc, en, hd44780_io(), HD_DDRAM_READ);
    589 			break;
    590 
    591 		/* Write to the LCD visible area. */
    592 		case HLCD_REDRAW:
    593 			hd44780_ddram_redraw(sc, en, hd44780_io());
    594 			break;
    595 
    596 		/* Write raw instruction. */
    597 		case HLCD_WRITE_INST:
    598 			hd44780_ir_write(sc, en, hd44780_io()->dat);
    599 			break;
    600 
    601 		/* Write raw data. */
    602 		case HLCD_WRITE_DATA:
    603 			hd44780_dr_write(sc, en, hd44780_io()->dat);
    604 			break;
    605 
    606 		/* Get current chip 0 or 1 (top or bottom) */
    607 		case HLCD_GET_CHIPNO:
    608 			*(u_int8_t *)data = sc->sc_curchip;
    609 			break;
    610 
    611 		/* Set current chip 0 or 1 (top or bottom) */
    612 		case HLCD_SET_CHIPNO:
    613 			sc->sc_curchip = *(u_int8_t *)data;
    614 			break;
    615 
    616 		default:
    617 			error = EINVAL;
    618 	}
    619 
    620 	if (sc->sc_flags & HD_TIMEDOUT)
    621 		error = EIO;
    622 
    623 	return error;
    624 }
    625 
    626 /*
    627  * Read/write particular area of the LCD screen.
    628  */
    629 int
    630 hd44780_ddram_io(struct hd44780_chip *sc, u_int32_t en, struct hd44780_io *io, u_char dir)
    631 {
    632 	u_int8_t hi;
    633 	u_int8_t addr;
    634 
    635 	int error = 0;
    636 	u_int8_t i = 0;
    637 
    638 	if (io->dat < sc->sc_vcols) {
    639 		hi = HD_ROW1_ADDR + sc->sc_vcols;
    640 		addr = HD_ROW1_ADDR + io->dat;
    641 		for (; (addr < hi) && (i < io->len); addr++, i++) {
    642 			hd44780_ir_write(sc, en, cmd_ddramset(addr));
    643 			if (dir == HD_DDRAM_READ)
    644 				io->buf[i] = hd44780_dr_read(sc, en);
    645 			else
    646 				hd44780_dr_write(sc, en, io->buf[i]);
    647 		}
    648 	}
    649 	if (io->dat < 2 * sc->sc_vcols) {
    650 		hi = HD_ROW2_ADDR + sc->sc_vcols;
    651 		if (io->dat >= sc->sc_vcols)
    652 			addr = HD_ROW2_ADDR + io->dat - sc->sc_vcols;
    653 		else
    654 			addr = HD_ROW2_ADDR;
    655 		for (; (addr < hi) && (i < io->len); addr++, i++) {
    656 			hd44780_ir_write(sc, en, cmd_ddramset(addr));
    657 			if (dir == HD_DDRAM_READ)
    658 				io->buf[i] = hd44780_dr_read(sc, en);
    659 			else
    660 				hd44780_dr_write(sc, en, io->buf[i]);
    661 		}
    662 		if (i < io->len)
    663 			io->len = i;
    664 	} else {
    665 		error = EINVAL;
    666 	}
    667 	return error;
    668 }
    669 
    670 /*
    671  * Write to the visible area of the display.
    672  */
    673 void
    674 hd44780_ddram_redraw(struct hd44780_chip *sc, u_int32_t en, struct hd44780_io *io)
    675 {
    676 	u_int8_t i;
    677 
    678 	hd44780_ir_write(sc, en, cmd_clear());
    679 	hd44780_ir_write(sc, en, cmd_rethome());
    680 	hd44780_ir_write(sc, en, cmd_ddramset(HD_ROW1_ADDR));
    681 	for (i = 0; (i < io->len) && (i < sc->sc_cols); i++) {
    682 		hd44780_dr_write(sc, en, io->buf[i]);
    683 	}
    684 	hd44780_ir_write(sc, en, cmd_ddramset(HD_ROW2_ADDR));
    685 	for (; (i < io->len); i++)
    686 		hd44780_dr_write(sc, en, io->buf[i]);
    687 }
    688 
    689 void
    690 hd44780_busy_wait(struct hd44780_chip *sc, u_int32_t en)
    691 {
    692 	int nloops = 100;
    693 
    694 	if (sc->sc_flags & HD_TIMEDOUT)
    695 		return;
    696 
    697 	while(nloops-- && (hd44780_ir_read(sc, en) & BUSY_FLAG) == BUSY_FLAG);
    698 
    699 	if (nloops == 0) {
    700 		sc->sc_flags |= HD_TIMEDOUT;
    701 		sc->sc_dev_ok = 0;
    702 	}
    703 }
    704 
    705 #if defined(HD44780_STD_WIDE)
    706 /*
    707  * Standard 8-bit version of 'sc_writereg' (8-bit port, 8-bit access)
    708  */
    709 void
    710 hd44780_writereg(sc, en, reg, cmd)
    711 	struct hd44780_chip *sc;
    712 	u_int32_t en, reg;
    713 	u_int8_t cmd;
    714 {
    715 	bus_space_tag_t iot = sc->sc_iot;
    716 	bus_space_handle_t ioh;
    717 
    718 	if (sc->sc_dev_ok == 0)
    719 		return;
    720 
    721 	if (reg == 0)
    722 		ioh = sc->sc_ioir;
    723 	else
    724 		ioh = sc->sc_iodr;
    725 
    726 	bus_space_write_1(iot, ioh, 0x00, cmd);
    727 	delay(HD_TIMEOUT_NORMAL);
    728 }
    729 
    730 /*
    731  * Standard 8-bit version of 'sc_readreg' (8-bit port, 8-bit access)
    732  */
    733 u_int8_t
    734 hd44780_readreg(sc, en, reg)
    735 	struct hd44780_chip *sc;
    736 	u_int32_t en, reg;
    737 {
    738 	bus_space_tag_t iot = sc->sc_iot;
    739 	bus_space_handle_t ioh;
    740 
    741 	if (sc->sc_dev_ok == 0)
    742 		return;
    743 
    744 	if (reg == 0)
    745 		ioh = sc->sc_ioir;
    746 	else
    747 		ioh = sc->sc_iodr;
    748 
    749 	delay(HD_TIMEOUT_NORMAL);
    750 	return bus_space_read_1(iot, ioh, 0x00);
    751 }
    752 #elif defined(HD44780_STD_SHORT)
    753 /*
    754  * Standard 4-bit version of 'sc_writereg' (4-bit port, 8-bit access)
    755  */
    756 void
    757 hd44780_writereg(sc, en, reg, cmd)
    758 	struct hd44780_chip *sc;
    759 	u_int32_t en, reg;
    760 	u_int8_t cmd;
    761 {
    762 	bus_space_tag_t iot = sc->sc_iot;
    763 	bus_space_handle_t ioh;
    764 
    765 	if (sc->sc_dev_ok == 0)
    766 		return;
    767 
    768 	if (reg == 0)
    769 		ioh = sc->sc_ioir;
    770 	else
    771 		ioh = sc->sc_iodr;
    772 
    773 	bus_space_write_1(iot, ioh, 0x00, hi_bits(cmd));
    774 	if (sc->sc_flags & HD_UP)
    775 		bus_space_write_1(iot, ioh, 0x00, lo_bits(cmd));
    776 	delay(HD_TIMEOUT_NORMAL);
    777 }
    778 
    779 /*
    780  * Standard 4-bit version of 'sc_readreg' (4-bit port, 8-bit access)
    781  */
    782 u_int8_t
    783 hd44780_readreg(sc, en, reg)
    784 	struct hd44780_chip *sc;
    785 	u_int32_t en, reg;
    786 {
    787 	bus_space_tag_t iot = sc->sc_iot;
    788 	bus_space_handle_t ioh;
    789 	u_int8_t rd, dat;
    790 
    791 	if (sc->sc_dev_ok == 0)
    792 		return;
    793 
    794 	if (reg == 0)
    795 		ioh = sc->sc_ioir;
    796 	else
    797 		ioh = sc->sc_iodr;
    798 
    799 	rd = bus_space_read_1(iot, ioh, 0x00);
    800 	dat = (rd & 0x0f) << 4;
    801 	rd = bus_space_read_1(iot, ioh, 0x00);
    802 	return (dat | (rd & 0x0f));
    803 }
    804 #endif
    805