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nandemulator.c revision 1.8
      1 /*	$NetBSD: nandemulator.c,v 1.8 2019/02/05 08:02:19 mrg Exp $	*/
      2 
      3 /*-
      4  * Copyright (c) 2011 Department of Software Engineering,
      5  *		      University of Szeged, Hungary
      6  * Copyright (c) 2011 Adam Hoka <ahoka (at) NetBSD.org>
      7  * All rights reserved.
      8  *
      9  * This code is derived from software contributed to The NetBSD Foundation
     10  * by the Department of Software Engineering, University of Szeged, Hungary
     11  *
     12  * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
     13  * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
     14  * are met:
     15  * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
     16  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
     17  * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
     18  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
     19  *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
     20  *
     21  * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR
     22  * IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES
     23  * OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED.
     24  * IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT,
     25  * INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING,
     26  * BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES;
     27  * LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED
     28  * AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY,
     29  * OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
     30  * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
     31  * SUCH DAMAGE.
     32  */
     33 
     34 #include <sys/cdefs.h>
     35 __KERNEL_RCSID(0, "$NetBSD: nandemulator.c,v 1.8 2019/02/05 08:02:19 mrg Exp $");
     36 
     37 /* XXX this code likely needs work */
     38 
     39 #include <sys/param.h>
     40 #include <sys/device.h>
     41 #include <sys/conf.h>
     42 #include <sys/kmem.h>
     43 #include <sys/kernel.h>
     44 
     45 #include "nandemulator.h"
     46 
     47 #include <dev/nand/nand.h>
     48 #include <dev/nand/onfi.h>
     49 #include <dev/nand/nand_crc.h>
     50 
     51 #include "ioconf.h"
     52 
     53 extern struct cfdriver nandemulator_cd;
     54 
     55 static int nandemulator_match(device_t, cfdata_t, void *);
     56 static void nandemulator_attach(device_t, device_t, void *);
     57 static int nandemulator_detach(device_t, int);
     58 
     59 static void nandemulator_device_reset(device_t);
     60 static void nandemulator_command(device_t, uint8_t);
     61 static void nandemulator_address(device_t, uint8_t);
     62 static void nandemulator_busy(device_t);
     63 static void nandemulator_read_1(device_t, uint8_t *);
     64 static void nandemulator_write_1(device_t, uint8_t);
     65 static void nandemulator_read_2(device_t, uint16_t *);
     66 static void nandemulator_write_2(device_t, uint16_t);
     67 static void nandemulator_read_buf_1(device_t, void *, size_t);
     68 static void nandemulator_read_buf_2(device_t, void *, size_t);
     69 static void nandemulator_write_buf_1(device_t, const void *, size_t);
     70 static void nandemulator_write_buf_2(device_t, const void *, size_t);
     71 
     72 static size_t nandemulator_address_to_page(device_t);
     73 static size_t nandemulator_page_to_backend_offset(device_t, size_t);
     74 static size_t nandemulator_column_address_to_subpage(device_t);
     75 /*
     76 #define NANDEMULATOR_DEBUG 1
     77 
     78 #ifdef NANDEMULATOR_DEBUG
     79 #warning debug enabled
     80 #define DPRINTF(x)	if (nandemulatordebug) printf x
     81 #define DPRINTFN(n,x)	if (nandemulatordebug>(n)) printf x
     82 #else
     83 #error no debug
     84 #define DPRINTF(x)
     85 #define DPRINTFN(n,x)
     86 #endif
     87 
     88 #ifdef NANDEMULATOR_DEBUG
     89 int	nandemulatordebug = NANDEMULATOR_DEBUG;
     90 #endif
     91 */
     92 
     93 extern int nanddebug;
     94 
     95 enum {
     96 	NANDEMULATOR_8BIT,
     97 	NANDEMULATOR_16BIT
     98 };
     99 
    100 struct nandemulator_softc {
    101 	device_t		sc_dev;
    102 	device_t		sc_nanddev;
    103 
    104 	int			sc_buswidth;
    105 
    106 	struct nand_interface	sc_nand_if;
    107 
    108 	uint8_t			sc_command;
    109 	size_t			sc_io_len;
    110 	uint8_t			*sc_io_pointer;
    111 	uint64_t		sc_address;
    112 
    113 	uint8_t			*sc_backend;
    114 	size_t			sc_backend_size;
    115 	size_t			sc_device_size;
    116 	bool			sc_register_writable;
    117 
    118 	uint8_t			sc_status_register;
    119 	uint8_t			sc_ids[2];
    120 	uint8_t			sc_onfi[4];
    121 
    122 	size_t			sc_page_size;
    123 	size_t			sc_block_size;
    124 	size_t			sc_spare_size;
    125 	size_t			sc_lun_size;
    126 	uint8_t			sc_row_cycles;
    127 	uint8_t			sc_column_cycles;
    128 	uint64_t		sc_row_mask;
    129 
    130 	int			sc_address_counter;
    131 
    132 	struct onfi_parameter_page	*sc_parameter_page;
    133 };
    134 
    135 CFATTACH_DECL_NEW(nandemulator, sizeof(struct nandemulator_softc),
    136     nandemulator_match, nandemulator_attach, nandemulator_detach, NULL);
    137 
    138 void
    139 nandemulatorattach(int n)
    140 {
    141 	int i, err;
    142 	cfdata_t cf;
    143 
    144 	aprint_debug("nandemulator: requested %d units\n", n);
    145 
    146 	err = config_cfattach_attach(nandemulator_cd.cd_name,
    147 	    &nandemulator_ca);
    148 	if (err) {
    149 		aprint_error("%s: couldn't register cfattach: %d\n",
    150 		    nandemulator_cd.cd_name, err);
    151 		config_cfdriver_detach(&nandemulator_cd);
    152 		return;
    153 	}
    154 	for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
    155 		cf = kmem_alloc(sizeof(struct cfdata), KM_NOSLEEP);
    156 		if (cf == NULL) {
    157 			aprint_error("%s: couldn't allocate cfdata\n",
    158 			    nandemulator_cd.cd_name);
    159 			continue;
    160 		}
    161 		cf->cf_name = nandemulator_cd.cd_name;
    162 		cf->cf_atname = nandemulator_cd.cd_name;
    163 		cf->cf_unit = i;
    164 		cf->cf_fstate = FSTATE_STAR;
    165 
    166 		(void)config_attach_pseudo(cf);
    167 	}
    168 }
    169 
    170 /* ARGSUSED */
    171 static int
    172 nandemulator_match(device_t parent, cfdata_t match, void *aux)
    173 {
    174 	/* pseudo device, always attaches */
    175 	return 1;
    176 }
    177 
    178 static void
    179 nandemulator_attach(device_t parent, device_t self, void *aux)
    180 {
    181 	struct nandemulator_softc *sc = device_private(self);
    182 	int i;
    183 
    184 	aprint_normal_dev(self, "NAND emulator\n");
    185 
    186 	sc->sc_dev = self;
    187 
    188 	nand_init_interface(&sc->sc_nand_if);
    189 
    190 	sc->sc_nand_if.command = &nandemulator_command;
    191 	sc->sc_nand_if.address = &nandemulator_address;
    192 	sc->sc_nand_if.read_buf_1 = &nandemulator_read_buf_1;
    193 	sc->sc_nand_if.read_buf_2 = &nandemulator_read_buf_2;
    194 	sc->sc_nand_if.read_1 = &nandemulator_read_1;
    195 	sc->sc_nand_if.read_2 = &nandemulator_read_2;
    196 	sc->sc_nand_if.write_buf_1 = &nandemulator_write_buf_1;
    197 	sc->sc_nand_if.write_buf_2 = &nandemulator_write_buf_2;
    198 	sc->sc_nand_if.write_1 = &nandemulator_write_1;
    199 	sc->sc_nand_if.write_2 = &nandemulator_write_2;
    200 	sc->sc_nand_if.busy = &nandemulator_busy;
    201 
    202 	sc->sc_nand_if.ecc.necc_code_size = 3;
    203 	sc->sc_nand_if.ecc.necc_block_size = 256;
    204 
    205 	if (!pmf_device_register1(sc->sc_dev, NULL, NULL, NULL))
    206 		aprint_error_dev(sc->sc_dev,
    207 		    "couldn't establish power handler\n");
    208 
    209 	sc->sc_buswidth = NANDEMULATOR_16BIT;	/* 16bit for now */
    210 
    211 	/* hardcode these now, make it configurable later */
    212 	sc->sc_device_size = 32 * 1024 * 1024; /* 32MB */
    213 	sc->sc_page_size = 2048;
    214 	sc->sc_block_size = 64;
    215 	sc->sc_lun_size =
    216 	    sc->sc_device_size / (sc->sc_page_size * sc->sc_block_size);
    217 	KASSERT(sc->sc_device_size %
    218 	    (sc->sc_page_size * sc->sc_block_size) == 0);
    219 	sc->sc_spare_size = 64;
    220 
    221 	sc->sc_column_cycles = 2;
    222 	sc->sc_row_cycles = 3;
    223 
    224 	/* init the emulator data structures */
    225 	sc->sc_backend_size =
    226 	    sc->sc_device_size +
    227 	    sc->sc_device_size / sc->sc_page_size * sc->sc_spare_size;
    228 
    229 	sc->sc_backend = kmem_alloc(sc->sc_backend_size, KM_SLEEP);
    230 	memset(sc->sc_backend, 0xff, sc->sc_backend_size);
    231 
    232 	sc->sc_parameter_page =
    233 	    kmem_zalloc(sizeof(struct onfi_parameter_page) * 4, KM_SLEEP);
    234 
    235 	struct onfi_parameter_page *opp;
    236 	uint8_t sig[4] = { 'O', 'N', 'F', 'I' };
    237 
    238 	for (i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
    239 		opp = &sc->sc_parameter_page[i];
    240 
    241 		opp->param_signature = htole32(*(uint32_t *)sig);
    242 		opp->param_pagesize = htole32(sc->sc_page_size);
    243 		opp->param_blocksize = htole32(sc->sc_block_size);
    244 		opp->param_sparesize = htole16(sc->sc_spare_size);
    245 		opp->param_lunsize = htole32(sc->sc_lun_size);
    246 		opp->param_numluns = 1;
    247 
    248 		opp->param_manufacturer_id = 0x00;
    249 		memcpy(opp->param_manufacturer,
    250 		    "NETBSD", strlen("NETBSD"));
    251 		memcpy(opp->param_model,
    252 		    "NANDEMULATOR", strlen("NANDEMULATOR"));
    253 
    254 		uint16_t features = ONFI_FEATURE_16BIT;
    255 		opp->param_features = htole16(features);
    256 
    257 		/* the lower 4 bits contain the row address cycles
    258 		 * the upper 4 bits contain the column address cycles
    259 		 */
    260 		opp->param_addr_cycles = sc->sc_row_cycles;
    261 		opp->param_addr_cycles |= (sc->sc_column_cycles << 4);
    262 
    263 		opp->param_integrity_crc = nand_crc16((uint8_t *)opp, 254);
    264 	}
    265 
    266 	sc->sc_ids[0] = 0x00;
    267 	sc->sc_ids[1] = 0x00;
    268 
    269 	sc->sc_onfi[0] = 'O';
    270 	sc->sc_onfi[1] = 'N';
    271 	sc->sc_onfi[2] = 'F';
    272 	sc->sc_onfi[3] = 'I';
    273 
    274 	sc->sc_row_mask = 0x00;
    275 	for (i = 0; i < sc->sc_row_cycles; i++) {
    276 		sc->sc_row_mask <<= 8;
    277 		sc->sc_row_mask |= 0xff;
    278 	}
    279 
    280 	nandemulator_device_reset(self);
    281 
    282 	sc->sc_nanddev = nand_attach_mi(&sc->sc_nand_if, sc->sc_dev);
    283 }
    284 
    285 static int
    286 nandemulator_detach(device_t self, int flags)
    287 {
    288 	struct nandemulator_softc *sc = device_private(self);
    289 	int ret = 0;
    290 
    291 	aprint_normal_dev(sc->sc_dev, "detaching emulator\n");
    292 
    293 	pmf_device_deregister(sc->sc_dev);
    294 
    295 	if (sc->sc_nanddev != NULL)
    296 		ret = config_detach(sc->sc_nanddev, flags);
    297 
    298 	kmem_free(sc->sc_backend, sc->sc_backend_size);
    299 	kmem_free(sc->sc_parameter_page,
    300 	    sizeof(struct onfi_parameter_page) * 4);
    301 
    302 	return ret;
    303 }
    304 
    305 /**
    306  * bring the emulated device to a known state
    307  */
    308 static void
    309 nandemulator_device_reset(device_t self)
    310 {
    311 	struct nandemulator_softc *sc = device_private(self);
    312 
    313 	DPRINTF(("device reset\n"));
    314 
    315 	sc->sc_command = 0;
    316 	sc->sc_register_writable = false;
    317 	sc->sc_io_len = 0;
    318 	sc->sc_io_pointer = NULL;
    319 	sc->sc_address = 0;
    320 	sc->sc_address_counter = 0;
    321 
    322 	sc->sc_status_register = ONFI_STATUS_RDY | ONFI_STATUS_WP;
    323 }
    324 
    325 static void
    326 nandemulator_address_chip(device_t self)
    327 {
    328 	struct nandemulator_softc *sc = device_private(self);
    329 	size_t page, offset;
    330 
    331 	KASSERT(sc->sc_address_counter ==
    332 	    sc->sc_column_cycles + sc->sc_row_cycles);
    333 
    334 	if (sc->sc_address_counter !=
    335 	    sc->sc_column_cycles + sc->sc_row_cycles) {
    336 		aprint_error_dev(self, "incorrect number of address cycles\n");
    337 		aprint_error_dev(self, "cc: %d, rc: %d, ac: %d\n",
    338 		    sc->sc_column_cycles, sc->sc_row_cycles,
    339 		    sc->sc_address_counter);
    340 	}
    341 
    342 	page = nandemulator_address_to_page(self);
    343 	offset = sc->sc_page_size * page;
    344 
    345 	DPRINTF(("READ/PROGRAM; page: 0x%jx (row addr: 0x%jx)\n",
    346 		(uintmax_t )page,
    347 		(uintmax_t )offset));
    348 
    349 	KASSERT(offset < sc->sc_device_size);
    350 
    351 	if (offset >= sc->sc_device_size) {
    352 		aprint_error_dev(self, "address > device size!\n");
    353 		sc->sc_io_len = 0;
    354 	} else {
    355 		size_t addr =
    356 		    nandemulator_page_to_backend_offset(self, page);
    357 		size_t pageoff =
    358 		    nandemulator_column_address_to_subpage(self);
    359 
    360 		DPRINTF(("subpage: 0x%jx\n", (uintmax_t )pageoff));
    361 
    362 		KASSERT(pageoff <
    363 		    sc->sc_page_size + sc->sc_spare_size);
    364 		KASSERT(addr < sc->sc_backend_size);
    365 
    366 		sc->sc_io_pointer = sc->sc_backend + addr + pageoff;
    367 		sc->sc_io_len =
    368 		    sc->sc_page_size + sc->sc_spare_size - pageoff;
    369 	}
    370 }
    371 
    372 static void
    373 nandemulator_command(device_t self, uint8_t command)
    374 {
    375 	struct nandemulator_softc *sc = device_private(self);
    376 	size_t offset, page;
    377 
    378 	sc->sc_command = command;
    379 	sc->sc_register_writable = false;
    380 
    381 	DPRINTF(("nandemulator command: 0x%hhx\n", command));
    382 
    383 	switch (command) {
    384 	case ONFI_READ_STATUS:
    385 		sc->sc_io_pointer = &sc->sc_status_register;
    386 		sc->sc_io_len = 1;
    387 		break;
    388 	case ONFI_RESET:
    389 		nandemulator_device_reset(self);
    390 		break;
    391 	case ONFI_PAGE_PROGRAM:
    392 		sc->sc_register_writable = true;
    393 		/* FALLTHROUGH */
    394 	case ONFI_READ:
    395 	case ONFI_BLOCK_ERASE:
    396 		sc->sc_address_counter = 0;
    397 		/* FALLTHROUGH */
    398 	case ONFI_READ_ID:
    399 	case ONFI_READ_PARAMETER_PAGE:
    400 		sc->sc_io_len = 0;
    401 		sc->sc_address = 0;
    402 		break;
    403 	case ONFI_PAGE_PROGRAM_START:
    404 		/* XXX the program should only happen here */
    405 		break;
    406 	case ONFI_READ_START:
    407 		nandemulator_address_chip(self);
    408 		break;
    409 	case ONFI_BLOCK_ERASE_START:
    410 		page = nandemulator_address_to_page(self);
    411 		offset = sc->sc_page_size * page;
    412 
    413 		KASSERT(offset %
    414 		    (sc->sc_block_size * sc->sc_page_size) == 0);
    415 
    416 		KASSERT(offset < sc->sc_device_size);
    417 
    418 		if (offset >= sc->sc_device_size) {
    419 			aprint_error_dev(self, "address > device size!\n");
    420 		} else {
    421 			size_t addr =
    422 			    nandemulator_page_to_backend_offset(self, page);
    423 
    424 			size_t blocklen =
    425 			    sc->sc_block_size *
    426 			    (sc->sc_page_size + sc->sc_spare_size);
    427 
    428 			KASSERT(addr < sc->sc_backend_size);
    429 			uint8_t *block = sc->sc_backend + addr;
    430 
    431 			DPRINTF(("erasing block at 0x%jx\n",
    432 				(uintmax_t )offset));
    433 
    434 			memset(block, 0xff, blocklen);
    435 		}
    436 		sc->sc_io_len = 0;
    437 		break;
    438 	default:
    439 		aprint_error_dev(self,
    440 		    "invalid nand command (0x%hhx)\n", command);
    441 		KASSERT(false);
    442 		sc->sc_io_len = 0;
    443 	}
    444 };
    445 
    446 static void
    447 nandemulator_address(device_t self, uint8_t address)
    448 {
    449 	struct nandemulator_softc *sc = device_private(self);
    450 
    451 	DPRINTF(("nandemulator_address: %hhx\n", address));
    452 
    453 	/**
    454 	 * we have to handle read id/parameter page here,
    455 	 * as we can read right after giving the address.
    456 	 */
    457 	switch (sc->sc_command) {
    458 	case ONFI_READ_ID:
    459 		if (address == 0x00) {
    460 			sc->sc_io_len = 2;
    461 			sc->sc_io_pointer = sc->sc_ids;
    462 		} else if (address == 0x20) {
    463 			sc->sc_io_len = 4;
    464 			sc->sc_io_pointer = sc->sc_onfi;
    465 		} else {
    466 			sc->sc_io_len = 0;
    467 		}
    468 		break;
    469 	case ONFI_READ_PARAMETER_PAGE:
    470 		if (address == 0x00) {
    471 			sc->sc_io_len = sizeof(struct onfi_parameter_page) * 4;
    472 			sc->sc_io_pointer = (uint8_t *)sc->sc_parameter_page;
    473 		} else {
    474 			sc->sc_io_len = 0;
    475 		}
    476 		break;
    477 	case ONFI_PAGE_PROGRAM:
    478 		sc->sc_address <<= 8;
    479 		sc->sc_address |= address;
    480 		sc->sc_address_counter++;
    481 
    482 		if (sc->sc_address_counter ==
    483 		    sc->sc_column_cycles + sc->sc_row_cycles) {
    484 			nandemulator_address_chip(self);
    485 		}
    486 		break;
    487 	default:
    488 		sc->sc_address <<= 8;
    489 		sc->sc_address |= address;
    490 		sc->sc_address_counter++;
    491 	}
    492 };
    493 
    494 static void
    495 nandemulator_busy(device_t self)
    496 {
    497 #ifdef NANDEMULATOR_DELAYS
    498 	struct nandemulator_softc *sc = device_private(self);
    499 
    500 	/* do some delay depending on command */
    501 	switch (sc->sc_command) {
    502 	case ONFI_PAGE_PROGRAM_START:
    503 	case ONFI_BLOCK_ERASE_START:
    504 		DELAY(10);
    505 		break;
    506 	case ONFI_READ_START:
    507 	default:
    508 		DELAY(1);
    509 	}
    510 #endif
    511 }
    512 
    513 static void
    514 nandemulator_read_1(device_t self, uint8_t *data)
    515 {
    516 	struct nandemulator_softc *sc = device_private(self);
    517 
    518 	KASSERT(sc->sc_io_len > 0);
    519 
    520 	if (sc->sc_io_len > 0) {
    521 		*data = *sc->sc_io_pointer;
    522 
    523 		sc->sc_io_pointer++;
    524 		sc->sc_io_len--;
    525 	} else {
    526 		aprint_error_dev(self, "reading byte from invalid location\n");
    527 		*data = 0xff;
    528 	}
    529 }
    530 
    531 static void
    532 nandemulator_write_1(device_t self, uint8_t data)
    533 {
    534 	struct nandemulator_softc *sc = device_private(self);
    535 
    536 	KASSERT(sc->sc_register_writable);
    537 
    538 	if (!sc->sc_register_writable) {
    539 		aprint_error_dev(self,
    540 		    "trying to write read only location without effect\n");
    541 		return;
    542 	}
    543 
    544 	KASSERT(sc->sc_io_len > 0);
    545 
    546 	if (sc->sc_io_len > 0) {
    547 		*sc->sc_io_pointer = data;
    548 
    549 		sc->sc_io_pointer++;
    550 		sc->sc_io_len--;
    551 	} else {
    552 		aprint_error_dev(self, "write to invalid location\n");
    553 	}
    554 }
    555 
    556 static void
    557 nandemulator_read_2(device_t self, uint16_t *data)
    558 {
    559 	struct nandemulator_softc *sc = device_private(self);
    560 
    561 	KASSERT(sc->sc_buswidth == NANDEMULATOR_16BIT);
    562 
    563 	if (sc->sc_buswidth != NANDEMULATOR_16BIT) {
    564 		aprint_error_dev(self,
    565 		    "trying to read a word on an 8bit chip\n");
    566 		return;
    567 	}
    568 
    569 	KASSERT(sc->sc_io_len > 1);
    570 
    571 	if (sc->sc_io_len > 1) {
    572 		*data = *(uint16_t *)sc->sc_io_pointer;
    573 
    574 		sc->sc_io_pointer += 2;
    575 		sc->sc_io_len -= 2;
    576 	} else {
    577 		aprint_error_dev(self, "reading word from invalid location\n");
    578 		*data = 0xffff;
    579 	}
    580 }
    581 
    582 static void
    583 nandemulator_write_2(device_t self, uint16_t data)
    584 {
    585 	struct nandemulator_softc *sc = device_private(self);
    586 
    587 	KASSERT(sc->sc_register_writable);
    588 
    589 	if (!sc->sc_register_writable) {
    590 		aprint_error_dev(self,
    591 		    "trying to write read only location without effect\n");
    592 		return;
    593 	}
    594 
    595 	KASSERT(sc->sc_buswidth == NANDEMULATOR_16BIT);
    596 
    597 	if (sc->sc_buswidth != NANDEMULATOR_16BIT) {
    598 		aprint_error_dev(self,
    599 		    "trying to write a word to an 8bit chip");
    600 		return;
    601 	}
    602 
    603 	KASSERT(sc->sc_io_len > 1);
    604 
    605 	if (sc->sc_io_len > 1) {
    606 		*(uint16_t *)sc->sc_io_pointer = data;
    607 
    608 		sc->sc_io_pointer += 2;
    609 		sc->sc_io_len -= 2;
    610 	} else {
    611 		aprint_error_dev(self, "writing to invalid location");
    612 	}
    613 }
    614 
    615 static void
    616 nandemulator_read_buf_1(device_t self, void *buf, size_t len)
    617 {
    618 	uint8_t *addr;
    619 
    620 	KASSERT(buf != NULL);
    621 	KASSERT(len >= 1);
    622 
    623 	addr = buf;
    624 	while (len > 0) {
    625 		nandemulator_read_1(self, addr);
    626 		addr++, len--;
    627 	}
    628 }
    629 
    630 static void
    631 nandemulator_read_buf_2(device_t self, void *buf, size_t len)
    632 {
    633 	uint16_t *addr;
    634 
    635 	KASSERT(buf != NULL);
    636 	KASSERT(len >= 2);
    637 	KASSERT(!(len & 0x01));
    638 
    639 	addr = buf;
    640 	len /= 2;
    641 	while (len > 0) {
    642 		nandemulator_read_2(self, addr);
    643 		addr++, len--;
    644 	}
    645 }
    646 
    647 static void
    648 nandemulator_write_buf_1(device_t self, const void *buf, size_t len)
    649 {
    650 	const uint8_t *addr;
    651 
    652 	KASSERT(buf != NULL);
    653 	KASSERT(len >= 1);
    654 
    655 	addr = buf;
    656 	while (len > 0) {
    657 		nandemulator_write_1(self, *addr);
    658 		addr++, len--;
    659 	}
    660 }
    661 
    662 static void
    663 nandemulator_write_buf_2(device_t self, const void *buf, size_t len)
    664 {
    665 	const uint16_t *addr;
    666 
    667 	KASSERT(buf != NULL);
    668 	KASSERT(len >= 2);
    669 	KASSERT(!(len & 0x01));
    670 
    671 	addr = buf;
    672 	len /= 2;
    673 	while (len > 0) {
    674 		nandemulator_write_2(self, *addr);
    675 		addr++, len--;
    676 	}
    677 }
    678 
    679 static size_t
    680 nandemulator_address_to_page(device_t self)
    681 {
    682 	struct nandemulator_softc *sc = device_private(self);
    683 	uint64_t address, offset;
    684 	int i;
    685 
    686 	address = htole64(sc->sc_address);
    687 	address &= sc->sc_row_mask;
    688 
    689 	offset = 0;
    690 	for (i = 0; i < sc->sc_row_cycles; i++) {
    691 		offset <<= 8;
    692 		offset |= (address & 0xff);
    693 		address >>= 8;
    694 	}
    695 
    696 	return le64toh(offset);
    697 }
    698 
    699 static size_t
    700 nandemulator_column_address_to_subpage(device_t self)
    701 {
    702 	struct nandemulator_softc *sc = device_private(self);
    703 	uint64_t address, offset;
    704 	int i;
    705 
    706 	address = htole64(sc->sc_address);
    707 	address >>= (8 * sc->sc_row_cycles);
    708 
    709 	offset = 0;
    710 	for (i = 0; i < sc->sc_column_cycles; i++) {
    711 		offset <<= 8;
    712 		offset |= (address & 0xff);
    713 		address >>= 8;
    714 	}
    715 
    716 	if (sc->sc_buswidth == NANDEMULATOR_16BIT)
    717 		return (size_t )le64toh(offset << 1);
    718 	else
    719 		return (size_t )le64toh(offset);
    720 }
    721 
    722 static size_t
    723 nandemulator_page_to_backend_offset(device_t self, size_t page)
    724 {
    725 	struct nandemulator_softc *sc = device_private(self);
    726 
    727 	return (sc->sc_page_size + sc->sc_spare_size) * page;
    728 }
    729 
    730 #ifdef _MODULE
    731 
    732 MODULE(MODULE_CLASS_DRIVER, nandemulator, "nand");
    733 
    734 static const struct cfiattrdata nandbuscf_iattrdata = {
    735 	"nandbus", 0, { { NULL, NULL, 0 }, }
    736 };
    737 static const struct cfiattrdata * const nandemulator_attrs[] = {
    738 	&nandbuscf_iattrdata, NULL
    739 };
    740 
    741 CFDRIVER_DECL(nandemulator, DV_DULL, nandemulator_attrs);
    742 extern struct cfattach nandemulator_ca;
    743 static int nandemulatorloc[] = { -1, -1 };
    744 
    745 static struct cfdata nandemulator_cfdata[] = {
    746 	{
    747 		.cf_name = "nandemulator",
    748 		.cf_atname = "nandemulator",
    749 		.cf_unit = 0,
    750 		.cf_fstate = FSTATE_STAR,
    751 		.cf_loc = nandemulatorloc,
    752 		.cf_flags = 0,
    753 		.cf_pspec = NULL,
    754 	},
    755 	{ NULL, NULL, 0, 0, NULL, 0, NULL }
    756 };
    757 
    758 static int
    759 nandemulator_modcmd(modcmd_t cmd, void *arg)
    760 {
    761 	int error;
    762 
    763 	switch (cmd) {
    764 	case MODULE_CMD_INIT:
    765 		error = config_cfdriver_attach(&nandemulator_cd);
    766 		if (error) {
    767 			return error;
    768 		}
    769 
    770 		error = config_cfattach_attach(nandemulator_cd.cd_name,
    771 		    &nandemulator_ca);
    772 		if (error) {
    773 			config_cfdriver_detach(&nandemulator_cd);
    774 			aprint_error("%s: unable to register cfattach\n",
    775 				nandemulator_cd.cd_name);
    776 
    777 			return error;
    778 		}
    779 
    780 		error = config_cfdata_attach(nandemulator_cfdata, 1);
    781 		if (error) {
    782 			config_cfattach_detach(nandemulator_cd.cd_name,
    783 			    &nandemulator_ca);
    784 			config_cfdriver_detach(&nandemulator_cd);
    785 			aprint_error("%s: unable to register cfdata\n",
    786 				nandemulator_cd.cd_name);
    787 
    788 			return error;
    789 		}
    790 
    791 		(void)config_attach_pseudo(nandemulator_cfdata);
    792 
    793 		return 0;
    794 
    795 	case MODULE_CMD_FINI:
    796 		error = config_cfdata_detach(nandemulator_cfdata);
    797 		if (error) {
    798 			return error;
    799 		}
    800 
    801 		config_cfattach_detach(nandemulator_cd.cd_name,
    802 		    &nandemulator_ca);
    803 		config_cfdriver_detach(&nandemulator_cd);
    804 
    805 		return 0;
    806 
    807 	case MODULE_CMD_AUTOUNLOAD:
    808 		/* prevent auto-unload */
    809 		return EBUSY;
    810 
    811 	default:
    812 		return ENOTTY;
    813 	}
    814 }
    815 
    816 #endif
    817